| structure of a phosphoethanolamine-containing o-polysaccharide of citrobacter freundii strain pcm 1443 from serogroup o39 and its relatedness to the klebsiella pneumoniae o1 polysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide was extracted from cells of citrobacter freundii pcm 1443 from serogroup o39 and degraded by mild acid hydrolysis to give an o-polysaccharide. based on enzymatic and methylation analyses, along with 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, it was found that the lipopolysaccharide studied has two different linear polysaccharide chains of d-galactan type containing 3-substituted galactose residues. one of the galactans has the disaccharide repeating units of alpha-d-g ... | 2008 | 18371072 |
| transcriptional analysis and functional characterization of a gene pair encoding iron-regulated xenocin and immunity proteins of xenorhabdus nematophila. | we describe a two-gene cluster encoding a bacteriocin, xenocin, and the cognate immunity protein in the insect-pathogenic bacterium xenorhabdus nematophila, which infects and kills larval stages of the common crop pest helicoverpa armigera. the two genes, xcina and ximb, are present in the genome as a single transcriptional unit, which is regulated under sos conditions. the stress-inducible promoter was activated by mitomycin c, glucose, and fe(3+) depletion and at an elevated temperature when i ... | 2008 | 18375563 |
| profile of microorganisms and antimicrobial resistance at a tertiary care referral burn centre in iran: emergence of citrobacter freundii as a common microorganism. | infection and antimicrobial resistance are important issues in severe burn. the aims of this prospective study were to investigate the profile of microorganisms and resistance to antimicrobial agents in a tertiary referral burn centre; 113 people aged >10 years, with partial- or full-thickness burns, were included in the study. a total of 733 samples including 275 swabs, 164 tissue biopsies, 258 urine samples, 26 blood samples and 10 sputum samples were collected, from which 124 microorganisms w ... | 2008 | 18378087 |
| antimicrobial activity of ceftobiprole, a novel anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus cephalosporin, tested against contemporary pathogens: results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2005-2006). | ceftobiprole is a 1st-in-class anti-methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) extended-spectrum cephalosporin currently in clinical trials for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections (csssis) and nosocomial pneumonia. this agent is also active against other prominent gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens, making it an attractive candidate for broad-spectrum therapy. we evaluated the in vitro potency of ceftobiprole tested against the most commonly occurring b ... | 2008 | 18385000 |
| detection of the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase type 2 carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme in clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii and k. oxytoca carrying a common plasmid. | the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc) was detected in carbapenem-resistant isolates of citrobacter freundii and klebsiella oxytoca recovered from different patients in a michigan hospital. restriction analysis and hybridization with a kpc-specific probe showed the bla(kpc-2) genes of these two genera of the family enterobacteriaceae are carried on a common plasmid. | 2008 | 18385437 |
| carbon and energy balances of glucose fermentation with hydrogenproducing bacterium citrobacter amalonaticus y19. | for the newly isolated h2-producing chemoheterotrophic bacterium citrobacter amalonaticus y19, anaerobic glucose metabolism was studied in batch cultivation at varying initial glucose concentrations (3.5- 9.5 g/l). the carbon-mass and energy balances were determined and utilized to analyze the carbon metabolic-pathways network. the analyses revealed (a) variable production of major metabolites (h2, ethanol, acetate, lactate, co2, and cell mass) depending on initial glucose levels; (b) influence ... | 2008 | 18388473 |
| krüppel-like factor 5 mediates transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia caused by citrobacter rodentium infection. | krüppel-like factor 5 (klf5) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in proliferating crypt cells of the intestinal epithelium. klf5 has a pro-proliferative effect in vitro and is induced by mitogenic and stress stimuli. to determine whether klf5 is involved in mediating proliferative responses to intestinal stressors in vivo, we examined its function in a mouse model of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia triggered by colonization of the mouse colon by the bacteria citrobacter r ... | 2008 | 18395082 |
| resuscitation of eleven-year vbnc citrobacter. | citrobacter freundii strain wa1 was stressed by incubation in seawater microcosms for eleven years. after two years of starvation, no culturable strain was observed. incubation of samples in nutrient-rich broth medium not supplemented with growth factors, however, allowed resuscitation of vbnc cells so that subsequent plating yielded observable colonies for significantly extended periods of time. recovery of vbnc citrobacter freundii was obtained by incubation in nutrient broth even after eleven ... | 2008 | 18401122 |
| the apolipoprotein e-mimetic peptide cog112 inhibits the inflammatory response to citrobacter rodentium in colonic epithelial cells by preventing nf-kappab activation. | inflammatory bowel disease arises from the interplay between luminal bacteria and the colonic mucosa. targeted inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways without global immunosuppression is highly desirable. apolipoprotein (apo) e has immunomodulatory effects and synthetically derived apoe-mimetic peptides are beneficial in models of sepsis and neuroinflammation. citrobacter rodentium is the rodent equivalent of enteropathogenic escherichia coli, and it causes colitis in mice by colonizing the surf ... | 2008 | 18417477 |
| deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enhances commensal-induced antibody responses and protects against citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) is a negative regulator of lymphocyte responses that is expressed predominantly in macrophages and dendritic cells. we detected it at high levels in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph node of young adult mice, suggesting a role in intestinal immunity. consistent with this idea, we found that ido-deficient mice had elevated baseline levels of immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg in the serum and increased iga in intestinal secretions. these abnormalities were cor ... | 2008 | 18426872 |
| synthesis of spacer-equipped di-, tri-, and the tetrasaccharide fragments of the deacetylated o-ps1 of citrobacter gillenii o9a,9b, and a related pentasaccharide. | the title rhamnooligosaccharides [alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome, alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome, alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->2)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome, and alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->2)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome] were synthesized in a stepwise fashion from 5-methoxycarbony ... | 2008 | 18436197 |
| [nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2006]. | the antibacterial activity of meropenem (mepm) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 876 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 1764 strains of gram-negative bacteria, and 198 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2006 was measured. the results were as follows; 1. mepm was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and haemophilus influenzae. mepm was also ... | 2007 | 18447206 |
| il-6-dependent mucosal protection prevents establishment of a microbial niche for attaching/effacing lesion-forming enteric bacterial pathogens. | enteric infections with attaching/effacing lesion-inducing bacterial pathogens are a worldwide health problem. a murine infection model with one such pathogen, citrobacter rodentium, was used to elucidate the importance of the pleiotropic immune regulator, il-6, in the pathogenesis of infection. il-6 was strongly induced in colonic epithelial cells and macrophages upon c. rodentium infection and was required for effective host defense, because mice lacking il-6 failed to control bacterial number ... | 2008 | 18453602 |
| a convenient microbiological assay employing cell-free extracts for the rapid characterization of gram-negative carbapenemase producers. | the dissemination of metallo and serine carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamases among gram-negative nosocomial bacteria represents an acute problem worldwide. here, we present a rapid and sensitive assay for the characterization of carbapenemase producers to aid in infection control and prevention. | 2008 | 18456651 |
| [cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of lepidochelys olivacea (testudines: cheloniidae) from the north pacific coast of costa rica]. | cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of lepidochelys olivacea (testudines: cheloniidae) from the north pacific coast of costa rica. the aerobic cloacal and nasal bacterial flora of 45 apparently healthy female olive ridley sea turtles (lepidochelys olivacea) was studied at nancite nesting beach, in santa rosa national park (costa rican north pacific) during july and august 2002. bacterial samples were obtained by inserting sterile swabs directly into the cloaca and the nasal cavities of the turtles ... | 2006 | 18457173 |
| microbial degradation of palm (elaeis guineensis) biodiesel. | the kinetics of biodegradation of palm-derived fatty methyl and ethyl esters (elaeis guineensis biodiesel) by a wild-type aerobic bacterial population was measured at 20 degrees c, as the rate of oxygen uptake by a manometric technique. the methyl and ethyl biodiesels were obtained by potassium-hydroxide catalysed trans-esterification of palm oil, respectively. the bacterial flora included the genera bacillus, proteus, pseudomonas, citrobacter and enterobacter. the rate of oxygen uptake for palm ... | 2006 | 18457175 |
| molecular survey of beta-lactamases conferring resistance to newer beta-lactams in enterobacteriaceae isolates from polish hospitals. | the first national survey of resistance to newer beta-lactams in nosocomial populations of enterobacteriaceae in poland was performed. the study covered all nonrepetitive enterobacterial isolates cultured from specimens from inpatients in 13 regional secondary-care hospitals from november 2003 to january 2004. among 2,388 isolates, the predominant species was escherichia coli (59.6%), followed by proteus mirabilis (14.5%) and klebsiella spp. (8.5%). the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactam ... | 2008 | 18458126 |
| effects of rifaximin on bacterial virulence mechanisms at supra- and sub-inhibitory concentrations. | rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin derivative, exhibited time-dependent bactericidal activity and at concentrations as low as 1/32 of the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) caused morphological alterations in both susceptible and resistant bacterial strains. spontaneous rifaximin-resistant clones appeared with an incidence of 2.6 x 10(-7). the percentage of escherichia coli cells cured of various plasmids ranged from: 4.5-70% (flac), 0-18% (pbp507), 7.7-43.8% (plasmid carrying esbl genes ... | 2008 | 18467244 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in enterobacteriaceae isolated from mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans). | mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans) were investigated as a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria and of cassette-borne resistance genes located in class 1 integrons. two hundred and fourteen isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were collected from cloacal swabs of 92 chicks captured in a natural reserve in the north east of italy. they showed high percentages of resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. high percentages of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol ... | 2008 | 18476779 |
| oro-pharyngeal protozoa in captive bustards: clinical and pathological considerations. | an oro-pharyngeal protozoal survey was carried out in captive bustards in the united arab emirates. .endolimax spp., .entamoeba gallinarum, acanthamoeba spp., .naegleria spp. and .coccidia spp. were the protozoa isolated from the oro-pharynx of clinically normal birds. the protozoa species involved in oro-pharyngeal diseases were .trichomonas gallinae and .entamoeba anatis. most of the protozoa observed in clinical cases were associated with severe secondary bacterial infections possibly due to ... | 1998 | 18484038 |
| enterobacteriaceae and related organisms isolated from shell eggs collected during commercial processing. | in the united states, commercial shell eggs are washed and graded before retail. since passage of the egg products inspection act in 1971, processing guidelines have been set to ensure that external and internal characteristics are maintained. however, less is known about how commercial processing affects the safety of shell eggs. to identify enteric bacteria entering plants and persisting throughout processing, eggs were collected from 3 us commercial shell egg-processing plants on 3 separate v ... | 2008 | 18493013 |
| tight junctional disruption and apoptosis in an in vitro model of citrobacter rodentium infection. | the murine model of citrobacter rodentium infection has been used to complement in vitro studies of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) infections of human intestinal epithelial cells (iecs). however, the differences in epithelial cell responses between these two models are not fully understood. we used an in vitro model of c. rodentium infection to examine important, yet incompletely understood, cellular responses of murine iecs to this pathogen. c. rodentium attached to cmt-93 cells and d ... | 2008 | 18504087 |
| protective and destructive innate immune responses to enteropathogenic escherichia coli and related a/e pathogens. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli (o157:h7) and citrobacter rodentium are classified as attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens based on their ability to adhere to intestinal epithelium, destroy microvilli and induce pedestal formation at the site of infection. a/e bacterial infections also cause acute diarrheal episodes and intestinal inflammation. the use of model systems has led to an understanding of the innate immune response to a/e pathogens. the innate immune sys ... | 2008 | 18505397 |
| agitation effects on hydrogen gas production by citrobacter intermedius. | | 1982 | 18546440 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among enterobacterial isolates from outpatients in brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the spread of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants [qnr-like, aac(6')-ib-cr and qepa genes] among nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacterial strains isolated from outpatients from southeast brazil, their transferability and the genetic structures associated with the qnr genes. | 2008 | 18552340 |
| cadmium accumulation by immobilized cells of a citrobacter sp. using various phosphate donors. | immobilized cells of a citrobacter species scavenge cadmium with high efficiency from challenge flows containing cd(2+). metal uptake by the cells in mediated by a cellbound phosphatase which liberates inorganic phosphate from an organic phosphate to precipitate cadmium as cell-bound metal phosphate. hitherto glycerol 2-phosphate has served as the phosphate donor, but for an economic large scale process an inexpensive and readily available phosphate donor is required and the use of alkyl phospha ... | 1986 | 18561225 |
| urease-positive bacteria in the stomach induce a false-positive reaction in a urea breath test for diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection. | this study investigated the influence of urease-positive non-helicobacter pylori bacteria on the results of a urea breath test (ubt) to evaluate the diagnostic utility of a ubt using film-coated [(13)c]urea tablets. the ubt was performed in 102 patients treated with a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics for the eradication of h. pylori. urease-producing bacteria other than h. pylori were isolated and identified from the oral cavity and stomach. in 4/102 patients, the ubt gave false-positive re ... | 2008 | 18566138 |
| antibacterial and preliminary phytochemical and physico-chemical analysis of eucalyptus citriodora hk leaf. | the present communication deals with some studies on the antibacterial, physico-chemical and phytochemical parameters of different extracts of eucalyptus citriodora leaf. the antibacterial study was performed using the agar ditch method on some clinically important bacteria, namely pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus subflava, bacillus megaterium, and enterobacter aerogenes. physico-chemical parameters namely water, methanol, 1,4-dioxane, dmf, ac ... | 2008 | 18569717 |
| study of the bacterial ecosystem in tropical cooked and peeled shrimps using a polyphasic approach. | the characterization of the microbial ecosystem of cooked tropical shrimps was carried out using a polyphasic approach. first, culture-dependent methods were used for bacterial enumeration and the phenotypic and molecular identification of bacterial isolates. then, culture-independent methods, including pcr-ttge (v3 region of the 16s rrna gene), provided a fingerprinting of bacterial dna directly extracted from shrimps. two batches of cooked and peeled tropical shrimps were stored at 5 and 15 de ... | 2009 | 18573557 |
| cadmium accumulation by a citrobacter sp. immobilized on gel and solid supports: applicability to the treatment of liquid wastes containing heavy metal cations. | polyacrylamide gel-immobilized cells of a citrobacter sp. removed cadmium from flows supplemented with glycerol 2-phosphate, the metal uptake mechanism being mediated by the activity of a cell-bound phosphatase that precipitates liberated inorganic phosphate with heavy metals at the cell surface. the constraints of elevated flow rate and temperature were investigated and the results discussed in terms of the kinetics of immobilized enzymes. loss in activity with respect to cadmium accumulation b ... | 1987 | 18576584 |
| treatment of citrobacter koseri infection with ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in a preterm infant. | to report a case of successful treatment of citrobacter koseri infection in a preterm infant as a means of challenging the current treatment recommendations on the basis of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic considerations. | 2008 | 18577764 |
| effect of thymol on microbial diversity in the porcine jejunum. | thirty two weaned pigs (24 d-old) were fed a diet without or with 1% (w/w) thymol. pigs from each dietary treatment remained unchallenged or were challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. jejunal content was collected and molecular microbial diversity was investigated using 16s rrna gene polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). shannon index analysis showed no differences in diversity but pearson coefficient analysis showed clear clustering of ... | 2008 | 18585810 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2, buenos aires, argentina. | | 2008 | 18598660 |
| comparative in vitro studies on the beta-lactamase-inhibiting effect of clavulanic acid and sulbactam on ampicillin-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | clavulanic acid and sulbactam alone are ineffective against pseudomonas and enterococci. staphylococci and enterobacteriaceae are inhibited by high concentrations not attainable under clinical conditions. strains of acinetobacter, especially a. lwoffii are susceptible to clavulanic acid and highly susceptible to sulbactam. the ampicillin/sulbactam combination is superior to ampicillin/clavulanic acid against citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp. and morganella morganii. the latter combination ... | 1996 | 18611726 |
| antibiotic resistance in nosocomial isolates in scotland. | in this first multi-centre study in scotland, 1028 consecutive gram-negative and staphylococci strains were obtained from four major teaching hospitals. e. coli was the most common organism among both intensive care units (icus) (39%) and non-icu strains (46.6%). the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among e. coli was always higher in isolates from icus than non-icus: ceftazidime (14.1%, 7.2%), ceftriaxone (12.7%, 6.1%), cefotaxime (15.5%, 8.7%), cefuroxime (28.8%, 20.8%), amoxicillin plus cla ... | 1996 | 18611750 |
| antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheter. | the main objective of this study was to examine the antimicrobial activity and durability of a novel indwelling bladder catheter impregnated with minocycline and rifampin. thirty antimicrobial-impregnated bladder catheters were inserted transurethrally in spinal cord-injured patients and removed, in six groups of five catheters each, at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17 or 21 days. removed catheters had detectable zones of inhibition against two different clinical isolates of each of the 10 tested uropathogens ( ... | 1997 | 18611809 |
| emergence of a cefepime- and cefpirome-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical isolate harbouring a novel chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamase, cmy-37. | citrobacter freundii strain 4306 was isolated from a urine specimen of a patient in march 2006 in palestine. this strain showed a unique multidrug resistance phenotype, as it was resistant both to 7-alpha-methoxy- and oxyimino-cephalosporins, including cefepime, cefpirome and monobactams, in addition to quinolones, streptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins by the double-disk synergy test. molecular characterisation showed that ... | 2008 | 18619820 |
| microbially enhanced chemisorption of nickel into biologically synthesized hydrogen uranyl phosphate: a novel system for the removal and recovery of metals from aqueous solutions. | ni(2+) was removed quantitatively from aqueous flows by columns loaded with polycrystalline hydrogen uranyl phosphate (hup) bound to immobilized cells of citrobacter sp. the columns functioned effectively in ni uptake/regeneration cycles; five cycles were completed without significant decrease in the ni-removing capacity of the column. the influence of ph, temperature, and flow rate on the ni-removing capacity of the columns was examined. the composition of the ni/hup cell-bound deposits was con ... | 1997 | 18634098 |
| effect of substrate concentration and nitrate inhibition on product release and heavy metal removal by a citrobacter sp. | a citrobacter sp. accumulates heavy metals as cell-bound metal phosphates, utilizing phosphate released by the enzymatic cleavage of a phosphomonoester substrate. the effect of increased substrate (glycerol 2-phosphate, g2p) concentration on phosphate release and heavy metal accumulation was evaluated using a stirred tank reactor (str) and a plug flow reactor (pfr). a significant improvement in metal removal was achieved with increased substrate concentration using immobilized citrobacter cells ... | 1997 | 18636593 |
| bacterial flora of captive houbara (chlamydotis undulata), kori (ardeotis kori) and rufous-crested (eupodotis ruficrista) bustards. | a survey was carried out to investigate the aerobic bacterial flora of captive houbara (chlamydotis undulata), kori (ardeotis kori) and rufous-crested (eupodotis ruficrista) bustards maintained at the national avian research center, abu dhabi, united arab emirates. none of the houbara or rufous-crested bustards sampled were bred in captivity by the center but four of the kori bustards sampled were captive-bred. faecal, cloacal, oropharyngeal and skin samples (from under the wing) from clinically ... | 1996 | 18645872 |
| identification of enterobacteriaceae on vacuum loaders in shell egg processing. | cleaning and sanitation are paramount in food processing. gaining an understanding of the microbial populations present in a processing facility can help in the development of effective and efficient cleaning. the current study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the enterobacteriaceae present on vacuum loader cups used in shell egg processing to transfer nest run eggs to the processing line. twenty cups were rinsed on each of 3 visits to both an off-line operation and a mixed opera ... | 2008 | 18648066 |
| comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance characteristics of gram-negative bacteria isolated from laying hens and eggs in conventional and organic keeping systems in bavaria, germany. | by investigating the prevalence and resistance characteristics of gram-negative bacteria from organic and conventional kept laying hens against 31 (campylobacter: 29) different antibiotics using the microdilution method, we determined to what extent different keeping systems influence bacterial resistance patterns. for this purpose, samples from 10 organic and 10 conventional flocks in bavaria (germany) were investigated four times between january 2004 and april 2005. altogether, 799 cloacal swa ... | 2008 | 18667026 |
| bird-bite infection and pyoderma gangrenosum: a rare combination? | | 2008 | 18676192 |
| tumor suppressor foxo3a is involved in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-8 in intestinal ht-29 cells. | enteric bacteria and their products play an important role in intestinal inflammation; however, the complete mechanisms are not elucidated yet. tumor suppressor foxo3a regulates gene expression in the nucleus, and its translocation to the cytosol leads to inactivation. proximally, foxo3a is regulated by different pathways including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) pathway. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of bacterial infection on foxo3a in intestinal epithelial cells and to ... | 2008 | 18678662 |
| indirect antigen-trap elisas using polyclonal antisera for detection of group b and d salmonellas in chickens. | indirect antigen-trap elisas able to detect salmonella typhimurium and s. enteritidis are described. their limits of sensitivity were about 10(7) organisms in nutrient broth culture. with the elisa developed for s. typhimurium, 76 of 77 strains gave optical density (od) readings of 1.06 to 1.40. three other serotypes from group b in the kaufmann-white scheme gave high values: s. saintpaul produced an od of 1.40, s. schwarzengrund 0.93 and s. derby 0.88. twenty other serotypes all produced od val ... | 1991 | 18680021 |
| diarrhea as a cause of mortality in a mouse model of infectious colitis. | comparative characterization of genome-wide transcriptional changes during infection can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying host susceptibility. in this study, transcriptional profiling of the mouse colon was carried out in two cognate lines of mice that differ in their response to citrobacter rodentium infection; susceptible inbred fvb/n and resistant outbred swiss webster mice. gene expression in the distal colon was determined prior to infection, and at four and nine days post-inoculati ... | 2008 | 18680595 |
| comparative analysis of two attacin genes from hyphantria cunea. | a full-length clone corresponding to attacin was isolated from a cdna library made from fat body of immunized hyphantria cunea larvae. this newly isolated attacin b shows characteristics different from those previously reported for attacin a. the two attacin cdnas encode precursor proteins of 233 and 248 amino acid residues, respectively. the two attacins show 45.9% identity at the amino acid level, and 35.2% identity at the nucleotide level. attacins a and b of h. cunea show significant identit ... | 2008 | 18682300 |
| citrobacter infections in a general hospital: characteristics and outcomes. | in this investigation, we sought to investigate the characteristics of citrobacter spp. infections. a retrospective cohort study in a 700-bed, tertiary care, university hospital was carried out during the period from june 1994 to january 2006. seventy-eight patients (70 adults) with citrobacter spp. isolates were identified. c. freundii was more common (71.8%), followed by c. koseri (23.1%) and c. braakii (3.8%). the most common associated clinical syndromes were urinary tract infections (52.6% ... | 2009 | 18682995 |
| [intestinal enterobacteria of the hibernating apis mellifera mellifera l. bees]. | dynamics of enterobacteria of normal intestinal microflora was studied in apis mellifera mellifera l. bees hibernating under snow in the western urals. the cell numbers (n) of the predominant species klebsiella oxytoca increased from 10-10(6) cfu/bee in november 2004 to 10(4)-10(7) cfu/bee in march 2005; its frequency of occurrence (p) increased from 92 to 100%. increase of providencia rettgeri (11.2004: n up to 10(6), p 25%; 03.2005: n 10(2)-10(6), p 80%) was accompanied by the substitution of ... | 2008 | 18683661 |
| the p50 subunit of nf-kappab is critical for in vivo clearance of the noninvasive enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium, a natural mouse pathogen, belongs to the family of extracellular enteric pathogens that includes enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec). c. rodentium shares many virulence factors with epec and ehec and relies on attaching-and-effacing lesion formation for colonization and infection of the gut. in vivo, c. rodentium infection is characterized by increased epithelial cell proliferation, mucosal thickening, and a th1-type immune respons ... | 2008 | 18694964 |
| [detection methods and changes in metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative rod isolates at nagasaki university hospital from 1991 to 2005]. | since plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl)-producing pseudimonas aeruginosa was reported in japan, mbl-producing gram-negative rods (gnrs) have emerged worldwide. we developed a way to detect mbl-producing gnrs in routine examination using broth microdilution with the mbl inhibitor sodium mercaptoacetate (sma) in frozen plates. between 1996 and 2005, we evaluated this and other methods, including broth microdilution with another mbl inhibitor dipicolinic acid (dpa) in dry plates, conven ... | 2008 | 18697478 |
| synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of some triazole mannich bases carrying diphenylsulfone moieties. | a series of mannich bases of 4-substituted 5-[4-(4-x-phenylsulfonyl)phenyl]-2,4-dihydro-3h-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones, x=h, cl, br, 3 and 5 were synthesized and characterized on the basis of ir, nmr and elemental analyses. the potential antibacterial effects of the synthesized compounds were investigated using the acinetobacter baumanii atcc 19606; citrobacter freundii atcc 8090; pseudomonas aeruginosa atcc 9027; enterococcus faecalis atcc 19433; staphylococcus aureus atcc 12600; staphylococcus ep ... | 2009 | 18708273 |
| modulation of acute diarrheal illness by persistent bacterial infection. | acute diarrheal illness is a global health problem that may be exacerbated by concurrent infection. using citrobacter rodentium, a murine model of attaching and effacing diarrheagenic escherichia coli, we demonstrate that persistent helicobacter hepaticus infection modulates host responses to diarrheal disease, resulting in delayed recovery from weight loss and from tissue damage. chronic colitis in concurrently infected mice is characterized by macrophage and foxp3(+) regulatory t-cell accumula ... | 2008 | 18710857 |
| decolorization of synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater by a bacterial consortium. | the presence of melanoidins in molasses wastewater leads to water pollution both due to its dark brown color and its cod contents. in this study, a bacterial consortium isolated from waterfall sediment was tested for its decolorization. the identification of culturable bacteria by 16s rdna based approach showed that the consortium composed of klebsiella oxytoca, serratia mercescens, citrobacter sp. and unknown bacterium. in the context of academic study, prevention on the difficulties of providi ... | 2008 | 18712559 |
| first identification of vim-1-producing citrobacter freundii in greece. | | 2008 | 18715763 |
| insights into the catalytic mechanism of tyrosine phenol-lyase from x-ray structures of quinonoid intermediates. | amino acid transformations catalyzed by a number of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzymes involve abstraction of the calpha proton from an external aldimine formed between a substrate and the cofactor leading to the formation of a quinonoid intermediate. despite the key role played by the quinonoid intermediates in the catalysis by plp-dependent enzymes, limited accurate information is available about their structures. we trapped the quinonoid intermediates of citrobacter freundii tyros ... | 2008 | 18715865 |
| endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter species. | to investigate clinical settings, treatments, antibiotic sensitivities, and visual outcomes associated with endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter species. | 2008 | 18716949 |
| comparison of the diversity of the vaginal microbiota in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected women with or without bacterial vaginosis. | whether human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with a change in the diversity of genital microbiota in women was investigated. | 2008 | 18717638 |
| role of nleh, a type iii secreted effector from attaching and effacing pathogens, in colonization of the bovine, ovine, and murine gut. | the human pathogen enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 colonizes human and animal gut via formation of attaching and effacing lesions. ehec strains use a type iii secretion system to translocate a battery of effector proteins into the mammalian host cell, which subvert diverse signal transduction pathways implicated in actin dynamics, phagocytosis, and innate immunity. the genomes of sequenced ehec o157:h7 strains contain two copies of the effector protein gene nleh, which share 49 ... | 2008 | 18725419 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnra, qnrb, and qnrs among clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in a korean hospital. | screening of 368 consecutive nonreplicate clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to nalidixic acid and at least one extended-spectrum beta-lactam revealed the presence of qnra, qnrb, and qnrs determinants, and identified novel qnrb variants, in citrobacter freundii isolates. this study also revealed, for the first time, the linkage of qnrb, arma, and extended-spectrum and/or ampc-type beta-lactamase genes on large conjugative plasmids. | 2008 | 18725444 |
| microbial structure and community of rbc biofilm removing nitrate and phosphorus from domestic wastewater. | using a rotating biological contactor modified with a sequencing bath reactor system (sbrbc) designed and operated to remove phosphate and nitrogen, the microbial community structure of the biofilm from the sbrbc system was characterized based on the extracellular polymeric substance (eps) constituents, electron microscopy, and molecular techniques. protein and carbohydrate were identified as the major eps constituents at three different biofilm thicknesses, where the amount of eps and bacterial ... | 2008 | 18756109 |
| ecthyma gangrenosum with citrobacter freundii infection. | | 2009 | 18759794 |
| [infectious complications of surgically treatment pelvic fractures]. | based on case histories, the authors draw attention to important infectious complications in patients surgically treated for pelvic injuries. these complications were recorded in four out of 75 patients (5.3%) undergoing surgery for pelvic fracture in the period from 2001 to 2005. the chief risk factors for the development of infection included the poor state of health of a polytraumatized patient in combination with a long stay in an acute care unit, and severe trauma and bleeding of soft tissu ... | 2008 | 18760086 |
| host and microbiota factors that control klebsiella pneumoniae mucosal colonization in mice. | klebsiella pneumoniae is both an opportunistic pathogen and a commensal organism. we have previously reported that k. pneumoniae strain ia565 (kpia565) is non-pathogenic in a murine model of acute pneumonia. in this study, kpia565 was inoculated into wild-type mice and found to stably colonize and persist in the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract of mice for up to 3weeks post-inoculation. intranasal inoculation of wild-type or germ-free mice with kpia565 resulted in similar bacterial levels ... | 2008 | 18762269 |
| khm-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a citrobacter freundii clinical isolate. | a novel gene, bla(khm-1), encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase, khm-1, was cloned from a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics. escherichia coli expressing bla(khm-1) was resistant to all broad-spectrum beta-lactams except for monobactams and showed reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. recombinant khm-1 exhibited edta-inhibitable hydrolytic activity against most beta-lactams, with an overall preference for cephalosporins. | 2008 | 18765691 |
| rega, an arac-like protein, is a global transcriptional regulator that controls virulence gene expression in citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing pathogen which causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. infection with c. rodentium serves as a model for infection of humans with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. to identify novel colonization factors of c. rodentium, we screened a signature-tagged mutant library of c. rodentium in mice. one noncolonizing mutant had a single transposon insertion in an open reading frame (orf) which we designated rega because of ... | 2008 | 18765720 |
| but-3-ene-1,2-diol: a mechanism-based active site inhibitor for coenzyme b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase. | coenzyme b(12)-dependent glycerol dehydratase is a radical enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glycerol into 3-hydroxypropanal and propane-1,2-diol into propanal via enzyme-bound intermediate radicals. the substrate analogue but-3-ene-1,2-diol was studied in the expectation that it would lead to the 4,4-dihydroxylbut-2-en-1-yl radical, which is stabilised (allylic) and not reactive enough to retrieve a hydrogen atom from 5'-deoxyadenosine, thereby interrupting the catalytic cycle. racemic an ... | 2008 | 18767080 |
| structural insight into bioremediation of triphenylmethane dyes by citrobacter sp. triphenylmethane reductase. | triphenylmethane dyes are aromatic xenobiotic compounds that are widely considered to be one of the main culprits of environmental pollution. triphenylmethane reductase (tmr) from citrobacter sp. strain kctc 18061p was initially isolated and biochemically characterized as an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of triphenylmethane dyes. information from the primary amino acid sequence suggests that tmr is a dinucleotide-binding motif-containing enzyme; however, no other functional clues can be de ... | 2008 | 18782772 |
| physicochemical treatments of anionic surfactants wastewater: effect on aerobic biodegradability. | the effect of different physicochemical treatments on the aerobic biodegradability of an industrial wastewater resulting from a cosmetic industry has been investigated. this industrial wastewater contains 11423 and 3148mgl(-1) of chemical oxygen demand (cod) and anionic surfactants, respectively. the concentration of cod and anionic surfactants were followed throughout the diverse physicochemical treatments and biodegradation experiments. different pretreatments of this industrial wastewater usi ... | 2009 | 18799262 |
| plasmid-borne arma methylase gene, together with blactx-m-15 and blatem-1, in a klebsiella oxytoca isolate from china. | an arma-producing klebsiella oxytoca isolate, strain 157, was detected after screening of 447 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates in china. k. oxytoca 157 was resistant to aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin and most beta-lactams. resistance to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams could be transferred to recipient escherichia coli by conjugation. arma, blactx-m-15 and blatem-1 genes were detected in k. oxytoca 157 and transconjugant e. coli strain 600(pec157). mutation ... | 2008 | 18809557 |
| high prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from nine teaching hospitals in china. | quinolone resistance is an emerging problem in china. to investigate the prevalence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr, a total of 265 clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae with ciprofloxacin mics of > or =0.25 microg/ml were screened at nine teaching hospitals in china. the qnra, qnrb, qnrs, and aac(6')-ib genes were detected by pcr. the aac(6')-ib-cr gene was further identified by diges ... | 2008 | 18809939 |
| structure of the glycerol phosphate-containing o-specific polysaccharide and serological studies on the lipopolysaccharides of citrobacter werkmanii pcm 1548 and pcm 1549 (serogroup o14). | the o-specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of citrobacter werkmanii pcm 1548 and pcm 1549 (serogroup o14) and found to contain d-glucose, d-glucosamine and glycerol-1-phosphate in molar ratios 2 : 2 : 1. based on methylation analysis and 1h and 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy data, it was established that the o-specific polysaccharides from both strains have the identical branched tetrasaccharide repeating unit with 3,6-disubstituted ... | 2008 | 18811720 |
| causative agents of urinary tract infections in children and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern: a hospital based study. | a retrospective study was conducted to find out the causative agents of urinary tract infection (uti) in children and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern among nepalese children. this was done at kanti children's hospital in kathmandu (nepal) by analyzing the records of urine samples collected for culture and sensitivity tests over a period of six months (april to november, 2007). of the total 1878 mid-stream urine samples collected from suspected cases of uti, 538 (28.6%) were positive for pat ... | 2008 | 18828428 |
| [the analysis of the bacterial and fungal flora in maxillary sinuses in patients operated due to fess method]. | the aim of this work was to analyse the bacterial and fungal flora in maxillary sinuses in patients operated due to the fess method. | 2008 | 18837224 |
| [antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria community sfc-2 used for fermentation of air-dried crop straws]. | to evaluate the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria community sfc-2 in fermented crop straw. | 2008 | 18837364 |
| microflora of bile aspirates in patients with acute cholecystitis with or without cholelithiasis: a tropical experience. | the current study determined the spectrum of biliary microflora with special emphasis on enteric fever organisms in patients with acute cholangitis with and without cholelithiasis or other biliary diseases. the patients were divided into three groups: group a consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis; group b consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with gastrointestinal ailments requiring biliary drainage and group c consisted of patients with gallbladder carcinom ... | 2008 | 18839486 |
| [emergence of vancomycin-dependent enterococci following glycopeptide therapy: case report and review]. | outbreaks of vancomycin-resistant enterococci have been increasingly reported in france over the last three years. we report here, the emergence of a vancomycin-dependent enterococci isolate following glycopeptide therapy. | 2009 | 18845404 |
| origin and diversity of metabolically active gut bacteria from laboratory-bred larvae of manduca sexta (sphingidae, lepidoptera, insecta). | cultivation-independent analyses based on genetic profiling of partial bacterial 16s rrna genes by pcr-single-strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp), reverse transcriptase (rt)-pcr-sscp of the 16s rrna itself, and stable isotope probing (sip), followed by rt-pcr-sscp, were applied to characterize the diversity of metabolically active bacteria in the larval gut of manduca sexta bred on tobacco leaves under greenhouse conditions. for sip, hatching larvae were fed with leaves from tobacco plan ... | 2008 | 18849461 |
| transfer of antibiotic multiresistant plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli to activated sludge bacteria. | in situ transfer of a self-transmissible, antibiotic-multiresistant plasmid rp4 from a laboratory escherichia coli strain c600 to indigenous activated sludge bacteria was investigated using filter mating. the transfer frequency of rp4 from the donor e. coli to the bacteria that was sampled from two wastewater treatment plants was 5.1x10(-2) to 7.5x10(-1) and 4.6x10(-3) to 1.3x10(-2)/potential recipient. the isolated transconjugants showed resistance to ap, km, and tc and the presence of a plasmi ... | 2008 | 18930008 |
| [retropharyngeal abscess revealing diabetes: a case report]. | retropharyngeal abscess, a rare event in adults, is usually observed in immunodeficient persons or subsequent to foreign bodies. we report a case of retropharyngeal abscess which revealed diabetes mellitus. a 47-year-old woman with an uneventful history complained of fever, dysphagia and trismus. clinical findings were swelling of the pharyngeal posterior wall. the ct scan showed an abscess in the retropharyngeal space. puncture revealed the purulent nature of the collection. the bacteriological ... | 2008 | 18930451 |
| prevalence and beta-lactamase producing bacterial isolates in a teaching hospital in peshawar, pakistan: a four year study. | prevalence of microorganisms was studies in clinical samples of various body fluids (n=12,259), collected from patients at post graduate medical institute hayatabad medical complex (pgmi, hmc) peshawar. only 34.90% of samples exhibited growth, 36.25% of these isolates were gram positive and 63.75% were gram negative bacteria. e. coli was the most prevalent organism (39.45%) followed by s. aureus (32.23%), proteus spp. (9.23%), pseudomonas spp. (6.54%), streptococuss spp. (3.51%), acinetobacter s ... | 2008 | 18930859 |
| detection of protozoan and bacterial pathogens of public health importance in faeces of corvus spp. (large-billed crow). | parasites and bacteria are reported in the faeces of birds in the current study. fresh faecal samples of the large-billed crow (corvus spp.) were collected from the study site at bangsar, an urban setting in kuala lumpur, malaysia. these samples were transported to laboratory and analysed for parasites and bacteria. pre-prepared xld agar plates were used for culturing the bacteria in the laboratory. using the api 20etm test strips, 9 different species of bacteria were identified belonging to the ... | 2008 | 18948884 |
| regulation of hepatic cytochrome p450 expression in mice with intestinal or systemic infections of citrobacter rodentium. | we reported previously that infection of c3h/heouj (heou) mice with the murine intestinal pathogen citrobacter rodentium caused a selective modulation of hepatic cytochrome p450 (p450) gene expression in the liver that was independent of the toll-like receptor 4. however, heou mice are much more sensitive to the pathogenic effects of c. rodentium infection, and the p450 down-regulation was associated with significant morbidity in the animals. here, we report that oral infection of c57bl/6 mice w ... | 2009 | 18971315 |
| a survey on species and prevalence rate of bacterial agents isolated from cockroaches in three hospitals. | the presence of cockroaches has health implications, such as nosocomial infection, as the insects move freely from areas within and around hospitals that may harbor pathogenic organisms. the goals of the present study were to determine species of bacteria isolated from cockroaches found in three tehran hospitals, and to determine distribution of potential vectors by species and sex. the study is descriptive laboratory research. a total of 305 cockroaches from three species were trapped and ident ... | 2009 | 18973441 |
| highly resistant microorganisms in a teaching hospital: the role of horizontal spread in a setting of endemicity. | to determine the incidence density of highly resistant organisms (hros) and the relative contribution of horizontal spread in a setting of endemicity. | 2008 | 18973456 |
| sulfate reduction and copper precipitation by a citrobacter sp. isolated from a mining area. | a strain of sulfate-reducing bacteria, designated strain 'dbm', was isolated from sediments of a mining area. phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence of the isolate revealed that it was related to members of the genus citrobacter, with c. azor-4, c. freundii, c. braakii and c. werkmanii being the most closely related species (sequence similarity up to 98%). few studies have been done on sulfate reduction ability in citrobacter. electron microscopy studies showed that the morphology o ... | 2009 | 18977087 |
| role of rpos in the virulence of citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium is a mouse enteropathogen that is closely related to escherichia coli and causes severe colonic hyperplasia and bloody diarrhea. c. rodentium infection requires expression of genes of the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee) pathogenicity island, which simulates infection by enteropathogenic e. coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli in the human intestine, providing an effective model for studying enteropathogenesis. in this study we investigated the role of rpos, the stationar ... | 2009 | 18981255 |
| optimization of process parameters for the production of tyrosine phenol lyase by citrobacterfreundii mtcc 2424. | the process optimization using technological combinations for the production of tyrosine phenol lyase by citrobacter freundii mtcc 2424 has been carried out in this study. the maximum production of tyrosine phenol lyase (0.15 u) was obtained by culturing c. freundii mtcc 2424 in a medium containing (g/l) meat extract 5.0, yeast extract 5.0, peptone 2.5, and l-tyrosine 1.0 at 25 degrees c for 16 h in a temperature controlled orbital shaker. a 2.5-fold increase in enzyme activity with 1.3-fold dec ... | 2009 | 18993058 |
| beta-catenin stabilization imparts crypt progenitor phenotype to hyperproliferating colonic epithelia. | utilizing the citrobacter rodentium (cr)-induced transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) model, we provide mechanistic basis of changes in beta-catenin/apc/ckiepsilon leading to progression and/or regression of hyperplasia in vivo. in response to cr-induced tmch, crypt lengths increased significantly between days 6-27 post-infection, followed by a steep decline by day 34. beta-cat(45)/total beta-catenin were elevated on day 1 post-infection, preceding changes in crypt length, and persist ... | 2009 | 18996369 |
| espt triggers formation of lamellipodia and membrane ruffles through activation of rac-1 and cdc42. | subversion of the eukaryotic cell cytoskeleton is a virulence strategy employed by many bacterial pathogens. due to the pivotal role of rho gtpases in actin dynamics they are common targets of bacterial effector proteins and toxins. ipgb1, ipgb2 (shigella), sifa, sifb (salmonella) and map and espm (attaching and effacing pathogens) constitute a family of type iii secretion system effectors that subverts small gtpase signalling pathways. in this study we identified and characterized espt from cit ... | 2009 | 19016787 |
| [nationwide susceptibility surveillance of ciprofloxacin and various parenteral antimicrobials against bacteria isolated from patients with severe infections--third ciproxan injection special survey (2005)]. | we conducted 3 nationwide surveillance studies between 2001 and 2005 at 39 participating institutions throughout japan according to the special survey plan to investigate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (cpfx) and various parenteral antimicrobials using clinical isolates from patients with severe infection during the reexamination period of parenteral cpfx. results of the first special survey (2001) were already reported in this journal. the current third special survey (2005) was conducted at 3 ... | 2008 | 19024645 |
| nosocomial spread of arma-mediated high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterobacteriaceae isolates producing ctx-m-3 beta-lactamase in a cancer hospital in bulgaria. | 1,310 enterobacteriaceae, 242 pseudomonas aeruginosa and 97 acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates collected at a cancer hospital in bulgaria were screened for the presence of 16s rrna methylases. the arma methylase gene was identified in 20 (1.5%) enterobacteriaceae (7 klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 escherichia coli, 3 serratia marcescens, 3 citrobacter freundii , 3 enterobacter cloacae and 1 klebsiella oxytoca). arma-mediated aminoglycoside resistance was transferable by conjugation and carried b ... | 2008 | 19028622 |
| [biochemical and bacteriological investigation of six cases of purple urine bag syndrome (pubs) in a geriatric ward for dementia]. | purple urine bag syndrome is a condition in which the urinary catheter bag turns purple. a tryptophan-indigo hypothesis has been proposed as the mechanism of pubs, in which bacterial decomposition of tryptophan in gut associated with chronic constipation, bacterial overgrowth in the urinary tract and alkaline urine causes production of indigo and discoloration. we considered that further investigation of cases was needed. | 2008 | 19057104 |
| from kinase to cyclase: an unusual example of catalytic promiscuity modulated by metal switching. | | 2009 | 19058275 |
| study on the bacterial midgut microbiota associated to different brazilian populations of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) (diptera: psychodidae). | the bacterial community associated with the midgut of three brazilian lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) populations, two from endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis (jacobina, bahia state and são luís, maranhão state) and one from a non-endemic area (lapinha cave, minas gerais state), was identified. five groups, 35 females each, from each population were separated; a total of 175 females per collecting area were analyzed. the species identification was based on molecular and traditional ba ... | 2008 | 19061048 |
| prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food-handlers in gondar town, northwest ethiopia. | food-handlers with poor personal hygiene working in food-service establishments could be potential sources of infection due to pathogenic organisms. the study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among 127 food-handlers working in the cafeterias of the university of gondar and the gondar teachers training college, gondar, ethiopia. fingernail contents of both the hands and stool specimens were collected from all the 127 food-handlers. the samples were e ... | 2008 | 19069624 |
| interleukin-1 receptor signaling protects mice from lethal intestinal damage caused by the attaching and effacing pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, and citrobacter rodentium are classified as attaching and effacing pathogens based on their ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelium via actin-filled membranous protrusions (pedestals). infection of mice with c. rodentium causes a breach of the intestinal epithelial barrier, leading to colitis via a vigorous inflammatory response resulting in diarrhea and a protective antibody response that clears the pathogen. here we show that ... | 2009 | 19075023 |
| microbial flora drives interleukin 22 production in intestinal nkp46+ cells that provide innate mucosal immune defense. | natural killer (nk) cells are innate lymphocytes with spontaneous antitumor activity, and they produce interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) that primes immune responses. whereas t helper cell subsets differentiate from naive t cells via specific transcription factors, evidence for nk cell diversification is limited. in this report, we characterized intestinal lymphocytes expressing the nk cell natural cytotoxicity receptor nkp46. gut nkp46+ cells were distinguished from classical nk cells by limited ifn ... | 2008 | 19084435 |
| hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase gene regulation in different mouse inflammation models. | the objective of the study was to investigate the regulation of hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases (fmo) fmo1, fmo3, fmo4, and fmo5 in three different mouse models of inflammation, including treatment with citrobacter rodentium, lipopolysaccharide (lps), and dextran sulfate sodium (dss). quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to evaluate the steady-state mrna levels for the various fmo isoforms in these mouse models of inflammation during d ... | 2009 | 19088265 |
| mucin dynamics in intestinal bacterial infection. | bacterial gastroenteritis causes morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. murine citrobacter rodentium infection is a model for gastroenteritis caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli. mucin glycoproteins are the main component of the first barrier that bacteria encounter in the intestinal tract. | 2008 | 19088856 |