| cryptosporidium parvum infections in a cohort of veterinary students in sweden--corrigendum. | | 2015 | 25810126 |
| cryptosporidium parvum caused a large outbreak linked to frisée salad in finland, 2012. | over 250 individuals fell ill in five outbreaks caused by cryptosporidium parvum in finland, october-november 2012. the cases were connected by lunch meals at restaurants in four different cities. in two outbreaks, the same c. parvumiida17g1 subtype was found in patients' stool samples which supports a single source of infection. frisée salad was the only common food item served at the restaurants, and consumption of lunch salad containing the frisée salad was associated with the illness. lunch ... | 2015 | 25807859 |
| validation of cell-free culture using scanning electron microscopy (sem) and gene expression studies. | a cell-free culture system for cryptosporidium parvum was analysed using scanning electron microscopy (sem) to characterise life cycle stages and compare gene expression in cell-free culture and cell culture using hct-8 cells. cryptosporidium parvum samples were harvested at 2 h, 8 h, 14 h, 26 h, 50 h, 74 h, 98 h, 122 h and 170 h, chemically fixed and specimens were observed using a zeiss 1555 scanning electron microscope. the presence of sporozoites, trophozoites and type i merozoites were iden ... | 2015 | 25765560 |
| isolation of small number of cryptosporidium parvum oocyst using immunochromatography. | cryptosporidium parvum causes severe gastroenteritis in immunocompromised human and new borne animals. the organism can be transmitted through water. since small number of c. parvum is infectious, the aim of the present study was to develop a chromatography method for the isolation of c. parvum oocyst in samples with limited number of oocysts. | 2017 | 25759729 |
| microbial removals by a novel biofilter water treatment system. | two point-of-use drinking water treatment systems designed using a carbon filter and foam material as a possible alternative to traditional biosand systems were evaluated for removal of bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. two configurations were tested: the foam material was positioned vertically around the carbon filter in the sleeve unit or horizontally in the disk unit. the filtration systems were challenged with cryptosporidium parvum, raoultella terrigena, and bacteriophages p22 and ms2 before ... | 2015 | 25758649 |
| changes in the levels of cryspovirus during in vitro development of cryptosporidium parvum. | the purpose of this study was to develop and utilize semi-quantitative rt-pcr and pcr assays for measuring the level of cryspovirus, the viral symbiont of cryptosporidium parvum, during in vitro development of the protozoan. cultures of human carcinoma cells (hct-8) were inoculated with excysting c. parvum sporozoites, followed by harvest of cells and culture medium at 2-, 24-, 48-, and 72-h post-infection. changes in viral rna levels were detected by rt-pcr using primers specific for rna encodi ... | 2015 | 25704645 |
| assessment of zoonotic transmission of giardia and cryptosporidium between cattle and humans in rural villages in bangladesh. | giardia and cryptosporidium are important causes of diarrhoea in bangladesh. the high prevalence of both parasites in humans and cattle in rural bangladesh and the common use of water ponds by village inhabitants and their animals suggest a potential for zoonotic transmission. direct transmission of giardia and cryptosporidium between cattle and their handlers and indirect transmission through water ponds was investigated. faecal/stool samples were collected from 623 calves and 125 calf handlers ... | 2015 | 25695662 |
| fluorescence decay of dyed protozoa: differences between stressed and non-stressed cysts. | several series of tests have shown that fresh, intact samples of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts are not marked by fluorescent probes such as carboxyfluorcein-succinimidyl-diacetate-ester (cfda-se), c12-resazurin and sytox® green, probably because of their robust cell walls. these dyes fail to indicate the viability of such protozoa and allow negative responses to be recorded from living and infectious samples. cryptosporidium parvum showed stronger isolation from chemica ... | 2015 | 25690334 |
| geographical segregation of cryptosporidium parvum multilocus genotypes in europe. | cryptosporidium parvum is a common enteric protozoan pathogen of humans and livestock. multilocus genotyping based on simple sequence repeat polymorphisms has been used extensively to identify transmission cycles and to investigate the structure of c. parvum populations and of the related pathogen cryptosporidiumhominis. using such methods, the zoonotic transmission of c. parvum has been shown to be epidemiologically important. because different genetic markers have been used in different survey ... | 2015 | 25687913 |
| copromicroscopic and molecular investigations on intestinal parasites in kenneled dogs. | intestinal parasites are common in dogs worldwide, and their importance has recently increased for a renewed awareness on the public health relevance that some of them have. in this study, the prevalence of helminths and protozoa was evaluated by microscopy in 318 canine faecal samples collected from eight rescue shelters in the north-eastern italy; 285 of them were also submitted to the molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. isolates. an analysis was performed ... | 2015 | 25687526 |
| molecular and parasitological study of cryptosporidium isolates from cattle in ilam, west of iran. | cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important parasitic infections in human and animals. this study was designed for survey on the prevalence of cryptosporidium infection in farms of ilam, west of iran, using parasitology method and genotyping by nested pcr-rflp. | 2014 | 25678930 |
| multiple cryptosporidium parvum subtypes detected in a unique isolate of a chilean neonatal calf with diarrhea. | to further understand the composition of population of parasite in a single host, we analyzed the gp60 gene of cryptosporidium parvum amplified from dna of a randomly selected isolate found in the feces of a diarrheic calf from a dairy farm in central chile. direct sequencing of the amplicon yield the iiaa17g4r1 c. parvum subtype. the same amplicon was cloned in escherichia coli (22 clones) and sequenced, yielding three different gp60 subtypes, iiaa17g4r1 (16/22), iiaa16g4r1 (1/22), and iiaa15g4 ... | 2015 | 25673079 |
| prevalence, species identification and genotyping cryptosporidium from livestock and deer in a catchment in the cairngorms with a history of a contaminated public water supply. | the apicomplexan parasite cryptosporidium represents a threat to water quality and public health. an important zoonotic species involved in human cryptosporidiosis from contaminated water is cryptosporidium parvum (c. parvum), the main reservoirs of which are known to be farm livestock particularly neonatal calves, although adult cattle, sheep, lambs and wildlife are also known to contribute to catchment loading of c. parvum. this study aimed to establish cryptosporidium prevalence, species and ... | 2015 | 25650114 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infections in a cohort of veterinary students in sweden. | in march 2013, a veterinary student tested positive for cryptosporidium; four classmates reported similar gastrointestinal symptoms. we aimed to identify source(s) and risk factors for cryptosporidium infection in university persons symptomatic between 21 january and 14 april 2013. sixty-four (79%) students from a cohort of 81 fourth-year veterinary students completed questionnaires, identifying 13 cases; four were cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtype iiaa16g1r1b, two were iida24g1, seven did not ... | 2015 | 25633822 |
| development and application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays based on its-1 for rapid detection of toxoplasma gondii in pork. | the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay is a novel method that rapidly amplifies dna with high specificity and sensitivity under isothermal conditions. in this study, we established a lamp assay with six primers targeting a highly conserved region of toxoplasma gondii its-1 sequence. the amplification protocol completes within 30 min under isothermal condition in a 65°c water bath while specificity tests confirmed no cross-reactivity with dna templates of neospora caninum, eimeri ... | 2015 | 25624074 |
| cryptosporidium parvum infection and associated risk factors in dairy calves in western france. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cryptosporidium infection in calf neonates on dairy farms in normandy. fecal samples were randomly collected between july 2010 and september 2011 from 968 calves (7-21 days old) on 97 farms. up to 10 calves were selected and sampled per farm, and feces examined for oocysts by microscopy. c. parvum oocyst shedding was scored semi-quantitatively (0-5). a questionnaire about calf-level care and management was completed, and m ... | 2015 | 25623968 |
| multiplex pcr for the detection and quantification of zoonotic taxa of giardia, cryptosporidium and toxoplasma in wastewater and mussels. | giardia duodenalis, cryptosporidium parvum and toxoplasma gondii are important parasitic protists linked to water- and food-borne diseases. the accurate detection of these pathogens is central to the diagnosis, tracking, monitoring and surveillance of these protists in humans, animals and the environment. in this study, we established a multiplex real-time pcr (qpcr), coupled to high resolution melting (hrm) analysis, for the specific detection and quantification of each g. duodenalis (assemblag ... | 2015 | 25591902 |
| biochemical and structural characterization of cryptosporidium parvum lactate dehydrogenase. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum causes waterborne diseases worldwide. there is no effective therapy for c. parvum infection. the parasite depends mainly on glycolysis for energy production. lactate dehydrogenase is a major regulator of glycolysis. this paper describes the biochemical characterization of c. parvum lactate dehydrogenase and high resolution crystal structures of the apo-enzyme and four ternary complexes. the ternary complexes capture the enzyme bound to nad/nadh or it ... | 2015 | 25542170 |
| occurrence of novel and rare subtype families of cryptosporidium in bamboo rats (rhizomys sinensis) in china. | this report is the first to describe cryptosporidium infection in bamboo rats (rhizomys sinensis). ninety-two fresh fecal specimens were collected from a pet market in ya'an city, china. one cryptosporidium isolate from an asymptomatic host and two isolates from separate hosts with diarrhea were obtained by using sheather's sucrose flotation technique and modified acid-fast staining. the cryptosporidium spp. were genotyped by nested pcr and nucleotide sequencing of the small subunit rrna (ssu rr ... | 2015 | 25499825 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium parvum from two different japanese prefectures, okinawa and hokkaido. | infectious diarrhea is the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves. cryptosporidium parvum is one of the main pathogens associated with calf diarrhea. although diarrhea is a symptom of infection with various pathogens, investigations to detect the types of pathogens have never been performed in japan. this study investigated the prevalence of four major diarrhea-causing pathogens in calves: c. parvum, rotavirus, coronavirus, and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (e. coli ... | 2015 | 25481361 |
| evaluation of a protocol to reduce the incidence of neonatal calf diarrhoea on dairy herds. | calf diarrhoea causes substantial economic losses in cattle herds worldwide. neonatal calves are particularly sensitive to infections with enteropathogens. the present study focused on prevention against the main infectious causes of neonatal calf diarrhoea i.e. escherichia coli, rota- and coronavirus, and cryptosporidium parvum. dairy herds (n=24) with a high percentage of neonatal calves scouring (>10%) were included and calves were sampled for the presence of these four enteropathogens. to de ... | 2015 | 25475689 |
| synthesis, in vitro evaluation and cocrystal structure of 4-oxo-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole cryptosporidium parvum inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (cpimpdh) inhibitors. | cryptosporidium inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (cpimpdh) has emerged as a therapeutic target for treating cryptosporidium parasites because it catalyzes a critical step in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis. a 4-oxo-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazole derivative was identified as a moderately potent (ic50 = 1.5 μm) inhibitor of cpimpdh. we report a sar study for this compound series resulting in 8k (ic50 = 20 ± 4 nm). in addition, an x-ray crystal structure of cpimpdh·imp·8k is also presented. | 2014 | 25474504 |
| electrical impedance sensor for quantitative monitoring of infection processes on hct-8 cells by the waterborne parasite cryptosporidium. | cryptosporidium is the main origin of worldwide waterborne epidemic outbreaks caused by protozoan parasites. its resilience to water chemical treatments and the absence of therapy led to consider it as a reference pathogen to assess water quality and as a possible bioterrorism agent. we here show that an electrical impedance-based device is able to get insights on cryptosporidium development on a cell culture and to quantify sample infectivity. hct-8 cells were grown to confluency on interdigita ... | 2015 | 25460884 |
| cryptosporidium in children with diarrhea: a hospital-based study. | to estimate the proportionate contribution of cryptosporidium to diarrhea in under-five children, and to study its demographic and clinical associates. | 2014 | 25432222 |
| advances in prevention and therapy of neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea: a systematical review with emphasis on colostrum management and fluid therapy. | neonatal calf diarrhoea remains the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in preweaned dairy calves worldwide. this complex disease can be triggered by both infectious and non-infectious causes. the four most important enteropathogens leading to neonatal dairy calf diarrhoea are escherichia coli, rota- and coronavirus, and cryptosporidium parvum. besides treating diarrhoeic neonatal dairy calves, the veterinarian is the most obvious person to advise the dairy farmer on prevention and trea ... | 2014 | 25431305 |
| cryptosporidiosis caused by cryptosporidium parvum subtype iida15g1 at a dairy farm in northwestern china. | cryptosporidium spp. are zoonotic parasites responsible for diarrhoeal diseases in animals and humans worldwide. cattle are the most common mammalian species in which cryptosporidium is detected, with pre-weaned calves considered to be reservoirs for zoonotic c. parvum. in october 2013, severe diarrhoea was observed in 396 pre-weaned calves at a farm in the ningxia autonomous region of northwestern china. 356 of the infected calves died despite antibiotic therapy. | 2014 | 25430474 |
| a comparative survey of the prevalence of human parasites found in fresh vegetables sold in supermarkets and open-aired markets in accra, ghana. | consuming raw vegetables offers essential nutrients that one may not get when such vegetables are usually cooked. however, eating them raw may pose a great risk for transmissions of pathogens. such risks may be influenced by the sources of the vegetables and washing techniques used. the aim of the study was to compare the prevalence and diversity of parasitic pathogens associated with vegetables sold at the two types of markets in ghana and compare effectiveness of various washing techniques. | 2014 | 25424391 |
| giardia and cryptosporidium in cetaceans on the european atlantic coast. | the occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium was investigated in cetacean specimens stranded on the northwestern coast of spain (european atlantic coast) by analysis of 65 samples of large intestine from eight species. the parasites were identified by direct immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) and by pcr amplification of the β-giardin gene, the its1-5.8s-its2 region and the ssu-rdna gene of giardia and the ssu-rdna gene of cryptosporidium. giardia and cryptosporidium were detected in 7 (10. ... | 2015 | 25418072 |
| a novel cdpk1 inhibitor--a potential treatment for cryptosporidiosis in calves? | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic agent that infects humans and animals occasionally causing severe, watery diarrhoea. in immunocompetent hosts, cryptosporidiosis is self-limiting but can have a fatal outcome in immunocompromised individuals. cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of waterborne diseases (recreational water and drinking water) in humans, a leading cause of moderate to severe childhood diarrhoea, and a major agent of diarrhoea in calves leading to high economic losses ... | 2015 | 25398685 |
| immunofluorescence assay and pcr analysis of cryptosporidium oocysts and species from human feacal specimens. | cryptosporidium spp. is a widespread protozoan parasite involving humans and animals. | 2014 | 25371795 |
| detection of cryptosporidium parvum in environmental soil and vegetables. | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that causes cryptosporidial enteritis. numerous outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have been reported worldwide. cryptosporidium is transmitted to hosts via consumption of contaminated water and food but also by direct contact with contaminated soil or infected hosts. the present study investigated farm soil collected from 34 locations along the western korean peninsula and 24 vegetables purchased from local grocery markets in seoul. the soil a ... | 2014 | 25368489 |
| hypogammaglobulinemia-associated gastrointestinal disease--a case series. | hypogammaglobulinemia, a form of primary immunodeficiency, is an uncommon condition. gastrointestinal (gi) symptoms may be the only presentation. a series of 22 patients who presented with gi symptoms and were diagnosed with hypogammaglobulinemia is presented. chronic diarrhea was the presentation in majority (90.9 %) of patients. malabsorption was identified in 87.5 % of patients followed by weight loss (59.0 %), abdominal pain (27.2 %), and oral ulcers (4.5 %). the median duration of symptoms ... | 2014 | 25352181 |
| gain of function mutations of pik3cd as a cause of primary sclerosing cholangitis. | gain of function (gof) mutation in the p110δ catalytic subunit of the phosphatidylinositol-3-oh kinase (pik3cd) is the cause of a primary immunodeficiency (pid) characterized by recurrent sinopulmonary infections and lymphoproliferation. we describe a family of two adults and three children with gof mutation in pik3cd, all with recurrent sinopulmonary infections and varied infectious and non-infectious complications. the two adults have primary sclerosing cholangitis (psc) without evidence of cr ... | 2015 | 25352054 |
| establishment of a germ carrier assay to assess disinfectant efficacy against oocysts of coccidian parasites. | parasites are a common threat to human and animal health. one option to combat parasites that produce infective environmental stages is to inactivate them by chemical disinfection. standardised laboratory assays that enable proper evaluation of products suspected to be efficient are highly desirable to allow prudent selection and use of such potentially hazardous agents. here, we present a newly developed in vitro germ carrier assay to evaluate inactivation of oocysts of the model organism crypt ... | 2015 | 25339515 |
| isospora belli associated recurrent diarrhea in a child with aids. | persistent diarrhea is a major manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) which might be more complicated in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected children especially those from developing countries. there are numerous reports showing the emergence of intestinal opportunistic coccidian parasites, mostly cryptosporidium parvum and isospora belli in hiv-infected individuals. the prevalence of isosporiasis is probably underestimated in developing countries because routinely no ... | 2014 | 25320501 |
| practical implementation, characterization and applications of a multi-colour time-gated luminescence microscope. | time-gated luminescence microscopy using long-lifetime molecular probes can effectively eliminate autofluorescence to enable high contrast imaging. here we investigate a new strategy of time-gated imaging for simultaneous visualisation of multiple species of microorganisms stained with long-lived complexes under low-background conditions. this is realized by imaging two pathogenic organisms (giardia lamblia stained with a red europium probe and cryptosporidium parvum with a green terbium probe) ... | 2014 | 25307702 |
| short communication: nitazoxanide inhibits hiv viral replication in monocyte-derived macrophages. | we document the anti-hiv activity of nitazoxanide (ntz), the first member of the thiazolide class of antiinfective drugs, originally effective against enteritis caused by cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia. ntz has been administered extensively worldwide, with no severe toxicities associated with its use. here, we show for the first time that ntz decreases hiv-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) if present before or during hiv-1 infection. this ntz effect is associated wi ... | 2015 | 25303025 |
| symptomatic and asymptomatic secondary transmission of cryptosporidium parvum following two related outbreaks in schoolchildren. | two related outbreaks (in 2009 and 2012) of cryptosporidiosis in norwegian schoolchildren during a stay at a remote holiday farm provided us with a natural experiment to investigate possible secondary transmission of cryptosporidium parvum iia a19g1r1. after the children had returned home, clinical data and stool samples were obtained from their household contacts. samples were investigated for the presence of cryptosporidium oocysts by immunofluorescence antibody test. we found both asymptomati ... | 2015 | 25268811 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium parvum isolates from human cryptosporidiosis cases in scotland. | cryptosporidium parvum (c. parvum) is one of the most prevalent protozoan pathogens responsible for inducing human and animal disease worldwide. in this study, the glycoprotein-60 (gp60) subtyping tool was employed to assess the molecular diversity of c. parvum from human feces throughout scotland during potential outbreaks. over a 24-month period, microscopy analysis revealed 1139 positive feces containing cryptosporidium species with 256 identified by molecular methods specifically as c. parvu ... | 2015 | 25244937 |
| a wide-bandwidth power amplifier for frequency-selective insulator-based dielectrophoresis. | insulator-based dielectrophoresis enables contact-less separation and analysis of biosystems, but it is unable to operate effectively in the mhz frequency range, which is necessary for the manipulation of biological cells based on the characteristic electrophysiology of their cytoplasm or biomolecular preconcentration based on their unique conformation. to address the steep drop in output power and the rise of signal distortions within conventional amplifiers at mhz frequencies due to slew rate ... | 2014 | 25226875 |
| optimization of a fragment size analysis tool for identification of cryptosporidium species and gp60 alleles infecting domestic ruminants. | a capillary electrophoresis (ce)-based dna fragment analysis tool was optimized to identify in a single capillary the most common cryptosporidium species and cryptosporidium parvum gp60 alleles infecting domestic ruminants. for this purpose, a panel of genomic dna samples including six cryptosporidium species (c. parvum, c. bovis, c. ryanae, c. andersoni, c. ubiquitum, and c. hominis) and 18 c. parvum gp60 subtypes belonging to the subtype families iia and iid was used. all these samples had bee ... | 2014 | 25224787 |
| a unique hexokinase in cryptosporidium parvum, an apicomplexan pathogen lacking the krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. | cryptosporidium parvum may cause virtually untreatable infections in aids patients, and is recently identified as one of the top four diarrheal pathogens in children in developing countries. cryptosporidium differs from other apicomplexans (e.g., plasmodium and toxoplasma) by lacking many metabolic pathways including the krebs cycle and cytochrome-based respiratory chain, thus relying mainly on glycolysis for atp production. here we report the molecular and biochemical characterizations of a hex ... | 2014 | 25216472 |
| apicomplexan infections in the gut. | toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium parvum are intracellular protozoan parasites that establish infection through the small intestinal bowel after the ingestion of contaminated food products. these apicomplexan parasites have emerged as an important cause of chronic and fatal disease in immunodeficient individuals, in addition to being investigated as possible triggers of inflammatory bowel disease. t. gondii disseminates to the brain and other tissues after infection, whereas c. parvum remain ... | 2014 | 25201405 |
| plasma micrornas are promising novel biomarkers for the early detection of toxoplasma gondii infection. | micrornas (mirnas) have been shown to be present in plasma, which are remarkably stable, and have been suggested as disease biomarkers. toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) is a protozoan parasite that is infective to a wide range of animals and human beings. previous studies have found that the parasite generated a large number of mirnas during proliferation and it is known that the spectrum of mirna expression in the infected hosts is pathogen-specific. to date, there are no reports regarding the app ... | 2014 | 25199527 |
| efficacy of wash solutions in recovering cyclospora cayetanensis, cryptosporidium parvum, and toxoplasma gondii from basil. | parasitic diseases can be acquired by ingestion of contaminated raw or minimally processed fresh produce (herbs and fruits). the sensitivity of methods used to detect parasites on fresh produce depends in part on the efficacy of wash solutions in removing them from suspect samples. in this study, six wash solutions (sterile e-pure water, 3% levulinic acid-3% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1 m glycine, 0.1 m phosphate-buffered saline, 0.1% alconox, and 1% hcl-pepsin) were evaluated for their effectivene ... | 2014 | 25198596 |
| occurrence and molecular characterization of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in sheep and goats reared under dairy husbandry systems in greece. | giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. are gastro-intestinal protozoa known to infect small ruminants. both protozoa are also considered as a potential public health concern. the objective of this study was to determine their prevalence in lambs and goat kids kept under common mediterranean dairy husbandry systems and to identify the species and genotypes infecting these small ruminants. in total, 684 faecal samples (429 from lambs and 255 from goat kids) were collected on 21 farms in greec ... | 2014 | 25187088 |
| detection of giardia lamblia and cryptosporidium parvum by direct immunofluorescence assay in stool specimen. | giardia and cryptosporidium are the pathogens which transmitted through contaminated soil and contaminated water are significant causes of diarrhea and nutritional disorders in institutional and community peoples. children and immune compromise persons are more vulnerable for these infections. both giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis were included in 2004 as who neglected disease. so this is a major public health problem in developing countries. the present study was carried out to detect the giard ... | 2014 | 25178591 |
| il-18 cytokine levels modulate innate immune responses and cryptosporidiosis in mice. | il-18 is known to play a key role limiting cryptosporidium parvum infection. in this study, we show that il-18 depletion in scid mice significantly exacerbates c. parvum infection, whereas, treatment with recombinant il-18 (ril-18), significantly decreases the parasite load, as compared to controls. increases in serum ifn-γ levels as well as the up-regulation of the antimicrobial peptides, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide and beta defensin 3 (defb3) were observed in the intestinal mucosa of mi ... | 2015 | 25155632 |
| molecular characterization of cryptosporidium spp. isolated from immunocompromised patients and children. | cryptosporidium is known to be one of the most important causes of diarrhea in children and immunocompromised patients. genotype characterization of cryptosporidium species in each region would help in the treatment of this disease, as well as to locate the source of infection and to prevent the disease. | 2014 | 25147696 |
| identification of a telomeric dna-binding protein in eimeria tenella. | coccidiosis is considered to be a major problem for the poultry industry, and coccidiosis control is yet urgent. due to the roles in telomere length regulation and end protection, telomere-binding proteins have been considered as a good target for drug design. in this work, a putative gbp1p that is similar to telomeric dna-binding protein gbp (g-strand binding protein) of cryptosporidium parvum, was searched in the database of eimeria tenella. sequence analysis indicated e.tenella gbp1p (etgbp1p ... | 2014 | 25128826 |
| a new in vitro model using small intestinal epithelial cells to enhance infection of cryptosporidium parvum. | to better understand and study the infection of the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum, a more sensitive in vitro assay is required. in vivo, this parasite infects the epithelial cells of the microvilli layer in the small intestine. while cell infection models using colon, kidney, and stomach cells have been studied to understand the infectivity potential of the oocysts, an ideal in vitro model would be readily-available, human-derived, and originating from the small intestine. in this st ... | 2014 | 25072838 |
| estimating environmental conditions affecting protozoal pathogen removal in surface water wetland systems using a multi-scale, model-based approach. | cryptosporidium parvum, giardia lamblia, and toxoplasma gondii are waterborne protozoal pathogens distributed worldwide and empirical evidence suggests that wetlands reduce the concentrations of these pathogens under certain environmental conditions. the goal of this study was to evaluate how protozoal removal in surface water is affected by the water temperature, turbidity, salinity, and vegetation cover of wetlands in the monterey bay region of california. to examine how protozoal removal was ... | 2014 | 25016109 |
| cryptosporidiosis causing severe persistent diarrhea in a patient with multiple myeloma: a case report and brief review of literature. | cryptosporidiosis is a protozoal infection that leads to self-limited diarrheal disease in immunocompetent individuals and a more severe illness in immunocompromised patients especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. although patients with hematolymphoid malignancies can develop this infection, it is an uncommon cause of diarrhea in these patients. the patient was a 64-year-old woman, a known case of multiple myeloma for 17 years, who had been treated with multiple lines o ... | 2014 | 25006294 |
| the cryptosporidium parvum apiap2 gene family: insights into the evolution of apicomplexan ap2 regulatory systems. | we provide the first comprehensive analysis of any transcription factor family in cryptosporidium, a basal-branching apicomplexan that is the second leading cause of infant diarrhea globally. ap2 domain-containing proteins have evolved to be the major regulatory family in the phylum to the exclusion of canonical regulators. we show that apicomplexan and perkinsid ap2 domains cluster distinctly from other chromalveolate ap2s. protein-binding specificity assays of c. parvum ap2 domains combined wi ... | 2014 | 24957599 |
| short communication: effect of pomegranate-residue supplement on cryptosporidium parvum oocyst shedding in neonatal calves. | cryptosporidium parvum is considered one of the most common enteropathogens, responsible for the high incidence of diarrhea and deleterious implications on immunity and health in neonatal calves. the pomegranate is well known for its health-promoting properties. two experiments were designed to test the antiparasitical and antidiarrheal effects of concentrated pomegranate extract (cpe) supplement in milk in neonatal holstein calves. forty-one calves were randomly divided into control (n=20) and ... | 2014 | 24952772 |
| development of a combined in vitro cell culture--quantitative pcr assay for evaluating the disinfection performance of pulsed light for treating the waterborne enteroparasite giardia lamblia. | giardia lamblia is a flagellated protozoan parasite that is recognised as a frequent cause of water-borne disease in humans and animals. we report for the first time on the use of a combined in vitro hct-8 cell culture-quantitative pcr assay for evaluating the efficacy of using pulsed uv light for treating g. lamblia parasites. findings showed that current methods that are limited to using vital stains before and after cyst excystation are not appropriate for monitoring or evaluating cyst destru ... | 2014 | 24929148 |
| the gut flora is required for the control of intestinal infection by poly(i:c) administration in neonates. | we found that immunostimulation of the intestinal immune system of neonatal mice by poly(i:c) injection decreased intestinal infection by the parasite cryptosporidium parvum. we showed that the presence of dendritic cells and the cooperation of mutually dependent cytokines, such as il-12p40, and type i and type ii ifns, were involved in the mechanism of protection induced by poly(i:c). this protection is dependent not only on tlr3-trif signaling, but also on the activation of the tlr5-myd88 path ... | 2014 | 24918602 |
| cryptosporidium parvum has an active hypusine biosynthesis pathway. | the protozoan parasite cryptosporidium parvum causes severe enteric infection and diarrheal disease with substantial morbidity and mortality in untreated aids patients and children in developing or resource-limited countries. no fully effective treatment is available. hypusination of eif5a is an important post-translational modification essential for cell proliferation. this modification occurs in a two step process catalyzed by deoxyhypusine synthase (dhs) followed by deoxyhypusine hydroxylase. ... | 2014 | 24893338 |
| cryptosporidiosis in iranian farm workers and their household members: a hypothesis about possible zoonotic transmission. | objectives. the prevalence of cryptosporidium and the risk factors of zoonotic transmission in najafabad, isfahan, iran dairy farms were examined. methods. one fecal sample was collected from all calves less than 6 months old in eight dairy farms around najafabad (isfahan province, central iran) as well as individuals working in these farms and their household members. a two-step nested pcr protocol was used to amplify the 18s rrna gene (830 bp). results. cryptosporidium was identified in the st ... | 2014 | 24876850 |
| cryptosporidium parvum induces sirt1 expression in host epithelial cells through downregulating let-7i. | epithelial cells along human gastrointestinal mucosal surface express pathogen-recognizing receptors and actively participate in the regulation of inflammatory reactions in response to microbial infection. the nad-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (sirt1), one member of the sirtuin family of proteins and an nad-dependent deacetylase has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including inflammation, longevity, and metabolism. in this study, we demonstrated that infection ... | 2014 | 24862934 |
| evaluation of spore wall protein 1 as an alternative antigen for the diagnosis of encephalitozoon cuniculi infection of farmed foxes using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | the sequence encoding swp1 was cloned from the genome of encephalitozoon cuniculi. recombinant swp1 (rswp1) was expressed in escherichia coli and used to detect e. cuniculi infections in farmed foxes and dogs with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in the present study. the sera of foxes infected with e. cuniculi could be distinguished from the sera of foxes infected with toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum using the elisa. in total, 198 fox samples ... | 2014 | 24830821 |
| immuno-pcr for detection of giardia lamblia cysts in water. | giardia lamblia cysts at low concentrations were detected in water samples using a highly sensitive immunological-pcr (ipcr) method. magnetic gold particles were precoated with monoclonal anti-giardia antibodies, and giardia lamblia cysts ranging from 1 to 100 cysts were diluted in 500 microl of water. a biotinylated detection antibody bound to the g. lamblia cysts was then linked by a streptavidin bridge to biotinylated giardia-reporter dna. after extensive washing, reporter dna was released by ... | 2014 | 24830167 |
| [protective effect of radix sophorae flavescentis mixture on intestinal mucosa in mice infected with cryptosporidium parvum]. | to investigate the protective effect of radix sophorae flavescentis (rsf) mixture on intestinal mucosa in mice infected with cryptosporidium parvum. | 2013 | 24812877 |
| [development of an ims-qpcr method for detection of cryptosporidium parvum in water]. | to develop a detection method for cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from water samples, which combined immunomagnetic separation (ims) with taqman real-time pcr (qpcr). | 2013 | 24812853 |
| cdpks of cryptosporidium parvum--stage-specific expression in vitro. | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic agent that bears a high risk for the health of particularly immunocompromised humans and animals. as currently available drugs and therapies against cryptosporidiosis do not turn out satisfactory, more intensive research on the control of this parasite is necessary. the genus cryptosporidium is unique within the phylum apicomplexa as its localisation is intracellular but extracytoplasmatic. infection of host cells is initially a parasite-driven process, but t ... | 2014 | 24810092 |
| quantification of viable giardia cysts and cryptosporidium oocysts in wastewater using propidium monoazide quantitative real-time pcr. | real-time pcr (qpcr) is a rapid tool to quantify pathogens in the aquatic environment; however, it quantifies all pathogens, including both viable and nonviable. propidium monoazide (pma) is a membrane-impairment dye that penetrates only membrane-damaged cells. once inside the cell, pma is covalently cross-linked to dna through light photoactivation, and pcr amplification is strongly inhibited. the goal of this study was to evaluate pma-qpcr assays for rapid quantification of viable and heat-tre ... | 2014 | 24781028 |
| transient reporter gene expression in oocysts and sporozoites of cryptosporidium parvum controlled by endogenous promoters. | the apicomplexan protozoan cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric parasite that affects a variety of mammal hosts including humans, and causes serious diarrheal disease in immunocompromised individuals, notably aids patients. despite many advances in the development of transgenic techniques in many protozoan parasites over the past two decades, rare reports have been documented on the genetic manipulation on c. parvum. achievement of the dna-based transfection chiefly depends on the selection of a ... | 2014 | 24768672 |
| genotyping and subtyping cryptosporidium parvum and giardia duodenalis carried by flies on dairy farms in henan, china. | cryptosporidium and giardia are important causes of diarrhea diseases in humans and animals worldwide, and both of them are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, either by direct contact or by the ingestion of contaminated food or water. the role of flies in the mechanical transmission of cryptosporidium and giardia has been receiving increasing attention. to date, no information is available in china about the occurrence of cryptosporidium and giardia in flies. we here investigated cryptosporidi ... | 2014 | 24742088 |
| characterization of a novel otubain-like cysteine protease of cryptosporidium parvum. | otubains are a recently discovered family of cysteine proteases that participate in the ubiquitin pathway. here, we partially characterized the biochemical properties of a cysteine protease of cryptosporidium parvum, which is closely related to otubains. the gene encoding otubain-like cysteine protease of c. parvum (cpotu) contained the aspartate, cysteine and histidine residues that form the catalytic triad of otubains. the modified ubiquitin-associated domain and lxxl motif were identified in ... | 2014 | 24709083 |
| detection and molecular characterization of giardia and cryptosporidium in common dolphins (delphinus delphis) stranded along the galician coast (northwest spain). | the ubiquitous protozoan parasites giardia and cryptosporidium have been detected from many species of captive and free-living wildlife, representing most mammalian orders. twenty species of marine mammals have been reported to inhabit galician waters and the region has one of the highest rates of stranding in europe. evidence from stranding, reported by-catches and sightings, suggests that the common dolphin (delphinus delphis) is the most abundant cetacean on the galician coast (northwest spai ... | 2014 | 24704342 |
| biochemical and functional characterization of cpmuc4, a cryptosporidium surface antigen that binds to host epithelial cells. | cryptosporidium spp. are intracellular apicomplexan parasites that cause outbreaks of waterborne diarrheal disease worldwide. previous studies had identified a cryptosporidium parvum sporozoite antigen, cpmuc4, that appeared to be involved in attachment and invasion of the parasite into intestinal epithelial cells. cpmuc4 is predicted to be o- and n-glycosylated and the antigen exhibits an apparent molecular weight 10kda larger than the antigen expressed in escherichia coli, indicative of post-t ... | 2014 | 24690740 |
| development of an immunomagnetic bead separation-coupled quantitative pcr method for rapid and sensitive detection of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in calf feces. | cattle feces are the environmental vehicle for the zoonotic cryptosporidium oocysts, but there are drawbacks associated with reliability of the existing methods for the detection of oocysts in the feces. quantification of the immunomagnetic bead separation (ims) coupled with real-time taqman pcr (qpcr) was accomplished by comparing the fluorescence signals obtained from the calf fecal samples of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts with those obtained from standard dilutions of c. parvum oocysts. taqm ... | 2014 | 24687282 |
| electrical tweezer for highly parallelized electrorotation measurements over a wide frequency bandwidth. | electrorotation (rot) is a powerful tool for characterizing the dielectric properties of cells and bioparticles. however, its application has been somewhat limited by the need to mitigate disruptions to particle rotation by translation under positive dep and by frictional interactions with the substrate. while these disruptions may be overcome by implementing particle positioning schemes or field cages, these methods restrict the frequency bandwidth to the negative dep range and permit only sing ... | 2014 | 24668830 |
| cryptosporidium parvum-induced ileo-caecal adenocarcinoma and wnt signaling in a mouse model. | cryptosporidium species are apicomplexan protozoans that are found worldwide. these parasites constitute a large risk to human and animal health. they cause self-limited diarrhea in immunocompetent hosts and a life-threatening disease in immunocompromised hosts. interestingly, cryptosporidium parvum has been related to digestive carcinogenesis in humans. consistent with a potential tumorigenic role of this parasite, in an original reproducible animal model of chronic cryptosporidiosis based on d ... | 2014 | 24652769 |
| a cascade-like silicon filter for improved recovery of oocysts from environmental waters. | standard filtration methods have been characterized by poor recoveries when processing large-volume samples of environmental water. a method to pre-remove particulates present in turbid waters would be necessary to enhance recovery of protozoan oocysts. particulate separation can be achieved by the proposed multiplex particle refining (mpr) system. this system employs multiple counter-flow microfiltration units that are arranged into a cascade-like structure. by use of this design, the target oo ... | 2014 | 24645460 |
| efficacy of halofuginone lactate against experimental cryptosporidiosis in goat neonates. | preliminary results obtained in calves, lambs and goat kids infected by cryptosporidium sp. have indicated a partial prophylactic efficacy of halofuginone lactate when administered at 100 μg/kg body weight (bw). in this study, the efficacy of halofuginone lactate was evaluated in goat neonates experimentally inoculated with cryptosporidium parvum oocysts per oral route. the trial consisted in 2 replicated experiments carried out successively at 2 months of interval. twenty-two 2- to 4-day-old ki ... | 2014 | 24636788 |
| validation of fragment analysis by capillary electrophoresis to resolve mixed infections by cryptosporidium parvum subpopulations. | the potential of capillary electrophoresis (ce)-based dna fragment analysis to identify mixed infections by cryptosporidium parvum subpopulations was validated using high-resolution slab-gel electrophoresis. a selection of genomic dna samples from c. parvum isolates with ce electropherogram profiles indicative of two concurrent alleles at one or more of six mini and microsatellite loci (msb, ms5, ml1, ml2, tp14, 5b12) were analysed. these loci were pcr-amplified and products separated on precast ... | 2014 | 24609235 |
| the magnitude and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infection in relation to human immunodeficiency virus infection and immune status, at alert hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and intestinal parasitic infections are among the main health problems in developing countries like ethiopia. particularly, co-infections of these diseases would worsen the progression of hiv to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). the purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude and risk factors for intestinal parasites in relation to hiv infection and immune status. the study was conducted in (1) hiv positive on antiretroviral therapy (art) and ... | 2014 | 24603288 |
| population structure of natural and propagated isolates of cryptosporidium parvum, c. hominis and c. meleagridis. | the three protozoan species cryptosporidium parvum, c. meleagridis and c. hominis (phylum apicomplexa) are enteric pathogens of humans. the former two species are zoonotic and the latter is thought to infect only humans. to better characterize the structure and transmission of natural and laboratory-propagated isolates, we analyzed a collection of archived human and animal isolates of these three species by deep-sequencing polymerase chain reaction products amplified from a polymorphic sequence ... | 2015 | 24593863 |
| longitudinal evaluation of enteric protozoa in haitian children by stool exam and multiplex serologic assay. | haitian children were monitored longitudinally in a filariasis study. included were stool samples examined for giardia intestinalis and entamoeba histolytica cysts, and serum specimens analyzed for immunoglobulin g (igg) responses to eight recombinant antigens from g. intestinalis (variant-specific surface protein [vsp1-vsp5]), e. histolytica (lectin adhesion molecule [leca]), and cryptosporidium parvum (17- and 27-kda) using a multiplex bead assay. the igg responses to vsp antigens peaked at 2 ... | 2014 | 24591430 |
| apolipoprotein e plays a key role against cryptosporidial infection in transgenic undernourished mice. | apolipoliprotein e (apoe), a critical targeting protein in lipid homeostasis, has been found to have immunoinflammatory effects on murine models of infection and malnutrition. the effects of apoe in undernourished and cryptosporidium parvum-infected mice have not been investigated. in order to study the role of apoe in a model of c. parvum infection, we used the following c57bl6j mouse genetic strains: apoe-deficient, wild-type controls, and apoe targeted replacement (tr) mice expressing human a ... | 2014 | 24586873 |
| cryptosporidium parvum iid family: clonal population and dispersal from western asia to other geographical regions. | in this study, 111 cryptosporidium parvum iid isolates from several species of animals in china, sweden, and egypt were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (mlst). one to eleven subtypes were detected at each of the 12 microsatellite, minisatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) loci, forming 25 mlst subtypes. host-adaptation and significant geographical segregation were both observed in the mlst subtypes. a clonal population structure was seen in c. parvum iid isolates from china ... | 2014 | 24572610 |
| adaptation and immunogenicity of cryptosporidium parvum to immunocompetent mice. | the adaptation and immunogenisity of cryptosporidium parvum isolated from siberian chipmunks (sc1 strain) in immunocompetent (icr) mice were examined. the oocysts were received to the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mice by repeated passage. the oocysts collected from the 18th scid mice were inoculated to 5 icr mice. the mice began to shed oocysts from 6 days after inoculation, the patency was 5 days, and the maximum oocysts per gram of feces (opg) value was 10(4). the maximum of opg val ... | 2014 | 24570067 |
| cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. (apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in hedgehogs. | the morphological, biological, and molecular characteristics of cryptosporidium hedgehog genotype are described, and the species name cryptosporidium erinacei n. sp. is proposed to reflect its specificity for hedgehogs under natural and experimental conditions. oocysts of c. erinacei are morphologically indistinguishable from cryptosporidium parvum, measuring 4.5-5.8 μm (mean=4.9 μm) × 4.0-4.8 μm (mean=4.4 μm) with a length to width ratio of 1.13 (1.02-1.35) (n=100). oocysts of c. erinacei obtai ... | 2014 | 24529828 |
| recovery of cryptosporidium and giardia organisms from surface water by counter-flow refining microfiltration. | as waterborne parasitic cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis outbreaks continue globally, monitoring of cryptosporidium parvum and giardia lamblia in surface water continues to be challenging. lack of non-clogging and high-efficiency methods for recovery of c. parvum oocysts and g. lamblia cysts in environmental water strongly limits the sensitivity of detection methods for these protozoan organisms. in this work, the counter-flow micro-refinery (cfmr) system was developed by employing the novel cou ... | 2014 | 24527615 |
| potent and selective inhibitors of cdpk1 from t. gondii and c. parvum based on a 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide scaffold. | 5-aminopyrazole-4-carboxamide was used as an alternative scaffold to substitute for the pyrazolopyrimidine of a known "bumped kinase inhibitor" to create selective inhibitors of calcium-dependent protein kinase-1 from both toxoplasma gondii and cryptosporidium parvum. compounds with low nanomolar inhibitory potencies against the target enzymes were obtained. the most selective inhibitors also exhibited submicromolar activities in t. gondii cell proliferation assays and were shown to be non-toxic ... | 2014 | 24494061 |
| cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtypes in dairy cattle from buenos aires, argentina. | cryptosporidium parvum from 73 dairy calves less than two months old from buenos aires province (argentina) were molecularly characterized using sequence analysis of the gp60 gene. seventy-five sequences were obtained, and seven different subtypes were identified, all belonging to the iia subtype family. the most common subtypes were iiaa20g1r1 (27/75), iiaa22g1r1 (16/75), and iiaa18g1r1 (13/75). subtypes iiaa21g1r1, iiaa23g1r1, iiaa16g1r1 and iiaa19g1r1 were found sporadically. two samples cont ... | 2014 | 24480390 |
| characterization of biochemical properties of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase of cryptosporidium parvum. | glutathione peroxidase (gpx; ec 1.11.1.9) is an important antioxidant enzyme that catalyses the reduction of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to water in oxygen-consuming organisms, using glutathione as an electron donor. here, we report the characterization of a gpx of cryptosporidium parvum (cpgpx). cpgpx contained a standard ugu codon for cysteine instead of a uga opal codon for seleno-cysteine (secys) at the active site, and no secys insertion sequence (secis) motif was identified within ... | 2014 | 24477026 |
| sclerosing cholangitis by cytomegalovirus in highly active antiretroviral therapy era. | sclerosing cholangitis (sc) due to cytomegalovirus (cmv) is very rare. it has been described mainly in immunocompromised patients. currently, in hiv infected patients it is exceptional. the most of cases belong to pre-highly active antiretroviral therapy (pre-haart) and those cases were in stage aids with less than 100 cd4/ microl. the most frequently involved pathogen in pre-haart period was cryptosporidium parvum (30-57 %) and cmv (10-30 %); in late haart period this information are unaware. c ... | 2013 | 24467502 |
| bioaccumulation and elimination of cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in experimentally exposed eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) held in static tank aquaria. | a variety of human enteropathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites, have been shown to bioaccumulate in suspension-feeding bivalve shellfish. cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that has been detected in many shellfish species within both fecally contaminated and clean oyster growing areas across the globe. for this study, c. parvum oocysts (1000 and 10,000) were spiked into 10 l of water in static tank systems housing crassostrea virginica. oysters were either he ... | 2014 | 24412961 |
| intestinal cd103+ dendritic cells are key players in the innate immune control of cryptosporidium parvum infection in neonatal mice. | cryptosporidium parvum is a zoonotic protozoan parasite found worldwide, that develops only in the gastrointestinal epithelium and causes profuse diarrhea. using a mouse model of c. parvum infection, we demonstrated by conditional depletion of cd11c+ cells that these cells are essential for the control of the infection both in neonates and adults. neonates are highly susceptible to c. parvum but the infection is self-limited, whereas adults are resistant unless immunocompromised. we investigated ... | 2013 | 24367259 |
| glycoprotein 60 diversity in cryptosporidium parvum causing human and cattle cryptosporidiosis in the rural region of northern tunisia. | the zoonotic potential of cryptosporidium parvum was studied in an extensive cattle farming region of northern tunisia. seventy fecal samples from pre-weaning calves and 403 fecal samples from children were examined by microscopy after modified ziehl-neelsen (mzn) staining. positive cryptosporidium specimens were identified at a species level using an 18s rrna nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by an restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. c. parvum isolates were s ... | 2014 | 24343888 |
| triple protozoal enteropathy of the small intestine in an immunocompromised male: a rare histopathology report. | enteric protozoan parasites remain the most commonly encountered parasitic diseases in hiv infected patients. opportunistic protozoal infections that infect git most commonly and cause diarrhea in hiv-infected patients are cryptosporidium parvum, microsporidia and isospora belli. developing an infection with enteric protozoan parasites is dependent on absolute cd4+ cell counts, with lower counts associated with more severe, more atypical disease, and a greater risk of disseminated disease. we pr ... | 2013 | 24339463 |
| cryptosporidium parvum genotype iia and giardia duodenalis assemblage a in mytilus galloprovincialis on sale at local food markets. | to date, there has been no study to establish the genotypic or subgenotypic identities of cryptosporidium and giardia in edible shellfish. here, we explored the genetic composition of these protists in mytilus galloprovincialis (mediterranean mussel) purchased from three markets in the city of foggia, italy, from may to december 2012. samples from the digestive glands, gills and haemolymph were tested by nested pcr, targeting dna regions within the 60 kda glycoprotein (gp60) gene of cryptosporid ... | 2014 | 24334090 |
| multiplication of the waterborne pathogen cryptosporidium parvum in an aquatic biofilm system. | in natural aquatic environments biofilms are known to act as environmental reservoirs for cryptosporidium parvum oocysts. however, the fate of these oocysts within biofilms has yet to be determined. | 2013 | 24330483 |
| isolation and amplification of mrna within a simple microfluidic lab on a chip. | the major modules for realizing molecular biological assays in a micro-total analysis system (μtas) were developed for the detection of pathogenic organisms. the specific focus was the isolation and amplification of eukaryotic mrna within a simple, single-channel device for very low rna concentrations that could then be integrated with detection modules. the hsp70 mrna from cryptosporidium parvum was used as a model analyte. important points of study were surface chemistries within poly(methyl m ... | 2014 | 24328414 |
| second outbreak of infection with a rare cryptosporidium parvum genotype in schoolchildren associated with contact with lambs/goat kids at a holiday farm in norway. | in march 2012, a second outbreak of cryptosporidium parvum affected children following a stay at a holiday farm in norway; the first outbreak occurred in 2009. we studied a cohort of 145 schoolchildren who had visited the farm, of which 40 (28%) were cases. cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in faecal samples from humans, goat kids and lambs. molecular studies revealed c. parvum subtype iia a19g1r1 in all samples including human samples from the 2009 outbreak. a dose-response relationship was ... | 2014 | 24308502 |
| dendritic cells play a role in host susceptibility to cryptosporidium parvum infection. | our previous studies have described dendritic cells (dcs) to be important sources of th1 cytokines such as il-12 and il-2 in vitro, following stimulation with cryptosporidium parvum antigens. we further established the role of dcs during cryptosporidiosis using a diphtheria toxin promoter regulated transgenic cd11c-dtr/egfp mouse model. in vivo depletion of cd11c(+) cells in cd11c-dtr-tg mice significantly increased susceptibility to c. parvum infection. adoptive transfer of unstimulated or anti ... | 2014 | 24295591 |
| amelioration of cryptosporidium parvum infection in vitro and in vivo by targeting parasite fatty acyl-coenzyme a synthetases. | cryptosporidium is emerging as 1 of the 4 leading diarrheal pathogens in children in developing countries. its infections in patients with aids can be fatal, whereas fully effective treatments are unavailable. the major goal of this study is to explore parasite fatty acyl-coenzyme a synthetase (acs) as a novel drug target. | 2014 | 24273180 |
| comparative study between the effect of nitazoxanide and paromomycine in treatment of cryptosporidiosis in hospitalized children. | ninety children infected with cryptosporidium parvum attending al-azhar university teaching hospital (assuit) were chosen (60 males & 30 females) with age range from 6 months to ten years. the patients were divided into two groups of 45 patients for each (g1 & g2). all patients suffered from chronic diarrhea for more than fifteen days. cross-matched 45 children suffering from chronic diarrhea were used as a control group (g3). stool samples were collected and examined for detection of cryptospor ... | 2013 | 24260825 |