| longterm storage of post-packaged bread by controlling spoilage pathogens using lactobacillus fermentum c14 isolated from homemade curd. | one potent lactic acid bacterial strain c14 with strong antifungal activity was isolated from homemade curd. based on morphological as well as biochemical characters and 16s rdna sequence homology the strain was identified as lactobacillus fermentum. it displayed a wide antimicrobial spectrum against both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, and also against number of food spoilage, plant and human pathogenic fungi. the cell free supernatant (cfs) of the strain c14 was also effec ... | 2017 | 28859156 |
| enhancing antidiabetic and antimicrobial performance of ocimum basilicum, and ocimum sanctum (l.) using silver nanoparticles. | the role of silver nanoparticles (agnps) is an attractive proposition for advancing modern diabetes therapies and applied science. stable agnps with a size range of 3-25 nm were synthesized using aqueous leaf extracts from ocimum basilicum, ocimum sanctum, and in combination. the concentration of the extracts facilitated the reduction of silver nitrate that led to the rapid formation of agnps at room temperature, indicating a higher reaction rate as opposed to harsh chemical methods, and high co ... | 2017 | 28855825 |
| rgb color coded images in scanning electron microscopy of biological surfaces. | we present here a methodological approach for the creation of color images in scanning electron microscopy by processing grayscale images taken simultaneously from at least three different detectors in a scanning electron microscope. the final color images are then produced by merging together those grayscale images in rgb color space. we show the images from non-conductive standard sample together with those obtained from real microbiological samples. the first one represents a microbial biofil ... | 2017 | 28854801 |
| evaluations of insecticides and fungicides for reducing attack rates of a new invasive ambrosia beetle (euwallacea sp., coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae) in infested landscape trees in california. | a recently discovered ambrosia beetle with the proposed common name of polyphagous shot hole borer (euwallacea sp., coleoptera: curculionidae: scolytinae), is reported to attack >200 host tree species in southern california, including many important native and urban landscape trees. this invasive beetle, along with its associated fungi, causes branch dieback and tree mortality in a large variety of tree species including sycamore (platanus racemosa nutt.). due to the severity of the impact of th ... | 2017 | 28854652 |
| test methods for estimating the efficacy of the fast-acting disinfectant peracetic acid on surfaces of personal protective equipment. | the work aimed at developing and evaluating practically relevant methods for testing of disinfectants on contaminated personal protective equipment (ppe). | 2017 | 28853204 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity screening of xylaria hypoxylon. | fungi have a potential of using both as nutritive and medicinal food stuff. because of containing several therapeutic agents, they are reported to be used for hundreds of years to treat several diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. the aim of this study is to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of xylaria hypoxylon, which were collected from yomra, trabzon, turkey. | 2016 | 28852719 |
| investigation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and xanthine oxidase--inhibitory activities of phellinus (agaricomycetes) mushroom species native to central europe. | ten representative central european phellinoid hymenochaetaceae species (phellinus sensu lato) were selected to examine their potential pharmacological activity. in this study 40 organic (n-hexane, chloroform, 50% methanol) and aqueous extracts with different polarities were analyzed for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and xanthine oxidase (xo)--inhibitory properties. fomitiporia robusta, fuscoporia torulosa, phellopilus nigrolimitatus, and porodaedalea chrysoloma showed moderate antibacterial ... | 2017 | 28845768 |
| recent progress on the application of (2)h solid-state nmr to probe the interaction of antimicrobial peptides with intact bacteria. | discoveries relating to innate immunity and antimicrobial peptides (amps) granted bruce beutler and jules hoffmann a nobel prize in medicine in 2011, and opened up new avenues for the development of therapies against infections, and even cancers. the mechanisms by which amps interact with, and ultimately disrupt, bacterial cell membranes is still, to a large extent, incompletely understood. up until recently, this mechanism was studied using model lipid membranes that failed to reproduce the com ... | 2017 | 28844739 |
| prospects for bio-industrial application of an extremely alkaline mannanase from bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum csb31. | mannan-degrading enzymes are attracting growing interest in bio-industrial applications, such as the pulp and paper, food, and pharmaceutical industries. in this study, an extremely alkaline mannanase (mnb31) was produced by bacillus subtilis subsp. inaquosorum csb31. mnb31 was purified to 17.92-fold with a 21.51% yield and specific activity of 1,796.13 umg(-1) by anion-exchange and gel filtration column chromatography. the biochemical characterization of mnb31 was performed, and the results wer ... | 2017 | 28843040 |
| effects of different fertilizers on growth and nutrient uptake of lolium multiflorum grown in cd-contaminated soils. | this study aimed to explore the effects of different fertilizers and their combinations on growth and nutrient and cd uptake of lolium multiflorum. compared with control treatment, chemical fertilizer, organic manure, and their conjunctions with biofertilizer increased shoot biomass. biofertilizers were found to cause significant reductions in shoot biomass of plants grown in organic manure-treated and control soil. decreased soil-available n and p and shoot n and k concentrations in biofertiliz ... | 2017 | 28842798 |
| bacillus subtilis and yeast cell wall improve the intestinal health of broilers challenged by clostridium perfringens. | 1. the objective was to investigate the effects of bacillus subtilis, yeast cell wall (ycw) and their combination on intestinal health of broilers challenged by clostridium perfringens over a 21-d period. 2. using a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, 800 1-d-old male cobb 500 broilers were used to study the effects of feed additives (without additive or with zinc bacitracin, b. subtilis, ycw, and the combination of b. subtilis and ycw), pathogen challenge (without or with clostridium per ... | 2017 | 28841050 |
| disinfection effect of microwave radiation on bacillus subtilis as indicator organism on contaminated dental stone casts under dry and wet conditions. | objective: the disinfection of dental stone casts using microwave radiation has been shown, but doubts remain regarding its efficacy under various conditions. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of microwave disinfection on wet and dry dental stone casts contaminated by a resistant microorganism. material and methods: in this in vitro study, 34 stone half-casts were prepared, contaminated with bacillus subtilis and divided into two groups. after drying the specimens of one ... | 2017 | 28840089 |
| noise in a phosphorelay drives stochastic entry into sporulation in bacillus subtilis. | entry into sporulation in bacillus subtilis is governed by a phosphorelay in which phosphoryl groups from a histidine kinase are successively transferred via relay proteins to the response regulator spo0a. spo0a~p, in turn, sets in motion events that lead to asymmetric division and activation of the cell-specific transcription factor σ(f), a hallmark for entry into sporulation. here, we have used a microfluidics-based platform to investigate the activation of spo0a and σ(f) in individual cells h ... | 2017 | 28838935 |
| revisiting the in vivo glnr-binding sites at the genome scale in bacillus subtilis. | in bacillus subtilis, two major transcriptional factors, glnr and tnra, are involved in a sophisticated network of adaptive responses to nitrogen availability. glnr was reported to repress the transcription of the glnra, tnra and ureabc operons under conditions of excess nitrogen. as glnr and tnra regulators share the same dna binding motifs, a genome-wide mapping of in vivo glnr-binding sites was still needed to clearly define the set of glnr/tnra motifs directly bound by glnr. | 2017 | 28835263 |
| discovery of a widespread prokaryotic 5-oxoprolinase that was hiding in plain sight. | 5-oxoproline (op) is well known as an enzymatic intermediate in the eukaryotic γ-glutamyl cycle, but it is also an unavoidable damage product formed spontaneously from glutamine and other sources. eukaryotes metabolize op via an atp-dependent 5-oxoprolinase; most prokaryotes lack homologs of this enzyme - and the γ-glutamyl cycle - but are predicted to have some way to dispose of op if its spontaneous formation in vivo is significant. comparative analysis of prokaryotic genomes showed that the g ... | 2017 | 28830929 |
| structural insights into the mode of action of the peptide antibiotic copsin. | defensins are a class of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides, expressed by virtually all eukaryotes as part of their innate immune response. due to their unique mode of action and rapid killing of pathogenic microbes, defensins are considered promising alternatives to clinically applied antibiotics. copsin is a defensin-like peptide, previously identified in the mushroom coprinopsis cinerea. it is active against a range of gram positive bacteria through binding to the peptidoglycan precursor li ... | 2017 | 28825809 |
| bacillus subtilis lipid extract, a branched-chain fatty acid model membrane. | lipid extracts are an excellent choice of model biomembrane; however at present, there are no commercially available lipid extracts or computational models that mimic microbial membranes containing the branched-chain fatty acids found in many pathogenic and industrially relevant bacteria. we advance the extract of bacillus subtilis as a standard model for these diverse systems, providing a detailed experimental description and equilibrated atomistic bilayer model included as supporting informati ... | 2017 | 28825491 |
| perspective of ions and messengers: an intricate link between potassium, glutamate, and cyclic di-amp. | potassium and glutamate are the most abundant ions in every living cell. whereas potassium plays a major role to keep the cellular turgor and to buffer the negative charges of the nucleic acids, the major function of glutamate is to serve as the universal amino group donor. in addition, both ions are involved in osmoprotection in bacterial cells. here, we discuss how bacterial cells maintain the homeostasis of both ions and how adaptive evolution allows them to live even at extreme potassium lim ... | 2017 | 28825218 |
| functional characterization of four putative δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases from bacillus subtilis. | in most living organisms, the amino acid proline is synthesized starting from both glutamate and ornithine. in prokaryotes, in the absence of an ornithine cyclodeaminase that has been identified to date only in a small number of soil and plant bacteria, these pathways share the last step, the reduction of δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (p5c) catalyzed by p5c reductase (ec 1.5.1.2). in several species, multiple forms of p5c reductase have been reported, possibly reflecting the dual function of prol ... | 2017 | 28824574 |
| impact of orientation and flexibility of peptide linkers on t. maritima lipase tm1350 displayed on bacillus subtilis spores surface using cotb as fusion partner. | fusion protein construction often requires peptide linkers for prolonged conformation, extended stability and enzyme activity. in this study a series of fusion between thermotoga maritima lipase tm1350 and bacillus subtillis coat protein cotb, comprising of several peptide linkers, with different length, flexibility and orientations were constructed. effects of temperature, ph and chemicals were examined, on the activity of displayed enzyme. the fusion protein with longer flexible linkers l9 [(g ... | 2017 | 28822027 |
| cultivation in space flight produces minimal alterations in the susceptibility of bacillus subtilis cells to 72 different antibiotics and growth-inhibiting compounds. | past results have suggested that bacterial antibiotic susceptibility is altered during space flight. to test this notion, bacillus subtilis cells were cultivated in matched hardware, medium, and environmental conditions either in spaceflight microgravity on the international space station, termed flight (fl) samples, or at earth-normal gravity, termed ground control (gc) samples. susceptibility of fl and gc samples was compared to 72 antibiotics and growth-inhibitory compounds using the omnilog ... | 2017 | 28821547 |
| chemical composition of mentha pulegium and rosmarinus officinalis essential oils and their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. | the aim of the study was the determination of the chemical composition of mentha pulegium l. and rosmarinus officinalis l. essential oils and the evaluation of their antileishmanial, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. essential oils (eos) were isolated using steam distillation and the chemical composition was determined using gc-ms analysis. the antibacterial activity was tested against ten pathogenic strains using the diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and the m ... | 2017 | 28821401 |
| anti-biofilm effects of anthranilate on a broad range of bacteria. | anthranilate, one of tryptophan degradation products has been reported to interfere with biofilm formation by pseudomonas aeruginosa. here, we investigated the effects of anthranilate on biofilm formation by various bacteria and the mechanisms responsible. anthranilate commonly inhibited biofilm formation by p. aeruginosa, vibrio vulnificus, bacillus subtilis, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, and staphylococcus aureus, and disrupted biofilms preformed by these bacteria. because anthranil ... | 2017 | 28819217 |
| characterization of the interaction between the small rna-encoded peptide sr1p and gapa from bacillus subtilis. | small regulatory rnas (srnas) are the most prominent post-transcriptional regulators in all kingdoms of life. a few of them, e.g. sr1 from bacillus subtilis, are dual-function srnas. sr1 acts as a base-pairing srna in arginine catabolism and as an mrna encoding the small peptide sr1p in rna degradation. both functions of sr1 are highly conserved among 23 species of bacillales. here, we investigate the interaction between sr1p and gapa by a combination of in vivo and in vitro methods. de novo pre ... | 2017 | 28818119 |
| t7 rna polymerase-driven inducible cell lysis for dna transfer from escherichia coli to bacillus subtilis. | the majority of the good dna editing techniques have been developed in escherichia coli; however, bacillus subtilis is better host for a plethora of synthetic biology and biotechnology applications. reliable and efficient systems for the transfer of synthetic dna between e. coli and b. subtilis are therefore of the highest importance. using synthetic biology approaches, such as streamlined lambda red recombineering and gibson isothermal assembly, we integrated genetic circuits pt7l123, repr-ts-1 ... | 2017 | 28815907 |
| engineering peptidoglycan degradation related genes of bacillus subtilis for better fermentation processes. | in this study, bacillus subtilis 168 δupp was engineered to change the bacterial shapes. namely, some peptidoglycan hydrolase related genes were inactivated individually or in different combinations, including sigd, lyte, lytf, lytc, lytd and lytg. inactivations of these genes resulted in various intensities of blockages on cell division, leading to elongation of bacterial cells. the resulted fiber phenotypes showed different lengths ranging from tens of microns to several millimeters. mutants w ... | 2017 | 28811162 |
| the heterologous expression strategies of antimicrobial peptides in microbial systems. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) consist of molecules acting on the defense systems of numerous organisms toward tumor and multiple pathogens, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. compared to traditional antibiotics, amps are more stable and have lower propensity for developing resistance through functioning in the innate immune system, thus having important applications in the fields of medicine, food and so on. however, despite of their high economic values, the low yield and the cumb ... | 2017 | 28807840 |
| methylglyoxal synthase regulates cell elongation via alterations of cellular methylglyoxal and spermidine content in bacillus subtilis. | methylglyoxal regulates cell division and differentiation through its interaction with polyamines. loss of their biosynthesizing enzyme causes physiological impairment and cell elongation in eukaryotes. however, the reciprocal effects of methylglyoxal and polyamine production and its regulatory metabolic switches on morphological changes in prokaryotes have not been addressed. here, bacillus subtilis methylglyoxal synthase (mgsa) and polyamine biosynthesizing genes encoding arginine decarboxylas ... | 2017 | 28807600 |
| replication-transcription conflicts generate r-loops that orchestrate bacterial stress survival and pathogenesis. | replication-transcription collisions shape genomes, influence evolution, and promote genetic diseases. although unclear why, head-on transcription (lagging strand genes) is especially disruptive to replication and promotes genomic instability. here, we find that head-on collisions promote r-loop formation in bacillus subtilis. we show that pervasive r-loop formation at head-on collision regions completely blocks replication, elevates mutagenesis, and inhibits gene expression. accordingly, the ac ... | 2017 | 28802046 |
| viscous drag on the flagellum activates bacillus subtilis entry into the k-state. | bacillus subtilis flagella are not only required for locomotion but also act as sensors that monitor environmental changes. although how the signal transmission takes place is poorly understood, it has been shown that flagella play an important role in surface sensing by transmitting a mechanical signal to control the degs-degu two-component system. here we report a role for flagella in the regulation of the k-state, which enables transformability and antibiotic tolerance (persistence). mutation ... | 2017 | 28800172 |
| upregulation and identification of antibiotic activity of a marine-derived streptomyces sp. via co-cultures with human pathogens. | marine natural product drug discovery has begun to play an important role in the treatment of disease, with several recently approved drugs. in addition, numerous microbial natural products have been discovered from members of the order actinomycetales, particularly in the genus streptomyces, due to their metabolic diversity for production of biologically active secondary metabolites. however, many secondary metabolites cannot be produced under laboratory conditions because growth conditions in ... | 2017 | 28800088 |
| chemical sterilization of allograft dermal tissues. | common terminal sterilization methods are known to alter the natural structure and properties of soft tissues. one approach to providing safe grafts with preserved biological properties is the combination of a validated chemical sterilization process followed by an aseptic packaging process. this combination of processes is an accepted method for production of sterile healthcare products as described in ansi/aami st67:2011. this article describes the validation of the peracetic acid and ethanol- ... | 2017 | 28799106 |
| synergistic interface behavior of strontium adsorption using mixed microorganisms. | the proper handling of low-level radioactive waste is crucial to promote the sustainable development of nuclear power. research into the mechanism for interactions between bacterium and radionuclides is the starting point for achieving successful remediation of radionuclides with microorganisms. using sr(ii) as a simulation radionuclide and the mixed microorganisms of saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacillus subtilis as the biological adsorbent, this study investigates behavior at the interface bet ... | 2017 | 28799041 |
| an in vivo high-throughput screening for riboswitch ligands using a reverse reporter gene system. | riboswitches are bacterial rna elements that regulate gene expression in response to metabolite or ion abundance and are considered as potential drug targets. in recent years a number of methods to find non-natural riboswitch ligands have been described. here we report a high-throughput in vivo screening system that allows identifying off-riboswitch modulators in a 384 well bioluminescence assay format. we use a reverse reporter gene setup in bacillus subtilis, consisting of a primary screening ... | 2017 | 28798404 |
| excellent biofouling alleviation of thermoexfoliated vermiculite blended poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane. | flux and antifouling properties of mixed matrix membranes (mmms) are yet to attain satisfactory status. the objective of this study is to find a method for mitigating the biofouling of poly(ether sulfone) (pes) ultrafiltration membranes via blending of thermoexfoliated vermiculite (vmt). flow cytometry analysis shows that the behaviors of bacillus subtilis 168 as a gram-positive bacterium and escherichia coli dh5 alpha as a gram-negative bacterium were different. hence, cell property is a suspec ... | 2017 | 28796491 |
| defensin-neurotoxin dyad in a basally-branching metazoan sea anemone. | recent studies suggest that vertebrate and invertebrate defensins have evolved from two independent ancestors, and that both defensins could share origins with animal toxins. here, we purified novel sea anemone neurotoxin (bds)-like antimicrobial peptides (amps)-crassicorin-i and its putative homolog (crassicorin-ii)-from the pharynx extract of an anthozoan sea anemone (urticina crassicornis). based on structural analyses and cdna cloning, mature crassicorin-i represents a cationic amp likely ge ... | 2017 | 28796463 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activities and mechanism of 1-octen-3-ol against food-related bacteria and pathogenic fungi. | 1-octen-3-ol, known as mushroom alcohol, is a natural product extracted from fungi and plants. its antimicrobial activities against five common food-related bacteria and two pathogenic fungi were evaluated in this paper, including staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, fusarium tricinctum and fusarium oxysporum. the results showed that 1-octen-3-ol had a strong antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria, especially ... | 2017 | 28794307 |
| functional redundancy of division specific penicillin-binding proteins in bacillus subtilis. | bacterial cell division involves the dynamic assembly of a diverse set of proteins that coordinate the invagination of the cell membrane and synthesis of cell wall material to create the new cell poles of the separated daughter cells. penicillin-binding protein pbp 2b is a key cell division protein in bacillus subtilis proposed to have a specific catalytic role in septal wall synthesis. unexpectedly, we find that a catalytically inactive mutant of pbp 2b supports cell division, but in this backg ... | 2017 | 28792086 |
| attenuation of neurobehavioral and neurochemical abnormalities in animal model of cognitive deficits of alzheimer's disease by fermented soybean nanonutraceutical. | the present study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of nanonutraceuticals (nn) for attenuation of neurobehavioral and neurochemical abnormalities in alzheimer's disease. solid-state fermentation of soybean with bacillus subtilis was performed to produce different metabolites (nattokinase, daidzin, genistin and glycitin and menaquinone-7). intoxication of rats with colchicine caused impairment in learning and memory which was demonstrated in neurobehavioral paradigms (morris water maze and p ... | 2017 | 28791538 |
| carbonyl reduction by ymfi in bacillus subtilis prevents accumulation of an inhibitory ef-p modification state. | translation elongation factor p (ef-p) in bacillus subtilis is required for a form of surface migration called swarming motility. furthermore, b. subtilis ef-p is post-translationally modified with a 5-aminopentanol group but the pathway necessary for the synthesis and ligation of the modification is unknown. here we determine that the protein ymfi catalyzes the reduction of ef-p-5 aminopentanone to ef-p-5 aminopentanol. in the absence of ymfi, accumulation of 5-aminopentanonated ef-p is inhibit ... | 2017 | 28787546 |
| plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhances wheat salt and drought stress tolerance by altering endogenous phytohormone levels and tactr1/tadreb2 expression. | abiotic stresses such as salt and drought represent adverse environmental conditions that significantly damage plant growth and agricultural productivity. in this study, the mechanism of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) stimulated tolerance against abiotic stresses has been explored. results suggest that pgpr strains, arthrobacter protophormiae (sa3) and dietzia natronolimnaea (str1) can facilitate wheat crop in tolerating salt stress while bacillus subtilis (ldr2) can provide tol ... | 2017 | 28786221 |
| saccharopolyspora hattusasensis sp. nov., isolated from soil. | a saccharopolyspora strain, designated cr3506(t), isolated from a soil sample collected from sungurlu, corum, turkey, was examinated using a polyphasic approach. phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that the strain is closely related to the type strains of saccharopolyspora spinosa nrrl 18395(t) (99.1%), saccharopolyspora phatthalungensis nrrl b-24798(t) (98.4%) and saccharopolyspora shandongensis 88(t) (98.1%); low levels of dna-dna relatednes ... | 2017 | 28785826 |
| near-atomic resolution cryoelectron microscopy structure of the 30-fold homooligomeric spoiiiag channel essential to spore formation in bacillus subtilis. | bacterial sporulation allows starving cells to differentiate into metabolically dormant spores that can survive extreme conditions. following asymmetric division, the mother cell engulfs the forespore, surrounding it with two bilayer membranes. during the engulfment process, an essential channel, the so-called feeding tube apparatus, is thought to cross both membranes to create a direct conduit between the mother cell and the forespore. at least nine proteins are required to create this channel, ... | 2017 | 28784753 |
| proteomic analysis of food borne pathogens following the mode of action of the disinfectants based on pyridoxal oxime derivatives. | a comprehensive proteomic analysis of food borne pathogens after treatment with disinfectants based on ammonium salts of pyridinium oxime was performed. changes in proteomes of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus subtilis and the gram-negative one, escherichia coli, were evaluated. up and down-regulated proteins in these bacteria after growth under the inhibition with four different disinfectants based on chloride and bromide salts of pyridinium oxime were identified and their cellular localiza ... | 2017 | 28784517 |
| the role of functional amyloids in multicellular growth and development of gram-positive bacteria. | amyloid fibrils play pivotal roles in all domains of life. in bacteria, these fibrillar structures are often part of an extracellular matrix that surrounds the producing organism and thereby provides protection to harsh environmental conditions. here, we discuss the role of amyloid fibrils in the two distant gram-positive bacteria, streptomyces coelicolor and bacillus subtilis. we describe how amyloid fibrils contribute to a multitude of developmental processes in each of these systems, includin ... | 2017 | 28783117 |
| c-di-amp: an essential molecule in the signaling pathways that regulate the viability and virulence of gram-positive bacteria. | signal transduction pathways enable organisms to monitor their external environment and adjust gene regulation to appropriately modify their cellular processes. second messenger nucleotides including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-amp), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (c-gmp), cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp), and cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) play key roles in many signal transduction pathways used by prokaryotes and/or eukaryotes. among the various second messenger ... | 2017 | 28783096 |
| contributions of 5'-utr and 3'-utr cis elements to cyt1aa synthesis in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the biopesticide used most effectively to control mosquito and blackfly vectors of human diseases worldwide is bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. the high efficacy of this bacterium is due to synergistic interactions among four protein entomotoxins assembled individually into a single parasporal body (pb) during sporulation. cyt1aa, the primary synergist, is the most abundant toxin, comprising approximately 55% of the pb's mass. the other proteins are cry11aa at ∼35%, and cry4aa and cry4 ... | 2017 | 28782510 |
| physakengoses k-q, seven new sucrose esters from physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. | seven sucrose esters, physakengoses k-q (1-7) were isolated from the aerial parts of physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods. these new compounds were tested for their antimicrobial abilities against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli. among the isolated sucrose esters, compounds 1-5 showed potent antibacterial activity with mic values ranging from ... | 2017 | 28779658 |
| unleashing natural competence in lactococcus lactis by induction of the competence regulator comx. | in biotechnological work horses like streptococcus thermophilus and bacillus subtilis natural competence can be induced, which facilitates genetic manipulation of these microbes. however, in strains of the important dairy starter lactococcus lactis natural competence has not been established to date. however, in silico analysis of complete genome sequences of 43 l. lactis strains revealed complete late-competence gene-sets in 2 l. lactis subspecies cremoris strains (kw2 and kw10) and 8 l. lactis ... | 2017 | 28778888 |
| production of a bioactive unnatural ginsenoside by metabolically engineered yeasts based on a new udp-glycosyltransferase from bacillus subtilis. | ginsenosides are the main bioactive constituents of panax species, which are biosynthesized by glycosylation at c3-oh and/or c20-oh of protopanaxadiol (ppd), c6-oh and/or c20-oh of protopanaxatriol (ppt). the c12-glycosylated ginsenosides have scarcely been identified from panax species. the c12-glycosylated ginsenosides produced from ppd by chemical semi-synthesis have been reported to exhibit higher cytotoxicity than the natural ginsenosides. however, the chemical semi-synthesis approach is no ... | 2017 | 28778764 |
| a multiscale material testing system for in situ optical and electron microscopes and its application. | we report a novel material testing system (mts) that uses hierarchical designs for in-situ mechanical characterization of multiscale materials. this mts is adaptable for use in optical microscopes (oms) and scanning electron microscopes (sems). the system consists of a microscale material testing module (m-mtm) and a nanoscale material testing module (n-mtm). the mts can measure mechanical properties of materials with characteristic lengths ranging from millimeters to tens of nanometers, while l ... | 2017 | 28777341 |
| draft genome sequences of bacillus subtilis strain dku_nt_01 isolated from traditional korean food containing soybean (chung-gook-jang). | here, we report the whole-genome sequence of bacillus subtilis strain dku_nt_01 isolated from traditional korean food containing soybean (chung-gook-jang). the de novo genome of bacillus subtilis strain dku_nt_01 has one contig and g+c content of 55.4%, is 4,954,264 bp in length, and contains 5,011 coding sequences (cdss). | 2017 | 28774991 |
| antimicrobial bamboo materials functionalized with zno and graphene oxide nanocomposites. | bamboo materials with improved antibacterial performance based on zno and graphene oxide (go) were fabricated by vacuum impregnation and hydrothermal strategies. the zn2+ ions and go nanosheets were firstly infiltrated into the bamboo structure, followed by dehydration and crystallization upon hydrothermal treatment, leading to the formation of zno/go nanocomposites anchored in the bulk bamboo. the bamboo composites were characterized by several techniques including scanning electron microscopy ... | 2017 | 28772597 |
| mechanism of biofilm-mediated stress resistance and lifespan extension in c. elegans. | bacteria naturally form communities of cells known as biofilms. however the physiological roles of biofilms produced by non-pathogenic microbiota remain largely unknown. to assess the impact of a biofilm on host physiology we explored the effect of several non-pathogenic biofilm-forming bacteria on caenorhabditis elegans. we show that biofilm formation by bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus rhamnosus and pseudomonas fluorescens induces c. elegans stress resistance. biofilm also protects against pat ... | 2017 | 28769037 |
| effect of volatile compounds produced by ralstonia solanacearum on plant growth promoting and systemic resistance inducing potential of bacillus volatiles. | microbial volatiles play an expedient role in the agricultural ecological system by enhancing plant growth and inducing systemic resistance against plant pathogens, without causing hazardous effects on the environment. to explore the effects of vocs of ralstonia solanacearum tbbs1 (rs) on tobacco plant growth and on plant growth promoting efficiency of vocs produced by bacillus subtilis syst2, experiments were conducted both in vitro and in planta. | 2017 | 28768498 |
| strepchazolins a and b: two new alkaloids from a marine streptomyces chartreusis na02069. | two new alkaloids, strepchazolins a (1) and b (2), together with a previously reported compound, streptazolin (3), were isolated from a marine actinomycete, streptomyces chartreusis na02069, collected in the coast of hainan island, china. the structures of new compounds were determined by extensive nmr, mass spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic analysis, as well as modified mosher's method. compound 1 showed weak anti-bacillus subtilis activity with the mic value of 64.0 μm, and weak inhibit ... | 2017 | 28767052 |
| an assessment on the role of endophytic microbes in the therapeutic potential of fagonia indica. | natural products of animals, plants and microbes are potential source of important chemical compounds, with diverse applications including therapeutics. endophytic bacteria that are especially associated with medicinal plants presents a reservoir of therapeutic compounds. fagonia indica has been recently investigated by numerous researchers because of its striking therapeutic potential especially in cancer. it is also reported that endophytes play a vital role in the biosynthesis of various meta ... | 2017 | 28764775 |
| preparation, antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluation of hydroxamated degraded polysaccharides from enteromorpha prolifera. | in order to improve the antioxidant and antimicrobial abilities, hydroxamated degraded polysaccharides from enteromorpha prolifera (hcdpe) were prepared from the corresponding carboxymethylated degraded polysaccharides (cdpe). hcdpe was characterized by ft-ir. the weight-average molecular weight of hcdpe was determined as 55.4kda. the in vitro antioxidant activity of hcdpe was evaluated by determining the radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals) scav ... | 2017 | 28764023 |
| xylapeptide a, an antibacterial cyclopentapeptide with an uncommon l-pipecolinic acid moiety from the associated fungus xylaria sp. (gdg-102). | two new cyclopentapeptides, xylapeptide a (1) with an uncommon l-pipecolinic acid moiety, and xylapeptide b (2) having a common l-proline residue were identified from an associated fungus xylaria sp. isolated from the chinese medicinal plant sophora tonkinensis. their planar structures were elucidated by a comprehensive analysis of nmr and ms spectroscopic spectra. the absolute configurations were determined by marfey's method and single-crystal x-ray diffraction (cu kα) analysis. xylapeptide a ... | 2017 | 28761094 |
| stability of proteins out of service - the gapb case of bacillus subtilis. | bacillus subtilis possesses two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases with opposite roles, the glycolytic nad-dependent gapa and the nadp-dependent gapb enzyme, which is exclusively required during gluconeogenesis but not active under conditions promoting glycolysis. we propose, that proteins no longer needed will be recognized and proteolyzed by clp proteases and thereby recycled. to test this postulation, we analyzed the stability of the glycolytic enzyme gapa and the gluconeogenetic enzym ... | 2017 | 28760849 |
| sample preparation for membrane protein structural studies by solid-state nmr. | conformational studies of membrane proteins remain a challenge in the field of structural biology, and in particular the investigation of the proteins in a native-like lipid environment. solid-state nmr presents a valuable opportunity for this, and we present here three critical steps in the solid-state nmr sample preparation, i.e., membrane reconstitution of the protein in native lipids, rotor filling, and sample quality assessment, at the example of the bacillus subtilis atp-binding cassette t ... | 2017 | 28755379 |
| in vivo roles of fatty acid-biosynthetic enzymes in biosynthesis of biotin and α-lipoic acid in corynebacterium glutamicum. | for fatty acid biosynthesis, corynebacterium glutamicum uses two type i fatty acid synthases (fas-i), fasa and fasb, in addition to acetyl-coa carboxylase (acc) consisting of accbc, accd1, and acce. the in vivo roles of the enzymes in supplying precursors for biotin and α-lipoic acid remain unclear. here, we report genetic evidence demonstrating that the biosynthesis of these cofactors is linked to fatty acid biosynthesis through the fas-i pathway. for this study, we used wild-type c. glutamicum ... | 2017 | 28754705 |
| molecular investigation on the binding of cd(ii) by the binary mixtures of montmorillonite with two bacterial species. | bacteria-phyllosilicate complexes are commonly found in natural environments and are capable of immobilizing trace metals. however, the molecular binding mechanisms of heavy metals to these complex aggregates still remain poorly understood. this study investigated cd adsorption on gram-positive bacillus subtilis, gram-negative pseudomonas putida and their binary mixtures with montmorillonite using surface complexation model, cd k-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (exafs) spectroscopy ... | 2017 | 28754562 |
| effect of cultivation ph on the surface hydrophobicity of bacillus subtilis spores. | bacillus subtilis spores are often used as biological indicators (bi) to monitor decontamination processes with gaseous hydrogen peroxide. results in practical inactivation validation tests, however, vary considerably with no available explanation so far. this study reports on the effect of cultivation ph on spore surface hydrophobicity. surface hydrophobicity is suspected to have an impact on the decontamination of technical surfaces such as packaging material when gaseous, condensing hydrogen ... | 2017 | 28754034 |
| disinfection of various bacterial pathogens using novel silver nanoparticle-decorated magnetic hybrid colloids. | silver nanoparticles (agnps) have long been considered a powerful disinfectant for controlling pathogenic microorganisms. however, agnps might have adverse effects on both human health and our ecosystems due to their potential cytotoxicity and the difficulty in recovering them after their release into the environment. in this study, we characterized the antimicrobial efficacy caused by a novel micrometer-sized magnetic hybrid colloid (mhc) containing 7, 15, or 30nm sized monodispersed agnps (agn ... | 2017 | 28753503 |
| synthesis of the compatible solute proline by bacillus subtilis: point mutations rendering the osmotically controlled prohj promoter hyperactive. | the proj and proh enzymes of bacillus subtilis catalyse together with proa (proj-proa-proh), osmostress-adaptive synthesis of the compatible solute proline. the proa-encoded gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase is also used for anabolic proline synthesis (prob-proa-proi). transcription of the prohj operon is osmotically inducible whereas that of the proba operon is not. targeted and quantitative proteome analysis revealed that the amount of proa is not limiting for the interconnected anabolic and ... | 2017 | 28752945 |
| genetic networks controlled by the bacterial replication initiator and transcription factor dnaa in bacillus subtilis. | dnaa is the widely conserved bacterial aaa+ atpase that functions as both the replication initiator and a transcription factor. in many organisms, dnaa controls expression of its own gene and likely several others during growth and in response to replication stress. to evaluate the effects of dnaa on gene expression, separate from its role in replication initiation, we analyzed changes in mrna levels in bacillus subtilis cells with and without dnaa, using engineered strains in which dnaa is not ... | 2017 | 28752667 |
| improved biosurfactant production by bacillus subtilis spb1 mutant obtained by random mutagenesis and its application in enhanced oil in a sand system. | biosurfactants or microbial surfactants are surface-active biomolecules that are produced by a variety of microorganisms. biodegradability and low toxicity have led to the intensification of scientific studies on a wide range of industrial applications for biosurfactants in the field of the environmental bioremediation as well as the petroleum industry and the enhanced oil recovery. however, the major bottlenecks in biosurfactant production are yield increase and cost reduction. improving the bi ... | 2017 | 28750507 |
| evidence for interactions between homocysteine and genistein: insights into stroke risk and potential treatment. | elevated plasma homocysteine (2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid) level is a risk factor for stroke. moreover, it has been suggested that high levels of homocysteine in the acute phase of an ischemic stroke can predict mortality, especially in stroke patients with the large-vessel atherosclerosis subtype. in clinical studies, supplementation with genistein (5, 7-dihydroxy-3- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-4h-1-benzopyran-4-one) decreased plasma homocysteine levels considerably. therefore, genistein could be con ... | 2017 | 28748495 |
| functional diversity of aaa+ protease complexes in bacillus subtilis. | here, we review the diverse roles and functions of aaa+ protease complexes in protein homeostasis, control of stress response and cellular development pathways by regulatory and general proteolysis in the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis. we discuss in detail the intricate involvement of aaa+ protein complexes in controlling sporulation, the heat shock response and the role of adaptor proteins in these processes. the investigation of these protein complexes and their adaptor protei ... | 2017 | 28748186 |
| biosurfactant as an enhancer of geologic carbon storage: microbial modification of interfacial tension and contact angle in carbon dioxide/water/quartz systems. | injecting and storing of carbon dioxide (co2) in deep geologic formations is considered as one of the promising approaches for geologic carbon storage. microbial wettability alteration of injected co2 is expected to occur naturally by microorganisms indigenous to the geologic formation or microorganisms intentionally introduced to increase co2 storage capacity in the target reservoirs. the question as to the extent of microbial co2 wettability alteration under reservoir conditions still warrants ... | 2017 | 28744272 |
| structure of chorismate mutase-like domain of dahps from bacillus subtilis complexed with novel inhibitor reveals conformational plasticity of active site. | 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate-synthase (dahps) is the first enzyme of the shikimate pathway and is responsible for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids in microorganisms. this pathway is an attractive target for antimicrobial drugs. in bacillus subtilis, the n-terminal domain of the bifunctional dahps enzyme belongs to an aroq class of chorismate mutase and is functionally homologous to the downstream aroh class chorismate mutase. this is the first structure of chorismate mutase, ... | 2017 | 28743924 |
| development of inducer-free expression plasmids based on iptg-inducible promoters for bacillus subtilis. | besides escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis is an important bacterial species for the production of recombinant proteins. recombinant genes are inserted into shuttle expression vectors which replicate in both e. coli and in b. subtilis. the ligation products are first transformed into e. coli cells, analyzed for correct insertions, and the correct recombinant plasmids are then transformed into b. subtilis. a major problem using e. coli cells can be the strong basal level of expression of the rec ... | 2017 | 28743271 |
| the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens - a promising source for sustainable production of proteins, lipids and bioactive substances. | the growing demand worldwide for proteins and lipids cannot be met by the intensive use of agricultural land currently available. insect mass cultures as a source for proteins and lipids have been in focus for various reasons. an insect with many positive properties is the black soldier fly, hermetia illucens, whose larvae could be used for the sustainable production of proteins and lipids. furthermore, the larvae produce bioactive substances which could potentially be used for human and animal ... | 2017 | 28742526 |
| probiotic characteristics of lactobacillus curvatus dn317, a strain isolated from chicken ceca. | the probiotic characteristics of lactobacillus curvatus dn317, a strain isolated from chicken ceca, were evaluated. this strain was selected for study from the isolated lactobacillus strains because it has specific anti-microbial activity against campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, camp. jejuni nctc 11168, listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644, and bacillus subtilis atcc 8633. lact. curvatus dn317 showed an auto-aggregation percentage of 72% and presented the highest co-aggregation with lact. monocytoge ... | 2017 | 28741151 |
| synthesis and antimicrobial activity of chiral quaternary n-spiro ammonium bromides with 3',4'-dihydro-1'h-spiro[isoindoline-2,2'-isoquinoline] skeleton. | a new class of highly functionalized tetrahydroisoquinolines with a quaternary carbon stereocenter was synthesized starting from an easily accessible l-tartaric acid. nine strains of bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus mutans, streptococcus salivarius, bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecalis, moraxella catarrhalis, escherichia coli, campylobacter jejuni) were used for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentr ... | 2017 | 28740363 |
| effects of growth rate and promoter activity on single-cell protein expression. | protein expression in a single cell depends on its global physiological state. moreover, genetically-identical cells exhibit variability (noise) in protein expression, arising from the stochastic nature of biochemical processes, cell growth and division. while it is well understood how cellular growth rate influences mean protein expression, little is known about the relationship between growth rate and noise in protein expression. here we quantify this relationship in bacillus subtilis by a nov ... | 2017 | 28740089 |
| a reactive eremophilane and its antibacterial 2(1h)-naphthalenone rearrangement product, witnesses of a microbial chemical warfare. | two sesquiterpenes, 4-epi-microsphaeropsisin (1) and a dihydrofurano-2(1h)-naphthalenone (variabilone, 2) which represents a new skeleton, were isolated from endophytic fungus paraconiothyrium variabile. reactivity studies showed that eremophilane 1 is a precursor of 2 through acid-promoted methyl 1,2-migration and aromatization. an electrophilic intermediate of this transformation was intercepted by n-acetylcysteamine, a biomimetic nucleophile. only compound 2 was antibacterial against endophyt ... | 2017 | 28737947 |
| construction of multilayer alginate hydrogel beads for oral delivery of probiotics cells. | multilayer alginate hydrogel beads (mahbs), which were prepared by emulsion method, had been fabricated via the ionic crosslinking between calcium ion (ca(2+)) and carboxylic group of alginate and utilized as encapsulating material for oral delivery of a model probiotic bacteria bifidobacterium breve. optical and fluorescence microscopy obviously showed the microorganism cells were encapsulated in the core beads. the viability of b. breve cells encapsulated in mahbs was significantly enhanced co ... | 2017 | 28736041 |
| study of the correlation between fengycin promoter expression and its production by bacillus subtilis under different culture conditions and the impact on surfactin production. | this work aimed to rely expression of the fengycin promoter to fengycin production under different culture conditions. to this end, bacillus subtilis bbg208, derived from bbg21, which is a fengycin overproducing strain carrying the green fluorescent protein (gfp) under the control of fengycin promoter, was used to assess the effects of different carbon and nitrogen sources on surfactin and fengycin production and the fengycin promoter expression. the data showed that some carbon sources oriented ... | 2017 | 28735377 |
| expiration date prediction of biocontrol agent prepared with bacillus subtilis b579 using the accelerated aging method. | the expiration date of biopesticidal products is an essential feature of their use and storage. in the present work, the expiration date of biocontrol agent was predicted using the accelerated aging method. the available bacteria in bacillus subtilis b579 biocontrol agent were 3.7 ± 0.2 × 10(11) cfu/g. it is calculated that the expiration date of the agent was about 17 months at 25°c. during this period, the available bacteria retained more than 90% of the value in the initial product. thus, thi ... | 2017 | 28735330 |
| insights into the functional properties of the marneral oxidase cyp71a16 from arabidopsis thaliana. | the arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding cyp71a16 is part of the gene cluster for the biosynthesis and modification of the triterpenoid marneral. previous investigations of a. thaliana have revealed that cyp71a16 catalyzes marneral oxidation, while it also can accept marnerol as substrate. the aim of the present study was to investigate functional properties of cyp71a16 in vitro. for this purpose, heterologous expression of a n-terminally modified version of cyp71a16 was established in escherichia ... | 2017 | 28734978 |
| discrimination of bacteria by rapid sensing their metabolic volatiles using an aspiration-type ion mobility spectrometer (a-ims) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry gc-ms. | the objective of our study was to investigate whether one may quickly and reliably discriminate different microorganism strains by direct monitoring of the headspace atmosphere above their cultures. headspace samples above a series of in vitro bacterial cultures were directly interrogated using an aspiration type ion mobility spectrometer (a-ims), which produced distinct profiles ("fingerprints") of ion currents generated simultaneously by the detectors present inside the ion mobility cell. data ... | 2017 | 28734362 |
| rewiring the glucose transportation and central metabolic pathways for overproduction of n-acetylglucosamine in bacillus subtilis. | n-acetylglucosamine (glcnac) is an important amino sugar extensively used in the healthcare field. in a previous study, the recombinant bacillus subtilis strain bsgn6-pxyla -glms-pp43nmk-gna1 (bn0-gna1) had been constructed for microbial production of glcnac by pathway design and modular optimization. here, the production of glcnac is further improved by rewiring both the glucose transportation and central metabolic pathways. first, the phosphotransferase system (pts) is blocked by deletion of t ... | 2017 | 28731580 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel gossypol-degrading bacteria bacillus subtilis strain rbs. | an experiment was conducted to isolate gossypol-degrading bacteria and assessed its potential for gossypol degradation. | 2017 | 28728360 |
| silica-gentamicin nanohybrids: synthesis and antimicrobial action. | orthopedic applications commonly require the administration of systemic antibiotics. gentamicin is one of the most commonly used aminoglycosides in the treatment and prophylaxis of infections associated with orthopedic applications, but gentamicin has a short half-life. however, silica nanoparticles (sio₂ nps) can be used as elegant carriers for antibiotics to prolong their release. our goal is the preparation and characterization of sio₂-gentamicin nanohybrids for their potential antimicrobial ... | 2016 | 28773296 |
| membrane association and role in dna uptake of the bacillus subtilis pria anaiogue comf1. | the late competence protein comf1 is required for genetic transformation in bacillus subtilis. because of the sequence similarities of comf1 to known atp-dependent dna helicases and translocases, we have hypothesized that this protein either unwinds bound double-stranded dna or helps in the translocation of the transforming single-stranded dna across the cell membrane. two important implications of this hypothesis (the association of comf1 with the membrane and its specific requirement for dna u ... | 1994 | 28776809 |
| theta replication of the lactococcal plasmid pwvo2. | pwvo2 is a 3.8 kb narrow-host-range plasmid from lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris wg2, which does not replicate in bacillus subtilis or escherichia coli. single-stranded pwvo2 dna was not observed in lactococcal cells, indicating that this plasmid does not replicate via a rolling-circle mechanism. the sequence of pwvo2 neither showed the structural organization typical for rolling-circle plasmids, nor were sequence similarities with known rolling-circle plasmids present. by 2-d agarose gel elect ... | 1993 | 28776859 |
| bacillus subtilis genome project: cloning and sequencing of the 97 kb region from 325° to 333deg. | in the framework of the european project aimed at the sequencing of the bacillus subtilis genome the dna region located between gerb (314°) and sacxv (333°) was assigned to the institut pasteur. in this paper we describe the cloning and sequencing of a segment of 97 kb of contiguous dna. ninety-two open reading frames were predicted to encode putative proteins among which only forty-two were found to display significant similarities to known proteins present in databanks, e.g. amino acid permeas ... | 1993 | 28776854 |