| microglial activation by citrobacter koseri is mediated by tlr4- and myd88-dependent pathways. | citrobacter koseri is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause a highly aggressive form of neonatal meningitis, which often progresses to establish multifocal brain abscesses. despite its tropism for the brain parenchyma, microglial responses to c. koseri have not yet been examined. microglia use tlrs to recognize invading pathogens and elicit proinflammatory mediator expression important for infection containment. in this study, we investigated the importance of the lps receptor tlr4 and myd88, ... | 2009 | 19812209 |
| infective endocarditis due to citrobacter koseri in an immunocompetent adult. | citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) is a motile gram-negative bacillus usually arising from urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. c. koseri rarely causes infection in immunocompetent patients and, thus far, has been considered an opportunistic pathogen. we report on a 30-year-old man, with no medical past, hospitalized for infective aortic endocarditis due to c. koseri. four weeks of antibiotherapy led to a full recovery for this patient. however, this case is unusual, as previous ... | 2009 | 19812281 |
| gap junction hemichannels contribute to the generation of diarrhoea during infectious enteric disease. | the attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli, enteropathogenic e coli and citrobacter rodentium colonise intestinal tracts, attach to enterocytes, collapse infected cell microvilli and alter numerous host cell processes during infection. enterocyte alterations result in numerous small molecules being released from host cells that likely contribute to diarrhoeal phenotypes observed during these infections. one possible route for small molecules to be released fro ... | 2010 | 19828465 |
| endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri. | endogenous endophthalmitis occurs when organisms are hematogenously disseminated in to the eye from a distant focus of infection. the most common isolated organisms that cause endogenous endophthalmitis are klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli. previous reports on endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter species are limited. we present the first case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri bacteremia and renal abscesses. | 2009 | 19834321 |
| induction of intestinal th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. | the gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by hundreds of distinct species of commensal microorganisms that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. how commensal microbiota influence the host immune system is poorly understood. we show here that colonization of the small intestine of mice with a single commensal microbe, segmented filamentous bacterium (sfb), is sufficient to induce the appearance of cd4(+) t helper cells that produce il-17 and il-22 (th17 cells) in the lamina ... | 2009 | 19836068 |
| an infant with orange-colored urine. | | 2010 | 19844745 |
| the natural cytotoxicity receptor nkp46 is dispensable for il-22-mediated innate intestinal immune defense against citrobacter rodentium. | natural cytotoxicity receptors (including nkp30, nkp44, and nkp46 in humans and nkp46 in mice) are type i transmembrane proteins that signal nk cell activation via itam-containing adapter proteins in response to stress- and pathogen-induced ligands. although murine nkp46 expression (encoded by ncr1) was thought to be predominantly restricted to nk cells, the identification of distinct intestinal nkp46(+) cell subsets that express the transcription factor rorc and produce il-22 suggests a broader ... | 2009 | 19846871 |
| bicarbonate-mediated stimulation of rega, the global virulence regulator from citrobacter rodentium. | the global virulence regulatory protein rega, an arac-like regulator, controls the expression of more than 60 genes in the mouse enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium. in the presence of bicarbonate, rega activates the transcription of a number of virulence determinants and inhibits the expression of a series of housekeeping genes. to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which bicarbonate stimulates rega activity, we carried out biophysical and mutational analyses. our data indicate that rega e ... | 2009 | 19853617 |
| brain abscesses due to citrobacter koseri in a pair of twins. | | 2009 | 19859021 |
| evaluation of new chromogenic substrates for the detection of coliforms. | to evaluate a new range of chromogenic substrates for the detection of beta-galactosidase activity in coliforms and to compare their performance in agar media and broths. | 2010 | 19878523 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class a beta-lactamase from pseudomonas luteola. | pseudomonas luteola (formerly classified as cdc group ve-1 and named chryseomonas luteola) is an unusual pathogen implicated in rare but serious infections in humans. a novel beta-lactamase gene, bla(lut-1), was cloned from the whole-cell dna of the p. luteola clinical isolate lam, which had a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype, and expressed in escherichia coli. this gene encoded lut-1, a 296-amino-acid ambler class a beta-lactamase with a pi of 6 and a theoretical molecular m ... | 2010 | 19884377 |
| dissecting the role of the tir:nck and tir:irtks/irsp53 signalling pathways in vivo. | attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions and actin polymerization, the hallmark of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and citrobacter rodentium (cr) infections, are dependent on the effector tir. phosphorylation of tir(epec/cr) y474/1 leads to recruitment of nck and neural wiskott-aldrich syndrome protein (n-wasp) and strong actin polymerization in cultured cells. tir(epec/cr) also contains an asn-pro-tyr (npy(454/1)) motif, which triggers weak actin polymeriz ... | 2010 | 19889090 |
| in vitro activities of antimicrobials against six important species of gram-negative bacteria isolated from raw milk samples in korea. | gram-negative bacteria (gnb) with multidrug resistance pose a serious threat to public health. they are environmental pathogens frequently isolated from raw milk and mastitis in dairy cattle. this study was to examine the in vitro antimicrobial activities against 225 isolates belonging to six important species of gnb from mastitic raw milk samples of dairy herds in the republic of korea: acinetobacter baumannii (n = 17), citrobacter freundii (n = 19), enterobacter cloacae (n = 54), klebsiella pn ... | 2010 | 19895257 |
| the citrobacter rodentium genome sequence reveals convergent evolution with human pathogenic escherichia coli. | citrobacter rodentium (formally citrobacter freundii biotype 4280) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes colitis and transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. in common with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively), c. rodentium exploits a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to induce attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions that are essential for virulence. here, we report the fully annotated genome sequence of the 5.3-mb chromosome and four plasmids ... | 2010 | 19897651 |
| apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 regulates colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis by the innate immune responses. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling pathways regulate multiple cellular functions and are implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer (cac). apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ask1) is a mapk kinase kinase; little is known about the role of ask1 in colonic disease. we assessed the involvement of ask1 in the development of intestinal inflammation and cac. | 2010 | 19931259 |
| comparison of antimicrobial efficacy of a fixed dose combination of ceftazidime + sulbactam with ceftazidime and sulbactam alone against five bacteria. | the efficacy of the agents was evaluated on the basis of minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and time-kill curve analysis in pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter baumannii, mycobacterium smegmatis, and citrobacter braakii; mic was found to be 0.5, 4.0, 0.015625, 0.0078125, and 0.0625 mg/l in fdc of ceftazidime + sulbactam, respectively, which is lower than ceftazidime and sulbactam individually. time-kill curve analysis demonstrated maximum killing of bacteria after 4 ... | 2009 | 19937210 |
| purification, characterization, and gene cloning of glucose-1-phosphatase from citrobacter braakii. | citrobacter braakii produced an intracellular acid glucose phosphatase (agpc) which was purified 986 fold to homogeneity with the specific activity of 286 units/mg. agpc hydrolyzed a wide variety of phosphorylated compounds with high activity for glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. the optimum ph and temperature for the enzyme activity was ph 5.0 and 45 degrees c, respectively. the km value for glucose-1-phosphate was 5.12 mm with a vmax 27.8 u mg(-1). its molecular weight was 46 kda by ... | 2009 | 19940380 |
| probiotics prevent death caused by citrobacter rodentium infection in neonatal mice. | intestinal bacterial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in neonates. therefore, the aims of this study were to characterize citrobacter rodentium infection in neonatal mice and determine the role played by specific probiotics in ameliorating disease severity. | 2010 | 19961304 |
| [enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in hiv patients on antiretroviral therapy]. | the etiology of the diarrheic process in aids may be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa or helminths, as well as hiv itself. this study evaluated enteropathogens relating to diarrhea in hiv patients who were on antiretroviral therapy. the parasitological methods used were faust, hoffmann and kinyoun. isolation and culturing of fungi were carried out in accordance with the methodology recommended by the nccls m27-a standard. the yeast species were identified using the polymerase chain r ... | 2009 | 19967238 |
| detergent-resistant microdomains mediate activation of host cell signaling in response to attaching-effacing bacteria. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 causes outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. ehec intimately adheres to epithelial cells, effaces microvilli and induces attaching-effacing (ae) lesions. detergent-resistant microdomains (lipid rafts) serve as membrane platforms for the recruitment of signaling complexes to mediate host responses to infection. the aim of this study was to define the role of lipid rafts in activating signal transduction pathways in respon ... | 2010 | 19997063 |
| reconstruction of the violacein biosynthetic pathway from duganella sp. b2 in different heterologous hosts. | violacein is a bacteria-originated indolocarbazole pigment with potential applications due to its various bioactivities such as anti-tumor, antiviral, and antifungal activities. however, stable mass production of this pigment is difficult due to its low productivities and the instability of wild-type violacein-producing strains. in order to establish a stable and efficient production system for violacein, the violacein synthesis pathway from a new species of duganella sp. b2 was reconstructed in ... | 2010 | 20012278 |
| gut barrier disruption by an enteric bacterial pathogen accelerates insulitis in nod mice. | increased exposure to enteric microbes as a result of intestinal barrier disruption is thought to contribute to the development of several intestinal inflammatory diseases; however, it less clear whether such exposure modulates the development of extra-intestinal inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. the goal of this study was to examine the potential role of pathogenic enteric microbes and intestinal barrier dysfunction in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. | 2010 | 20012858 |
| transfer of a phage t4 gene into enterobacteriaceae, determined at the single-cell level. | the transfer range of phage genes was investigated at the single-cell level by using an in situ dna amplification technique. after absorption of phages, a phage t4 gene was maintained in the genomes of non-plaque-forming bacteria at frequencies of 10(-2) gene copies per cell. the gene transfer decreased the mutation frequencies in nonhost recipients. | 2010 | 20023087 |
| a comprehensive proteomic analysis of the type iii secretome of citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, and citrobacter rodentium belong to the family of attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens. they intimately attach to host intestinal epithelial cells, trigger the effacement of intestinal microvilli, and cause diarrheal disease. central to their pathogenesis is a type iii secretion system (t3ss) encoded by a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee). the t3ss is used to inject both lee- and non-lee- ... | 2010 | 20034934 |
| photoperiod modulates gut bacteria composition in male siberian hamsters (phodopus sungorus). | seasonal changes in day length (i.e., photoperiod) provide animals with a reliable environmental cue to determine time of year, and many physiological changes occur in laboratory animals simply by extending or shortening day length. male siberian hamsters (phodopus sungorus) housed in long summer-like day lengths have significantly elevated body and fat masses compared to short-day hamsters. because others have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota of humans and rodents promotes host adipo ... | 2010 | 20045457 |
| [citrobacter koseri brain abscess in an infant: case report and literature review]. | we present a 2 month-old female infant admitted to the hospital with macrocephaly as main clinical sign, irritability, and vomiting. the computer tomography scanning showed a cystic frontal image with contralateral ventricle displacement. surgical intervention was performed. purulent material culture was positive for citrobacter koseri (diversus). cerebrospinal fluid culture was negative. the infant was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks with a good outcome. she presented postsurgical hydrocep ... | 2009 | 20049403 |
| cineole biodegradation: molecular cloning, expression and characterisation of (1r)-6beta-hydroxycineole dehydrogenase from citrobacter braakii. | the first steps in the biodegradation of 1,8-cineole involve the introduction of an alcohol and its subsequent oxidation to a ketone. in citrobacter braakii, cytochrome p450(cin) has previously been demonstrated to perform the first oxidation to produce (1r)-6beta-hydroxycineole. in this study, we have cloned cind from c. braakii and expressed the gene product, which displays significant homology to a number of short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases. it was demonstrated that the gene product of cind ... | 2010 | 20089292 |
| epidemiology of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in serratia and citrobacter species in north india. | | 2010 | 20090276 |
| arginase ii restricts host defense to helicobacter pylori by attenuating inducible nitric oxide synthase translation in macrophages. | helicobacter pylori infection of the stomach causes peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. despite eliciting a vigorous immune response, the bacterium persists for the life of the host. an important antimicrobial mechanism is the production of no derived from inducible no synthase (inos). we have reported that macrophages can kill h. pylori in vitro by an no-dependent mechanism, but supraphysiologic levels of the inos substrate l-arginine are required. because h. pylori induces arginase activi ... | 2010 | 20097867 |
| citrobacter koseri cellulitis during anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody (ofatumumab) treatment for b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | | 2010 | 20107742 |
| coexistence of multiple antimicrobial-resistance genes in a carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical isolate from china. | | 2010 | 20110384 |
| resistances of antibiotics and heavy metals in enterobacteriaceae spp. isolated from gills and intestines of achanthobrama marmid (heckel,1843) from sir dam lake turkey. | a total of 94 bacteria, associated with wild achanthobrama marmid (heckel, 1843) in sir dam lake of turkey identified. subsequently selected isolates were characterized and identified to the genus level the 94 members of enterobacteriaceae were isolated in the gills and intestines, and among the isolates, e. coli were represented at a rate of 55%, shigella spp. at a rate of 21%, salmonella spp. at a rate of 9%, citrobacter spp. at a rate of 9%, klebsiella spp. at a rate of 3% and proteus spp., a ... | 2009 | 20112859 |
| citrobacter-induced colitis in mice with murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | over the period of a year, colitis was observed in 44 mice raised in a conventional nonspecific pathogen-free colony, 41 of these having concomitant retrovirus-induced murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (maids). the lesions varied from bacterial colonization to hyperplasia of colonic mucosa to severe, often fatal, ulceration. citrobacter rodentium was isolated from the colon and/or liver of 2 mice with colitis. when c57bl/6 mice with or without maids were given graded doses of the bacteri ... | 2010 | 20118320 |
| nleh effectors interact with bax inhibitor-1 to block apoptosis during enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection. | the human pathogens enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and the related mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium subvert a variety of host cell signaling pathways via their plethora of type iii secreted effectors, including triggering of an early apoptotic response. epec-infected cells do not develop late apoptotic symptoms, however. in this study we demonstrate that the nleh family effectors, homologs of the shigella effector kinase ospg, blocks apoptosis. during epec inf ... | 2010 | 20133763 |
| ctx-m-35 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase conferring ceftazidime resistance in citrobacter koseri. | | 2010 | 20138478 |
| stressor exposure disrupts commensal microbial populations in the intestines and leads to increased colonization by citrobacter rodentium. | the gastrointestinal tract is colonized by an enormous array of microbes that are known to have many beneficial effects on the host. previous studies have indicated that stressor exposure can disrupt the stability of the intestinal microbiota, but the extent of these changes, as well as the effects on enteric infection, has not been well characterized. in order to examine the ability of stressors to induce changes in the gut microbiota, we exposed mice to a prolonged restraint stressor and then ... | 2010 | 20145094 |
| diffuse retinal vasculitis in citrobacter koseri traumatic endophthalmitis with intraocular foreign body. | | 2010 | 20154565 |
| gm-csf-facilitated dendritic cell recruitment and survival govern the intestinal mucosal response to a mouse enteric bacterial pathogen. | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) promotes dendritic cell (dc) differentiation and survival in vitro. however, its role in host defense at the intestinal mucosa is unknown. we report that infection with the mouse enteric pathogen, citrobacter rodentium, increased colonic gm-csf production and cd11c(+) dc recruitment. after infection, gm-csf(-/-) mice had fewer mucosal cd11c(+) dcs, greater bacterial burden, increased mucosal inflammation and systemic spread of infection, ... | 2010 | 20159620 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of crude extracts from plants bryophyllum pinnatum and kalanchoe crenata. | extracts from the leaves of bryophyllum pinnatum and kalanchoe crenata were screened for their antimicrobial activities. solvents used included water, methanol, and local solvents such as palmwine, local gin (seaman's schnapps 40% alcoholic drink,) and "omi ekan-ogi" (sour water from 3 days fermented milled maize). leaves were dried and powdered before being soaked in solvents for 3 days. another traditional method of extraction by squeezing raw juice from the leaves was also employed. all extra ... | 2007 | 20161897 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (mimosaceae). | ethyl acetate (ea) extract of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (cg) was analysed phytochemically and evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against 17 pathogenic species isolated from patient: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, salmonella typhi, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus feacalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 2006 | 20162076 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of different parts of citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally. | we investigated the potency of citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit), against pathogens, in the different forms in which this fruit plant is used locally (juice of the fruit, burnt rind of the fruit commonly known as "epa-ijebu" in the yoruba dialect) and the oil obtained from steam distillation of the fruit. the antimicrobial activity of "epa-ijebu" in different solvents was also compared. the solvents include palm-wine (a local alcoholic drink tapped from palm trees), seaman's schnapps 40% alcoholi ... | 2006 | 20162090 |
| microbial keratitis secondary to infection with citrobacter koseri. | | 2010 | 20164753 |
| sialidase-based anti-influenza virus therapy protects against secondary pneumococcal infection. | das181 (fludase) is a sialidase fusion protein in clinical development as a broad-spectrum anti-influenza virus (ifv) therapeutic agent. previous reports by other investigators have raised the concern that desialylation of airway epithelium might increase susceptibility to streptococcus pneumoniae infection. | 2010 | 20170378 |
| carbohydrate binding specificities and crystal structure of the cholera toxin-like b-subunit from citrobacter freundii. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae are well known causative agents of severe diarrheal diseases. both pathogens produce ab(5) toxins, with one enzymatically active a-subunit and a pentamer of receptor-binding b-subunits. the primary receptor for both b-subunits is the gm1 ganglioside (galbeta3galnacbeta4(neuacalpha3)galbeta4glcbetacer), but the b-subunits from porcine isolates of e. coli also bind neolacto-(galbeta4glcnacbeta-)terminated glycoconjugates and the b-subunits from ... | 2010 | 20171259 |
| diarrhea-associated biofilm formed by enteroaggregative escherichia coli and aggregative citrobacter freundii: a consortium mediated by putative f pili. | enteroaggregative escherichia coli (eaec) are enteropathogenic strains identified by the aggregative adhesion (aa) pattern that share the capability to form biofilms. citrobacter freundii is classically considered as an indigenous intestinal species that is sporadically associated with diarrhea. | 2010 | 20175929 |
| plasmid incidence, antibiotic and metal resistance among enterobacteriaceae isolated from algerian streams. | enterobacteriaceae isolates from surface water were examined to assess impact of feacal and/or metal pollution on heavy metal, antibiotics resistance and plasmid incidence. a bi-modal cmi distribution was noted for cadmium and mercury. on the other hand, modal distribution was observed for pb. critical metal concentration were >8, >32, > or =4096 microg ml(-1) for mercury, cadmium and lead, respectively. high resistance to pb and low resistance to cd were remarked in stream water polluted with h ... | 2009 | 20180322 |
| fatal citrobacter farmeri meningitis in a patient with nasopharyngeal cancer. | we describe the case of an adult male with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had meningitis caused by citrobacter farmeri. the isolate was confirmed as c. farmeri by two commercial identification systems and 16s rrna gene analysis. the patient developed multiorgan failure and died despite antibiotic treatment with in vitro active agents (ceftriaxone and meropenem). | 2010 | 20181904 |
| [a case of emphysematous cystitis treated by clean intermittent catheterization : a case report]. | emphysematous cystitis is a rare condition characterized by air formation in and around the bladder wall by gas-forming organisms. an 89-year-old non-diabetic man with benign prostatic hyperplasia and neurogenic bladder presented at our hospital with fever and lower abdominal pain. urinalysis and urine culture revealed pyuria and bacteriuria with citrobacter freundii. abdominal computed tomography revealed intramural gas, which suggested the diagnosis of emphysematous cystitis. he recovered and ... | 2010 | 20185999 |
| preparation and characterization of a bifunctional aldolase/kinase enzyme: a more efficient biocatalyst for c-c bond formation. | a bifunctional aldolase/kinase enzyme named dlf has been constructed by gene fusion through overlap extension. this fusion enzyme consists of monomeric fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (fbpa) from staphylococcus carnosus and the homodimeric dihydroxyacetone kinase (dhak) from citrobacter freundii cect 4626 with an intervening linker of five amino acid residues. the fusion protein was expressed soluble and retained both kinase and aldolase activities. the secondary structures of the bifunctiona ... | 2010 | 20198665 |
| citrobacter spp. simultaneously harboring blactx-m, blatem, blashv, blaampc, and insertion sequences is26 and orf513: an evolutionary phenomenon of recent concern for antibiotic resistance. | a collection of 40 confirmed isolates of citrobacter spp., obtained from the culture of 5,732 clinical samples during 2006 to 2008, was studied for the presence of blactx-m, blatem, blashv, and blaampc by monoplex and multiplex pcrs. these isolates were also looked at for the presence of insertion elements is26 and orf513, which play an important role in the resistance gene pool. blactx-m, blatem, blashv, and blaampc were noticed in 67.5%, 40%, 25%, and 40% of isolates, respectively. sequencing ... | 2010 | 20220171 |
| improved pcr-based gene synthesis method and its application to the citrobacter freundii phytase gene codon modification. | gene synthesis technologies provide a powerful tool for increasing protein expression through codon optimization and gene modification. here we describe an improved pcr-based gene synthesis technology, which is accurate, simple and cheap. the improved pcr-based gene synthesis (ips) method consists of two steps. the first one is the synthesis of 300-400bp fragments by pcr reaction with pfu dna polymerase from 60-mer and 30-mer oligonucleotides with a 15bp overlap. the second one is assembling of ... | 2010 | 20226218 |
| lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling in intestinal epithelial cells orchestrates innate immune responses against mucosal bacterial infection. | epithelial cells provide the first line of defense against mucosal pathogens; however, their coordination with innate and adaptive immune cells is not well understood. using mice with conditional gene deficiencies, we found that lymphotoxin (lt) from innate cells expressing transcription factor rorgammat, but not from adaptive t and b cells, was essential for the control of mucosal c. rodentium infection. we demonstrate that the ltbetar signaling was required for the regulation of the early inna ... | 2010 | 20226692 |
| in situ polytetrafluoroethylene graft bypass for primary infected aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. | reinfection is a major issue of surgical treatment for patients with infected abdominal aortic aneurysm (aaa). the present report describes outcomes after use of our procedure for treating patients with infected aneurysm of the infrarenal abdominal aorta. the procedure involved an in situ polytetrafluoroethylene (ptfe) graft bypass and omental wrapping of the graft. the procedure was used regardless of the presence of gram-stain-positive pus or tissue or the type of pathogen identified. | 2010 | 20238215 |
| a bacterial effector targets host dh-ph domain rhogefs and antagonizes macrophage phagocytosis. | bacterial pathogens often harbour a type iii secretion system (ttss) that injects effector proteins into eukaryotic cells to manipulate host processes and cause diseases. identification of host targets of bacterial effectors and revealing their mechanism of actions are crucial for understating bacterial virulence. we show that esph, a type iii effector conserved in enteric bacterial pathogens including enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohaemorrhagic e. coli and citrobacter rodentium ... | 2010 | 20300064 |
| extended spectrum beta-lactamase detection in gram-negative bacilli of nosocomial origin. | resistance to third generation cephalosporins by acquisition and expression of extended spectrum beta lactamase (esbl) enzymes among gram-negative bacilli is on a rise. the presence of esbl producing organisms significantly affects the course and outcome of an infection and poses a challenge to infection management worldwide. | 2009 | 20300397 |
| citrobacter freundii causing pharyngitis and secondary retropharyngeal abscess with intrathoracic extension to the diaphragm: minimally invasive management of a rare case. | citrobacter freundii is a rare but potentially aggressive cause of pharyngitis which may progress to retropharyngeal abscess with diaphragmatic extension. | 2010 | 20307359 |
| multidrug-resistant nosocomial citrobacter in a hospital in kathmandu. | citrobacter sp. is a commensal flora and an infrequent nosocomial pathogen to cause nuisance in hospital settings. recently, the isolation of this pathogen in health care setting is rising and the multidrug resistant strains are emerging. this pathogen cause wide array of infections and the mortality rate is unexpectedly high of 30.0-60.0%. extended spectrum cephalosporins have been used to treat this pathogen and due to the emergence of resistant strains to these drugs newer treatment protocols ... | 2009 | 20334070 |
| isolation of some pathogenic bacteria from the great spruce bark beetle, dendroctonus micans and its specific predator, rhizophagus grandis. | some bacteria were isolated from dendroctonus micans and its specific predator, rhizophagus grandis. six bacteria from d. micans were identified as bacillus pumilus, enterobacter intermedius, citrobacter freundii, cellulomonas flavigena, microbacterium liquefaciens and enterobacter amnigenus, three bacteria from r. grandis as klebsiella pneumoniae, pantoea agglomerans and serratia grimesii, on the basis of fatty acid methyl ester analysis and carbon utilization profile by using microbial identif ... | 2010 | 20336502 |
| carriage of qnra1 and qnrb2, blactx-m15, and complex class 1 integron in a clinical multiresistant citrobacter freundii isolate. | a multiresistant citrobacter freundii strain was recovered from a catheter from a patient hospitalized in aveiro, portugal. this strain harbored quinolone resistance genes, qnra1 and qnrb2, both in a large plasmid. | 2010 | 20338709 |
| metallo-β-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae from routine samples in an italian tertiary-care hospital and long-term care facilities during 2008. | the emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (mbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae is a serious public health concern. producers have been repeatedly isolated from patients and long-term care facility (ltcf) residents around bolzano, and we sought to assess their prevalence and clinical impact. all routine enterobacteriaceae isolates from a bolzano tertiary-care hospital and associated long-term care facilities in 2008 (n = 5500) were screened for mbls, with case details reviewed for the source patients. i ... | 2011 | 20345467 |
| [isolation and characterization of a sulfate reducing citrobacter sp. strain sr3]. | a sulfate reducing bacterium, designated strain 'sr3', was isolated from sludge of a sulfate-reducing up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (uasb) reactor for treating high concentration sulfate wastewater. it was identified as citrobacter sp. based upon the phenotypic-characteristics and physiological properties as well as the analysis of the sequence of 16s rdna. the strain could reduce sulfate under anaerobic and micro-aerobic conditions. the dissimilatory sulphite reductase gene (dsr) was also amplif ... | 2010 | 20358848 |
| a survey of veterinary hospitals in nigeria for the presence of some bacterial organisms of nosocomial and zoonotic potential. | this study was undertaken to determine the type and estimate the prevalence of bacterial organisms on contact surfaces of five close-to-patient facilities in three veterinary health care settings within the sokoto metropolis of north-western nigeria. a total of 30 samples (10 from each setting) were collected and analysed using culture, microscopy and biochemical testing. bacterial species isolated from samples in this study included the following: bacillus sp. (27.3%), staphylococcus aureus (15 ... | 2009 | 20391375 |
| pathogenicity of aeromonas hydrophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis to brown tree frogs (litoria ewingii). | bacterial dermatosepticemia, a systemic infectious bacterial disease of frogs, can be caused by several opportunistic gram-negative bacterial species including aeromonas hydrophila, chryseobacterium indologenes, chryseobacterium meningosepticum, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia liquifaciens. here we determined the pathogenicity of 3 bacterial species (aeromonas hydrophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis) associated ... | 2010 | 20412685 |
| [induction of gut mucosal th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria]. | | 2010 | 20412737 |
| recovery and screening for antibiotic susceptibility of potential bacterial pathogens from the oral cavity of shark species involved in attacks on humans in recife, brazil. | the number of incidents involving sharks and humans at beaches in recife, on the north-eastern brazilian coast, is among the highest worldwide. in addition, wound infections in survivors are common; but the nature and risk of the aetiological agents is unknown. in the present study, 81 potential bacterial pathogens were identified in the oral cavity of sharks involved in attacks in recife, and were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests using the standardized disc-diffusion method. the maj ... | 2010 | 20413619 |
| cloning, expression and purification of cindoxin, an unusual fmn-containing cytochrome p450 redox partner. | cytochromes p450 (p450s) belong to a superfamily of haemoproteins that catalyse a remarkable variety of oxidative transformations. p450 catalysis generally requires that cognate redox proteins transfer electrons, derived ultimately from nad(p)h, to the p450 for oxygen activation. p450(cin) (cyp176a1) is a bacterial p450 that is postulated to allow citrobacter braakii to live on cineole as its sole carbon source by initiating cineole biodegradation. here we report the cloning, expression, purific ... | 2010 | 20419722 |
| novel variants of the qnrb gene, qnrb22 and qnrb23, in citrobacter werkmanii and citrobacter freundii. | | 2010 | 20421404 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal antibodies specific for escherichia coli o157:h7. | seven monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7, one of the major causes of haemorrhagic colitis in humans, were produced by immunising balb/c mice with the strain e. coli o157:h7. these monoclonal antibodies do not cross-react with other bacteria such as salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, e. coli o14, e. coli jm109, s. enterica serovar enteritidis, s. panama, s. saintpaul, s. derby, s. muenchen, s. bredeney, s. hadar, yersinia enterocolitica, proteus vulgaris, shi ... | 2006 | 20429059 |
| biochemical and genetic diversity of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli associated with diarrhea in united states students in cuernavaca and guadalajara, mexico, 2004-2007. | molecular characterization of escherichia coli with use of the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay allows the determination of clonal origin and geographic clustering. | 2010 | 20443738 |
| the profile of antibiotics resistance and integrons of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing thermotolerant coliforms isolated from the yangtze river basin in chongqing. | the spreading of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl)-producing thermotolerant coliforms (tc) in the water environment is a threat to human health but little is known about esbl-producing tcs in the yangtze river. we received 319 esbl-producing stains obtained from the chongqing basin and we investigated antibiotic susceptibility, bla gene types and the presence of integrons and gene cassettes. 16.8% of tc isolates were esbl-producing bacteria and bla(tem+ctx-m) was the predominant esbl type ... | 2010 | 20447743 |
| elephantiasis nostras verrucosa (env): a complication of congestive heart failure and obesity. | congestive heart failure (chf) and obesity are common medical conditions that have many complications and an increasing incidence in the united states. presented here is a case of a disfiguring skin condition that visually highlights the dermatologic consequences of poorly controlled chf and obesity. this condition will probably become more common as chf and obesity increase in the us. | 2010 | 20453188 |
| [etiological structure and sensitivity to antibiotics of the infection process pathogens in general surgical hospital]. | the studying of the species and their sensitivity to antibiotics of mostly spread infection factors constitute one of the main trends in intrastationary infection prophylaxis. in 307 patients, suffering the infection processes of various localization, such as purulent wounds, cholecystitis, cholangitis, peritonitis etc., there were studied up the species and sensitivity to antibiotics of the microorganisms determined. staphylococcus spp. and e. coli were determined most frequently, somewhat rare ... | 2009 | 20458947 |
| efa-1/lifa mediates intestinal colonization of calves by enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli o26 : h- in a manner independent of glycosyltransferase and cysteine protease motifs or effects on type iii secretion. | enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) comprise a group of animal and zoonotic pathogens of worldwide importance. our previous research established that intestinal colonization of calves by ehec serotypes o5 : h- and o111 : h- requires ehec factor for adherence (efa-1), also known as lymphostatin (lifa). towards an understanding of the mode of action of efa-1/lifa, chromosomal in-frame deletions of predicted glycosyltransferase (dxd) and cysteine protease (chd) motifs were created in a delta ... | 2010 | 20466763 |
| transcriptional analysis of the grlra virulence operon from citrobacter rodentium. | the locus for enterocyte effacement (lee) is the virulence hallmark of the attaching-and-effacing (a/e) intestinal pathogens, namely, enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, and citrobacter rodentium. the lee carries more than 40 genes that are arranged in several operons, e.g., lee1 to lee5. expression of the various transcriptional units is subject to xenogeneic silencing by the histone-like protein h-ns. the lee1-encoded regulator, ler, plays a key role in relieving this ... | 2010 | 20472788 |
| identification of helicobacter pylori in gallstone, bile, and other hepatobiliary tissues of patients with cholecystitis. | bacterial infection is accepted as a precipitating factor in cholesterol gallstone formation, and recent studies have revealed the presence of helicobacter species in the hepatobiliary system. we utilized the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to establish the presence of bacterial dna, including from helicobacter species, in gallstones, bile juice, and gallbladder mucosa from patients with gallstones. | 2010 | 20479914 |
| bacteriological quality of drinking water in nyala, south darfur, sudan. | the objective of this study was to determine the bacterial contaminations in drinking water in nyala city, south darfur, sudan with special reference to the internally displaced people camps (idps). two hundred and forty water samples from different sites and sources including bore holes, hand pumps, dug wells, water points, water reservoir and household storage containers were collected in 2009. the most probable number method was used to detect and count the total coliform, faecal coliform and ... | 2011 | 20480392 |
| evaluation of microbial contamination associated with different preparation methods for neonatal intravenous fat emulsion infusion. | microbial contamination associated with different methods of neonatal intravenous fat emulsion (ivfe) preparation and delivery was evaluated. | 2010 | 20484215 |
| muc2 protects against lethal infectious colitis by disassociating pathogenic and commensal bacteria from the colonic mucosa. | despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of attaching and effacing (a/e) escherichia coli infections, the mechanisms by which the host defends against these microbes are unclear. the goal of this study was to determine the role of goblet cell-derived muc2, the major intestinal secretory mucin and primary component of the mucus layer, in host protection against a/e pathogens. to assess the role of muc2 during a/e bacterial infections, we inoculated muc2 deficient (muc2(-/- ... | 2010 | 20485566 |
| antimicrobial resistant bacteria among health care workers in intensive care units at ain shams university hospitals. | fifty hcws in icus of internal medicine, chest, neonatology and burn were included in prospective cohort study. collection of nasal, hand and rectal swabs, proper biochemical identification, culture media and antibiotic sensitivity tests were used to detect methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa); vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) & extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing gram -ve bacilli (esbls). s. aureus was isolated from 34% of hcws; 28% were nasal carriers, 4% were hand c ... | 2010 | 20503587 |
| predictors, treatment, and outcomes of non-pseudomonas gram-negative peritonitis. | non-pseudomonas gram-negative (npgn) peritonitis is a frequent, serious complication of peritoneal dialysis; however, previous reports have been limited to small, single-center studies. to gain insight on the frequency, predictors, treatment, and outcomes of npgn peritonitis, we analyzed data in the anzdata registry of all adult australian peritoneal dialysis patients over a 39-month period using multivariate logistic and multilevel poisson regressions. there were 837 episodes of npgn peritoniti ... | 2010 | 20505659 |
| suppression of aberrant transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily v, member 6 expression in hyperproliferative colonic crypts by dietary calcium. | dietary calcium is believed to reduce colon cancer risk, but the mechanism by which this occurs is poorly understood. employing the citrobacter rodentium-induced transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) model, we previously showed that a high-calcium diet (hca) significantly abrogated hyperplasia in the distal colons of nih-swiss mice. here, we explored the mechanism of dietary protection by hca by analyzing the expression of genes involved in the regulation of ca uptake/flux in the intes ... | 2010 | 20508153 |
| most frequent causes of urinary tract infections in children. | to determine the most frequent causes of urinary tract infection (uti) amongst children according to gender and age. | 2010 | 20514772 |
| [clinical assessment of novel chromid esbl agar plates for detection of esbl producers in the family enterobacteriaceae]. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producers in the family enterobacteriaceae are recognized worldwide as nosocomial pathogens, however it is difficult to screen them in the routine laboratory processing. chromid esbl agar newly developed for screening esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae was released in japan in april, 2007. we evaluated the clinical assessment of chromid esbl agar in routine microbiology laboratory. the 47 strains investigated were clinical isolates belonging to the family e ... | 2009 | 20528091 |
| recovery of cronobacter sakazakii from environmental surface swabbing materials using a 5-h enrichment procedure. | this study aimed to reduce the time taken to detect low numbers of cronobacter sakazakii inoculated onto environmental swabs (100, 10 or 1 cfu per swab) using a simple plating procedure for application in a dairy testing laboratory. three types of environmental swabs (biolab flexiswab, gauze swabs and the whatman swabcheck polywipe sponge) were inoculated with either cron. sakazakii in single culture or cron. sakazakii together with citrobacter freundii. a 5-h enrichment procedure of swabs in cr ... | 2010 | 20529408 |
| epithelial p38alpha controls immune cell recruitment in the colonic mucosa. | intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) compose the first barrier against microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract. although the nf-kappab pathway in iecs was recently shown to be essential for epithelial integrity and intestinal immune homeostasis, the roles of other inflammatory signaling pathways in immune responses in iecs are still largely unknown. here we show that p38alpha in iecs is critical for chemokine expression, subsequent immune cell recruitment into the intestinal mucosa, and clear ... | 2010 | 20532209 |
| phylogenetic incongruence arising from fragmented speciation in enteric bacteria. | evolutionary relationships among species are often assumed to be fundamentally unambiguous, where genes within a genome are thought to evolve in concert and phylogenetic incongruence between individual orthologs is attributed to idiosyncrasies in their evolution. we have identified substantial incongruence between the phylogenies of orthologous genes in escherichia, salmonella, and citrobacter, or e. coli, e. fergusonii, and e. albertii. the source of incongruence was inferred to be recombinatio ... | 2010 | 20534528 |
| determination of bacterial antibiotic resistance based on osmotic shock response. | we investigate the buoyant mass of bacterial cells in real time with the suspended microchannel resonator (smr) as the population recovers from an osmotic shock. the density of the culture medium is chosen such that the bacteria initially have a positive buoyant mass which becomes negative as they recover from the hyperosmotic stress. this behavior can be used to differentiate between an antibiotic-resistant and an antibiotic-susceptible strain of the pathogenic bacteria citrobacter rodentium, a ... | 2009 | 20337387 |
| impaired innate immune response and enhanced pathology during citrobacter rodentium infection in mice lacking functional p-selectin. | the selectin family of adhesion molecules mediates recruitment of immune cells to sites of inflammation which is critical for host resistance against infection. to characterize the role of selectins in host defence against citrobacter rodentium infection, wild-type (wt) mice and mice lacking p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (psgl-1), p-, e- and l-selectin were infected using a citrobacter-induced colitis model. infected mice lacking psgl-1 or p-selectin showed a more pronounced morbidity associa ... | 2010 | 20345490 |
| gamma interferon produced by antigen-specific cd4+ t cells regulates the mucosal immune responses to citrobacter rodentium infection. | citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen for enteropathogenic escherichia coli, colonizes the surface of intestinal epithelial cells and causes mucosal inflammation. this bacterium is an ideal model for investigating pathogen-host immune interactions in the gut. it is well known that gene transcripts for th1 cytokines are highly induced in colonic tissue from mice infected with c. rodentium. however, it remains to be seen whether the th1 or th2 cytokines produced by antigen-specific cd4(+) ... | 2010 | 20351140 |
| resistance to cephalosporins and carbapenems in gram-negative bacterial pathogens. | during the past 15 years, emergence and dissemination of beta-lactam resistance in nosocomial enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter baumannii, became a serious problem worldwide. especially the increasing resistance to 3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins and carbapenems is of particular concern. gram-negative bacteria pursue various molecular strategies for development of resistance to these antibiotics: (a) generation of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) accordin ... | 2010 | 20537585 |
| [detection of bla(ctx-m) beta-lactamase genes in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacteria]. | widespread production of ctx-m type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) in enterobacteriaceae strains which are resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins is the most remarkable example for rapid and global spread of plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. consecutive 200 esbl producing enterobacteriaceae strains out of 1640 isolates that were obtained from clinical samples (167 urine, 11 wound, 7 bronchoalveolar lavage, 3 peritoneal fluid, 2 cerebrospinal fluid, 2 biopsy, ... | 2010 | 20549952 |
| high level expression of an acid-stable phytase from citrobacter freundii in pichia pastoris. | to obtain a high level expression of phytase with favorable characteristics, a codon-optimized phytase gene from citrobacter freundii was synthesized and transferred into pichia pastoris. small-scale expression experiments and activity assays were used to screen positive colonies. after purified by ni²+-nta agarose affinity column, the characterizations of the recombinant phytase were determined. the recombinant phytase (r-phyc) had two distinct ph optima at 2.5 and 4.5 and an optimal temperatur ... | 2010 | 20556542 |
| impact of long-term wastewater application on microbiological properties of vadose zone. | impact of wastewater irrigation on some biological properties was studied in an area where treated sewage water is being supplied to the farmers since 1979 in the western part of national capital territory of new delhi under keshopur effluent irrigation scheme. three fields were selected which had been receiving irrigation through wastewater for last 20, 10 and 5 years. two additional fields were selected in which the source of irrigation water was tubewell. the soil bacterial and fungal populat ... | 2011 | 20559712 |
| chromosomally encoded blacmy-2 located on a novel sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative element in a proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. | integrating conjugative elements (ices) are mobile genetic elements that can transfer from the chromosome of a host to the chromosome of a new host through the process of excision, conjugation, and integration. although sxt/r391-related ices, originally demonstrated in vibrio cholerae o139 isolates, have become prevalent among v. cholerae isolates in asia, the prevalence of the ices among gram-negative bacteria other than vibrio spp. remains unknown. in addition, sxt/r391-related ices carrying g ... | 2010 | 20566768 |
| molecular analysis of type 3 fimbrial genes from escherichia coli, klebsiella and citrobacter species. | catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti) is the most common nosocomial infection in the united states and is caused by a range of uropathogens. biofilm formation by uropathogens that cause cauti is often mediated by cell surface structures such as fimbriae. in this study, we characterised the genes encoding type 3 fimbriae from cauti strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter koseri and citrobacter freundii. | 2010 | 20576143 |
| digestive disease week 2010. turning science into medicine--part 2. | the digestive disease week 2010 conference, held in new orleans, included topics covering new therapeutic developments in the field of gastroenterology, hepatology, endoscopy and gastrointestinal surgery. this conference report highlights selected presentations on the apolipoprotein e-mimetic peptide cog-112 (cognosci inc) for the potential treatment of citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis; the inhibition of sphingosine kinase with abc-294640 (apogee biotechnology corp) to alleviate stress afte ... | 2010 | 20582861 |
| urinary bacterial pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility profile for the years 2005-2007 in st kitts. | the purpose of this study is to review bacterial isolates from cases of urinary tract infection (uti) and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for the years 2005-2007 in st kitts. it is hoped that the study will be of use in the treatment of cases of uti in st kitts. | 2009 | 20583685 |
| crystal structure of the ampr effector binding domain provides insight into the molecular regulation of inducible ampc beta-lactamase. | hyperproduction of ampc beta-lactamase (ampc) is a formidable mechanism of resistance to penicillins and cephalosporins in gram-negative bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae. ampc expression is regulated by the lysr-type transcriptional regulator ampr. ampr and ampc genes form a divergent operon with overlapping promoters to which ampr binds and regulates the transcription of both genes. ampr induces ampc by binding to one member of the family of 1,6-anhydro-n-acetylmur ... | 2010 | 20594961 |
| guideline for phenotypic screening and confirmation of carbapenemases in enterobacteriaceae. | adequate detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae is crucial for infection control measures and appropriate choice of antimicrobial therapy. this guideline aims to improve the detection of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in the routine setting of clinical microbiology laboratories. detection of carbapenemases in enterobacteriaceae includes a screening step followed by a genotypic and optional phenotypic confirmatory step. for all enterobacteriaceae, the meropenem screen ... | 2010 | 20598859 |
| interleukin-11 reduces tlr4-induced colitis in tlr2-deficient mice and restores intestinal stat3 signaling. | the roles of intestinal toll-like receptors (tlr) in the pathogenesis of colitis are not known. tlr2 and tlr4 appear to protect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by promoting mucosal integrity, but it is not clear whether this method of protection occurs in other models of colitis. we investigated the roles of tlr2 and tlr4 and the cell types that express these receptors during infectious colitis. | 2010 | 20600022 |