| microbial degradation of chlorinated dioxins. | polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdd) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (pcdf) were introduced into the biosphere on a large scale as by-products from the manufacture of chlorinated phenols and the incineration of wastes. due to their high toxicity they have been the subject of great public and scientific scrutiny. the evidence in the literature suggests that pcdd/f compounds are subject to biodegradation in the environment as part of the natural chlorine cycle. lower chlorinated dioxins can ... | 2008 | 18083210 |
| purification and characterization of 2-aminoacetophenone reductase of newly isolated burkholderia sp. yt. | we found that a newly isolated burkholderia sp. produced (r)-2-amino-1-phenylethanol from 2-aminoacetophenone, showing the high stereospecificity. nadph-dependent 2-aminoacetophenone reductase purified to homogeneity was a dimer with a molecular mass of 65,000. the purified enzyme did not reduce acetophenone and 1-phenyl-1-propanone. the purified enzyme converted 2-aminoacetophenone to only (r)-2-amino-1-phenylethanol. | 2007 | 18086443 |
| pcr-based specific detection of ralstonia solanacearum by amplification of cytochrome c1 signal peptide sequences. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method was developed to detect the dna of ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt in various crop plants. one pair of primers (ralsf and ralsr), designed using cytochrome c1 signal peptide sequences specific to r. solanacearum, produced a pcr product of 932 bp from 13 isolates of r. solanacearum from several countries. the primer specificity was then tested using dna from 21 isolates of ralstonia, pseudomonas, burkholderia, xanthomonas, ... | 2007 | 18092459 |
| cloning and expression of a parathion hydrolase gene from a soil bacterium, burkholderia sp. jba3. | a bacterium, burkholderia sp. jba3, which can mineralize the pesticide parathion, was isolated from an agricultural soil. the strain jba3 hydrolyzed parathion to p-nitrophenol, which was further utilized as the carbon and energy sources. the parathion hydrolase was encoded by a gene on a plasmid that strain jba3 harbored, and it was cloned into puc19 as a 3.7-kbp sau3ai fragment. the orf2 (ophb) in the cloned fragment encoded the parathion hydrolase composed of 526 amino acids, which was express ... | 2007 | 18092477 |
| identification of dominant bacterial phylotypes in a cadmium-treated forest soil. | the presence of heavy metals in soils can lead to changes in microbial community structure, characterized by the dominance of groups that are able to tolerate contamination. such groups may provide good microbial indicators of heavy-metal pollution in soil. through terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) profiling, changes in the bacterial community structure of an acidic forest soil that had been incubated with cadmium (cd) for 30 days were investigated. t-rflp revealed, in p ... | 2008 | 18093142 |
| in vitro activity of ceftobiprole against burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2008 | 18096556 |
| comparison of multiple methods for quantification of microbial biofilms grown in microtiter plates. | in the present study six assays for the quantification of biofilms formed in 96-well microtiter plates were optimised and evaluated: the crystal violet (cv) assay, the syto9 assay, the fluorescein diacetate (fda) assay, the resazurin assay, the xtt assay and the dimethyl methylene blue (dmmb) assay. pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cenocepacia, staphylococcus aureus, propionibacterium acnes and candida albicans were used as test organisms. in general, these assays showed a broad applicabilit ... | 2008 | 18155789 |
| distinct roles for two cyp226 family cytochromes p450 in abietane diterpenoid catabolism by burkholderia xenovorans lb400. | the 80-kb dit cluster of burkholderia xenovorans lb400 encodes the catabolism of abietane diterpenoids. this cluster includes ditq and ditu, predicted to encode cytochromes p450 (p450s) belonging to the poorly characterized cyp226a subfamily. using proteomics, we identified 16 dit-encoded proteins that were significantly more abundant in lb400 cells grown on dehydroabietic acid (dha) or abietic acid (aba) than in succinate-grown cells. a key difference in the catabolism of dha and aba lies in th ... | 2008 | 18156276 |
| genetic tools for select-agent-compliant manipulation of burkholderia pseudomallei. | because of burkholderia pseudomallei's classification as a select agent in the united states, genetic manipulation of this bacterium is strictly regulated. only a few antibiotic selection markers, including gentamicin, kanamycin, and zeocin, are currently approved for use with this bacterium, but wild-type strains are highly resistant to these antibiotics. to facilitate routine genetic manipulations of wild-type strains, several new tools were developed. a temperature-sensitive pro1600 broad-hos ... | 2008 | 18156318 |
| intergeneric coaggregation among drinking water bacteria: evidence of a role for acinetobacter calcoaceticus as a bridging bacterium. | intergeneric coaggregation of drinking water bacteria was tested. acinetobacter calcoaceticus was found not only to autoaggregate but also to coaggregate with four of the five other isolates (burkholderia cepacia, methylobacterium sp., mycobacterium mucogenicum, sphingomonas capsulata, and staphylococcus sp.). in its absence, no coaggregation was found. interactions were lectin-saccharide mediated. the putative bridging function of a. calcoaceticus was evidenced by multispecies biofilm studies, ... | 2008 | 18156333 |
| the influence of process parameters on the characteristics of polyhydroxyalkanoates produced by mixed cultures. | the characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates (pha) produced by mixed cultures is fundamental for foreseeing the possible final applications of the polymer. in this study pha produced under aerobic dynamic feeding (adf) conditions are characterized. the pha produced shows a stable average molecular weight ([symbol: see text]) in the range (1.0-3.0) x 10(6), along three years of reactor operation. attempts to improve the amount of pha produced did not introduce significant variations on the value ... | 2008 | 18157852 |
| cepacia-like syndrome caused by burkholderia multivorans. | the variable severity of burkholderia cepacia complex infections in cystic fibrosis (cf) has recently been ascribed to differences in the virulence between genomovars. specifically, genomovar iii isolates have been associated with higher transmission rates and adverse outcomes compared to other b cepacia genomovars, and consequently further segregation between genomovar iii and non-genomovar iii b cepacia infected patients is advocated in some centres. the important role of non-genomovar iii iso ... | 2003 | 18159435 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of burkholderia cepacia. | fluoroquinolone-resistant burkholderia cepacia mutants were selected on ciprofloxacin. the rate of mutation in gyra was estimated to be 9.6 x 10(-11) mutations per division. mutations in gyra conferred 12- to 64-fold increases in mic, and an additional parc mutation conferred a large increase in mic (>256-fold). growth rate, biofilm formation, and survival in water and during drying were not impaired in strains containing single gyra mutations. double mutants were impaired only in growth rate (0 ... | 2008 | 18160522 |
| a comparative synteny map of burkholderia species links large-scale genome rearrangements to fine-scale nucleotide variation in prokaryotes. | genome rearrangement events, including inversions and translocations, are frequently observed across related microbial species, but the impact of such events on functional diversity is unclear. to clarify this relationship, we compared 4 members of the gram-negative burkholderia family (burkholderia pseudomallei, burkholderia mallei, burkholderia thailandensis, and burkholderia cenocepacia) and identified a core set of 2,590 orthologs present in all 4 species (metagenes). the metagenes were orga ... | 2008 | 18162473 |
| advances and remaining uncertainties in the epidemiology of burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis. | major advances have been made in molecular studies of burkholderia pseudomallei and the immunology of melioidosis. however, there remain large gaps in understanding of the epidemiology of this enigmatic disease. identified global distribution boundaries of melioidosis continue to expand. recent data suggest australian strains of b. pseudomallei may be ancestral to those from southeast asia, but the ecology of this environmental bacterium remains elusive. despite the potential for rapidly progres ... | 2008 | 18166205 |
| [surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative pathogens from 15 teaching hospitals in china in 2005]. | to investigate the antimicrobial resistance among the nosocomial gram-negative pathogens from 15 teaching hospitals located in different areas in china in 2005. | 2007 | 18167265 |
| induction of enzymes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate degradation in burkholderia cepacia 2a and toxicity of metabolic intermediates. | burkholderia cepacia 2a inducibly degraded 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-d) sequentially via 2,4-dichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorocatechol, 2,4-dichloromuconate, 2-chloromuconolactone and 2-chloromaleylacetate. cells grown on nutrient agar or broth grew on 2,4-d-salts only if first passaged on 4-hydroxybenzoate- or succinate-salts agar. buffered suspensions of 4-hydroxybenzoate-grown cells did not adapt to 2,4-d or 3,5-dichlorocatechol, but responded to 2,4-dichlorophenol at concentrations <0.4 mm. ... | 2008 | 18172576 |
| ph sensitivity of type iii secretion system tip proteins. | many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria employ type iii secretion systems to transport proteins into the host cell membrane and cytoplasm to subvert normal cellular functions. the type iii secretion apparatus consists of a basal body spanning the inner and outer bacterial membranes and a needle which extends away from the bacterium. recent work has found that a special class of proteins localizes to the tip of the needle to control secretion of effector proteins. five of these tip proteins are ip ... | 2008 | 18175320 |
| recent advances in nitrogen-fixing acetic acid bacteria. | nitrogen is an essential plant nutrient, widely applied as n-fertilizer to improve yield of agriculturally important crops. an interesting alternative to avoid or reduce the use of n-fertilizers could be the exploitation of plant growth-promoting bacteria (pgpb), capable of enhancing growth and yield of many plant species, several of agronomic and ecological significance. pgpb belong to diverse genera, including azospirillum, azotobacter, herbaspirillum, bacillus, burkholderia, pseudomonas, rhiz ... | 2008 | 18177965 |
| comparative study of catalase-peroxidases (katgs). | catalase-peroxidases or katgs from seven different organisms, including archaeoglobus fulgidus,bacillus stearothermophilus, burkholderia pseudomallei, escherichia coli, mycobacterium tuberculosis, rhodobacter capsulatus and synechocystis pcc 6803, have been characterized to provide a comparative picture of their respective properties. collectively, the enzymes exhibit similar turnover rates with the catalase and peroxidase reactions varying between 4900 and 15,900s(-1) and 8-25s(-1), respectivel ... | 2008 | 18178143 |
| transgenic tobacco revealing altered bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere during early plant development. | the rhizosphere constitutes a complex niche that may be exploited by a wide variety of bacteria. bacterium-plant interactions in this niche can be influenced by factors such as the expression of heterologous genes in the plant. the objective of this work was to describe the bacterial communities associated with the rhizosphere and rhizoplane regions of tobacco plants, and to compare communities from transgenic tobacco lines (cab1, cab2 and trp) with those found in wild-type (wt) plants. samples ... | 2008 | 18181027 |
| resistance in gram-negative bacilli in a cardiac intensive care unit in india: risk factors and outcome. | the objective of this study was to compare the risk factors and outcome of patients with preexisting resistant gram-negative bacilli (gnb) with those who develop sensitive gnb in the cardiac intensive care unit (icu). of the 3161 patients ( n=3,161) admitted to the icu during the study period, 130 (4.11%) developed health care-associated infections (hais) with gnb and were included in the cohort study. pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.8%) was the most common organism isolated followed by klebsiella sp ... | 2008 | 18182755 |
| protein engineering of toluene monooxygenases for synthesis of chiral sulfoxides. | enantiopure sulfoxides are valuable asymmetric starting materials and are important chiral auxiliaries in organic synthesis. toluene monooxygenases (tmos) have been shown previously to catalyze regioselective hydroxylation of substituted benzenes and phenols. here we show that tmos are also capable of performing enantioselective oxidation reactions of aromatic sulfides. mutagenesis of position v106 in the alpha-hydroxylase subunit of toluene ortho-monooxygenase (tom) of burkholderia cepacia g4 a ... | 2008 | 18192418 |
| pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of experimental burkholderia pseudomallei infection with doxycycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and co-trimoxazole. | melioidosis, a potentially fatal disease of humans and animals, is caused by the gram-negative bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. there is no approved vaccine or effective prophylaxis. given its potential as a bioterrorism agent and a cause of serious laboratory-acquired infection, we studied the efficacy of pre- and post-exposure oral antibiotic prophylaxis in balb/c mice infected with aerosolized b. pseudomallei through the inhalational route. | 2008 | 18192684 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia requires the rpon sigma factor for biofilm formation and intracellular trafficking within macrophages. | chronic respiratory infections by burkholderia cenocepacia in cystic fibrosis patients are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, but virulence factors determining the persistence of the infection in the airways are not well characterized. using a chronic pulmonary infection model, we previously identified an attenuated mutant with an insertion in a gene encoding an rpon activator protein, suggesting that rpon and/or components of the rpon regulon play a role in b. cenocepacia virule ... | 2008 | 18195023 |
| development of galleria mellonella as an alternative infection model for the burkholderia cepacia complex. | burkholderia is an important bacterial genus with a complex taxonomy that contains species of both ecological and pathogenic importance, including nine closely related species collectively termed the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc). in order to more thoroughly investigate the virulence of this bacterial complex of microorganisms, alternative infection models would be useful. to this end, we have adapted and developed the use of the galleria mellonella wax moth larvae as a host for examining b ... | 2008 | 18195031 |
| prevalence of indeterminate genetic species of burkholderia cepacia complex in a cystic fibrosis center in argentina. | | 2008 | 18199792 |
| inactivation of microbial arginine deiminases by l-canavanine. | arginine deiminase (adi) catalyzes the hydrolytic conversion of l-arginine to ammonia and l-citrulline as part of the energy-producing l-arginine degradation pathway. the chemical mechanism for adi catalysis involves initial formation and subsequent hydrolysis of a cys-alkylthiouronium ion intermediate. the structure of the pseudomonas aeruginosa adi-(l-arginine) complex guided the design of arginine analogs that might react with the adis to form inactive covalent adducts during catalytic turnov ... | 2008 | 18205354 |
| discovery of a bacterial gene cluster for catabolism of the plant hormone indole 3-acetic acid. | the isolation and annotation of an 8994-bp dna fragment from pseudomonas putida 1290, which conferred upon p. putida kt2440 the ability to utilize the plant hormone indole 3-acetic acid (iaa) as a sole source of carbon and energy, is described. this iac locus (for indole 3-acetic acid catabolism) was identified through analysis of a plasposon mutant of p. putida 1290 that was no longer able to grow on iaa or indole 3-acetaldehyde and was unable to protect radish roots from stunting by exogenousl ... | 2008 | 18205812 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cenocepacia infections in patients affected by cystic fibrosis: serum resistance and antibody response. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cenocepacia are opportunistic pathogens causing important chronic pulmonary infections in patients affected by cystic fibrosis (cf). the interplay of bacterial and host factors involved in the establishment and evolution of these infections needs further clarification. we investigated the susceptibility of p. aeruginosa and b. cenocepacia derived from cf patients or from the environment to hyperimmune sera obtained from the same cf patients and evaluated t ... | 2008 | 18214797 |
| structural basis for mannose recognition by a lectin from opportunistic bacteria burkholderia cenocepacia. | chronic colonization of the lungs by opportunist bacteria such as pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the bcc (burkholderia cepacia complex) is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among cf (cystic fibrosis) patients. pa-iil (lecb gene), a soluble lectin from ps. aeruginosa, has been the subject of much interest because of its very strong affinity for fucose. orthologues have been identified in the opportunist bacteria ralstonia solanacearum, chromobacterium violaceum and burkholderia of ... | 2008 | 18215132 |
| possible typhoon-related melioidosis epidemic, taiwan, 2005. | | 2007 | 18217576 |
| burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria: opportunistic pathogens with important natural biology. | interaction with plants around their roots and foliage forms the natural habitat for a wide range of gram-negative bacteria such as burkholderia, pseudomonas and ralstonia. during these interactions many of these bacteria facilitate highly beneficial processes such as the breakdown of pollutants or enhancement of crop growth. all these bacterial species are also capable of causing opportunistic infections in vulnerable individuals, especially people with cystic fibrosis (cf). here we will review ... | 2008 | 18217926 |
| burkholderia sartisoli sp. nov., isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. | a gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium, designated strain rp007(t), was isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in new zealand. two additional strains were recovered from a compost heap in belgium (lmg 18808) and from the rhizosphere of maize in the netherlands (lmg 24204). the three strains had virtually identical 16s rrna gene sequences and whole-cell protein profiles, and they were identified as members of the genus burkholderia, with burkholderia phenazinium ... | 2008 | 18218942 |
| burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei: the causative micro-organisms of glanders and melioidosis. | burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei are the causative micro-organisms of glanders and melioidosis, respectively. although now rare in western countries, both micro-organisms have recently gained much interest because of their unique potential as bioterrorism agents. this paper reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of melioidosis and glanders. recent patents relating to these micro-organisms, especially potential vaccines, are presented. continued research ... | 2007 | 18221181 |
| comparative genomics and an insect model rapidly identify novel virulence genes of burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei and its host-adapted deletion clone burkholderia mallei cause the potentially fatal human diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. the antibiotic resistance profile and ability to infect via aerosol of these organisms and the absence of protective vaccines have led to their classification as major biothreats and select agents. although documented infections by these bacteria date back over 100 years, relatively little is known about their virulence and pathogeni ... | 2008 | 18223084 |
| exploiting the mosaic structure of trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases for natural product discovery and pathway dissection. | modular polyketide synthases (pkss) are giant bacterial enzymes that synthesize many polyketides of therapeutic value. in contrast to pkss that provide acyltransferase (at) activities in cis, trans-at pkss lack integrated at domains and exhibit unusual enzymatic features with poorly understood functions in polyketide assembly. this has retarded insight into the assembly of products such as mupirocin, leinamycin and bryostatin 1. we show that trans-at pkss evolved in a fundamentally different fas ... | 2008 | 18223641 |
| the phylogeny and evolution of deoxyribonuclease ii: an enzyme essential for lysosomal dna degradation. | deoxyribonuclease ii (dnase ii) is an endonuclease with optimal activity at low ph, localized within the lysosomes of higher eukaryotes. the origin of this enzyme remains in dispute, and its phylogenetic distribution leaves many questions about its subsequent evolutionary history open. earlier studies have documented its presence in various metazoans, as well as in dictyostelium, trichomonas and, anomalously, a single genus of bacteria (burkholderia). this study makes use of searches of the geno ... | 2008 | 18226927 |
| small-scale production of burkholderia cepacia atcc21808 lipase adapted to high-throughput screening. | the screening of variant libraries of recombinant burkholderia cepacia atcc21808 lipase generated in escherichia coli is limited by expression difficulties that are mainly due to the formation of inclusion bodies. to circumvent these difficulties and provide an efficient small-scale screening protocol, the gene encoding the lipase from b. cepacia was expressed in various expression vectors. with the pflag-ats-lip-hp construct, expression of up to 6807 u/l of culture was possible in erlenmeyer fl ... | 2008 | 18227227 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia requires rpoe for growth under stress conditions and delay of phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen causing serious infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. the widespread distribution of this bacterium in the environment suggests that it must adapt to stress to be able to survive. we identified in b. cenocepacia k56-2 a gene predicted to encode rpoe, the extra-cytoplasmic stress response regulator. the rpoe gene is the first gene of a predicted operon encoding proteins homologous to rsea, rseb, mucd and a protein of unknown function. t ... | 2008 | 18227267 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns and sds-page protein profiles of burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from nosocomial and environmental sources in venezuela. | antibiotic resistance and sds-page protein patterns were determined in nosocomial and environmental isolates of the burkholderia cepacia complex to assess similarities between them and to identify common protein bands that could be associated with resistance to certain antimicrobial agents. | 2008 | 18227759 |
| [the use of fluorescent liposomal immunoanalysis for the diagnostics and indication of glanders and melioidosis]. | the authors have developed a homogenous method for the detection of the cells, surface antigen, and ag8 of glanders and melioidosis pathogens and antibodies to them, based on the compliment-dependent lysis of ag8-sensitized liposomes. the method is highly specific; its sensitivity to antibodies to glanders and melioidosis pathogens is 24 to 440 times higher than that of rid: its sensitivity to ag8 is 100 ng/ml corresponding to 1.25x10-10 m, and its sensitivity to cells is 10(5) to 10(6) cells/ml ... | 2007 | 18228662 |
| the effect of ultrasonic pre-treatment on the catalytic activity of lipases in aqueous and non-aqueous media. | ultrasound has been used to accelerate the rates of numerous chemical reactions, however its effects on enzymatic reactions have been less extensively studied. while known to result in the acceleration of enzyme-catalysed reactions, ultrasonication has also been shown to induce enzyme inactivation. in this study we investigated the effects of ultrasonic pretreatment on lipases in both aqueous and non-aqueous media. | 2008 | 18234100 |
| moisturizing body milk as a reservoir of burkholderia cepacia: outbreak of nosocomial infection in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. | an outbreak of severe nosocomial burkholderia cepacia infections in patients admitted to intensive care unit (icu), including investigation of the reservoir, is described. | 2008 | 18237375 |
| cranial melioidosis presenting as a mass lesion or osteomyelitis. | melioidosis is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei and causes multiple abscesses in different organs of the body. cranial melioidosis, although uncommon, is sometimes confused with tuberculosis and is therefore under-recognized. the authors report on 6 cases of cranial infections caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, presenting as mass lesions or cranial osteomyelitis, and review the literature. | 2008 | 18240918 |
| genomovar status, virulence markers and genotyping of burkholderia cepacia complex strains isolated from brazilian cystic fibrosis patients. | burkholderia cepacia complex isolates obtained by microbiological culture of respiratory samples from brazilian cf patients were studied by reca based pcr, screened by specific pcr for virulence markers and genotyped by rapd. forty-one isolates of b. cepacia complex were identified by culture and confirmation of identity and genomovar determination obtained in 32 isolates, with predominance of b. cenocepacia (53.1%). virulence markers were not consistently found among isolates. genotyping did no ... | 2008 | 18243820 |
| effect of bacterial antagonists on lettuce: active biocontrol of rhizoctonia solani and negligible, short-term effects on nontarget microorganisms. | the aim of this study was to assess the biocontrol efficacy against rhizoctonia solani of three bacterial antagonists introduced into naturally rhizoctonia-infested lettuce fields and to analyse their impact on the indigenous plant-associated bacteria and fungi. lettuce seedlings were inoculated with bacterial suspensions of two endophytic strains, serratia plymuthica 3re4-18 and pseudomonas trivialis 3re2-7, and with the rhizobacterium pseudomonas fluorescens l13-6-12 7 days before and 5 days a ... | 2008 | 18248441 |
| differential mucoid exopolysaccharide production by members of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | we demonstrate that all nine species of the burkholderia cepacia complex can express the mucoid phenotype. a survey of clinical isolates showed that strains of b. cenocepacia, the most virulent species of the complex, are most frequently nonmucoid. additionally, isolates from patients with chronic infections can convert from mucoid to nonmucoid. | 2008 | 18256220 |
| extracellular polysaccharides produced by cooling water tower biofilm bacteria and their possible degradation. | the extracellular polymers (eps) of biofilm bacteria that can cause heat and mass transfer problems in cooling water towers in the petrochemical industry were investigated. in addition, these microorganisms were screened for their ability to grow and degrade their own eps and the eps of other species. twelve bacteria producing the most eps were isolated from cooling water towers and characterized biochemically by classic and commercial systems. these were species of pseudomonas, burkholderia, ae ... | 2008 | 18256966 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei antibodies in children, cambodia. | antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei were detected in 16% of children in siem reap, cambodia. this organism was isolated from 30% of rice paddies in the surrounding vicinity. despite the lack of reported indigenous cases, melioidosis is likely to occur in cambodia. | 2008 | 18258125 |
| 16s rdna analysis reveals low microbial diversity in community level physiological profile assays. | the metabolic diversity of microbial communities is fundamental for the multiple soil functions mediated by microorganisms. community level physiological profiles (clpps) based on sole c source oxidation have been used as a fast and reproducible tool to study soil microbial functional diversity because the utilisation of available carbon is the key factor governing microbial growth in soil. our aim was to assess the phylogenetic affiliation of the microorganisms responsible for c consumption aft ... | 2008 | 18258321 |
| [the clinical course of burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis patients]. | bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), a group of nine related species, are opportunistic pathogens in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients, associated with a poor prognosis and patient-to-patient transmissibility. the pulmonary deterioration in bcc-colonised/ infected patients has a heterogeneous pattern leading, sometimes, to a fulminant development - the cepacia syndrome. to evaluate the relationship between colonisation/ infection by the different bcc species and the clinical course, t ... | 2008 | 18265915 |
| the changing epidemiology of burkholderia species infection at an adult cystic fibrosis centre. | this study reviews the impact of changing infection control practices at the manchester adult cystic fibrosis centre (macfc) upon the epidemiology of burkholderia species infections. | 2008 | 18276200 |
| determination of absolute configuration of secondary alcohols using lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolutions. | lipases show high enantioselectivity toward a wide range of secondary alcohols. an empirical rule based on the relative sizes of the substituents predicts which enantiomer reacts faster. x-ray structures of lipases provide a molecular basis for this empirical rule: their alcohol-binding pocket contains large hydrophobic pocket open to solvent and another smaller pocket. this predictable enantiopreference of lipases allows the determination of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols usin ... | 2008 | 18278808 |
| comparative phylogenies of burkholderia, ralstonia, comamonas, brevundimonas and related organisms derived from rpob, gyrb and rrs gene sequences. | phylogenetic analysis of strains from burkholderia, ralstonia, cupriavidus, comamonas, delftia, acidovorax, brevundimonas, herbaspirillum huttiense and "pseudomonas butanovora" was performed based on the protein-coding genes rpob and gyrb and on the 16s rrna-coding gene rrs. overall, the phylogenies deduced from the three genes were concordant among themselves and with current taxonomy. however, a few differences among individual gene phylogenies were noted. for example, the separation of cupria ... | 2008 | 18280706 |
| molecular diversity of bacterial production of the climate-changing gas, dimethyl sulphide, a molecule that impinges on local and global symbioses. | this paper describes the ddd genes that are involved in the production of the gas dimethyl sulphide from the substrate dimethylsulphoniopropionate (dmsp), an abundant molecule that is a stress protectant in many marine algae and a few genera of angiosperms. what is known of the arrangement of the ddd genes in different bacteria that can undertake this reaction is reviewed here, stressing the fact that these genes are probably subject to horizontal gene transfer and that the same functions (e.g. ... | 2008 | 18281720 |
| identification of sodium chloride-regulated genes in burkholderia cenocepacia. | previous studies have suggested that the airways of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients have elevated sodium chloride (nacl) levels due to the malfunctioning of the cf transmembrane conductance regulator protein. for bacteria to survive in this high-salt environment, they must adjust by altering the regulation of gene expression. among the different bacteria inhabiting the airways of cf patients is the opportunistic pathogen burkholderia cenocepacia. previous studies have indicated that b. cenocepacia ... | 2008 | 18288523 |
| synthesis, stability, and antimicrobial studies of electronically tuned silver acetate n-heterocyclic carbenes. | a series of methylated imidazolium salts with varying substituents on the 4 and 5 positions of the imidazole ring were synthesized. these salts were reacted with silver acetate to afford their corresponding silver n-heterocyclic carbene (nhc) complexes. these complexes were then evaluated for their stability in water as well as for their antimicrobial efficacy against a variety of bacterial strains associated with cystic fibrosis and chronic lung infections. | 2008 | 18288795 |
| hospital-acquired burkholderia cepacia infection related to contaminated benzalkonium chloride. | | 2008 | 18289727 |
| mutation of the cyba gene encoding p22phox causes vestibular and immune defects in mice. | in humans, hereditary inactivation of either p22(phox) or gp91(phox) leads to chronic granulomatous disease (cgd), a severe immune disorder characterized by the inability of phagocytes to produce bacteria-destroying ros. heterodimers of p22(phox) and gp91(phox) proteins constitute the superoxide-producing cytochrome core of the phagocyte nadph oxidase. in this study, we identified the nmf333 mouse strain as what we believe to be the first animal model of p22(phox) deficiency. characterization of ... | 2008 | 18292807 |
| susceptibility to burkholderia pseudomallei is associated with host immune responses involving tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (tnfr1) and tnf receptor-2 (tnfr2). | melioidosis is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. using c57bl/6 mice, we investigated the role of macrophages, tnf-alpha, tnf receptor-1 (tnfr1) and tnf receptor-2 (tnfr2) in host defense against b. pseudomallei using an experimental model of melioidosis. this study has demonstrated that in vivo depletion of macrophages renders c57bl/6 mice highly susceptible to intranasal infection with b. pseudomallei, with significant mortality occurring within 5 day ... | 2008 | 18294191 |
| viper metalloproteinase (agkistrodon halys pallas) with antimicrobial activity against multi-drug resistant human pathogens. | metalloproteinases are abundant enzymes in crotalidae and viperidae snake venoms. snake venom metalloproteinases (svmps) comprise a family of zinc-dependent enzymes, which display many different biological activities. a 23.1 kda protein was isolated from agkistrodon halys (pallas, chinese viper) snake venom. the toxin is a single chain polypeptide with a molecular weight of 23146.61 and an n-terminal sequence (miqvllvticlavfpyqgssiiles) relatively similar to that of other metalloprotein-like pro ... | 2008 | 18297685 |
| a biosurfactant from burkholderia cenocepacia bsp3 and its enhancement of pesticide solubilization. | to isolate a biosurfactant (bs)-producing bacterium, to characterize the bs properties and to evaluate its ability to enhance pesticide solubilization for further application in environmental remediation. | 2008 | 18298537 |
| genetic diversity and microevolution of burkholderia pseudomallei in the environment. | the soil dwelling gram-negative pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis. the diversity and population structure of this organism in the environment is poorly defined. | 2008 | 18299706 |
| comparison of serum f2 isoprostane levels in diabetic patients and diabetic patients infected with burkholderia pseudomallei. | oxidative stress can occur in sepsis and infection, when overproduction of free radicals is not countered by the host antioxidant system, leading to impairment of host cellular functions. various disease states are accompanied by the accumulation of 15-f2t-isop in biological fluids. these isoprostanes are considered as markers of oxidative stress, and inflammation and inflammatory mediators. | 2008 | 18301838 |
| more than skin deep: moisturizing body milk and burkholderia cepacia. | alvarez-lerma and colleagues observed over an 18-day period that five critically ill patients admitted to a multidisciplinary 18-bed intensive care unit contracted burkholderia cepacia from unopened containers of moisturizing body milk, calling into question the use in critical care settings of cosmetic products that do not guarantee sterilization during the manufacturing process. is this the answer to the problem, however, or should the use of lotions in such settings be re-examined? | 2008 | 18304377 |
| atypical presentations of melioidosis as emerging threat: a case report. | we report two atypical presentations of melioidosis as mediastinal lymphadenitis and prostatic abscess with burkholderia pseudomallei, the emerging category 2 organism which led to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma and thereby, delay in appropriate management. any similar presentation should always be supported by microbiological opinion without any delay, which can help in instituting proper antibiotics with successful outcome. | 2007 | 18306611 |
| biodegradable and ph-sensitive hydrogels for cell encapsulation and controlled drug release. | hydrogels with ph-sensitive poly(acrylic acid) (paac) chains and biodegradable acryloyl-poly(-caprolactone)-2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate (ac-pcl-hema) chains were designed and synthesized. the morphology of hydrogel was observed by scanning electron microscopy. the degradation of the hydrogel in the presence of pseudomonas lipase was studied. the in vitro release of bovine serum albumin from the hydrogel was investigated. cytotoxicity study shows that the ac-pcl-hema/aac copolymer exhibits good ... | 2008 | 18307310 |
| evolution of host resistance in a toxin-producing bacterial-fungal alliance. | the rice seedling blight fungus rhizopus microsporus harbors endosymbiotic burkholderia sp. for the production of the virulence factor, the antimitotic agent rhizoxin. since the toxin highly efficiently blocks mitosis in most eukaryotes, it remained elusive how self-resistance emerged in the fungal host. in this study, rhizoxin sensitivity was systematically correlated with the nature of beta-tubulin sequences in the kingdom fungi. a total of 49 new beta-tubulin sequences were generated for repr ... | 2008 | 18309361 |
| resistance of planktonic and biofilm-grown burkholderia cepacia complex isolates to the transition metal gallium. | the burkholderia cepacia complex is a group of pathogens that can cause severe pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the aim of the present study was to investigate the in vitro activity of gallium against planktonic and biofilm-grown b. cepacia complex isolates. | 2008 | 18310047 |
| targeted mutagenesis of burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia pseudomallei through natural transformation of pcr fragments. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an overwhelming, rapidly fatal septic infection, and b. thailandensis is a closely related, less virulent species. both organisms are naturally competent for dna transformation, and this report describes a procedure exploiting this property for the rapid generation of marked deletion mutations by using pcr products. the method was employed to create 61 mutant strains. several selectable elements were employed, including elements ca ... | 2008 | 18310423 |
| use of the gyrb gene to discriminate among species of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | bacteria of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) are opportunistic pathogens that can cause serious infections in lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. the bcc comprises at least nine species that have been discriminated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. in this study, we focused on the gyrb gene, universally distributed among bacteria, as a new target gene to discriminate among the bcc species. new pcr primers were designed to amplify a gyrb dna fragment of about 1900 bp from 76 strains repres ... | 2008 | 18312571 |
| hidden clotted vascular access infection diagnosed by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. | | 2008 | 18315708 |
| a novel sensor kinase-response regulator hybrid controls biofilm formation and type vi secretion system activity in burkholderia cenocepacia. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an important opportunistic pathogen causing serious chronic infections in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). adaptation of b. cenocepacia to the cf airways may play an important role in the persistence of the infection. we have identified a sensor kinase-response regulator (bcam0379) named atsr in b. cenocepacia k56-2 that shares 19% amino acid identity with rets from pseudomonas aeruginosa. atsr inactivation led to increased biofilm production and a hyperadherent ph ... | 2008 | 18316384 |
| survival after lung transplantation of cystic fibrosis patients infected with burkholderia cepacia complex. | within the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), b. cenocepacia portends increased mortality compared with other species. we investigated the impact of bcc infection on mortality and re-infection following lung transplant (lt). species designation for isolates from bcc-infected patients was determined using 16s rdna and reca gene analyses. of 75 cystic fibrosis patients undergoing lt from september 1992 to august 2002, 59 had no bcc and 16 had bcc (including 7 b. cenocepacia) isolated in the year ... | 2008 | 18318775 |
| burkholderia sediminicola sp. nov., isolated from freshwater sediment. | a gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated hu2-65w(t), was isolated from freshwater sediment. the strain possessed ubiquinone 8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and contained major amounts of omega7-cis-octadecenoic acid and hexadecanoic acid in its cell envelope, which are properties shared by members of the genus burkholderia. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, strain hu2-65w(t) was most closely related to the type strain of burkholderia xenovorans (98.4 ... | 2008 | 18319455 |
| [physiopathology of cystic fibrosis and of infections associated to this disease]. | cystic fibrosis (cf) is one of the most common lethal inherited diseases in the caucasian population. the hope of understanding the physiopathology of cf appeared after identification of the gene which encodes cf. the alteration in cftr protein breaks the hydric balance of the mucosal secretions, producing mucus with increased viscosity. broncho-pulmonary infections are constant encountered because of the stasis of the mucus. the most common bacterial pathogens in the sputum of patients with mv ... | 2007 | 18320796 |
| rcom: a new single-component transcriptional regulator of co metabolism in bacteria. | genomic analysis suggested the existence of a co-sensing bacterial transcriptional regulator that couples an n-terminal pas fold domain to a c-terminal dna-binding lyttr domain. uv/visible-light spectral analyses of heterologously expressed, purified full-length proteins indicated that they contained a hexacoordinated b-type heme moiety that avidly binds co and no. studies of protein variants strongly suggested that the pas domain residues his74 and met104 serve as the heme fe(ii) axial ligands, ... | 2008 | 18326575 |
| diversity of the parb and repa genes of the burkholderia cepacia complex and their utility for rapid identification of burkholderia cenocepacia. | burkholderia cenocepacia is the most prominent species of the b. cepacia complex (bcc), a group of nine closely related and difficult to identify bacteria that cause serious infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. despite its clinical relevance, identification of b. cenocepacia as a single species is unavailable, as it splits by a widely used reca gene-based pcr identification method into discrete phylogenetic subgroups iiia, iiib, iiic and iiid. with the aim of identifying gene targets sui ... | 2008 | 18328098 |
| real-time pcr quantification of pah-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase (pah-rhdalpha) genes from gram positive and gram negative bacteria in soil and sediment samples. | real-time pcr based assays were developed to quantify gram positive (gp) and gram negative (gn) bacterial populations that are capable of degrading the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pah) in soil and sediment samples with contrasting contamination levels. these specific and sensitive real-time pcr assays were based on the quantification of the copy number of the gene that encodes the alpha subunit of the pah-ring hydroxylating dioxygenases (pah-rhdalpha), involved in the initial step of the a ... | 2008 | 18329116 |
| bovine lactoferrin inhibits the efficiency of invasion of respiratory a549 cells of different iron-regulated morphological forms of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cenocepacia. | pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cenocepacia are two important opportunistic respiratory pathogens of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. infections caused by these microorganisms are particularly difficult to eradicate because they are usually highly resistant to several currently available broad-spectrum antibiotics. lactoferrin (lf), a glycoprotein found in physiological fluids of mammals and present at high concentrations in infected and inflamed tissues, plays an important role in the nat ... | 2008 | 18336731 |
| respiratory infections and lung function in an australian aboriginal community. | to investigate the association between serological evidence of past infections with common respiratory pathogens and lung function in members of an isolated community of aborigines from tropical coastal north-western australia. | 2008 | 18339025 |
| a system for the construction of targeted unmarked gene deletions in the genus burkholderia. | burkholderia species are extremely multidrug resistant, environmental bacteria with extraordinary bioremediation and biocontrol properties. at the same time, these bacteria cause serious opportunistic infections in vulnerable patient populations while some species can potentially be used as bioweapons. the complete dna sequence of more than 10 burkholderia genomes provides an opportunity to apply functional genomics to a collection of widely adaptable environmental bacteria thriving in diverse n ... | 2008 | 18341581 |
| identification and onion pathogenicity of burkholderia cepacia complex isolates from the onion rhizosphere and onion field soil. | burkholderia cepacia complex strains are genetically related but phenotypically diverse organisms that are important opportunistic pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf,) as well as pathogens of onion and banana, colonizers of the rhizospheres of many plant species, and common inhabitants of bulk soil. genotypic identification and pathogenicity characterization were performed on b. cepacia complex isolates from the rhizosphere of onion and organic soils in michigan. a total of 3,798 put ... | 2008 | 18344334 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infection of t cells leads to t-cell costimulation partially provided by flagellin. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. while adaptive immunity has been shown to be important for host resistance to b. pseudomallei, the direct interaction of the bacteria with adaptive immune cells such as t and b cells is not well known. to address this question, we infected jurkat t cells, as well as human primary cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells, with live b. pseudomallei. we found that live bacterial infection could costimulate t cells to produce interleukin-2 (il-2) and ... | 2008 | 18347031 |
| parasitoids and dipteran predators exploit volatiles from microbial symbionts to locate bark beetles. | host location by parasitoids and dipteran predators of bark beetles is poorly understood. unlike coleopteran predators that locate prey by orienting to prey pheromones, wasps and flies often attack life stages not present until after pheromone production ceases. bark beetles have important microbial symbionts, which could provide sources of cues. we tested host trees, trees colonized by beetles and symbionts, and trees colonized by symbionts alone for attractiveness to hymenopteran parasitoids a ... | 2008 | 18348806 |
| isolation and characterization of a heavy metal-resistant burkholderia sp. from heavy metal-contaminated paddy field soil and its potential in promoting plant growth and heavy metal accumulation in metal-polluted soil. | a heavy metal-resistant bacterial strain was isolated from heavy metal-contaminated soils and identified as burkholderia sp. j62 based on the 16s rdna gene sequence analysis. the heavy metal- and antibiotic resistance, heavy metal solubilization of the isolate were investigated. the isolate was also evaluated for promoting plant growth and pb and cd uptakes of the plants from heavy metal-contaminated soils in pot experiments. the isolate was found to exhibit different multiple heavy metal and an ... | 2008 | 18348897 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei aerosol infection results in differential inflammatory responses in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice. | melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, whose portals of entry into the body include subcutaneous, ingestion and inhalation routes. animal models play an important role in furthering our understanding of this disease, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible subjects. previous studies using intranasal inoculation showed a differential susceptibility to inhalational melioidosis in balb/c and c57bl/6 mice and attributed the differ ... | 2008 | 18349373 |
| screening and immobilization burkholderia sp. gxu56 lipase for enantioselective resolution of (r,s)-methyl mandelate. | microorganisms producing lipase were isolated from soil and sewage samples and screened for enantioselective resolution of (r,s)-methyl mandelate to (r)-mandelic acid. a strain designated as gxu56 was obtained and identified as burkholderia sp. preparing immobilized gxu56 lipase by simple adsorption on octyl sepharose cl-4b, the optimum temperature was shifted from 40 degrees c (free lipase) to 50 degrees c (immobilized lipase), and the optimum ph was shifted from 8.0 (free lipase) to 7.2 (immob ... | 2008 | 18350389 |
| bacteria associated with ectomycorrhizas of slash pine (pinus elliottii) in south-eastern queensland, australia. | bacterial communities associated with ectomycorrhizal and uncolonized roots of pinus elliottii (slash pine) collected from a plantation in south-east queensland, australia, were investigated, using cultivation-dependent and -independent methods. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of 16s rrna gene pcr products obtained using a cultivation-independent approach revealed that bacterial communities associated with ectomycorrhizal root tips differed significantly from those associ ... | 2008 | 18355286 |
| burkholderia cepacia complex epidemiology in persons with cystic fibrosis from australia and new zealand. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is a group of significant opportunistic respiratory pathogens which affect people with cystic fibrosis. in this study, we sought to ascertain the epidemiology and geographic species distribution of 116 bcc isolates collected from people with cf in australia and new zealand. we performed a combination of reca-based pcr, amplified rdna restriction analysis (ardra), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr on each isolate. eac ... | 2008 | 18356026 |
| successful treatment of cepacia syndrome with combination nebulised and intravenous antibiotic therapy. | we report the case of successful treatment of a 31-year-old lady with cystic fibrosis and an en-bloc liver-pancreas transplant, who developed cepacia syndrome on a background of chronic infection with the et12 epidemic strain of burkholderia cenocepacia. combination therapy with nebulised and intravenous meropenem and tobramycin led to clinical improvement with a return to baseline function and complete resolution of the acute chest x-ray changes. | 2008 | 18356119 |
| characterization of a naturally occurring class d beta-lactamase from achromobacter xylosoxidans. | a chromosomally encoded class d beta-lactamase, oxa-114, was characterized from achromobacter xylosoxidans strain cip69598. beta-lactamase oxa-114 shared 56% amino acid identity with the naturally occurring class d beta-lactamase of burkholderia cenocepacia and 42% identity with the acquired oxacillinases oxa-9 and oxa-18. oxa-114 has a narrow-spectrum hydrolysis profile, although it includes imipenem, at a very low level. pcr and sequencing revealed that bla(oxa-114)-like genes were identified ... | 2008 | 18362192 |
| two cases of burkholderia cenocepacia in septicemic patients. | we herein report repeated isolation of burkholderia cenocepacia from two cases of septicemia admitted to cardiothoracic and bone marrow transplant (bmt) units. the two blood cultures taken from each patient grew b. cenocepacia. both patients turned afebrile after appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and the subsequent blood cultures were sterile. however, both patients had recurrence of fever after about a week, and the patient in the bmt unit died due to respiratory failure. environmental surveil ... | 2008 | 18362403 |
| melioidotic necrotizing fasciitis presenting as a supraclavicular mass. | melioidosis is an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei that usually involves the respiratory tract. it may manifest as pneumonia, septicemia, or localized infection. we present here a case of melioidosis initially manifesting as a mass over the supraclavicular area and subsequently progressing to necrotizing fasciitis. with appropriate antimicrobial treatment and adequate surgical debridement, localized melioidosis can be treated successfully. melioidosis should be considered in the dif ... | 2008 | 18362410 |
| [phenanthrene degradation by bacteria of the genera pseudomonas and burkholderia in model soil systems]. | degradation of phenanthrene by strains pseudomonas putida bs3701 (pbs1141, pbs1142), pseudomonas putida bs3745 (pbs216), and burkholderia sp. bs3702 (pbs1143) was studied in model soil systems. the differences in accumulation and uptake rate of phenanthrene intermediates between the strains under study have been shown, accumulation of 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid in soil in the course of phenanthrene degradation by strain bs3702 (pbs143) in a model system has been revealed. the efficiency of phena ... | 2008 | 18365717 |
| [electron microscopic study of burkholderia cepacia biofilms]. | using the methods of transmission electron microscopy, the structure of the biofilms formed by the bacterium burkholderia cepacia (clinical isolate and mutants with an increased and decreased ability to produce biofilms) were investigated. the biofilms were obtained on a liquid nutrient medium or on an abiotic surface (polystyrene). it has been demonstrated that the cultures of the studied strains differ in some morphological and functional characteristics. in biofilms, changes in the size and s ... | 2008 | 18365723 |
| [comparative assessment of dna extraction methods for identification of glanders and melioidosis etiological agents by pcr]. | pathogenic burkholderia are considered as a cause of dangerous infections and potential agents of bioterrorism. comparative assessment of different methods of extraction and purification of dna for pcr analysis of pure cultures and samples contaminated by etiological agents of glanders and melioidosis was performed. samples of soil and food artificially contaminated by pathogenic burkholderia as well as organs of infected animals were tested. dna was extracted by methods of boiling, nucleosorpti ... | 2008 | 18368754 |
| survey of infection control policies for patients with cystic fibrosis in the united states. | written infection control policies used at cystic fibrosis (cf) care sites in the united states were compared with recently published guidelines. most policies recommended contact precautions for hospitalized patients infected with burkholderia cepacia complex (73%), multidrug-resistant organisms (63%), and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (64%). socializing among cf patients was discouraged in 80% of inpatient policies and 55% of outpatient policies. although routine mask use by pati ... | 2008 | 18371519 |
| efficient regioselective synthesis of 3'-o-crotonylfloxuridine catalysed by pseudomonas cepacia lipase. | pseudomonas cepacia lipase-catalysed preferential acylation of the secondary hydroxy group of fudr (floxuridine) with vinyl crotonate was carried out in spite of the presence of the primary hydroxy group, and 3'-o-crotonylfloxuridine was prepared successfully for the first time. the isomerization of the double bond of crotonate, which occurs in conventional organic synthesis, could be effectively avoided during the enzymatic acylation. the effects of some key factors such as reaction medium, ini ... | 2009 | 18373494 |