| the janus face of iron on anoxic worlds: iron oxides are both protective and destructive to life on the early earth and present-day mars. | the surface of the early earth was probably subjected to a higher flux of ultraviolet (uv) radiation than today. uv radiation is known to severely damage dna and other key molecules of life. using a liquid culture and a rock analogue system, we investigated the interplay of protective and deleterious effects of iron oxides under uv radiation on the viability of the model organism, bacillus subtilis. in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, there exists a fine balance between iron oxide's protective ... | 2017 | 28460085 |
| gut microbiota species can provoke both inflammatory and tolerogenic immune responses in human dendritic cells mediated by retinoic acid receptor alpha ligation. | dendritic cells are considered as the main coordinators of both mucosal and systemic immune responses, thus playing a determining role in shaping the outcome of effector cell responses. however, it is still uncovered how primary human monocyte-derived dc (modc) populations drive the polarization of helper t (th) cells in the presence of commensal bacteria harboring unique immunomodulatory properties. furthermore, the individual members of the gut microbiota have the potential to modulate the out ... | 2017 | 28458670 |
| conversion of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropanoic acid by genetically engineered bacillus subtilis. | 3-hydroxypropanoic acid (3-hp) is an important biomass-derivable platform chemical that can be converted into a number of industrially relevant compounds. there have been several attempts to produce 3-hp from renewable sources in cell factories, focusing mainly on escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and saccharomyces cerevisiae. despite the significant progress made in this field, commercially exploitable large-scale production of 3-hp in microbial strains has still not been achieved. in th ... | 2017 | 28458661 |
| biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from protium serratum and investigation of their potential impacts on food safety and control. | silver nanoparticles play an integral part in the evolution of new antimicrobials against the broad ranges of pathogenic microorganisms. recently, biological synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts has been successfully consummated. in the present study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) was conducted using the leaf extract of plant protium serratum, having novel ethnomedicinal. the synthesized agnps were characterized using uv-visible spectroscopy, dynamic light sca ... | 2017 | 28458659 |
| purification of β-mannanase derived from bacillus subtilis atcc 11774 using ionic liquid as adjuvant in aqueous two-phase system. | the partitioning of β-mannanase derived from bacillus subtilis atcc 11774 in aqueous two-phase system (atps) was studied. the atps containing different molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (peg) and types of salt were employed in this study. the peg/salt composition for the partitioning of β-mannanase was optimized using response surface methodology. the study demonstrated that atps consists of 25% (w/w) of peg 6000 and 12.52% (w/w) of potassium citrate is the optimum composition for the puri ... | 2017 | 28458127 |
| direct high-pressure nmr observation of dipicolinic acid leaking from bacterial spore: a crucial step for thermal inactivation. | a bacterial spore protects itself with an unusually high concentration (~10% in dry weight of spore) of dipicolinic acid (dpa), the release of which is considered the crucial step for inactivating it under mild pressure and temperature conditions. however, the process of how the spore releases dpa in response to pressure remains obscure. here we apply (1)h high-resolution high-pressure nmr spectroscopy, for the first time, to the spore suspension of bacillus subtilis natto and monitor directly a ... | 2017 | 28457517 |
| dna interaction, antimicrobial, anticancer activities and molecular docking study of some new vo(ii), cr(iii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) mononuclear chelates encompassing quaridentate imine ligand. | the present study was conducted to synthesis of some new imine cr(iii), vo(ii), mn(ii) and ni(ii) complexes derived from the condensation of 2-amino phenol with 2-hydroxynapthaldehyde were synthesized. the prepared hnpn imine ligand was analyzed by its melting point, ir, (1)h nmr and (13)c nmr spectroscopies. the investigated hnpn imine complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, ft ir, uv-vis and thermal analysis (tga) under nitrogen atmosphere from ambient temperature to 750°c. the exp ... | 2017 | 28456118 |
| fengycin produced by bacillus subtilis 9407 plays a major role in the biocontrol of apple ring rot disease. | apple ring rot, caused by botryosphaeria dothidea, is a serious apple disease in china. bacillus subtilis 9407 was isolated from healthy apples and showed strong antifungal activity against b. dothidea. to identify the primary antifungal compound of b. subtilis 9407 and determine its role in controlling apple ring rot, a transposon mutant library was constructed using tnylb-1, and a mutant completely defective in antifungal activity was obtained. the gene inactivated in the antifungal activity m ... | 2017 | 28454713 |
| effect of cell aspect ratio on swarming bacteria. | swarming bacteria collectively migrate on surfaces using flagella, forming dynamic whirls and jets that consist of millions of individuals. because some swarming bacteria elongate prior to actual motion, cell aspect ratio may play a significant role in the collective dynamics. extensive research on self-propelled rodlike particles confirms that elongation promotes alignment, strongly affecting the dynamics. here, we study experimentally the collective dynamics of variants of swarming bacillus su ... | 2017 | 28452529 |
| combatting amr: photoactivatable ruthenium(ii)-isoniazid complex exhibits rapid selective antimycobacterial activity. | the novel photoactive ruthenium(ii) complex cis-[ru(bpy)2(inh)2][pf6]2 (1·2pf6, inh = isoniazid) was designed to incorporate the anti-tuberculosis drug, isoniazid, that could be released from the ru(ii) cage by photoactivation with visible light. in aqueous solution, 1 rapidly released two equivalents of isoniazid and formed the photoproduct cis-[ru(bpy)2(h2o)2](2+) upon irradiation with 465 nm blue light. we screened for activity against bacteria containing the three major classes of cell envel ... | 2017 | 28451184 |
| the pas domains of the major sporulation kinase in bacillus subtilis play a role in tetramer formation that is essential for the autokinase activity. | sporulation in bacillus subtilis is induced upon starvation. in a widely accepted model, an n-terminal "sensor" domain of the major sporulation kinase kina recognizes a hypothetical starvation signal(s) and autophosphorylates a histidine residue to activate the master regulator spo0a via a multicomponent phosphorelay. however, to date no confirmed signal has been found. here, we demonstrated that pas-a, the most n-terminal of the three pas domains (pas-abc), is dispensable for the activity, cont ... | 2017 | 28449380 |
| suppression of the escherichia coli dnaa46 mutation by changes in the activities of the pyruvate-acetate node links dna replication regulation to central carbon metabolism. | to ensure faithful transmission of genetic material to progeny cells, dna replication is tightly regulated, mainly at the initiation step. escherichia coli cells regulate the frequency of initiation according to growth conditions. results of the classical, as well as the latest studies, suggest that the dna replication in e. coli starts at a predefined, constant cell volume per chromosome but the mechanisms coordinating dna replication with cell growth are still not fully understood. results of ... | 2017 | 28448512 |
| diamide inhibitors of the bacillus subtilis n-acetylglucosaminidase lytg that exhibit antibacterial activity. | n-acetylglucosaminidases (glcnacases) play an important role in the remodeling and recycling of bacterial peptidoglycan by degrading the polysaccharide backbone. genetic deletions of autolysins can impair cell division and growth, suggesting an opportunity for using small molecule autolysin inhibitors both as tools for studying the chemical biology of autolysins and also as antibacterial agents. we report here the synthesis and evaluation of a panel of diamides that inhibit the growth of bacillu ... | 2017 | 28448118 |
| bacillus pumilus katx2 confers enhanced hydrogen peroxide resistance to a bacillus subtilis pkata::katx2 mutant strain. | bacillus pumilus cells exhibit a significantly higher resistance to hydrogen peroxide compared to closely related bacilli like bacillus subtilis. | 2017 | 28446175 |
| a bacillus subtilis strain as probiotic in poultry: selection based on in vitro functional properties and enzymatic potentialities. | we have proposed and validate an in vitro probiotic selection, based on enzymatic potentialities associated to well-established probiotic functional properties. a new bacillus subtilis hb2 isolate, selected based on its high extracellular enzyme production, was chosen as a probiotic candidate for application as animal feed supplement. the hb2 strain showed an excellent acid and bile salts tolerance, a strong adhesion to chick enterocytes and produced antimicrobials against pathogens. an in vivo ... | 2017 | 28439767 |
| genome-wide analysis of resd, nsrr, and fur binding in bacillus subtilis during anaerobic fermentative growth by in vivo footprinting. | upon oxygen limitation, the bacillus subtilis rese sensor kinase and its cognate resd response regulator play primary roles in the transcriptional activation of genes functioning in anaerobic respiration. the nitric oxide (no)-sensitive nsrr repressor controls transcription to support nitrate respiration. in addition, the ferric uptake repressor (fur) can modulate transcription under anaerobic conditions. however, whether these controls are direct or indirect has been investigated only in a gene ... | 2017 | 28439033 |
| expression, purification and molecular characterization of a novel endoglucanase protein from bacillus subtilis sb13. | bacillus subtilis strain sb13 which is isolated in our previous work was confirmed to produce endoglucanase. in this study, a novel endoglucanase gene (accession number: kx576676) was identified and cloned from sb13. compared with other consensus sequence of reported endoglucanase genes in the genbank database, this gene displays five differences (including t740c,a874g,a983g, t1210g and t1301c), which leading to five amino acid changes. homology modeling has indicated that these five changes wer ... | 2017 | 28438686 |
| newly identified invertebrate-type lysozyme (splys-i) in mud crab (scylla paramamosain) exhibiting muramidase-deficient antimicrobial activity. | lysozymes are widely distributed immune effectors exerting muramidase activity against the peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall to trigger cell lysis. however, some invertebrate-type (i-type) lysozymes deficient of muramidase activity still exhibit antimicrobial activity. to date, the mechanism underlying the antimicrobial effect of muramidase-deficient i-type lysozymes remains unclear. accordingly, this study characterized a novel i-type lysozyme, splys-i, in the mud crab scylla paramamosai ... | 2017 | 28438599 |
| first complete genome sequence of bacillus glycinifermentans b-27. | the first complete genome sequence of bacillus glycinifermentans b-27 was determined by smrt sequencing generating a genome sequence with a total length of 4,607,442 bases. based on this sequence 4738 protein-coding sequences were predicted and used to identify gene clusters that are related to the production of secondary metabolites such as lichenysin, bacillibactin and bacitracin. this genomic potential combined with the ability of b. glycinifermentans b-27 to grown in bile containing media mi ... | 2017 | 28438580 |
| structure of the fundamental lipopeptide surfactin at the air/water interface investigated by sum frequency generation spectroscopy. | the lipopeptide surfactin produced by certain strains of bacillus subtilis is a powerful biosurfactant possessing potentially useful antimicrobial properties. in order to better understand its surface behavior, we have used surface sensitive sum frequency generation (sfg) vibrational spectroscopy in the c-h and c═o stretching regions to determine its structure at the air/water interface. using surfactin with the leucine groups of the peptide ring perdeuterated, we have shown that a majority of t ... | 2017 | 28437109 |
| srna-mediated activation of gene expression by inhibition of 5'-3' exonucleolytic mrna degradation. | post-transcriptional control by small regulatory rna (srna) is critical for rapid adaptive processes. srnas can directly modulate mrna degradation in proteobacteria without interfering with translation. however, firmicutes have a fundamentally different set of ribonucleases for mrna degradation and whether srnas can regulate the activity of these enzymes is an open question. we show that bacillus subtilis roxs, a major trans-acting srna shared with staphylococus aureus, prevents degradation of t ... | 2017 | 28436820 |
| microbial flora, probiotics, bacillus subtilis and the search for a long and healthy human longevity. | probiotics are live microorganisms that have beneficial effects on host health, including extended lifespan, when they are administered or present in adequate quantities. however, the mechanisms by which probiotics stimulate host longevity remain unclear and very poorly understood. in a recent study (nat. commun. 8, 14332 (2017) doi: 10.1038/ncomms14332), we used the spore-forming probiotic bacterium bacillus subtilis and the model organism caenorhabditis elegans to study the mechanism by which ... | 2017 | 28435840 |
| evaluation of the synergistic effect of mixed cultures of white-rot fungus pleurotus ostreatus and biosurfactant-producing bacteria on ddt biodegradation. | ddt (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane) is one of the organic synthetic pesticides that has many negative effects for human health and the environment. the purpose of this study was to investigate the synergistic effect of mixed cutures of white-rot fungus, pleurotus ostreatus, and biosurfactant-producing bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa and bacillus subtilis, on ddt biodegradation. bacteria was added into p. ostreatus culture (mycelial wet weight on average by 8.53 g) in concentrat ... | 2017 | 28434213 |
| the inability of bacillus licheniformis perr mutant to grow is mainly due to the lack of perr-mediated fur repression. | perr, a member of fur family protein, is a metal-dependent h2o2 sensing transcription factor that regulates genes involved in peroxide stress response. industrially important bacterium bacillus licheniformis contains three perr-like proteins (perrbl, perr2, and perr3) compared to its close relative bacillus subtilis. interestingly, unlike other bacteria including b. subtilis, no authentic perr bl null mutant could be established for b. licheniformis. thus, we constructed a conditional perr bl mu ... | 2017 | 28434086 |
| effects of dietary supplementation with fenugreek seeds, alone or in combination with probiotics, on gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) skin mucosal immunity. | despite increasing interest in modulating the immune response of fish, providing a combination of probiotics and herbal immunostimulants in aquafeed has rarely has been studied. the effects on gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) of the dietary administration of fenugreek (trigonella foenum graecum) seeds alone (fe), or combined with one of the following probiotic strains: bacillus licheniformis (febl), lactobacillus plantarum (felp) or bacillus subtilis (febs) were evaluated. fish were fed a co ... | 2017 | 28433714 |
| a new-generation of bacillus subtilis cell factory for further elevated scyllo-inositol production. | a stereoisomer of inositol, scyllo-inositol (si), has been regarded as a promising therapeutic agent for alzheimer's disease. however, this compound is relatively rare, whereas another stereoisomer of inositol, myo-inositol (mi) is abundant in nature. bacillus subtilis 168 has the ability to metabolize inositol stereoisomers, including mi and si. previously, we reported a b. subtilis cell factory with modified inositol metabolism that converts mi into si in the culture medium. the strain was con ... | 2017 | 28431560 |
| enhancement of ethyl (s)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate production at high substrate concentration by in situ resin adsorption. | asymmetric reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutyrate (cobe) by carbonyl reductases presents an efficient way to produce ethyl (s)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate ((s)-chbe), an important chiral intermediate for the synthesis of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa reductase inhibitors such as lipitor(®). in this study, an nadph-dependent carbonyl reductase (srcr) from synechocystis sp. was characterized to demonstrate a broad substrate spectrum, and the highest activity (53.1u/mg protein) with cobe. to regener ... | 2017 | 28427921 |
| effect of deletion of 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene (bdha) on acetoin production of bacillus subtilis. | the present work aims to block 2,3-butanediol synthesis in acetoin fermentation of bacillus subtilis. first, we constructed a recombinant strain bs168d by deleting the 2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase gene bdha of the b. subtilis168, and there was almost no 2,3-butanediol production in 20 g/l of glucose media. the acetoin yield of bs168d reached 6.61 g/l, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of the control b. subtilis168 (4.47 g/l). then, when the glucose concentration was increased to 100 g/l ... | 2017 | 28426331 |
| synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of novel thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles based on aroylacrylic acids. | here it is described the synthesis, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity determination of novel rel-([formula: see text])-6-benzoyl-7-phenyl-2-oxo-3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2h-thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazole-5-carboxylic acids. the target compounds were obtained in good yields from 5-arylidene-4-thioxo-2-thiazolidinones and [formula: see text]-aroylacrylic acids via regio- and diastereoselective hetero-diels-alder reaction. the stereochemistry of the cycloaddition was confirmed by nmr spectra. the antioxid ... | 2017 | 28424934 |
| gc-ms based metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of different solvent extracts of malaysian plectranthus amboinicus leaves. | this study evaluates the phytochemistry, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of plectranthus amboinicus leaves extracted in different solvents. the methanol extract contained the highest total phenolic (94.37 ± 1.24 mg gae/g) and flavonoid contents (26.90 ± 1.35 mg re/g) and exhibited the highest dpph scavenging activity (90.13 ± 3.32%) followed by the acetone extract (80.23 ± 3.26%) at 500 μg/ml concentration. similarly, the highest ferric ion reduction potential (849.63 ± 30.95 μm of fe (ii ... | 2017 | 28424737 |
| bacillus subtilis improves immunity and disease resistance in rabbits. | probiotics such as lactobacillus and bifidobacterium have been successfully used to promote growth and prevent diseases. previous reports have demonstrated that bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) was a potential probiotic for animals. in this research, 180 b. subtilis were isolated from the soil, identified, and investigated in vitro. furthermore, five b. subtilis were selected and mixed to investigate their effect on growth performance, immune response, intestine microbiota, and disease resistance ... | 2017 | 28424690 |
| molecular profiling and bioactive potential of an endophytic fungus aspergillus sulphureus isolated from sida acuta: a medicinal plant. | sida acuta burm.f. (malvaceae) extracts are reported to have applications against malaria, diuretic, antipyretic, nervous and urinary diseases. no fungal endophytes of s. acuta are reported. | 2017 | 28424024 |
| protective effects of bacillus subtilis against salmonella infection in the microbiome of hy-line brown layers. | this study investigated the effects of bacillus subtilis csl2 administration before salmonella challenge on the fecal microbiota and microbial functionality of hy-line brown (hlb) laying hens. | 2017 | 28423869 |
| the effects of direct-fed microbial supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immune status, and epithelial barrier gene expression in broiler chickens. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of bacillus subtilis-based probiotic supplementation in broiler chicken diets on growth performance, feed efficiency, intestinal cytokine, and tight junction (tj) protein mrna expression. zero-day-old broiler chicks (n = 140) were randomly assigned to one of five dietary treatments: basal diet (con); basal diet supplemented with either antibiotic bacitracin methylene disalicylate (bmd); or probiotics, namely, b. subtilis strain 1781 (pb1 ... | 2017 | 28421423 |
| sporulation: how to survive on planet earth (and beyond). | sporulation is a strategy widely utilized by a wide variety of organisms to adapt to changes in their individual environmental niches and survive in time and/or space until they encounter conditions acceptable for vegetative growth. the spores produced by bacteria have been the subjects of extensive studies, and several systems such as bacillus subtilis have provided ample opportunities to understand the molecular basis of spore biogenesis and germination. in contrast, the spores of other microb ... | 2017 | 28421279 |
| control of potassium homeostasis is an essential function of the second messenger cyclic di-amp in bacillus subtilis. | the second messenger cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-amp) is essential in the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis and in related pathogenic bacteria. it controls the activity of the conserved ydao riboswitch and of several proteins involved in potassium (k(+)) uptake. we found that the ydao protein was conserved among several different bacteria and provide evidence that ydao functions as a k(+) transporter. thus, we renamed the gene and protein kima (k(+) importer a). reporter ... | 2017 | 28420751 |
| volatile organic compounds produced by a soil-isolate, bacillus subtilis fa26 induce adverse ultra-structural changes to the cells of clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus, the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. | rhizobacterial volatile organic compounds (vocs) play an important role in the suppression of soil-borne phytopathogens. in this study, the vocs produced by a soil-isolate, bacillus subtilis fa26, were evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (cms), the causal agent of bacterial ring rot of potato. the vocs emitted by fa26 inhibited the growth of cms significantly compared with the control. scanning and transmission electron microscop ... | 2017 | 28418289 |
| draft genome sequence of a biosurfactant-producing bacillus subtilis umx-103 isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in terengganu, malaysia. | the draft genome here presents the sequence of bacillus subtilis umx-103. the bacterial strain was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil from terengganu, malaysia. the whole genome of the bacterium was sequenced using illumina hiseq 2000 sequencing platform. the genome was assembled using de novo approach. the genome size of umx-103 is 4,234,627 bp with 4399 genes comprising 4301 protein-coding genes and 98 rna genes. the analysis of assembled genes revealed the presence of 25 genes involv ... | 2017 | 28417189 |
| anti-influenza activity of a bacillus subtilis probiotic strain. | among bacillus bacteria, b. subtilis is the species that produces the most antimicrobial compounds. in this study, we analyzed the activity of probiotic strain b. subtilis 3 against the influenza virus. the antiviral effect of this strain has been demonstrated in vitro and in vivo a new peptide, p18, produced by the probiotic strain was isolated, purified, chemically synthesized, and characterized. cytotoxicity studies demonstrated no toxic effect of p18 on madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells ... | 2017 | 28416546 |
| syntheses of benzophenone-xanthone hybrid polyketides and their antibacterial activities. | muchimangins are benzophenone-xanthone hybrid polyketides produced by securidaca longepedunculata. however, their biological activities have not been fully investigated, since they are minor constituents in this plant. to evaluate the possibility of muchimangins as antibacterial agent candidates, five muchimangin analogs were synthesized from 2,4,5-trimethoxydiphenyl methanol and the corresponding xanthones, by utilizing p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate for the brønsted acid-catalysis. the ant ... | 2017 | 28416134 |
| the effects of fermentation and enzymatic treatment of pea on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of broilers. | the present study examined the impacts of native, fermented or enzymatically treated peas (pisum sativum l.) inclusion in broiler diets, on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. for the fermentation process, madonna pea was mixed with water (1/1) containing 2.57×108 bacillus subtilis (gallipro®) spores/kg pea and then, incubated for 48 h at 30 °c. for the enzymatic treatment process, the used water for dough production contained three enzymes, alphagaltm (α-galactosidase), ronozyme® pro ... | 2017 | 28416038 |
| phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts of lippia citriodora: antimicrobial, larvicidal and photocatalytic evaluations. | nanoscience and nanotechnology represent new and enabling platforms that promise to provide broad range of novel and improved technologies for environmental, biological and other scientific applications. this study reports the synthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by aqueous leaf extract of lippia citriodora at two different temperatures of 50°c and 90°c. the synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (agnps) was monitored by the use of uv-visible spectroscopy at different temperatures and ... | 2017 | 28415554 |
| effect of variable aminoalkyl chains on chemical grafting of cellulose nanofiber and their antimicrobial activity. | recent focus on the preparation of antimicrobial surfaces using cellulose nanofibers (cnf) has gained considerable attention. in this work, functionalization of cnf films in 100% aqueous solution with three different aminosilanes, including 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (apms), 2-aminoethyl 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (dams)and 3-2-(2-aminoethylamino) ethylamino propyl-trimethoxysilane (tams) is reported for the fabrication of contact active antimicrobial materials. grafted cnf films were co ... | 2017 | 28415526 |
| using the pimeloyl-coa synthetase adenylation fold to synthesize fatty acid thioesters. | biotin is an essential vitamin in plants and mammals, functioning as the carbon dioxide carrier within central lipid metabolism. bacterial pimeloyl-coa synthetase (biow) acts as a highly specific substrate-selection gate, ensuring the integrity of the carbon chain in biotin synthesis. biow catalyzes the condensation of pimelic acid (c7 dicarboxylic acid) with coash in an atp-dependent manner to form pimeloyl-coa, the first dedicated biotin building block. multiple structures of bacillus subtilis ... | 2017 | 28414710 |
| suppression of enteric bacteria by bacteriophages: importance of phage polyvalence in the presence of soil bacteria. | bacteriophages are widely recognized for their importance in microbial ecology and bacterial control. however, little is known about how phage polyvalence (i.e., broad host range) affects bacterial suppression and interspecies competition in environments harboring enteric pathogens and soil bacteria. here we compare the efficacy of polyvalent phage pef1 versus coliphage t4 in suppressing a model enteric bacterium (e. coli k-12) in mixtures with soil bacteria (pseudomonas putida f1 and bacillus s ... | 2017 | 28414441 |
| crystal structure of the c-terminal domain of bacillus subtilis gabr reveals a closed conformation by γ-aminobutyric acid binding, inducing transcriptional activation. | bacillus subtilis gabr (bsgabr) is involved in the γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) catabolism as a transcriptional regulator, consisting of an n-terminal helix-turn-helix dna-binding domain and a c-terminal aminotransferase-like (at-like) domain. research on the c-terminal at-like domain of bsgabr (bsgabr-ctd) has focused on the interaction with gaba as an effector, but most its functional details remain unclear. to understand the underlying mechanism, we report the crystal structure of bsgabr-ctd in ... | 2017 | 28412355 |
| instant green synthesis of silver-based herbo-metallic colloidal nanosuspension in terminalia bellirica fruit aqueous extract for catalytic and antibacterial applications. | in the present study, microwave-assisted, optimized, instant, terminalia bellirica fruit extract-mediated green synthesis of colloidal silver nanoparticles (agnps) has been reported. the synthesized agnps were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, zetasizer, fesem, edx and xrd. the characteristic surface plasmon peak of reaction mixture at 406 nm confirmed the synthesis of agnps. the ftir studies confirmed phytoconstituents were responsible for the synthesis and stability of agnps. the fes ... | 2017 | 28409425 |
| cell wall-deficient, l-form bacteria in the 21st century: a personal perspective. | the peptidoglycan (pg) cell wall is a defining feature of the bacteria. it emerged very early in evolution and must have contributed significantly to the success of these organisms. the wall features prominently in our thinking about bacterial cell function, and its synthesis involves the action of several dozen proteins that are normally essential for viability. surprisingly, it turns out to be relatively simple to generate bacterial genetic variants called l-forms that completely lack pg. they ... | 2017 | 28408469 |
| cell death pathway that monitors spore morphogenesis. | the use of quality control mechanisms to stall developmental pathways or completely remove defective cells from a population is a widespread strategy to ensure the integrity of morphogenetic programs. endospore formation (sporulation) is a well conserved microbial developmental strategy in the firmicutes phylum wherein a progenitor cell that faces starvation differentiates to form a dormant spore. despite the conservation of this strategy, it has been unclear what selective pressure maintains th ... | 2017 | 28408070 |
| molecular characterization of an unauthorized genetically modified bacillus subtilis production strain identified in a vitamin b2 feed additive. | many food and feed additives result from fermentation of genetically modified (gm) microorganisms. for vitamin b2 (riboflavin), gm bacillus subtilis production strains have been developed and are often used. the presence of neither the gm strain nor its recombinant dna is allowed for fermentation products placed on the eu market as food or feed additive. a vitamin b2 product (80% feed grade) imported from china was analysed. viable b. subtilis cells were identified and dnas of two bacterial isol ... | 2017 | 28407967 |
| a network of cis and trans interactions is required for parb spreading. | most bacteria utilize the highly conserved parabs partitioning system in plasmid and chromosome segregation. this system depends on a dna-binding protein parb, which binds specifically to the centromere dna sequence pars and to adjacent non-specific dna over multiple kilobases in a phenomenon called spreading. previous single-molecule experiments in combination with genetic, biochemical and computational studies have argued that parb spreading requires cooperative interactions between parb dimer ... | 2017 | 28407103 |
| membrane penetration by bacterial viruses. | the bacteriophage ϕ29 infects gram-positive bacillus subtilis with a short noncontractile tail. recent studies showed that the ϕ29 tail protein gp9 forms a hexameric tube with six long loops of membrane-active peptides blocking in the tube at the distal end of the tail. the long loops exit on genome release and form a membrane pore for passage of the genome. the membrane penetration mechanism of the ϕ29 tail might be common among tailed bacteriophages. | 2017 | 28404851 |
| empirical bayes method for reducing false discovery rates of correlation matrices with block diagonal structure. | correlation matrices are important in inferring relationships and networks between regulatory or signalling elements in biological systems. with currently available technology sample sizes for experiments are typically small, meaning that these correlations can be difficult to estimate. at a genome-wide scale estimation of correlation matrices can also be computationally demanding. | 2017 | 28403823 |
| a non-canonical multisubunit rna polymerase encoded by the ar9 phage recognizes the template strand of its uracil-containing promoters. | ar9 is a giant bacillus subtilis phage whose uracil-containing double-stranded dna genome encodes distant homologs of β and β' subunits of bacterial rna polymerase (rnap). the products of these genes are thought to assemble into two non-canonical multisubunit rnaps - a virion rnap (vrnap) that is injected into the host along with phage dna to transcribe early phage genes, and a non-virion rnap (nvrnap), which is synthesized during the infection and transcribes late phage genes. we purified the a ... | 2017 | 28402520 |
| bioremediation of methylene blue dye using bacillus subtilis mtcc 441. | methylene blue (mb) commonly found in the textile industry effluent has been chosen as a model dye to investigate bioremediation using bacillus subtilis mtcc 441. both free cells and calcium alginate immobilized cells have been used to remove mb from the effluent. the operating variables of initial concentration of dye (20-60 mg/l), inoculum size (4-8%) and temperature (25-35 °c) have been varied judiciously during the kinetic study in a batch contactor. a maximum removal of 91.68% is obtained w ... | 2017 | 28402298 |
| the choice of the anchoring protein influences the interaction of recombinant bacillus spores with the immune system. | the technology of display of heterologous proteins on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores enables use of these structures as carriers of antigens for mucosal vaccination. currently, there are no technical possibilities to predict whether a designed fusion will be efficiently displayed on the spore surface and how such recombinant spores will interact with cells of the immune system. in this study, we compared four variants of b. subtilis spores presenting a fragment of a flid protein from cl ... | 2017 | 28399189 |
| effects of fermented cottonseed meal on the growth performance, gastrointestinal microflora population and small intestinal morphology in broiler chickens. | 1. this experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing dietary cottonseed meal (csm) or fermented cottonseed meal (fcsm) for soya bean meal (sbm) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, gastrointestinal microbial populations, and intestinal morphology of broiler chickens. 2. csm was fermented with bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger and a. oryzae for 7 d. a total of 300 one-d-old male ross 308 broiler chickens were used in a 42-d experiment in which the birds were randoml ... | 2017 | 28398088 |
| healable antifouling films composed of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and poly(acrylic acid). | antifouling polymeric films can prevent undesirable adhesion of bacteria but are prone to accidental scratches, leading to a loss of their antifouling functions. to solve this problem, we report the fabrication of healable antifouling polymeric films by layer-by-layer assembly of partially hydrolyzed poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (petox-ei-7%) and poly(acrylic acid) (paa) based on hydrogen-bonding interaction as the driving force. the thermally cross-linked (paa/petox-ei-7%)*100 films show strong re ... | 2017 | 28398038 |
| cut in translation: ribosome-dependent mrna decay. | transcription and translation are two complex mechanisms that are tightly coupled in prokaryotic cells. even before the completion of transcription, ribosomes attach to the nascent mrna and initiate protein synthesis. remarkably, recent publications have indicated an association between translation and decay of certain mrnas. in this issue of the embo journal, leroy et al (2017) depicts a fascinating mechanism of mrna degradation, which involves the ribosome-associated ribonuclease rae1 in bacil ... | 2017 | 28396493 |
| probiotic bacillus: fate during sausage processing and storage and influence of different culturing conditions on recovery of their spores. | the current study was designed to assess the fate of probiotic strains of bacillus coagulans atcc 31284 and bacillus subtilis var. natto atcc 15245 (as spores) during processing and refrigerated storage of cooked sausage as well as the influence of culturing conditions on the recovery of spores. the highest recovery of b. coagulans atcc 31284 and b. subtilis var. natto atcc 15245 spores were obtained on trypticase soy agar (tsa) (15.22 and 15.12logcfu/ml, respectively) which was carried out unde ... | 2017 | 28395824 |
| agro-industrial wastes for production of biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis anr 88 and its application in synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. | biosurfactants, surface-active amphiphilic compounds, despite having a wide range of applications, have a high cost of production, which severely restricts their use. for cheaper production of biosurfactant, we investigated the potential of the indigenously isolated biosurfactant producing organism, bacillus subtilis anr 88, to grow on different cheap carbon sources (molasses, whey, and extracts of potato peels, orange peels, banana peels, and bagasse). we found that, b. subtilis anr 88 used sig ... | 2017 | 28392783 |
| nattokinase, profibrinolytic enzyme, effectively shrinks the nasal polyp tissue and decreases viscosity of mucus. | chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (crswnp) is often comorbid with asthma and resistant to therapeutic interventions. we recently reported that excessive fibrin deposition caused by impairment of fibrinolysis might play pivotal role in forming nasal polyp. nattokinase (nk), a serine protease produced by bacillus subtilis, has been reported to be a strong fibrinolytic enzyme. nk could be a promising drug candidate for use in the treatment of both crswnp and asthma. the objective of this stu ... | 2017 | 28389065 |
| structural insight into the specific dna template binding to dnag primase in bacteria. | bacterial primase initiates the repeated synthesis of short rna primers that are extended by dna polymerase to synthesize okazaki fragments on the lagging strand at replication forks. it remains unclear how the enzyme recognizes specific initiation sites. in this study, the dnag primase from bacillus subtilis (bsudnag) was characterized and the crystal structure of the rna polymerase domain (rpd) was determined. structural comparisons revealed that the tethered zinc binding domain plays an impor ... | 2017 | 28386108 |
| coupling between distant biofilms and emergence of nutrient time-sharing. | bacteria within communities can interact to organize their behavior. it has been unclear whether such interactions can extend beyond a single community to coordinate the behavior of distant populations. we discovered that two bacillus subtilis biofilm communities undergoing metabolic oscillations can become coupled through electrical signaling and synchronize their growth dynamics. coupling increases competition by also synchronizing demand for limited nutrients. as predicted by mathematical mod ... | 2017 | 28386026 |
| proteins ylaj and yhcn contribute to the efficiency of spore germination in bacillus subtilis. | the ylaj and yhcn spore lipoproteins of bacillus subtilis contain a common domain, and are of unknown function. homologues of ylaj or yhcn are widespread in bacilli and are also encoded in those clostridia that use cortex lytic enzymes sleb and cwlj for cortex hydrolysis during germination. in b. subtilis, we report that single and double mutants lacking ylaj and/or yhcn show a reduced rate of spore germination in l-alanine, with a delay in loss of heat resistance, release of dipicolinic acid an ... | 2017 | 28333204 |
| probing the influence of non-covalent contact networks identified by charge density analysis on the oxidoreductase bacc. | bacillus subtilis bacc is an oxidoreductase involved in the biosynthesis of the potent antibiotic bacilysin. the crystal structure of bacc was determined at 1.19 å resolution. an experimental charge density approach was used to calculate non-covalent interactions within the monomer and across the dimeric interface of bacc. this interaction network, in turn, enabled an analysis of non-covalently connected paths that span the protein structure. one of the pathways of non-covalent interactions was ... | 2017 | 28158843 |
| dna-binding proteins essential for protein-primed bacteriophage φ29 dna replication. | bacillus subtilis phage φ29 has a linear, double-stranded dna 19 kb long with an inverted terminal repeat of 6 nucleotides and a protein covalently linked to the 5' ends of the dna. this protein, called terminal protein (tp), is the primer for the initiation of replication, a reaction catalyzed by the viral dna polymerase at the two dna ends. the dna polymerase further elongates the nascent dna chain in a processive manner, coupling strand displacement with elongation. the viral protein p5 is a ... | 2016 | 27547754 |
| engineering and characterization of fluorogenic glycine riboswitches. | a set of 12 fluorogenic glycine riboswitches with different thermodynamic and kinetic response properties was engineered. for the design of functional riboswitches, a three-part rna approach was applied based on the idea of linking a rna sensor, transmitter and actuator part together. for the rna sensor and actuator part, we used the tandem glycine aptamer structure from bacillus subtillis, and fluorogenic aptamer spinach, respectively. to achieve optimal signal transduction from the sensor to t ... | 2016 | 27220466 |
| silver/chitosan-based janus particles: synthesis, characterization, and assessment of antimicrobial activity in vivo and vitro. | janus particles containing chitosan and silver were synthesized in an eco-friendly manner and were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. based on the data of the antimicrobial activity assessment, this material exhibited a higher antimicrobial activity than virgin chitosan with long-lasting antibacterial effectiveness against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli and salmonella choleraesuis bacteria, as well as botrytis cinerea fungi. the results showed that the ... | 2015 | 28433312 |
| synthesis of potentially-bioactive lactosyl-oligofructosides by a novel bi-enzymatic system using bacterial fructansucrases. | efficient enzymatic synthesis of lactosyl-oligofructosides (lfos) with a degree of polymerization from 4 to 8 was achieved in the presence of sucrose:lactosucrose and sucrose:lactose mixtures by transfructosylation reaction. the main synthesized lfos which consist of β-2,1-linked fructose to lactosucrose: β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-[(1→2)-β-d-fructofuranosyl]n-(1→2)-β-d-fructofuranoside (where n refers to the number of transferred fructose moieties) was structurally characteri ... | 2015 | 28433290 |
| metabolite profiling, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of brazilian propolis: use of correlation and multivariate analyses to identify potential bioactive compounds. | the production of propolis by honeybees results from a selective collection of exudates from various plant species and present many potentialities in the pharmaceutical industry. the objective of this study was to investigate the chemical profile of brazilian propolis, as well as their in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied for chemical profiling of propolis extracts. total phenolic compounds were quantified by folin-ciocalteu and anti ... | 2015 | 28455025 |
| surfactin at the water/air interface and in solution. | the lipopeptide surfactin produced by certain strains of bacillus subtillis is a potent biosurfactant with high amphiphilicity and a strong tendency for self-aggregation. surfactin possesses a number of valuable biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and hemolytic activities. owing to these properties, in addition to the general advantages of biosurfactants over synthetic surfactants, surfactin has potential biotechnological and biomedical applications. here, the agg ... | 2015 | 26393968 |
| metal ion-dependent anti-termination of transcriptional regulation of ribonucleoprotein complexes. | anti-terminator proteins are frequently used by bacteria to sense a specific metabolite signal and direct rna polymerase to either terminate or continue transcription of the genes downstream of an operon. one such protein is hutp, which binds to upstream cis-regulatory sequences to regulate expression of the histidine utilization (hut) operon in bacillus subtilis. hutp must be activated by l-histidine and divalent metal ions before binding to hut mrna; binding of activated hutp prevents terminat ... | 2014 | 28510182 |
| isolation and partial purification of erythromycin from alkaliphilic streptomyces werraensis isolated from rajkot, india. | an alkaliphilic actinomycete, bci-1, was isolated from soil samples collected from saurashtra university campus, gujarat. isolated strain was identified as streptomyces werraensis based on morphological, biochemical and phylogenetic analysis. maximum antibiotic production was obtained in media containing sucrose 2%, yeast extract 1.5%, and nacl 2.5% at ph 9.0 for 7 days at 30 °c. maximum inhibitory compound was produced at ph 9 and at 30 °c. ftir revealed imine, amine, alkane (c 000000000000 000 ... | 2014 | 28435796 |
| bacillus subtillis rtsba6 6.00, a new strain isolated from gut of helicoverpa armigera (lepidoptera: noctuidae) produces chymotrypsin-like proteases. | exploring bacterial communities with proteolytic activity from the gut of the helicoverpa armigera (hubner) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) insect pests was the purpose of this study. as initial efforts to achieve this goal here we report the isolation of new bacillus subtillis rtsba6 6.00 strain from the gut of h. armigera and demonstrated as proteases producer. zymographic analysis revealed 12 proteolytic bands with apparent molecular weights ranging from 20 to 185 kda. although some activity was det ... | 2012 | 23961192 |
| single-stranded dna binding protein gp5 of bacillus subtilis phage φ29 is required for viral dna replication in growth-temperature dependent fashion. | in the absence of viral single-stranded dna binding protein gp5, bacillus subtilis phage φ29 failed to grow and to replicate its genome at 45 °c, while it grew and replicated normally at 30 °c and 42 °c. this indicates that gp5 is dispensable for φ29 dna replication at 42 °c and lower temperatures. | 2012 | 23221709 |
| chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of heracleum rigens. | the essential oil was extracted from the seeds of heracleum rigens by hydrodistillation and a total of twenty compounds accounting for 98.5% of the total oil composition were identified. physicochemical properties and chemical composition of the oil was determined by a combination gc/fid and gc/ms analysis. the major compounds identified were bornyl acetate (51.2%), alpha-pinene (22.6%), limonene (9.62%), octyl acetate (3.94%), rho-cymene (2.85%) and gamma-terpinene (1.93%). the antimicrobial ac ... | 2012 | 22908589 |
| role of host factors in bacteriophage φ29 dna replication. | during the course of evolution, viruses have learned to take advantage of the natural resources of their hosts for their own benefit. due to their small dimension and limited size of genomes, bacteriophages have optimized the exploitation of bacterial host factors to increase the efficiency of dna replication and hence to produce vast progeny. the bacillus subtilis phage φ29 genome consists of a linear double-stranded dna molecule that is duplicated by means of a protein-primed mode of dna repli ... | 2012 | 22420858 |
| functional linkages between replication proteins of genes 1, 3 and 5 of bacillus subtilis phage φ29. | gene 1 product (gp1) of bacillus subtilis phage φ29 has been shown to be involved in viral dna replication in vivo, but the essential role is still unknown. as part of an ongoing effort to understand the role of gp1 in viral dna replication, we investigated genetic interaction between gene 1 and other viral genes. because φ29 mutants which do not produce functional gp1 show temperature-sensitive growth, we isolated temperature-resistant phages from the φ29 gene 1 mutants, and eventually, obtaine ... | 2012 | 23558641 |
| recombination and migration rates in natural populations of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mojavensis. | we have investigated the rates of recombination and migration in native populations of two closely related, naturally competent bacillus species. native soil isolates of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mojavensis were obtained from three continents and, within north america, from populations at a range of geographical distances from one another. the rate of recombination within populations of each species was estimated from restriction-site data for three genes. recombination was shown to occur w ... | 1995 | 28568514 |
| does recombination constrain neutral divergence among bacterial taxa? | a coalescence model for predicting the fate of neutral divergence among closely related taxa distinguishable as separate dna sequence clusters is presented here. the model simulates iteratively the positive feedback between sequence divergence and sexual isolation among taxa, where increases in sequence divergence result in reduced recombination, and reduced recombination results in increased sequence divergence. iteration of this feedback is continued until sequence divergence either converges ... | 1995 | 28593680 |
| fine-scale genetic and phenotypic structure in natural populations of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis: implications for bacterial evolution and speciation. | the genetic and phenotypic structure of sympatric populations of wild bacteria traditionally identified as bacillus subtilis and b. licheniformis was analyzed. small soil samples were taken from a single, tiny site in the sonoran desert of arizona, usa, to provide a true population analysis, in contrast to many analyses of genetic structure using bacterial strain collections of widely heterogeneous origin. genetic analyses of isolates used multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, mismatches in restric ... | 1994 | 28565163 |
| amelioration of the deleterious pleiotropic effects of an adaptive mutation in bacillus subtilis. | the deleterious pleiotropic effects of an adaptive mutation may be ameliorated by one of two modes of evolution: (1) by replacement, in which an adaptive mutation with harmful pleiotropic effects is replaced by one that confers an equal benefit but at less cost; or (2) by compensatory evolution, in which natural selection favors modifiers at other loci that compensate for the deleterious effects of the mutant allele. in this study, we have measured the potential of these two modes of evolution t ... | 1994 | 28567791 |
| the potential for genetic exchange by transformation within a natural population of bacillus subtilis. | we have investigated the potential for genetic exchange by transformation within a mojave desert population of bacillus subtilis. almost all strains surveyed were competent for transformation, and the strains varied over almost three orders of magnitude in their levels of competence. this high degree of variation suggests that natural selection toward an optimal level of competence is, at most, very weak in this population. six of 24 competent strains showed sexual isolation from laboratory stra ... | 1991 | 28563825 |
| genetic exchange between bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis: variable hybrid stability and the nature of bacterial species. | experiments employing both broth and soil cultures demonstrated the capacity for bidirectional genetic exchange between the eubacterial species bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis. the process was studied using standard laboratory strains and wild isolates of these species. the genetic exchange in soil occurs spontaneously. the interspecific recombination involved markers for antibiotic resistance and for the use of specific carbon sources (api characters). hybrids frequently had unstab ... | 1989 | 28564334 |
| parasexuality and microevolution in experimental populations of bacillus subtilis. | | 1981 | 28581042 |
| study on community structure of microbial consortium for the degradation of viscose fiber wastewater. | enrichment culture was applied to obtain microbial consortium from activated sludge samples collected from biodegradation system, a chemical fiber plant in hebei province, china. bacterial composition and community dynamic variation were assessed employing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis fingerprinting technology based on amplified 16s rrna genes in the entire process of enrichment culture for viscose fiber wastewater. | 2017 | 28748136 |
| efficacy of radiant catalytic ionization to reduce bacterial populations in air and on different surfaces. | air contamination by biological agents is often observed in medical or veterinary facilities and industrial plants. bioaerosols may sediment and pose the surface contamination. microorganisms present on them may become a source of infections among humans and food contamination. this study determined the use of oxidative gases, including ozone and peroxide, generated by the radiant catalytic ionization (rci) cell for the inactivation of acinetobacter baumannii, escherichia coli, enterococcus faec ... | 2017 | 28803189 |
| antibiosis and bmyb gene presence as prevalent traits for the selection of efficient bacillus biocontrol agents against crown gall disease. | this study aimed to improve the screening method for the selection of bacillus biocontrol agents against crown gall disease. the relationship between the strain biocontrol ability and their in vitro studied traits was investigated to identify the most important factors to be considered for the selection of effective biocontrol agents. in fact, previous selection procedure relying only on in vitro antibacterial activity was shown to be not suitable in some cases. a direct plant-protection strateg ... | 2017 | 28855909 |
| antimicrobial properties of silver cations substituted to faujasite mineral. | a goal of our study was to find an alternative to nano-silver-based antimicrobial materials which would contain active silver immobilized in a solid matrix that prevents its migration into the surrounding environment. in this study, we investigated whether silver cations dispersed in an atomic form and trapped in an ion-exchanged zeolite show comparable antimicrobial activity to silver nanoparticles (nps). the biocidal active material was prepared from the sodium form of faujasite type zeolite i ... | 2017 | 28846614 |
| natural variations in the biofilm-associated protein bsla from the genus bacillus. | bsla is a protein secreted by bacillus subtilis which forms a hydrophobic film that coats the biofilm surface and renders it water-repellent. we have characterised three orthologues of bsla from bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus pumilus as well as a paralogue from b. subtilis called ywea. we find that the three orthologous proteins can substitute for bsla in b. subtilis and confer a degree of protection, whereas ywea cannot. the degree to which the proteins function ... | 2017 | 28751732 |
| in bacillus subtilis, the sata (formerly yyar) acetyltransferase detoxifies streptothricin via lysine acetylation. | soil is a complex niche, where survival of microorganisms is at risk due to the presence of antimicrobial agents. many microbes chemically modify cytotoxic compounds to block their deleterious effects. streptothricin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by streptomycetes that affects gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria alike. here we identify the sata (for streptothricin acetyltransferase a, formerly yyar) enzyme of bacillus subtilis as the mechanism used by this soil bacterium to detoxi ... | 2017 | 28842538 |
| levels of l-malate and other low molecular weight metabolites in spores of bacillus species and clostridium difficile. | dormant spores of bacillus species lack atp and nadh and contain notable levels of only a few other common low mol wt energy reserves, including 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3pga), and glutamic acid. recently, bacillus subtilis spores were reported to contain ~ 30 μmol of l-malate/g dry wt, which also could serve as an energy reserve. in present work, l-malate levels were determined in the core of dormant spores of b. subtilis, bacillus cereus, bacillus megaterium and clostridium difficile, using bot ... | 2017 | 28850573 |
| antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacterial populations isolated from medical plants of iran. | endophytic actinobacteria colonize inside the plant tissues without causing damages to the host plant. since these microorganisms colonize in the different parts of plants and can stop plant disease, they have been applied as biological agents for controlling human diseases. the aim of this study was molecular identification and measuring the antimicrobial activity of endophytic actinomycetes isolated from medicinal plants of iran. | 2017 | 28775818 |
| boosting isoprene production via heterologous expression of the kudzu isoprene synthase gene (kisps) into bacillus spp. cell factory. | isoprene represents a key building block for the production of valuable materials such as latex, synthetic rubber or pharmaceutical precursors and serves as basis for advanced biofuel production. to enhance the production of the volatile natural hydrocarbon isoprene, released by plants, animals and bacteria, the kudzu isoprene synthase (kisps) gene has been heterologously expressed in bacillus subtilis dsm 402 and bacillus licheniformis dsm 13 using the pht01 vector. as control, the heterologous ... | 2017 | 28791618 |
| probiotics and probiotic metabolic product improved intestinal function and ameliorated lps-induced injury in rats. | in the present study, we sought to determine the effects of bacillus subtilis (bas) and bacillus licheniformis (bal) in rats after lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced acute intestinal inflammation. we also determined whether the b. subtilis metabolic product (basm) is as effective as the live-cell probiotic. 60 male sd rats were randomly assigned to five groups and administered a diet containing 0.05% b. licheniformis (bal group), 0.05% b. subtilis (bas group), 0.5% b. subtilis metabolic product (b ... | 2017 | 28761979 |
| engineering of versatile redox partner fusions that support monooxygenase activity of functionally diverse cytochrome p450s. | most bacterial cytochrome p450 monooxygenases (p450s or cyps) require two redox partner proteins for activity. to reduce complexity of the redox chain, the bacillus subtilis flavodoxin ykun (y) was fused to the escherichia coli flavodoxin reductase fpr (r), and activity was tuned by placing flexible (ggggs)n or rigid ([e/l]pppp)n linkers (n = 1-5) in between. p-linker constructs typically outperformed their g-linker counterparts, with superior performance of yr-p5, which carries linker ([e/l]ppp ... | 2017 | 28852040 |
| interspecies nutrient extraction and toxin delivery between bacteria. | bacteria have developed various mechanisms by which they sense, interact, and kill other bacteria, in an attempt to outcompete one another and survive. here we show that bacillus subtilis can kill and prey on bacillus megaterium. we find that bacillus subtilis rapidly inhibits bacillus megaterium growth by delivering the trnase toxin wapa. furthermore, utilizing the methionine analogue l-azidohomoalanine as a nutrient reporter, we provide evidence of nutrient extraction from bacillus megaterium ... | 2017 | 28827522 |
| molecular characterization and functional analysis of the hepcidin gene from roughskin sculpin (trachidermus fasciatus). | hepcidin is a kind of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptide that plays a vital role in host innate immune activity and iron regulation. here, we report the molecular characterization and functional analysis of a novel hamp1 hepcidin isoforms tf-hep from roughskin sculpin, trachidermus fasciatus. a cdna fragment of 988 bp with an orf of 273 bp was obtained. the coding sequence encodes for a signal peptide of 24 amino acids coupled with a prodomain of 40 amino acids and a mature peptide of 26 amino ... | 2017 | 28743631 |
| display of b. pumilus chitinase on the surface of b. subtilis spore as a potential biopesticide. | chitinases can inhibit the growth of many fungal diseases which are a great threat for global agricultural production. biological control of pathogens like fungi, is believed to be one of the best ways to eliminate the adverse effects of plant pathogens. to this end, we expressed and displayed a chitinase from bacillus pumilus (chis) on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores, as a biocontrol agent. | 2017 | 28755689 |