| a pharmacodynamic analysis of resistance trends in pathogens from patients with infection in intensive care units in the united states between 1993 and 2004. | increasing nosocomial pathogen resistance to available antimicrobial agents is of growing concern. while higher mics can diminish antimicrobial effectiveness, dose adjustments often mitigate this effect. this study's objective was to ascertain whether mics among major pathogens in the icu to several commonly used agents have increased enough to significantly impact their ability to achieve bactericidal effect. | 2007 | 17908321 |
| [molecular fingerprint of bacterial communities and 16s rdna intra-species heterogeneity: a pitfall that should be considered]. | molecular fingerprinting methods are currently used to study microbial communities by culture independent approaches. they are proposed as identification tool owing to the availability of rapid automated methods. the 16s rrna gene (16s rdna) is an efficient marker for bacterial identification and microbial communities analysis. however, the 16s rdna polymorphism among strains of the same species is an underestimated pitfall of the fingerprinting approaches. | 2007 | 17913388 |
| preoperative sterilization and disinfection of drill guide templates. | the aim of the in vitro study was to evaluate the decontamination potential of common antiseptic solutions for heat-sensitive implantological drill guide templates. one hundred implantologists were evaluated on the basis of a questionnaire for their measures of disinfection. on the basis of these results, 80% alcohol, octenidine 0.1%, and chlorhexidine 0.12% were tested in an in vitro model for their decontamination efficacy for heat-sensitive plastic material infected with pseudomonas aeruginos ... | 2008 | 17917747 |
| complex clonal and plasmid epidemiology in the first outbreak of enterobacteriaceae infection involving vim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in spain: toward endemicity? | we report the emergence and spread of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) among enterobacterial isolates at ramón y cajal university hospital (madrid, spain). | 2007 | 17918078 |
| carbapenemases: molecular diversity and clinical consequences. | carbapenemases are beta-lactamases that hydrolyze most beta-lactams including carbapenems. carbapenemases are classified in four molecular classes; those belonging to class a are the chromosomally-encoded and clavulanic acid-inhibited imi, nmc-a and sme, identified in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens; the plasmid-encoded kpc enzymes identified in enterobacteriaceae (and rarely in pseudomonas aeruginosa); and the ges-type enzymes identified in enterobacteriaceae and p. aeruginosa. the ... | 2007 | 17927473 |
| genotypic and phenotypic analysis of enterobacter sakazakii strains from an outbreak resulting in fatalities in a neonatal intensive care unit in france. | in 1994, an outbreak of enterobacter sakazakii infections occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit in france from 5 may to 11 july. during the outbreak, 13 neonates were infected with e. sakazakii, resulting in 3 deaths. in addition, four symptomless neonates were colonized by e. sakazakii. the strains were subjected to 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and phenotyped for a range of enzyme activities. e. sakazakii was isolated from various anato ... | 2007 | 17928419 |
| molecular epidemiology of two klebsiella pneumoniae mastitis outbreaks on a dairy farm in new york state. | klebsiella spp. have become an important cause of clinical mastitis in dairy cows in new york state. we describe the occurrence of two klebsiella mastitis outbreaks on a single dairy farm. klebsiella isolates from milk, feces, and environmental sources were compared using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-pcr typing. the first mastitis outbreak was caused by a single strain of klebsiella pneumoniae, rapd type a, which was detected in milk from eight cows. rapd type a was also isolated from ... | 2007 | 17928424 |
| production of eight different hydride complexes and nitrite release from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by yarrowia lipolytica. | 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) transformation by the yeast strain yarrowia lipolytica an-l15 was shown to occur via two different pathways. direct aromatic ring reduction was the predominant mechanism of tnt transformation, while nitro group reduction was observed to be a minor pathway. although growth of y. lipolytica an-l15 was inhibited initially in the presence of tnt, tnt transformation was observed, indicating that the enzymes necessary for tnt reduction were present initially. aromatic ring ... | 2007 | 17933928 |
| biochemical reference intervals and intestinal microflora of free-ranging ricord's iguanas (cyclura ricordii). | caribbean iguanas, including the ricord's iguana (cyclura ricordii) are ranked as critically endangered on the international union of the conservation of nature (iucn) red list. the taxon is endemic to hispaniola, where it inhabits xeric lowlands and is found in a very limited range in two subpopulations in the southwestern area of the island. the goals of this study were to obtain and analyze plasma biochemical and intestinal microbiological data from ricord's iguanas in the subpopulation of th ... | 2007 | 17939350 |
| an "epidemic" of post cataract surgery endophthalmitis by a new organism. | we report a case series of endophthalmitis by an organism hitherto not reported in the eye. nineteen of 63 cataract patients operated in a high-volume setup were urgently referred to us with acute onset of decreased vision one to two days following cataract surgery. all patients had clinical evidence of acute endophthalmitis with severe anterior chamber exudative reaction. vitreous tap was done in three representative patients and repeated intravitreal injections were given as per established pr ... | 2007 | 17951908 |
| a bacterial population study of commercialized wastewater inoculants. | to assess the bacterial diversity and safety of wastewater inoculants, which are commercially available products used to improve the aerobic digestion processes of the domestic waste compost in the septic tank. | 2007 | 17953611 |
| [pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance analysis in burns department]. | to study the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacterium and find the proper measures of infection control. | 2007 | 17953837 |
| a new method to extract dental pulp dna: application to universal detection of bacteria. | dental pulp is used for pcr-based detection of dna derived from host and bacteremic microorganims. current protocols require odontology expertise for proper recovery of the dental pulp. dental pulp specimen exposed to laboratory environment yields contaminants detected using universal 16s rdna-based detection of bacteria. | 2007 | 17957246 |
| broad-host-range yersinia phage py100: genome sequence, proteome analysis of virions, and dna packaging strategy. | py100 is a lytic bacteriophage with a broad host range within the genus yersinia. the phage forms plaques on strains of the three human pathogenic species yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. pestis at 37 degrees c. py100 was isolated from farm manure and intended to be used in phage therapy trials. py100 has an icosahedral capsid containing double-stranded dna and a contractile tail. the genome consists of 50,291 bp and is predicted to contain 93 open reading frames (orfs). py ... | 2008 | 17965162 |
| broad-host-range yersinia phage py100: genome sequence, proteome analysis of virions, and dna packaging strategy. | py100 is a lytic bacteriophage with a broad host range within the genus yersinia. the phage forms plaques on strains of the three human pathogenic species yersinia enterocolitica, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. pestis at 37 degrees c. py100 was isolated from farm manure and intended to be used in phage therapy trials. py100 has an icosahedral capsid containing double-stranded dna and a contractile tail. the genome consists of 50,291 bp and is predicted to contain 93 open reading frames (orfs). py ... | 2008 | 17965162 |
| species interactions in mixed-community crystalline biofilms on urinary catheters. | previous experimental investigations of the crystalline biofilms that colonize and block urinary catheters have focussed on their formation by pure cultures of proteus mirabilis. in the urine of patients undergoing long-term catheterization, p. mirabilis is commonly found in mixed communities with other urinary tract pathogens. little is known about the effect that the other species have on the rate at which p. mirabilis encrusts catheters. in the present study, a set of data on the nature of th ... | 2007 | 17965358 |
| inhibitory effect of gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms against helicobacter pylori clinical isolates. | to determine the in vitro inhibitory effect of several gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms against helicobacter pylori clinical isolates. | 2008 | 17965421 |
| detection, isolation, and identification of cadmium-resistant bacteria based on pcr-dgge. | this study focused on the screening of cadmium-resistant bacterial strains from pb-zn tailing. we investigated the diversity of microbial community inhabiting dong-san-cha pb-zn tailing in beijing, china, by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) of 16s rrna gene of bacterial strain, and found two dominant strains in the dgge profile. using special culture media, we isolated two strong cadmium-resistant bacterial strains. on the basis of morphological, physiolog ... | 2007 | 17966518 |
| composition of intestinal enterobacteriaceae populations of healthy domestic pigs. | in this study, the enterobacteriaceae microbiota, including their diversity as well as the distribution of haemolytic and virulence gene-harbouring escherichia coli of 56-day-old healthy piglets, was characterized. both the composition and the diversity of enterobacteriaceae populations varied considerably between individual pigs and intestinal sections. e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae dominated the enterobacteriaceae microbiota. however, mucosa-asso ... | 2007 | 17975092 |
| multicenter evaluation of the candida albicans/candida glabrata peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization method for simultaneous dual-color identification of c. albicans and c. glabrata directly from blood culture bottles. | we evaluated the performance of the candida albicans/candida glabrata peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (pna fish) method, a rapid two-color assay for detection of c. albicans and c. glabrata, in a multicenter study. the assay is designed for use directly from positive blood culture bottles in a fish format. intact, fixed cells are labeled fluorescent green (c. albicans) or fluorescent red (c. glabrata) by rrna hybridization of fluorophore-labeled pna probes. results are ava ... | 2008 | 17977998 |
| multicenter evaluation of the candida albicans/candida glabrata peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization method for simultaneous dual-color identification of c. albicans and c. glabrata directly from blood culture bottles. | we evaluated the performance of the candida albicans/candida glabrata peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (pna fish) method, a rapid two-color assay for detection of c. albicans and c. glabrata, in a multicenter study. the assay is designed for use directly from positive blood culture bottles in a fish format. intact, fixed cells are labeled fluorescent green (c. albicans) or fluorescent red (c. glabrata) by rrna hybridization of fluorophore-labeled pna probes. results are ava ... | 2008 | 17977998 |
| the amino acid valine is secreted in continuous-flow bacterial biofilms. | biofilms are structured communities characterized by distinctive gene expression patterns and profound physiological changes compared to those of planktonic cultures. here, we show that many gram-negative bacterial biofilms secrete high levels of a small-molecular-weight compound, which inhibits the growth of only escherichia coli k-12 and a rare few other natural isolates. we demonstrate both genetically and biochemically that this molecule is the amino acid valine, and we provide evidence that ... | 2008 | 17981982 |
| the amino acid valine is secreted in continuous-flow bacterial biofilms. | biofilms are structured communities characterized by distinctive gene expression patterns and profound physiological changes compared to those of planktonic cultures. here, we show that many gram-negative bacterial biofilms secrete high levels of a small-molecular-weight compound, which inhibits the growth of only escherichia coli k-12 and a rare few other natural isolates. we demonstrate both genetically and biochemically that this molecule is the amino acid valine, and we provide evidence that ... | 2008 | 17981982 |
| serum bactericidal activities of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against aerobic and anaerobic intra-abdominal pathogens. | we studied the serum bactericidal activity (sba) of moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against common pathogens associated with complicated intra-abdominal infections. ten healthy volunteers received a single dose of moxifloxacin (400 mg) and levofloxacin (750 mg) and serum samples were collected at 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h after the dose of each drug. bactericidal titers in serum over time were determined for aerobic gram-negative bacilli (escherichia coli, klebseilla pneumoniae, and enterobacter cloaca ... | 2008 | 17983770 |
| respiratory deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 (dmbt1) levels increase during lung maturation and infection. | deleted in malignant brain tumours 1 (dmbt1) is a secreted scavenger receptor cysteine-rich protein that binds and aggregates various bacteria and viruses in vitro. studies in adults have shown that dmbt1 is expressed mainly by mucosal epithelia and glands, in particular within the respiratory tract, and plays a role in innate immune defence. we hypothesized that respiratory dmbt1 levels may be influenced by various developmental and clinical factors such as maturity, age and bacterial infection ... | 2008 | 17991292 |
| fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis in a cardiac transplantation with seropositive match for toxoplasma: should prophylaxis be extended? | in cardiac transplant, toxoplasmosis in the immunocompromised recipient can result either from the transmission of the parasite from a seropositive donor (d+) to a seronegative recipient (r-) with the transplanted organ (more common) or from the reactivation of a pre-transplant latent infection (d-/r+ or d+/r+). in the immunocompromised patient, toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening disease. we report a case of disseminated toxoplasmosis following heart transplantation in a toxoplasma seropositive ... | 2007 | 18005867 |
| the structures of pyruvate oxidase from aerococcus viridans with cofactors and with a reaction intermediate reveal the flexibility of the active-site tunnel for catalysis. | the crystal structures of pyruvate oxidase from aerococcus viridans (avpox) complexed with flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), with fad and thiamine diphosphate (thdp) and with fad and the 2-acetyl-thdp intermediate (acthdp) have been determined at 1.6, 1.8 and 1.9 a resolution, respectively. each subunit of the homotetrameric avpox enzyme consists of three domains, as observed in other thdp-dependent enzymes. fad is bound within one subunit in the elongated conformation and with the flavin moiet ... | 2007 | 18007037 |
| amino acids that confer transport of raffinose and maltose sugars in the raffinose permease (rafb) of escherichia coli as implicated by spontaneous mutations at val-35, ser-138, ser-139, gly-389 and ile-391. | in order to identify amino acid residues in the escherichia coli raffinose-h(+) permease (rafb) that play a role in sugar selection and transport, we first incubated e. coli hs4006 containing plasmid pru600 (expresses inducible raffinose permease and alpha-galactosidase) on maltose macconkey indicator plates overnight. initially, all colonies were white, indicating no fermentation of maltose. upon further incubation, 100 mutants appeared red. pru600 dna was prepared from 55 mutants. five mutants ... | 2007 | 18008022 |
| interrupted time series analysis of vancomycin compared to cefuroxime for surgical prophylaxis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. | the increased incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), the emergence of community-acquired mrsa, and the continued high incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis have required that certain institutions choose vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis. however, the data supporting the use of vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis are controversial. the purpose of this project was to assess the effect of the change from cefuroxime to vancomycin for surgical site ... | 2008 | 18025116 |
| interrupted time series analysis of vancomycin compared to cefuroxime for surgical prophylaxis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. | the increased incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), the emergence of community-acquired mrsa, and the continued high incidence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis have required that certain institutions choose vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis. however, the data supporting the use of vancomycin for surgical prophylaxis are controversial. the purpose of this project was to assess the effect of the change from cefuroxime to vancomycin for surgical site ... | 2008 | 18025116 |
| nationwide study of the prevalence, characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in france. | among 10,872 isolates of enterobacteriaceae from a nationwide study of 88 french hospitals in 2005, 169 (1.7%) expressed an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. the most prevalent species were escherichia coli (48.5%), enterobacter aerogenes (23.7%), and klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%). molecular analysis underlined the polyclonal spread of ctx-m-expressing e. coli, primarily isolates of the ctx-m-1 subgroup. | 2008 | 18025119 |
| nationwide study of the prevalence, characteristics, and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in france. | among 10,872 isolates of enterobacteriaceae from a nationwide study of 88 french hospitals in 2005, 169 (1.7%) expressed an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. the most prevalent species were escherichia coli (48.5%), enterobacter aerogenes (23.7%), and klebsiella pneumoniae (14.8%). molecular analysis underlined the polyclonal spread of ctx-m-expressing e. coli, primarily isolates of the ctx-m-1 subgroup. | 2008 | 18025119 |
| in vitro activities of 'new' and 'conventional' antibiotics against multi-drug resistant gram negative bacteria from patients in the intensive care unit. | to identify and collect clinical isolates of multi-drug resistant gram negative bacteria and to perform antimicrobial susceptibility testing using an extended panel of antibiotics including tigecycline, colistin, aztreonam, piperacillin/tazobactam and ampicillin/sulbactam. | 2007 | 18027263 |
| prevalence of qnr genes among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacterial isolates in barcelona, spain. | to evaluate the presence of qnr genes among enterobacterial isolates carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in barcelona, spain. | 2008 | 18029415 |
| saturation mutagenesis of asn152 reveals a substrate selectivity switch in p99 cephalosporinase. | in class c beta-lactamases, the strictly conserved asn152 forms part of an extended active-site hydrogen-bonding network. to probe its role in catalysis, all 19 mutants of enterobacter cloacae p99 cephalosporinase asn152 were simultaneously constructed and screened in escherichia coli for their in vivo activity. the screen identified the previously uncharacterized mutants asn152ser, asn152thr, and asn152gly, which possess significant activity and altered substrate selectivity. in vitro measureme ... | 2007 | 18029418 |
| gram-negative bacillary community acquired meningitis is not a rare entity in last two decades. | the aim of this short note is to assess gram-negative bacillary community acquired meningitis (cbm) and nosocomial meningitis (nm) within 17 years nationwide survey. all cases of gram-negative bacillary cbm within 1990-2007 were assessed in national database of 372 patients with bacterial meningitis: 69 of gram-negative cases were nosocomial and 24 of gram-negative meningitis cases were cbm. those 24 cases were compared with all cbm (201 cases) for risk factors and outcome. among nosocomial gram ... | 2007 | 18030268 |
| in vitro activities of tigecycline combined with other antimicrobials against multiresistant gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. | to test the activity of tigecycline combined with 16 antimicrobials in vitro against 22 gram-positive and 55 gram-negative clinical isolates. | 2008 | 18033780 |
| application of clindamycin in therapy of orthopaedic infections with special regard to applicability in outpatients practice. | background. there is presented the applicability of clindamycin alone or combined with chinolon group antibiotics in therapy of orthopaedic infections. <br /> material and methods. in the period 1998-2002 a group of 47 patients underwent therepy due to soft tisue infection within extremities (9 patients), osteomyelitis (30) and periprosthetic infection (8). in 21 cases there was acute (within 1 month) and in 26 cases chronic infection. etiologicaf factors include: staphylococcus aureus (35), aci ... | 2004 | 18033993 |
| first report of qnrb-producing enterobacter cloacae and qnra-producing acinetobacter baumannii recovered from algerian hospitals. | two isolates of enterobacter cloacae and 1 isolate of acinetobacter baumannii showing a multidrug resistance phenotype including resistance to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones were included in this study. by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing, the 2 isolates of e. cloacae were found to produce qnrb and the a. baumannii isolate was found to produce qnra. in addition, the 2 e. cloacae isolates were found to produce ctx-m-15. | 2008 | 18036760 |
| a model of bacterial intestinal infections in drosophila melanogaster. | serratia marcescens is an entomopathogenic bacterium that opportunistically infects a wide range of hosts, including humans. in a model of septic injury, if directly introduced into the body cavity of drosophila, this pathogen is insensitive to the host's systemic immune response and kills flies in a day. we find that s. marcescens resistance to the drosophila immune deficiency (imd)-mediated humoral response requires the bacterial lipopolysaccharide o-antigen. if ingested by drosophila, bacteri ... | 2007 | 18039029 |
| application of a microsphere-based array for rapid identification of acinetobacter spp. with distinct antimicrobial susceptibilities. | acinetobacter spp. have emerged as important nosocomial and multidrug-resistant pathogens in the last decade. a. calcoaceticus, a. baumannii, acinetobacter genospecies 3, and acinetobacter genospecies 13tu are genetically closely related and are referred to as the a. calcoaceticus-a. baumannii complex (acb complex). distinct acinetobacter spp. may be associated with differences in antimicrobial susceptibility, so it is important to identify acinetobacter spp. at the species level. we developed a ... | 2008 | 18039798 |
| application of a microsphere-based array for rapid identification of acinetobacter spp. with distinct antimicrobial susceptibilities. | acinetobacter spp. have emerged as important nosocomial and multidrug-resistant pathogens in the last decade. a. calcoaceticus, a. baumannii, acinetobacter genospecies 3, and acinetobacter genospecies 13tu are genetically closely related and are referred to as the a. calcoaceticus-a. baumannii complex (acb complex). distinct acinetobacter spp. may be associated with differences in antimicrobial susceptibility, so it is important to identify acinetobacter spp. at the species level. we developed a ... | 2008 | 18039798 |
| expanded-spectrum beta-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. | | 2007 | 18044054 |
| phylogenetic analysis of shiga toxin 1 and shiga toxin 2 genes associated with disease outbreaks. | shiga toxins 1 and 2 (stx1 and stx2) are bacteriophage-encoded proteins that have been associated with hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and other severe disease conditions. stx1 and stx2 are genetically and immunologically distinct but share the same compound toxin structure, method of entry and enzymatic function. | 2007 | 18053224 |
| biliary tract infection and bacteraemia: presentation, structural abnormalities, causative organisms and clinical outcomes. | biliary tract infection is a common cause of bacteraemia and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. few papers describe blood culture isolates, underlying structural abnormalities and clinical outcomes in patients with bacteraemia. | 2007 | 18057178 |
| colistin in combination with rifampin and imipenem for treating a blavim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae disseminated infection in a liver transplant patient. | a case of bla(vim-1) producing e. cloacae disseminated infection in a patient submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation is described. synergism between colistin, rifampin and imipenem was studied in vitro and this combination of three drugs was used to treat e. cloacae infection. the synergistic activity of this combination was demonstrated showing an increased activity of the serum bactericidal activity in comparison with the bactericidal activity of the serum taken during the previous ther ... | 2008 | 18059255 |
| [epidemiology and susceptibility profile of blood culture isolates in an intensive care unit (2002-2005)]. | the aim of our study was to determine the epidemiological profile and the antibiotics susceptibility of bacteria identified in blood culture in the intensive care unit, to improve empirical antibiotherapy. | 2008 | 18065180 |
| carbohydrate and ethane release with erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum--induced necrosis. | erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum, also known as e. betavasculorum and pectobacterium betavasculorum, is a soil bacterium that has the capacity to cause root rot necrosis of sugarbeets. the qualitatively different pathogenicity exhibited by the virulent e. carotovora strain and two avirulent strains, a citrobacter sp. and an enterobacter cloacae, was examined using digital analysis of photographic evidence of necrosis as well as for carbohydrate, ethane, and ethylene release compared ... | 2008 | 18066619 |
| hepatic gas gangrene following orthotopic liver transplantation: three cases treated with re-transplantation and a review of the literature. | gas gangrene is a rare and devastating infectious process that can occur after liver transplantation, most often following hepatic artery thrombosis. we here report 3 cases of gas gangrene following orthotopic liver transplantation. blood cultures were positive for clostridium clostridiiforme in one case. in 2 other cases liver tissue from explanted specimens was positive for enterobacter cloacae. ultrasound demonstrated hepatic artery thrombosis and computed tomography imaging revealed diffuse ... | 2008 | 18069931 |
| enterobacter sakazakii invasion in human intestinal caco-2 cells requires the host cell cytoskeleton and is enhanced by disruption of tight junction. | enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes systemic bacteremia and meningitis with high mortality, and powdered infant formula is a frequent source of this bacterium. however, the mechanisms that this organism uses to invade and translocate through the intestinal barrier are unknown. using caco-2 epithelial cells, we were able to demonstrate penetration of e. sakazakii and to determine invasion-associated properties. we found that e. sakazakii entry and invasion were depende ... | 2008 | 18070906 |
| enterobacter sakazakii invasion in human intestinal caco-2 cells requires the host cell cytoskeleton and is enhanced by disruption of tight junction. | enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes systemic bacteremia and meningitis with high mortality, and powdered infant formula is a frequent source of this bacterium. however, the mechanisms that this organism uses to invade and translocate through the intestinal barrier are unknown. using caco-2 epithelial cells, we were able to demonstrate penetration of e. sakazakii and to determine invasion-associated properties. we found that e. sakazakii entry and invasion were depende ... | 2008 | 18070906 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of cad-1, a chromosomally encoded new class a penicillinase from carnobacterium divergens. | carnobacterium divergens clinical isolates bm4489 and bm4490 were resistant to penicillins but remained susceptible to combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and piperacillin-tazobactam. cloning and sequencing of the responsible determinant from bm4489 revealed a coding sequence of 912 bp encoding a class a beta-lactamase named cad-1. the bla(cad-1) gene was assigned to a chromosomal location in the two strains that had distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. cad-1 shared 53% an ... | 2008 | 18070972 |
| genetic and biochemical characterization of cad-1, a chromosomally encoded new class a penicillinase from carnobacterium divergens. | carnobacterium divergens clinical isolates bm4489 and bm4490 were resistant to penicillins but remained susceptible to combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and piperacillin-tazobactam. cloning and sequencing of the responsible determinant from bm4489 revealed a coding sequence of 912 bp encoding a class a beta-lactamase named cad-1. the bla(cad-1) gene was assigned to a chromosomal location in the two strains that had distinct pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. cad-1 shared 53% an ... | 2008 | 18070972 |
| chemical kinetic and molecular genetic study of selenium oxyanion reduction by enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1. | microbial processes play an important role in the redox transformations of toxic selenium oxyanions. in this study, we employed chemical kinetic and molecular genetic techniques to investigate the mechanisms of se(iv) and se-(vi) reduction by the facultative anaerobe enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1. the rates of microbial selenium oxyanion reduction were measured as a function of initial selenium oxyanion concentration (0-1.0 mm) and temperature (10-40 degrees c), and mutagenesis studies were perfo ... | 2007 | 18075090 |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | | 2008 | 18086818 |
| sensing gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a human disease determinant? | | 2008 | 18086818 |
| emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy for infections caused by enterobacteriaceae producing ampc beta-lactamase: implications for antibiotic use. | enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and morganella morganii are characterized by chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamases and possess the ability to develop resistance upon exposure to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. to determine the incidences of the emergence of resistance during antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by these organisms and the effect of the emergence of resistance on patient outcomes, all patients who were admitted to the asan medical center (s ... | 2008 | 18086837 |
| emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy for infections caused by enterobacteriaceae producing ampc beta-lactamase: implications for antibiotic use. | enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and morganella morganii are characterized by chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamases and possess the ability to develop resistance upon exposure to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. to determine the incidences of the emergence of resistance during antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by these organisms and the effect of the emergence of resistance on patient outcomes, all patients who were admitted to the asan medical center (s ... | 2008 | 18086837 |
| induction of l1 and l2 beta-lactamases of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | isogenic l1 and l2 gene knockout mutants of stenotrophomonas maltophilia kj (kjdeltal1 and kjdeltal2, respectively) were constructed by xyle gene replacement. induction kinetics of the l1 and l2 genes were evaluated by testing catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the mutants. the results suggested that the induction of the l1 and l2 genes was differentially regulated. | 2008 | 18086856 |
| induction of l1 and l2 beta-lactamases of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | isogenic l1 and l2 gene knockout mutants of stenotrophomonas maltophilia kj (kjdeltal1 and kjdeltal2, respectively) were constructed by xyle gene replacement. induction kinetics of the l1 and l2 genes were evaluated by testing catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity in the mutants. the results suggested that the induction of the l1 and l2 genes was differentially regulated. | 2008 | 18086856 |
| in vitro activity of isepamicin and other aminoglycosides against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial bloodstream infections. | isepamicin is a newly introduced aminoglycoside in taiwan. since in vitro data for isepamicin against nosocomial gram-negative bloodstream infection from taiwan are limited, we compared the activity of isepamicin, amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin against nosocomial gram-negative blood isolates. | 2007 | 18087627 |
| distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 1995 to 1998 and 2001 to 2006 at a university hospital in south korea and identification of conjugative plasmids mediating dissemination of 16s rrna methylase. | the distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae collected between 1995 and 1998 and between 2001 and 2006 at a university hospital in south korea was examined, and conjugative plasmids carrying the 16s rrna methylase genes were characterized by pcr-based replicon typing and by determination of their antimicrobial resistance pattern. among the 7,127 isolates, 463 isolates showed a high level of resistance to amikacin, and 218 o ... | 2008 | 18094126 |
| [a case of sepsis caused by enterobacter cloacae producing both type shv-12 and type ctx-m-14 esbls in a post bone-marrow transplantation patient]. | third-generation cephalosporin-resistant enterobacter cloacae was isolated from the blood culture of a 31-year-old woman after bone-marrow transplantation. since this strain was resistant to third-generation cephalosporins, the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) was suspected. pcr and a sequence analysis confirmed two esbl genes, bla(shv-12) and bla(ctx-m-14). no bacteria were detected after meropenem was administered, and symptoms abated. this is, to our knowledge, the firs ... | 2007 | 18095477 |
| microbiological surveillance and parenteral antibiotic use in a critical care unit. | to evaluate parenteral antibiotic utilization and bacterial resistance patterns in a critical care unit (crcu). | 2000 | 18159274 |
| outcome of bacteremia and fungemia in paediatric oncology patients. | to determine the outcome of paediatric oncology patients with positive blood cultures. | 2002 | 18159414 |
| substrate selectivity of the melibiose permease (mely) from enterobacter cloacae. | we have examined the substrate selectivity of the melibiose permease (mely) from enterobacter cloacae in comparison with that of the lactose permease (lacy) from escherichia coli. both proteins catalyze active transport of lactose or melibiose with comparable affinity and capacity. however, mely does not transport the analogue methyl-1-thio-beta,d-galactopyranoside (tmg), which is a very efficient substrate in lacy. we show that mely binds tmg and conserves cys148 (helix v) as a tmg binding resi ... | 2008 | 18177889 |
| [microbiological monitoring of milk samples and surface samples in a hospital infant formula room]. | analyze the microbiological quality of reconstituted milk formulas and the surface hygiene in a hospital infant formula room, in the context of a worldwide emergence of enterobacter sakazakii infections. | 2008 | 18178021 |
| [prevalence of nosocomial infections in a university hospital (dakar, senegal)]. | nosocomial infections constitute today a great public health problem that is still ignored or poorly mastered in our health institutions. method: a prevalence study initiated by the clin (committee for the prevention of nosocomial infections) was recently conducted at the fann teaching hospital. a questionnaire was prepared and submitted to all patients that were hospitalized on the day of the study; the questionnaire allowed gathering a lot of information on exposure factors and clinical and mi ... | 2008 | 18180124 |
| antimicrobial activities of ceftaroline and me1036 tested against clinical strains of community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. | two investigational anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (anti-mrsa) beta-lactams, ceftaroline (a cephalosporin) and me1036 (a carbapenem), were subjected to susceptibility testing by reference broth microdilution methods using 152 strains of community-acquired mrsa from the united states (47 medical centers). ceftaroline and me1036 were 64- and >128-fold more potent than ceftriaxone, respectively. all isolates had the panton-valentine leukocidin genes and staphylococcal cassette chr ... | 2008 | 18180353 |
| emergence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacter cloacae carrying vim-4 metallo-beta-lactamase and shv-2a extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in a conjugative plasmid. | enterobacter cloacae strains are still infrequently resistant to carbapenems. a carbapenem-resistant clinical isolate of e. cloacae producing a plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl), vim-4, was recovered from a greek hospitalized patient. the bla(vim-4) gene was located in the variable array of a class 1 integron structure repeatedly detected among bla(vim-1)-bearing gram-negative pathogens in greece. the isolate possessed also on the same conjugative plasmid an extended-spectrum beta-la ... | 2007 | 18184047 |
| early predictors of mortality from pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: 1985-2006. | pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (pcp) remains the leading cause of opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. previous studies of pcp that identified case-fatality risk factors involved small numbers of patients, were performed over few years, and often focused on patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit. | 2008 | 18190281 |
| enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates producing ctx-m-15 recovered from hospital environmental surfaces from algeria. | | 2008 | 18192081 |
| formula fortified with live probiotic culture reduces pulmonary and gastrointestinal bacterial colonization and translocation in a newborn animal model. | acidified diets are protective against intestinal bacterial colonization and translocation. probiotic diets are designed to modulate the intestinal flora to enhance mucosal immunity. this study was designed to determine if formula acidified with live probiotic decreases bacterial gut colonization and translocation, and is equally tolerated as other acidified diets. | 2008 | 18206450 |
| chemical markers for the evaluation of raw material hygienic quality in egg products. | the aim of this research was to study uracil and lactic and acetic acids as chemical markers for hygienic quality evaluation of raw material in liquid pasteurized egg products. uracil, absent in sound whole eggs, was formed in raw and pasteurized egg products as a consequence of high microbial contamination (>10(6) cfu/g) after a sufficient lag time, remaining stable at 4 degrees c but disappearing after 7 days of storage at 25 degrees c. both lactic and acetic acids, starting from initial value ... | 2008 | 18211016 |
| assessing the effect of an antimicrobial wound dressing on biofilms. | to date the effect of silver-containing wound dressings on biofilms, known to be present in chronic wounds, has not been determined or documented. in this current study, we aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of a silver-containing dressing on biofilms grown in a chambered slide model. before the addition of a wound dressing onto a 24-hour biofilm, composed of either pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, staphylococcus aureus, or a mixed bacterial community, a fluorescent dye was ... | 2008 | 18211579 |
| induction of l1 and l2 beta-lactamase production in stenotrophomonas maltophilia is dependent on an ampr-type regulator. | a divergently oriented ampr has been located upstream of blal2 in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. ampr is necessary for l1 and l2 beta-lactamase induction in response to beta-lactam challenge, and activation of ampr is sufficient to induce l1 and l2 production. l1 induction requires more activation of ampr than does l2 induction. | 2008 | 18212097 |
| methamphetamine use and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus skin infections. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) infections and methamphetamine use are emerging public health problems. we conducted a case-control investigation to determine risk factors for mrsa skin and soft tissue infections (sstis) in residents of a largely rural southeastern community in the united states. case-patients were persons >12 years old who had culturable sstis; controls had no sstis. of 119 sstis identified, 81 (68.1%) were caused by mrsa. methamphetamine use was reported in ... | 2007 | 18217555 |
| in vitro activity profile of ceftobiprole, an anti-mrsa cephalosporin, against recent gram-positive and gram-negative isolates of european origin. | to determine the in vitro activity profile of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), for use as a contemporary baseline to help detect any changes in its activity profile throughout the course of clinical development and use. | 2008 | 18218646 |
| [the vacuum-assisted closure (v.a.c.) and instillation dressing: limb salvage after 3 degrees open fracture with massive bone and soft tissue defect and superinfection]. | we report the case of a 17-year-old boy who was hit by a high velocity train. the polytraumatized patient suffered a 3 degrees open femur defect fracture with a substantial loss of the lateral femoral muscles and significant disruption of the soft tissue of the lower leg. the enormous wound areas on the thigh and the lower leg were infected by pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia. the enormous tissue defects and the superinfection did not leave any hope ... | 2008 | 18219474 |
| isolation of imipenem-resistant enterobacter species: emergence of kpc-2 carbapenemase, molecular characterization, epidemiology, and outcomes. | the prevalence of isolation of imipenem-resistant enterobacter (ire) strains is rising, with potential serious consequences in terms of patients' outcomes and general care. the study objective was to define the various epidemiological aspects of the isolation of these strains in comparison to cases of isolation of imipenem-susceptible enterobacter (ise) strains. molecular analysis of ire strains included genotyping and defining the presence of carbapenemases. we conducted a matched retrospective ... | 2008 | 18227191 |
| immune depression in rhodnius prolixus by seco-steroids, physalins. | a comparative study of the effects of physalins, seco-steroidal substances of physalis angulata (solanaceae), on the immune reactions of r. prolixus was carried out. ecdysis and mortality were not affected by treatment with physalins b, d, f or g (1-10 microg/ml of blood meal). r. prolixus larvae fed with blood containing physalins and inoculated with 1 microl of enterobacter cloacae beta12 (5 x 10(3)/insect) exhibited mortality rates three times higher than controls. the insects treated with ph ... | 2008 | 18234209 |
| synthesis and anti-bacterial properties of mono-carbonyl analogues of curcumin. | the synthesis of three series of curcumin analogues with mono-carbonyl is described. their in vitro anti-bacterial activities against seven gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were tested and the effect of substituents on the aryl ring and the space structure of the linking strain were discussed. it was observed that part of the derivatives displayed significant activity when compared with curcumin and most of them exhibited activity against the ampicillin-resisted enterobacter cloacae. com ... | 2008 | 18239300 |
| influenza-associated morbidity in children with cancer. | the clinical impact of influenza in children undergoing therapy for cancer is not well-described in the literature. | 2008 | 18240170 |
| enhanced transformation of tnt by tobacco plants expressing a bacterial nitroreductase. | the manufacture, disposal, and detonation of explosives have resulted in the pollution of large tracts of land and groundwater. historically, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) is the most widely used military explosive and is toxic to biological systems and recalcitrant to degradation. to examine the feasibility of enhancing the ability of plants to detoxify the explosive tnt, we created transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) constitutively expressing the nsfi nitroreductase gene from enterobacter clo ... | 2007 | 18246725 |
| molecular and descriptive epidemiologyof multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae in hospitalized infants. | to investigate the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (mdre) in hospitalized infants. | 2008 | 18251685 |
| disseminated bocavirus infection after stem cell transplant. | | 2007 | 18252130 |
| development and evaluation of immunochromatographic assay for simple and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in human stool specimens. | an immunochromatographic assay (campy-ica) using a newly generated single monoclonal antibody against a 15-kda cell surface protein of campylobacter jejuni was developed. when cell suspensions of 86 c. jejuni strains and 27 campylobacter coli strains were treated with a commercially available bacterial protein extraction reagent and the resulting extracts were tested with the campy-ica, they all yielded positive results. the minimum detectable limits for the c. jejuni strains ranged from 1.8 x 1 ... | 2008 | 18256225 |
| population-based survey of invasive bacterial diseases, greenland, 1995-2004. | invasive bacterial disease occurs frequently among native populations in the arctic. although a variety of bacteria are involved in invasive bacterial disease in greenland, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, and other staphylococci are responsible for most cases (69%); incidence varies according to region and ethnicity. | 2008 | 18258083 |
| acinetobacter spp. in gunshot injuries. | | 2008 | 18258104 |
| unexpected occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in environmental aeromonas spp. | we searched for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants of the qnr type in several water samples collected at diverse locations from the seine river (paris, france). the qnrs2 genes were identified from aeromonas punctata subsp. punctata and a. media. the qnrs2 gene was located on incu-type plasmids in both isolates, which resulted in increased mic values of quinolones and fluoroquinolones, once they were transferred into escherichia coli. the qnrs2 gene identified in a. punctata was ... | 2008 | 18258115 |
| clinical experience of serious infections caused by enterobacteriaceae producing vim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in a greek university hospital. | the dissemination of acquired metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) in members of the family enterobacteriaceae is regarded as an emerging clinical threat. the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 17 cases of infection due to mbl-producing isolates were analyzed. | 2008 | 18269335 |
| plasticity of the systemic inflammatory response to acute infection during critical illness: development of the riboleukogram. | diagnosis of acute infection in the critically ill remains a challenge. we hypothesized that circulating leukocyte transcriptional profiles can be used to monitor the host response to and recovery from infection complicating critical illness. | 2008 | 18270561 |
| prevalence of fecal carriage of acquired expanded-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in enterobacteriaceae strains from cattle in france. | | 2008 | 18272707 |
| rapid antimicrobial susceptibility determination of uropathogens in clinical urine specimens by use of atp bioluminescence. | we describe the first direct testing of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacterial pathogens in human clinical fluid samples by the use of atp bioluminescence. we developed an atp bioluminescence assay that eliminates somatic sources of atp to selectively quantify the bacterial load in clinical urine specimens with a sensitivity of <1,000 cfu per milliliter. there was a log-log relationship between light emission and the numbers of cfu in clinical urine specimens. a clinical study was perfo ... | 2008 | 18272708 |
| the use of linezolid in the treatment of infected total joint arthroplasty. | fourteen patients with a diagnosis of infected total joint arthroplasty treated by 1 or 2-stage revision and a course of oral linezolid were reviewed. patients were assessed according to mcpherson stage, inflammatory markers, nature of surgery, use of antibiotics, pathogen isolated, and outcome at follow-up. pathogens isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococcus, multiresistant staphylococcus aureus, enterobacter cloacae, and mixed growth. mcpherson stages were 1 ib2, 1 ia3, 1 ii a2, 3iiia2, ... | 2008 | 18280424 |
| screening, cloning, expression, and purification of an acidic arylmalonate decarboxylase from enterobacter cloacae ku1313. | we have already isolated, purified, and characterized arylmalonate decarboxylases (amdase; ec. 4.1.1.76) from alcaligenes bronchisepticus ku1201 and achromobacter sp. ku1311. these are unique enzymes that give optically pure alpha-arylpropionates from the corresponding alpha-aryl-alpha-methylmalonates. recently, we have further screened novel amdase producers from soil samples under acidic conditions and succeeded in isolating enterobacter cloacae ku1313. the gene encoding the enzyme was cloned ... | 2008 | 18283449 |
| antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in intensive care units in canada: results of the canadian national intensive care unit (can-icu) study, 2005-2006. | between 1 september 2005 and 30 june 2006, 19 medical centers collected 4,180 isolates recovered from clinical specimens from patients in intensive care units (icus) in canada. the 4,180 isolates were collected from 2,292 respiratory specimens (54.8%), 738 blood specimens (17.7%), 581 wound/tissue specimens (13.9%), and 569 urinary specimens (13.6%). the 10 most common organisms isolated from 79.5% of all clinical specimens were methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) (16.4%), esche ... | 2008 | 18285482 |
| septic arthritis in males with haemophilia. | we used data collected as part of the universal data collection (udc) surveillance project in haemophilia treatment centers (htc) to study the incidence, risk factors and impact of septic arthritis among males with haemophilia. patients participating in udc on two or more occasions were included. cases were defined as patients with documented joint infection. characteristics of the cases were compared with those of haemophilia patients without infection. among the 8026 eligible patients with 36 ... | 2008 | 18298584 |
| critical care management and outcome of severe pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with and without hiv infection. | little is known about the most severe forms of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-negative as compared with hiv-positive patients. improved knowledge about the differential characteristics and management modalities could guide treatment based on hiv status. | 2008 | 18304356 |
| prevalence of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases in a chinese university hospital from 2003 to 2005: first report of cmy-2-type ampc beta-lactamase resistance in china. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalences of plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases (pabls) in isolates of escherichia coli and klebsiella spp. from a university hospital in china. a total of 1,935 consecutive nonrepeat clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and klebsiella oxytoca were collected between january 2003 and july 2005. the isolates with cefoxitin zone diameters less than 18 mm (screen positive) were selected for pcr of the bla(ampc) genes and sequ ... | 2008 | 18305137 |