| modern organic and broiler chickens sold for human consumption provide more energy from fat than protein. | in 1976, the royal college of physicians and the british cardiac society recommended eating less fatty red meat and more poultry instead because it was lean. however, the situation has changed since that time, with a striking increase in fat content of the standard broiler chicken. the aim of the present study was to report a snapshot of data on fat in chickens now sold to the public. | 2010 | 19728900 |
| hepatic fascioliasis at a london hospital--the importance of recognising typical radiological features to avoid a delay in diagnosis. | hepatic fascioliasis is a zoonosis caused by the trematode fasciola hepatica, which can cause hepatobiliary disease in humans via the ingestion of contaminated water or aquatic vegetables. reported cases of human infection with f. hepatica arise in regions where cattle are raised, with particular abundance in south america and the middle east. the typical radiological appearances associated with fascioliasis are well reported and are likely to be more easily recognisable by radiologists in these ... | 2009 | 19729549 |
| fertility needs and funding in couples with blood-borne viral infection. | couples infected with hiv, hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) are increasingly seeking assisted conception. these couples avoid unprotected intercourse and use condoms at all times in order to minimize the risk of infecting their partner. as this practice inhibits pregnancy, assisted procreation is generally required for safe conception. for many couples, access to such services is restricted on ethical, geographical and financial grounds. | 2010 | 19732177 |
| j. j. thomson goes to america. | joseph john (j. j.) thomson was an accomplished scientist who helped lay the foundations of nuclear physics. a humble man of working class roots, thomson went on to become one of the most influential physicists of the late 19th century. he is credited with the discovery of the electron, received a nobel prize in physics in 1906 for investigations into the conduction of electricity by gases, was knighted in 1908, and served as a cavendish professor and director of the laboratory for over 35 years ... | 2009 | 19734055 |
| research involving storage and use of human tissue: how did the human tissue act 2004 affect decisions by research ethics committees? | little is known about the types of issues research ethics committees (recs) raise in their letters about research involving the storage and use of human tissue. | 2009 | 19734481 |
| potent and selective agonism of the melanocortin receptor 4 with mk-0493 does not induce weight loss in obese human subjects: energy intake predicts lack of weight loss efficacy. | mk-0493 is a novel, potent, and selective agonist of the melanocortin receptor 4 (mc4r), one of the best-validated genetic targets and considered one of the most promising for the development of antiobesity therapeutics. an ad libitum energy-intake model was qualified with excellent reproducibility: the geometric mean ratio (gmr) with 95% confidence interval (ci) for total energy intake over a period of 24 h for 30 mg sibutramine/placebo was 0.82 (0.76, 0.88), and for 10 mg sibutramine/placebo i ... | 2009 | 19741604 |
| collection of routine national seasonal influenza vaccine coverage data from gp practices in england using a web-based collection system. | this paper describes a web-based system developed to collect data on influenza (flu) vaccine uptake in near real time during the flu season in england. data are collected from all gp practices providing the immunisation programme. data are submitted either monthly or weekly on-line to a website using manual, automated and semi-automated methods. during the 2008/09 season, a final response rate of 96.2% was achieved (n=7980/8293). this equates to 52,217,430 gp registered patients aged 6 months an ... | 2009 | 19747574 |
| no evidence of transmission of h5n1 highly pathogenic avian influenza to humans after unprotected contact with infected wild swans. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) subtype h5n1 remains a public health threat as long as it circulates in wild and domestic birds. information on the transmissibility of h5n1 hpai from wild birds is needed for evidence-based public health advice. we investigated if transmission of h5n1 hpai had taken place in people that had unprotected contact with infected wild mute swans during an incident at the abbotsbury swannery in dorset, england. thirteen people who had been exposed to infected s ... | 2010 | 19765331 |
| chief medical officer warns that swine flu may be on the rise again. | | 2009 | 19767346 |
| occupational health needs of commercial fishermen in south west england. | work in commercial fishing is physically demanding and hazardous, but unlike merchant seamen, fishermen are not required to hold a certificate of medical fitness. | 2010 | 19770214 |
| mental health laws for those "compliant" with treatment. | the focus of current mental health laws is on the involuntary detention and treatment of those with low-prevalence, serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. however, an international trend is developing towards using mental health laws to safeguard the rights of patients who lack the capacity to consent to treatment but who are not objecting to it. this column analyses the legislative response in england and wales to a decision by the european court of human rights in ... | 2009 | 19771982 |
| prevalence of campylobacter spp. in raw retail poultry on sale in northern ireland. | a year-long survey of fresh, retail poultry products on sale in northern ireland was undertaken to define the prevalence of campylobacter spp. by using protocols based on iso (standard) 10272-1:2006. incubation at 37 and 42 degrees c was undertaken to increase the diversity of isolates obtained. overall, 652 isolates were identified as campylobacter spp. by using pcr and amplified fragment length polymorphic typing. phenotyping wrongly identified 21% of isolates. prevalences of campylobacter fou ... | 2009 | 19777882 |
| an audit of parents'/guardians' wishes recorded after coronial autopsies in cases of sudden unexpected death in infancy: issues raised and future directions. | in the u.k., cases of sudden unexpected death in infancy are under the jurisdiction of the coroner and consent for a post-mortem is not required. prior to the human tissue act 2006 (hta) there was also no requirement to request retention of tissue (blocks and slides). the hta stipulates that parental/ guardian consent is mandatory to retain or dispose of all tissues after the coroners' purposes have been fulfilled. in 2007, in order to avoid confusion with the consent needed for hospital post-mo ... | 2009 | 19787989 |
| resolving the impact of waiting time distributions on the persistence of measles. | measles epidemics in human populations exhibit what is perhaps the best empirically characterized, and certainly the most studied, stochastic persistence threshold in population biology. a critical community size (ccs) of around 250,000-500,000 separates populations where measles is predominantly persistent from smaller communities where there are frequent extinctions of measles between major epidemics. the fundamental mechanisms contributing to this pattern of persistence, which are long-lastin ... | 2010 | 19793743 |
| searching: the lived experience of women with cancer of the vulva. | although the physical adverse effects following surgery for vulval cancer may readily be described, little is known about the psychological, emotional, and social impact. a review of the literature revealed a paucity of studies, as this condition is rare. to explore the lived experiences of women in the united kingdom with vulval cancer, a qualitative research study was undertaken using the research methodology of interpretive phenomenology, based on the work of heidegger (the essence of human f ... | 2009 | 19816158 |
| reflections on darwin and darwinizing. | although there is a vast literature about darwin there remains an urgent need, particularly in the field of literary studies, for greater understanding of his work. this essay examines current trends in darwinian criticism, contrasting literary darwinism--which seeks in literature the "human nature" being defined by evolutionary psychology--with other models of darwinian criticism provided by historians of science and literary scholars, models that bring together a sense of historical context wi ... | 2009 | 19817006 |
| cigarette smoking is an independent risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in young women: a longitudinal study. | repeated measurements of smoking, cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) status and sexual behaviour were used to measure the risk of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) in relation to changes in smoking and cervical hpv status, and to explore the impact of smoking on the acquisition and duration of incident cervical hpv infection. included in this longitudinal analysis are 1485 women aged 15-19 years: 1075 were hpv-negative and cytologically normal at recruitment; 410 were hpv-posi ... | 2010 | 19819687 |
| the influence of leg-to-body ratio (lbr) on judgments of female physical attractiveness: assessments of computer-generated images varying in lbr. | the leg-to-body ratio (lbr), which is reliably associated with developmental stability and health outcomes, is an understudied component of human physical attractiveness. several studies examining the effects of lbr on aesthetic judgments have been limited by the reliance on stimuli composed of hand-drawn silhouettes. in the present study, we developed a new set of female computer-generated images portraying eight levels of lbr that fell within the typical range of human variation. a community s ... | 2010 | 19822462 |
| natural representations: diagram and text in darwin's "on the origin of species". | this article examines darwin's use of diagram and text in the "origin" by focusing on their interacting roles in his discussion of natural relations, extinction, and time. each medium presented opportunities and challenges that depend on the topic in question; indeed, a medium's dimensionality could undermine one claim and make self-evident another. while darwin divides representational labor between diagram and text, he also creates a constitutive interplay between media. the resulting dynamic ... | 2009 | 19824197 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza: experience from the critical care unit. | this case series details experience of critical care admissions with pandemic (h1n1) 2009 influenza from an intensive care unit in the west midlands. we present four critically ill patients admitted with severe hypoxia. two of the patients failed a trial of continuous positive airway pressure and all underwent controlled ventilation within 24 h of admission. bilevel and high frequency oscillatory ventilation were the most useful modes. our patients generally had one organ failure and were ventil ... | 2009 | 19825061 |
| epidemic modelling: aspects where stochasticity matters. | epidemic models are always simplifications of real world epidemics. which real world features to include, and which simplifications to make, depend both on the disease of interest and on the purpose of the modelling. in the present paper we discuss some such purposes for which a stochastic model is preferable to a deterministic counterpart. the two main examples illustrate the importance of allowing the infectious and latent periods to be random when focus lies on the probability of a large epid ... | 2009 | 19837097 |
| an experimental investigation of the emotional and motivational impact of hpv information in adolescents. | we examined psychologic responses to information about human papillomavirus (hpv) in young women within the age range of the uk's hpv vaccination "catch-up" program (13-16 years). respondents absorbed hpv information without becoming worried, were receptive to cervical screening and vaccination, and these attitudes were enhanced by presentation of relevant information. | 2009 | 19837362 |
| the bibliography of robert edmond grant (1793-1874): illustrated with a previously unpublished photograph. | the comparative anatomist robert edmond grant (1793-1874), best known for his work on sponges and other marine invertebrates, was important as a teacher and outspoken as a medical reformer. at edinburgh university his transformist zoology provided the young charles darwin with his first theoretical framework. as professor of zoology and comparative anatomy at the newly founded university of london, grant influenced a new generation of comparative anatomists and medical men, even if his radical s ... | 2006 | 19842292 |
| adolescents' beliefs about their parents' human papillomavirus vaccination decisions. | a significant minority of parents are concerned that human papillomavirus vaccination will affect sexual behaviour. we explored this issue with 162 adolescent girls. most (between 90 and 92%) did not perceive a connection between parental consent to vaccination and parental authorisation for sexual activity, but a small percentage believed that vaccination consent implied that they were old enough to have sex (8%), or that it was okay for them to be sexually active (10%). the findings are broadl ... | 2010 | 19843044 |
| cerebellar agenesis revisited. | new clinical and employment information, together with over-looked previously published information, on a patient (h.c.) is reviewed. h.c., who died at the age of 76 in 1939, was found, by chance during anatomical dissection, to lack a cerebellum. this synthesis challenges an unusual and interesting account of cerebellar agenesis published in brain in 1994 by glickstein (see also glickstein, 2006), in which the allegedly 'bogus' oral history of this individual's motor skills was held to have led ... | 2010 | 19843649 |
| litigation related to drug errors in anaesthesia: an analysis of claims against the nhs in england 1995-2007. | ninety-three claims (total cost 4,915,450 pounds) filed under 'anaesthesia' in the nhs litigation authority database between 1995 and 2007, alleging patient harm directly by drug administration error or by an allergic reaction, were analysed. alleged errors were categorised using systems employed by the national coordinating council for medication error reporting and prevention, the american society of anesthesiologists closed claims project and the uk health and safety executive. the severity o ... | 2009 | 19849678 |
| investigation of food and environmental exposures relating to the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in humans in northwest england. | this study uses multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to investigate the epidemiology of campylobacter coli in a continuous study of a population in northwest england. all cases of campylobacter identified in four local authorities (government administrative boundaries) between 2003 and 2006 were identified to species level and then typed, using mlst. epidemiological information was collected for each of these cases, including food and recreational exposure variables, and the epidemiologies of c. je ... | 2010 | 19854914 |
| cases of swine flu in england almost double in a week. | | 2009 | 19858182 |
| an assessment of the validity of sofa score based triage in h1n1 critically ill patients during an influenza pandemic. | sequential organ failure assessment (sofa) score based triage of influenza a h1n1 critically ill patients has been proposed for surge capacity management as a guide for clinical decision making. we conducted a retrospective records review and sofa scoring of critically ill patients with influenza a h1n1 in a mixed medical-surgical intensive care unit in an urban hospital. eight critically ill patients with influenza a h1n1 were admitted to the intensive care unit. their mean (range) age was 39 ( ... | 2009 | 19860754 |
| influenza vaccine uptake among staff in care homes in nottinghamshire: a random cluster sample survey. | to establish uptake of influenza vaccine amongst care home clinical staff in greater nottingham, and to investigate what could be done to improve vaccine uptake in this group. | 2009 | 19875140 |
| sir joseph barcroft, cambridge placental and fetal research (1933-1966) and inter-generational science. | the nature of cambridge (uk) placental and fetal research in the middle third of the twentieth century is reviewed on the basis of published literature and personal recollection. joseph barcroft is a central figure who came to fetal research late in an extremely productive career which is briefly sketched. contemporaneous cambridge academics in the field included j.d. boyd (the authors father), j. hammond, f.h.a. marshall, r.a. mccance, j. needham, a.s. parkes and elsie widdowson. the then curre ... | 2010 | 19876838 |
| association of erap1, but not il23r, with ankylosing spondylitis in a han chinese population. | the results of a recent genome-wide association study have shown that erap1 and il23r are associated with ankylosing spondylitis (as) in caucasian populations from north america and the uk. based on these findings, we undertook the current study to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) covering the genes erap1 and il23r are associated with as in a han chinese population. | 2009 | 19877036 |
| a human experiment in nerve division by w.h.r. rivers md frs, fellow of st john's college, cambridge and henry head md frs, physician to the london hospital, brain 1908: 31; 323-450. | | 2009 | 19877308 |
| risk factors for the carriage of campylobacter upsaliensis by dogs in a community in cheshire. | samples of faeces were taken from 183 healthy pet dogs in a census-based, cross-sectional study in cheshire; culture methods were used to detect any campylobacter species and a direct pcr was used to detect campylobacter upsaliensis. forty-six of the dogs were positive for c upsaliensis by either culture or direct pcr, giving a prevalence of 25.1 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [ci] 19.0 to 32.1 per cent). one sample was positive by culture for campylobacter jejuni (95 per cent ci 0.0 ... | 2009 | 19880860 |
| number of swine flu patients going into intensive care is rising. | | 2009 | 19884211 |
| influenza vaccination: a cross-sectional prospective audit of influenza vaccination in patients admitted to a london hospital. | | 2009 | 19886122 |
| the infectious diseases biobank at king's college london: archiving samples from patients infected with hiv to facilitate translational research. | the king's college london (kcl) infectious diseases biobank opened in 2007 and collects peripheral venous blood (pvb) from individuals infected with pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). pvbs are fractionated into plasmas, lymphocytes and dna and are then frozen. all donations are from subjects who have given 'open consent' so samples can be used for virtually any type of biomedical research. the hiv component of the biobank contains samples from over 400 donations from 138 hiv ... | 2009 | 19886990 |
| artistic: a randomised trial of human papillomavirus (hpv) testing in primary cervical screening. | primary cervical screening uses cytology to detect cancer precursor lesions [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia stage 3 or beyond (cin3+)]. human papillomavirus (hpv) testing could add sensitivity as an adjunct to cytology or as a first test, reserving cytology for hpv-positive women. this study addresses the questions: does the combination of cytology and hpv testing achieve a reduction in incident cin3+?; is hpv testing cost-effective in primary cervical screening?; is its use associated with ... | 2009 | 19891902 |
| a population-based cytogenetic study of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. | chromosomal abnormalities are increasingly used to risk stratify adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. published data describing the age-specific incidence of chromosomal abnormalities and their prognostic relevance are largely derived from clinical trials. trials frequently have age restrictions and low recruitment rates. thus we investigated these factors in a population-based cohort of 349 patients diagnosed during the course of 19 years in the northern part of england. the incidence of m ... | 2010 | 19897583 |
| [how to manage the cost-efficacy ratio?]. | the economical science will gradually introduce the health economy of which the definition urges to seek for a better distribution between public and private means to do more and better for the public health. the health market is principally conducted by the supply and demand law. the needs, the supply and demand and the consumer's behaviour are different in this particular market which evolves continuously and progressively goes closer to the market economy. the health status of each human repr ... | 2009 | 19899391 |
| [somerset maugham--a doctor in human bondage]. | | 2009 | 19902609 |
| the maternal age-specific live birth prevalence of trisomies 13 and 18 compared to trisomy 21 (down syndrome). | to estimate the maternal age-specific live birth prevalence (in the absence of prenatal diagnosis and selective termination) of trisomy 13 (patau syndrome) and trisomy 18 (edwards syndrome) and compare it with that of trisomy 21 (down syndrome). | 2010 | 19911411 |
| dog fight: darwin as animal advocate in the antivivisection controversy of 1875. | the traditional characterization of charles darwin as a strong advocate of physiological experimentation on animals was posited in richard french's antivivisection and medical science in victorian england (1975), where french portrayed him as a soldier in thomas huxley's efforts to preserve anatomical experimentation on animals unfettered by government regulation. that interpretation relied too much on, inter alia, huxley's own description of the legislative battles of 1875, and shared many hist ... | 2009 | 19917485 |
| pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus outbreak in a school in london, april-may 2009: an observational study. | on 29 april 2009, an imported case of pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus infection was detected in a london school. as further cases, pupils and staff members were identified, school closure and mass prophylaxis were implemented. an observational descriptive study was conducted to provide an insight into the clinical presentation and transmission dynamics in this setting. between 15 april and 15 may 2009, 91 symptomatic cases were identified: 33 were confirmed positive for pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus inf ... | 2010 | 19925691 |
| a spatial and seasonal assessment of river water chemistry across north west england. | this paper presents information on the spatial and seasonal patterns of river water chemistry at approximately 800 sites in north west england based on data from the environment agency regional monitoring programme. within a gis framework, the linkages between average water chemistry (ph, sulphate, base cations, nutrients and metals) catchment characteristics (topography, land cover, soil hydrology, base flow index and geology), rainfall, deposition chemistry and geo-spatial information on disch ... | 2010 | 19926113 |
| laws of humanity. | the human rights act should underpin everything nurses do in caring for patients. the topic is the subject of an rcn conference to be held in london on october 26. | 2009 | 19927552 |
| pigs ears and the law of unintended consequences. | | 2009 | 19933614 |
| homicide and suicide in yorkshire and the humber: 1975-1992 and 1993-2007. | homicide-suicide (hs) events in yorkshire and the humber have been documented previously by milroy in a study of the period 1975 to 1992 (milroy, med sci law. 1993;33:167-171; milroy 1994; milroy, forensic sci int. 1995;71:117-122; milroy, med sci law. 1995;35:213-217; and milroy, j clin forensic med. 1998;5:61-64). reported here is an update of that study covering hs events in the same region from 1993 to 2007. data from cohort 1 (1975-1992) and cohort 2 (1993-2007) are presented and compared, ... | 2010 | 19935394 |
| the power of language in medicine. case study: mongolism. | | 2009 | 19938258 |
| up to a third of schoolchildren in some parts of england may already have had swine flu. | | 2009 | 19939903 |
| the journal ergonomics celebrates the quality of the research published in its pages each year through an annual prize, the liberty mutual award. | | 2009 | 19941179 |
| epidemiology of herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1 amongst men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics in england and wales: implications for hiv prevention and management. | the objective was to investigate herpes simplex virus (hsv) epidemiology amongst hiv-positive and hiv-negative men who have sex with men (msm) in england and wales. unlinked anonymous sera from 3,968 msm attending 12 sexual health clinics in 2003 were tested for hiv, hsv-2 and hsv-1 antibodies. fifty-five percent of hiv-positive msm were hsv-2-seropositive, compared to 17% of hiv-negative msm (adj rr: 2.14 [ci: 1.92-2.37]). amongst hiv-positive individuals, there was no significant difference in ... | 2009 | 19941804 |
| science and the discovery of the imagination in enlightened england. | | 1969 | 19950449 |
| chronic hepatitis c is associated with peripheral rather than hepatic insulin resistance. | chronic hepatitis c (chc) is associated with insulin resistance (ir), liver steatosis (genotype 3), and increased diabetes risk. the site and mechanisms of ir are unclear. | 2010 | 19962985 |
| programme to vaccinate poultry workers against seasonal influenza: options for delivery in the east of england. | avian influenza a (h5n1) has spread to the uk causing outbreaks in commercial poultry. vaccination of poultry workers with seasonal influenza has been advised to prevent a viral mutation that could facilitate human-to-human transmission, causing a new pandemic strain. this project aimed to determine delivery options and costs of a vaccination programme targeted at poultry workers. data from the great britain poultry register were used to understand the distribution of the target population. a st ... | 2011 | 19968846 |
| fall in swine flu cases may not signal an end of the epidemic, warns professor donaldson. | | 2009 | 19969608 |
| phase i study of high-stringency cd8 depletion of donor leukocyte infusions after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | donor leukocyte infusions (dli) are given after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation to eradicate persistent tumor or correct mixed chimerism (mc). the drawback of dli is the risk of graft-versus-host disease (gvhd). in this phase i study, we examined the potential of highly extensive cd8 depletion of dli as a means of improving its safety profile. | 2009 | 19996931 |
| mortality from pandemic a/h1n1 2009 influenza in england: public health surveillance study. | to establish mortality from pandemic a/h1n1 2009 influenza up to 8 november 2009. | 2009 | 20007665 |
| gps make deals with local nhs to vaccinate children against swine flu. | | 2009 | 20008016 |
| tensions and paradoxes in electronic patient record research: a systematic literature review using the meta-narrative method. | the extensive research literature on electronic patient records (eprs) presents challenges to systematic reviewers because it covers multiple research traditions with different underlying philosophical assumptions and methodological approaches. | 2009 | 20021585 |
| communication challenges of hpv vaccination. | the uk has introduced a national human papillomavirus (hpv) immunisation programme for girls aged 12-13 from autumn 2008. previous research has explored public understanding of the causes of cervical cancer and found little awareness of the role of hpv. | 2010 | 20022908 |
| swine flu has been "considerably less lethal than feared," says donaldson. | | 2009 | 20026511 |
| healthcare workers' perceptions of the duty to work during an influenza pandemic. | healthcare workers (hcws) are often assumed to have a duty to work, even if faced with personal risk. this is particularly so for professionals (doctors and nurses). however, the health service also depends on non-professionals, such as porters, cooks and cleaners. the duty to work is currently under scrutiny because of the ongoing challenge of responding to pandemic influenza, where an effective response depends on most uninfected hcws continuing to work, despite personal risk. this paper repor ... | 2010 | 20026687 |
| his majesty's subjects: from laboratory to human experiment in pneumatic chemistry. | experiments in pneumatic chemistry paved the way for medical innovation in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. thomas beddoes and james watt were instrumental in the spread of the use of new gas chemistry in pneumatic therapy, but they were far from alone. there was no shortage of experimental subjects, as the practice was quickly taken up by medics throughout britain. | 2009 | 20027745 |
| thomas beddoes and the german psychological tradition. | this paper considers thomas beddoes's role in disseminating german psychological ideas in britain. it describes the german tradition as inaugurated by karl philipp moritz (1756-93) and considers the chief differences between this tradition and the english one stemming from david hartley. it is suggested that beddoes found strong support for his convictions about human interiority in writings by moritz and his followers. in particular, these enabled him to think about sanity and madness as being ... | 2009 | 20027748 |
| legal dilemmas for clinicians involved in the care and treatment of children and young people with mental disorder. | the 2008 revised mental health act code of practice describes the legal framework governing the admission to hospital and treatment of children and young people for mental disorders as complex. clinicians are required to be conversant with common law principles as well as the mental health act (mha), children act, mental capacity act (mca), family law reform act, human rights act, and the united nations convention on the rights of the child. professionals working with the mha and the mca have a ... | 2010 | 20030658 |
| single-cell expression profiling of dopaminergic neurons combined with association analysis identifies pyridoxal kinase as parkinson's disease gene. | the etiology of parkinson disease (pd) is complex and multifactorial, with hereditary and environmental factors contributing. monogenic forms have provided molecular clues to disease mechanisms but genetic modifiers of idiopathic pd are still to be determined. | 2009 | 20035503 |
| prnp variation in uk sporadic and variant creutzfeldt jakob disease highlights genetic risk factors and a novel non-synonymous polymorphism. | genetic analysis of the human prion protein gene (prnp) in suspect cases of creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd) is necessary for accurate diagnosis and case classification. previous publications on the genetic variation at the prnp locus have highlighted the presence of numerous polymorphisms, in addition to the well recognised one at codon 129, with significant variability between geographically distinct populations. it is therefore of interest to consider their influence on susceptibility or the c ... | 2009 | 20035629 |
| barriers to targeted hiv testing on an acute admissions unit: evaluation of the uk guideline. | one-quarter of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the uk are unaware of their infection, leading to late presentation with consequent increased morbidity and mortality, as well as ongoing transmission of infection. recent uk guidelines advise hiv testing of patients with 'indicator diseases' in secondary care. there are limited seroprevalence data to support this recommendation, and acute medical settings present operational difficulties that may limit its feasibility. | 2010 | 20040534 |
| vaccination of poultry workers: delivery and uptake of seasonal influenza immunization. | avian influenza is a highly infectious disease in poultry and although the risk of human infection is low, concerns exist that it could evolve into a new human strain of pandemic potential if reassortment with a human influenza virus occurs. in january 2007, the uk government introduced a programme to vaccinate poultry workers to reduce the potential of such an event. this study evaluates the delivery, uptake and costs of the programme in three counties of england. a questionnaire survey was com ... | 2011 | 20042057 |
| comparison of first-trimester contingent screening strategies for down syndrome. | to assess the relative performance of a multi-stage first-trimester screening protocol for fetal down syndrome. | 2010 | 20052660 |
| two-dimensional patterns of human enamel thickness on deciduous (dm1, dm2) and permanent first (m1) mandibular molars. | to characterise patterns of enamel thickness on deciduous (dm1, dm2) and permanent first (m1) mandibular molars and evaluate these against functional and morphological interpretative models. | 2010 | 20056193 |
| breast cancer in women under 40 years of age: a series of 57 cases from northern ireland. | there are few studies examining breast cancer in women under the age of 40 years, particularly in western european populations. such tumours are reported to be more aggressive, possibly due to a different pathophysiology compared to older patients. | 2010 | 20060718 |
| swine flu: a birmingham experience. | by the beginning of july 2009 the west midlands had seen more cases of novel h1n1 influenza (swine flu) than any other region in the u.k. over a three-week period almost 850 people presented to heartlands hospital with flu-like symptoms. of those admitted 52 adults were subsequently confirmed as having h1n1 infection. most were younger than 30 and not from traditional influenza risk groups. the main risk factor for severe disease was asthma, and to a lesser extent pregnancy and obesity. seven pa ... | 2009 | 20095293 |
| incidence of 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 infection in england: a cross-sectional serological study. | knowledge of the age-specific prevalence of immunity from, and incidence of infection with, 2009 pandemic influenza a h1n1 virus is essential for modelling the future burden of disease and the effectiveness of interventions such as vaccination. | 2010 | 20096450 |
| vaccination against pandemic influenza a/h1n1v in england: a real-time economic evaluation. | decisions on how to mitigate an evolving pandemic are technically challenging. we present a real-time assessment of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative influenza a/h1n1v vaccination strategies. a transmission dynamic model was fitted to the estimated number of cases in real-time, and used to generate plausible autumn scenarios under different vaccination options. the proportion of these cases by age and risk group leading to primary care consultations, national pandemic flu s ... | 2010 | 20096762 |
| investigation of farms linked to human patients with cryptosporidiosis in england and wales. | the study investigates farms suspected of being sources of zoonotic human cryptosporidiosis. a variety of implicated farm animal species were sampled and tested to detect cryptosporidium oocysts and investigate genetic linkage with human patients. risk factor information was collected from each farm and analysed by multivariable logistic regression to detect significant associations between factors and cryptosporidium in animals. the results showed that average sample prevalence of cryptosporidi ... | 2010 | 20096944 |
| predicting the postmortem submersion interval for human remains recovered from u.k. waterways. | this article aims to increase accuracy in estimating the postmortem submersion interval (pmsi) for bodies recovered from rivers in the united kingdom. data were collected from closed case files, crime scene reports, and autopsy files concerning bodies recovered over a 15-year period from the river clyde, scotland, and the river mersey and canals in northwest england. one hundred and eighty-seven cases met the study criteria and were scored by quantifying the overall amount of decomposition obser ... | 2010 | 20102465 |
| current and future climate- and air pollution-mediated impacts on human health. | we describe a project to quantify the burden of heat and ozone on mortality in the uk, both for the present-day and under future emission scenarios. | 2009 | 20102593 |
| predicted impact of vaccination against human papillomavirus 16/18 on cancer incidence and cervical abnormalities in women aged 20-29 in the uk. | human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination has been approved in more than 90 countries and is being implemented in many of these. in the uk, vaccination for girls aged 12-13 with catch-up for girls up to age 18 was introduced in 2008, using the bivalent gsk vaccine (cervarix). | 2010 | 20104226 |
| human resources. get the measure of your team. | | 2010 | 20120611 |
| school absence data for influenza surveillance: a pilot study in the united kingdom. | school-age children are at a high risk of acute respiratory virus infections including the 2009 pandemic influenza a(h1n1). school absence records have been suggested as a tool for influenza surveillance. we analysed absence records from six primary schools (children aged from around five to 11 years) in london during the years 2005 to 2007 in order to provide baseline epidemiological characteristics of illness-related school absence, and to correlate school absence with seasonal influenza. the ... | 2010 | 20122378 |
| unrecognised scurvy. signs and requirements. | | 2010 | 20124375 |
| english mortality from a/h1n1. comparisons with recent flu mortality. | | 2010 | 20124383 |
| health sector leadership in mitigating climate change: experience from the uk and nsw. | the threat to human health from climate change means that all levels of government and private and public agencies will need to change their current practices to reduce carbon emissions. the health sector will also need to respond and change practice. the national health service in the united kingdom is developing a systematic and strategic approach to reduce its carbon footprint, as described in the recently released nhs carbon reduction strategy for england. the work is being led by the servic ... | 2009 | 20132739 |
| h1n1 vaccine. four shas have swine flu jab deals in place. | | 2010 | 20135811 |
| unexpected, periodic and permanent increase in medical inpatient care: man-made or new disease? | for many years medical admissions to acute hospitals have been increasing at a rate far higher than expected from demographic change. factors such as emergency re-admission, gp thresholds, breakdown of the family unit and deficiencies in community and social care have been suggested to explain this widening gap. solutions to the problem have revolved around demand management strategies. while such strategies do result in a relative reduction in demand they are unable to prevent the underlying lo ... | 2010 | 20138437 |
| 'i've just taken you to see the man with the cd on his head': the experience and management of recurrent sore throat in children. | tonsillectomies for children with recurrent sore throat are common. there is a perception amongst medical professionals that parents are eager for surgical intervention but the parent/child perspective is overlooked in the literature. this study aimed to identify parent/child experience of recurrent sore throat. the study was qualitative, using grounded theory approach to data collection/analysis. semi-structured, in-depth, interviews were conducted with 12 dyads of children (aged 4-16) and thei ... | 2010 | 20147567 |
| attribution of human listeria monocytogenes infections in england and wales to ready-to-eat food sources placed on the market: adaptation of the hald salmonella source attribution model. | human listeriosis is a rare but serious foodborne disease, with high morbidity and mortality in vulnerable populations (e.g., pregnant women, the elderly, and the immunocompromised). the disease is predominantly caused by the consumption of contaminated ready-to-eat foods. since 2001, an increase in the number of listeriosis cases has been observed in several european union countries, including england and wales, predominantly in the over-60s population. the cause of this selective increased inc ... | 2010 | 20156087 |
| [doctor brown-sequard's therapy]. | pioneer in the field of hormone therapy, charles-edward brown-séquard (1817-1894) tried to stop the effects of aging on his contemporaries by injecting animal testicle extracts. his therapy was very popular in the last years of the 19th century. he even had followers in the following century, amongst whom serge voronoff (1866-1951), who grafted monkey testicles in replacement of human ones, or paul niehans (1882-1971) who practiced therapy using calf embryo cells in switzerland. | 2010 | 20167305 |
| kamal a. chunchie of the coloured men's institute: the man and the legend. | the lives of black communities in britain in the inter-war period, the racial hostility faced by them, the discriminatory coloured alien seamen's order (1925), have all been documented by historians of black history. the lives of the black communities of the east end of london, and the work of organizations, notably, harold moody's league of coloured peoples, among them has also been touched on by historians. the work of other individuals and organizations among the black communities in the east ... | 1999 | 20169683 |
| appendix: remembering max perutz, scientist and humanitarian. | | 2010 | 20173292 |
| derivation of the king's college london human embryonic stem cell lines. | since the derivation of the first human embryonic stem cell (hesc) line in 1998, there has been substantial interest in the potential of these cells for regenerative medicine and cell therapy and in the use of hescs carrying clinically relevant genetic mutations as models for disease research and therapeutic target identification. there is still a need to improve derivation efficiency and further the understanding of the basic biology of these cells and to develop clinical grade culture systems ... | 2010 | 20178004 |
| antiviral pandemic risk assessment for urban receiving waters. | an 80% metabolic conversion of the tamiflu pro-drug (oseltamivir phosphate, op) to its metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate (oc) and a high excretion rate combined with poor removal at sewage treatment works (stws) means that potentially high stw oc emissions may occur in receiving waters. a risk assessment approach undertaken within the river lee catchment in north east london indicates that predicted environmental concentrations for surface waters (pec(sw)) are likely to be in the general range ... | 2010 | 20182065 |
| cerebral localization in the nineteenth century--the birth of a science and its modern consequences. | although many individuals contributed to the development of the science of cerebral localization, its conceptual framework is the work of a single man--john hughlings jackson (1835-1911), a victorian physician practicing in london. hughlings jackson's formulation of a neurological science consisted of an axiomatic basis, an experimental methodology, and a clinical neurophysiology. his axiom--that the brain is an exclusively sensorimotor machine--separated neurology from psychiatry and establishe ... | 2009 | 20183205 |
| the role of focal epilepsy in the development of jacksonian localization. | in the 1860s john hughlings jackson (1835-1911) reasoned on theoretical grounds that voluntary movements probably were represented in the human cerebral cortex. he then studied the clinical phenomenologies and pathological associations of human focal motor epileptic seizures, post-epileptic hemiplegia and aphasia, and also chorea. from these various lines of evidence he concluded by 1870 that voluntary movement of the face and upper limb on the opposite side were represented in a localized area ... | 2009 | 20183206 |
| harold shaw and the ross sea party: epilepsy in the antarctic. | harold shaw was a 29-year-old man with epilepsy who was part of the ross sea party. sailing on the vessel aurora, their mission was to lay the supply depots for shackleton's men that would allow them to complete the second half of their trans-antarctic crossing. shaw suffered nocturnal seizures that were documented in the diaries of the senior officers. the nocturnal convulsions were followed by confused wanderings, described as somnambulism, around the ship, that were most likely postictal beha ... | 2009 | 20183212 |
| human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in older people. | the number of older people living with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the uk is rising. older people are at risk of acquiring hiv infection for a multitude of reasons. this, combined with effective hiv treatment which has significantly prolonged life expectancy, means that health care professionals working in the uk can expect to see increasing numbers of older people with hiv infection. in this review article, we summarise the epidemiology of hiv amongst older people, including data from ... | 2010 | 20190230 |
| "having lived much in the world": inhabitation, embodiment and english women travellers' representations of russia in the eighteenth century. | this article examines representations of russia in the travel writings of british women in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. using a mid-nineteenth- century text, the englishwoman in russia, to introduce the more familiar racialised models of difference deployed by imperial travel writers, the article connects these with two mid-eighteenth-century travel texts by virtue of the women writers' shared preoccupation with the female body as a sign of national culture, and cultural difference. ... | 2001 | 20196245 |
| "secrets of the female sex": jane sharp, the reproductive female body, and early modern midwifery manuals. | early modern midwifery manuals in britain were usually the work of men. these books were a significant source of information about the body to the wider reading public: many sold well, and their prefatory materials include injunctions to readers not to make improper use of them. what is particularly interesting about jane sharp's midwives book (1671) is that it both provides a compendium of current beliefs concerning reproduction, and indicates the author's ironic perception of the misogyny that ... | 2001 | 20196248 |