| age-related changes in the ovalbumin gene of the japanese quail. | northern hybridization studies showed that the level of ovalbumin mrna decreases in the oviduct of the japanese quail after adulthood. in order to find out if this is due to changes in the conformation of the chromatin containing the promoter region of the gene, nuclei of the oviduct of young, adult and old birds were digested by dnasei and micrococcal nuclease (mnase). southern hybridization with the labelled promoter showed that this region is less sensitive to the two enzymes in the old birds ... | 1996 | 8806640 |
| [the effect of hypodynamia on striated muscles in japanese quail]. | the effect of hypodynamia during 9, 30, 60 and 90 days on the striated muscle m. gastrocnemius in japanese quails was studied. we have found different developed dystrophic changes of mitochondria, myofibrils and sarcotubular system. changes of the studied tissue caused by hypodynamia in the first two groups (9 and 30 days hypodynamy) are the reaction to stress and developing situation. gradually japanese quails have come up to the influence of the hypodynamia (60 days hypodynamia). in the last e ... | 1996 | 8966966 |
| rnase a activity in japanese quail oocytes. | the presence of rnase a activity was studied in vitro in homogenates of quail oocytes and early embryos using [3h]poly(u) as a substrate. the activity was measured by adsorption of the undegraded substrate onto de-81 filter paper discs and by chromatographic separation on a sephadex g-50 column. rnase a activity examined by these methods was almost undetectable in quail previtellogenic, vitellogenic and ovulated oocytes as well as in the embryos from laid eggs. it is estimated to be about 1.1 x ... | 1996 | 9117282 |
| effect of dietary cholesterol on the activities of key enzymes of cholesterol metabolism in hyperlipidemia- and atherosclerosis-prone japanese quail. | the hyperlipidemia- and atherosclerosis-prone (hap) japanese quail is a strain developed for the study of atherosclerosis by genetic selection from the commercially available (ca) japanese quail. to delineate the characteristics of cholesterol metabolism in this strain, concentrations of serum lipids as well as hepatic enzyme activities were compared between hap and ca quail. the hepatic enzymes studied are involved in the key step reaction in cholesterol metabolism: hmg-coa reductase, acat, and ... | 1996 | 8906630 |
| interactions of trans-acting factor(s) with the estradiol response element and nuclear factor 1 of the vitellogenin ii gene of japanese quail. | this study was directed at achieving an understanding of the mechanisms by which steroid hormones control the synthesis of vitellogenin (vtg) protein in the liver of the japanese quail. northern hybridization shows that administration of estradiol alone or with progesterone stimulates the synthesis of vtg mrna. gel mobility shift assay of dna fragments containing the ere and nf 1 shows that estradiol alone or with progesterone increases the levels of nuclear proteins that bind to these cis-actin ... | 1996 | 8866005 |
| cholecystokinin a receptor antagonist inhibits feed memory in japanese quail. | cholecystokinin (cck) modulates learning and memory processes in mammals. the main objective of this work was to study the effect of two cholecystokinin receptor antagonists (ccka antagonist devazepide and cckb antagonist pd135158) on feed memory processes in japanese quail. memorization of colored food was measured by comparing the feeding behavior of 6- to 8-day-old quails during two successive sessions of 10 min after a 30-min fast in the test box, intersession interval: 24 h. the ccka antago ... | 1996 | 8840921 |
| insect hormones in vertebrates: anabolic effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone in japanese quail. | ecdysteroids are hormones controlling cell proliferation, growth and the developmental cycles of insects and other invertebrates. they are occasionally present in various unrelated plants for no apparent reason; no phytohormonal function has yet been identified. in certain cases, ecdysteroids are accumulated to high levels in leaves, roots or seeds. some ecdysteroid-containing plants have been known as medicinal plants for centuries. one of them, leuzea carthamoides iljin (asteraceae), growing i ... | 1996 | 8698114 |
| dietary cholesterol effects on plasma and yolk cholesterol fractions in selected lines of japanese quail. | japanese quail from lines that had been divergently selected for high (hl) or low (ll) plasma total cholesterol and their unselected control line (cl) were fed an all vegetable diet to which 0 or 0.5% crystalline cholesterol were added. relationships between plasma and yolk cholesterol fractions were examined at 10, 14, and 18 wk of age, which followed 2, 6, and 10 wk consumption of the cholesterol-enriched diet, respectively. unesterified cholesterol (uc) and cholesteryl esters (ce) in plasma a ... | 1996 | 8966183 |
| coexistence of nadph-diaphorase and tyrosine hydroxylase in the mesencephalic catecholaminergic system of the japanese quail. | previous studies have shown the presence of a large number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph)-diaphorase positive elements within the mesencephalic and pontine regions of the japanese quail. in the present study histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures reveal that cells expressing at least one of these two neurochemical markers coexist throughout a large part of the substantia nigra and of the area ventralis of tsai. als ... | 1996 | 8841887 |
| modulation of vitellogenin ii gene by estradiol and progesterone in the japanese quail. | estrogen and progesterone receptors are reported to functionally cooperate in gene activation if their cognate binding sites are close to one another in the gene. our studies show that the expression of the vitellogenin (vtg) gene is induced by estradiol alone or along with progesterone. progesterone alone inhibits the expression completely. methylation status of the vtg gene remains unaltered by steroid hormones. gel mobility shift assay shows that qualitative and quantitative changes occur in ... | 1996 | 8630066 |
| prostaglandin e2 derivative, enprostil, reduces hepatic triacylglycerol content in japanese quail. | this study investigated the effect of prostaglandin e2 derivative, enprostil, on the hepatic lipid metabolism of japanese quail. in experiment 1, the birds received 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 micrograms enprostil/kg body weight intraperitoneally, and they were killed after 10, 30, 60 and 120 min. after 60 min, hepatic triacylglycerol content was reduced most effectively by 10 micrograms enprostil/kg body weight. in experiment 2, effect of enprostil (10 micrograms/kg body weight) on liver enzyme activitie ... | 1996 | 8799460 |
| threat-induced behavioural inhibition in japanese quail genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical response to mechanical restraint. | 1. behavioural and adrenocortical responses to brief mechanical restraint were examined in 28-d-old female japanese quail of two lines which had been genetically selected over several generations for either reduced (ls, low stress) or exaggerated (hs, high stress) plasma corticosterone response to brief immobilisation in a metal box. 2. as expected, quail of the ls line showed lower adrenocortical responses to restraint than did their hs line counterparts. the ls quail also struggled much sooner ... | 1996 | 8773855 |
| effect of egg turning and fertility upon the sodium concentration of albumen of the japanese quail. | 1. the effects of egg turning and fertility upon sodium concentration of albumen of the japanese quail is described for up to 72 h incubation. 2. for incubated eggs the sodium concentration of albumen adjacent to the yolk sac was lower than that from albumen next to the shell. static incubation increased the magnitude of this difference, such that albumen adjacent to the yolk sac was substantially depleted of sodium. this was found at the yolk equator and the yolk vegetal pole of both fertilised ... | 1996 | 8773839 |
| aspirin promotes hepatic triacylglycerol accumulation in essential fatty acid-deficient japanese quail. | this study was conducted to investigate whether the effect of a high dose of aspirin on hepatic triacylglycerol content is altered by dietary essential fatty acids (efa) in japanese quail. the birds were given an efa-free or efa-adequate [containing 2% (w/w) linoleic acid] diet ad libitum from 7 to 24 days of age. on the final experimental day, the birds received vehicle or 800 mg aspirin/kg body weight intraperitoneally and were killed 4 h subsequently. in birds fed the efa-free diet, hepatic t ... | 1996 | 8738303 |
| effects on pcbs on liver ultrastructure and monooxygenase activities in japanese quail. | | 1996 | 8661870 |
| vitamin c supplementation and fear-reduction in japanese quail: short-term cumulative effects. | 1. fear-related behaviour was measured in individually-housed japanese quail which had received either untreated drinking water (udw) or a vitamin c solution (ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate, app, 1 g l-ascorbic acid/1 for 1 or 4 d. behavioural tests were carried out at 24 or 27 d of age. water consumption was measured daily and plasma ascorbic acid (aa) content was assayed after differential treatment for 1 or 4 d. 2. the quail in the app treatment groups drank significantly more than did those receiv ... | 1996 | 8833525 |
| organization of the vagal preganglionic neurons innervating the stomach in the japanese quail (conturinx japonica) double labeling fluorescent method. | cytoarchitectural study indicated that the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagal nerve (nx) was formed by two subnuclei in a coronal section. one of them had large and round neurons, and occupied the dorsal part of the nx (xd). the second one had small and oval neurons, and occupied the ventral part of the nx (xv). the double labeling fluorescent method was performed to determine the organization of preganglionic neurons in the nx innervating different muscles of the quail stomach. injections of nuc ... | 1996 | 8777230 |
| involvement of (n-6) essential fatty acids and prostaglandins in liver lipid accumulation in japanese quail. | to investigate the involvement of (n-6) essential fatty acids, such as linoleic acid [18:2(n-6)] or gamma-linolenic acid [18:3(n-6)], and of prostaglandins on liver lipid accumulation in japanese quail. | 1996 | 8669766 |
| stretch overload-induced satellite cell activation in slow tonic muscle from adult and aged japanese quail. | stretch overload-induced activation of satellite cells in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) muscle was examined in full-grown adult (12 wk old) and aged (90 wk old) japanese quail. 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (brdu) constant-release pellets (0.22 mg brdu.g body wt-1.day-1) were implanted subcutaneously before weighting the left wing of each bird. nuclei that incorporated brdu were localized by immunohistochemistry after 1 or 2 wk of stretch overload. total fiber number was quantified by counting ... | 1996 | 8779922 |
| porphyrins as biomarkers of methylmercury and pcb exposure in experimental quail. | chemicals such as heavy metals and polyhalogenated hydrocarbons have a high capacity to interfere with the enzymatic processes responsible for haem biosynthesis. these compounds can produce accumulation in tissues and organs and increased elimination of porphyrins in excreta (andrew et al, 1990). the development of fast and easy analytical methods and the wide variety of biological media in which porphyrins can be detected have suggested their use as biomarkers of environmental pollution (akins ... | 1996 | 8720096 |
| establishment of the mesodermal cell line qce-6. a model system for cardiac cell differentiation. | the qce-6 cell line was derived from precardiac mesoderm of the japanese quail. as previously reported, these cells are able to differentiate into two distinct cardiac cell types with myocardial or endocardial endothelial cell properties. this present communication describes in detail the derivation of this cell line and further characterizes the nontreated and induced myocardial and endothelial phenotypes of these cells. the qce-6 cells exhibit an epithelial morphology, as well as the pattern o ... | 1996 | 8575063 |
| effect of retinyl acetate, ascorbic acid and tocopherol supplementation of the feed on egg vitamin a content in japanese quail. | the ration fed to laying japanese quails was supplemented either with retinyl acetate (ra) (50 x 10(3) iu/kg, group a), ascorbic acid (500 mg/kg, group c), or with both substances in combination with each other (group ac) and with tocopheryl acetate (37.8 iu/kg; groups ae and ace). on days 1, 8, 14, 20 and 28, some quantitative parameters of eggs (mass of egg-shell, albumen and egg yolk, retinoid content of egg yolk) were measured. the egg production parameters were not significantly affected by ... | 1996 | 8908745 |
| testosterone effects on the neuronal ultrastructure in the medial preoptic nucleus of male japanese quail. | dorsolateral neurons of the medial preoptic nucleus (pom) of male japanese quail are sensitive to the plasma levels of testosterone: their volume and optical density in nissl-stained sections increase in castrated birds treated with testosterone. the present study was performed on castrated male quail treated or not with silastic implants filled with testosterone to describe the ultrastructural variations induced by testosterone in these neurons. gonadally intact male birds were included as cont ... | 1996 | 8705315 |
| dietary effects of corn oil, oleic acid, perilla oil, and evening [corrected] primrose oil on plasma and hepatic lipid level and atherosclerosis in japanese quail. | to compare the atherogenecity of different fats and oils, a total of forty, 40-day-old male japanese quails were fed one of the following diets for three months: basal diet (control), a diet-containing 15% corn oil (co) and 2% cholesterol (ch), a diet-containing 15% oleic acid (ol) and 2% ch, a diet-containing 15% perilla oil (pe) and 2% ch, a diet-containing 15% evening [corrected] primrose oil (pr) and 2% ch. a higher plasma cholesterol concentration was found in the birds in the co and ol gro ... | 1996 | 8689581 |
| analysis of poultry fertility data. 3. analysis of the duration of fertility in naturally mating japanese quail. | the purpose of the present study was to test the appropriateness of iterative least squares regression for the evaluation of fertility data in naturally mating quail. in each of four trials, 20 male and 200 female randombred japanese quail were housed in stacked breeder cages. paired females were exposed to their assigned male for a single 48-h period. eggs were collected for 2 wk following removal of the male, incubated, and fertility determined by visual inspection at egg breakout. in trials 1 ... | 1996 | 8650104 |
| role of dietary gamma-linolenic acid in liver lipid metabolism in japanese quail. | 1. the importance of linoleic acid (18:2n-6) itself and of dietary gamma-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) as essential fatty acids (efa) in japanese quail were investigated with regard to liver lipid metabolism. experimental diets were made by adding of 0, 2 or 4 g gamma-linolenic acid/kg, or 20 g linoleic acid/kg to an n-6 efa-free diet. from 3 to 6 weeks of age, birds were fed equal amounts of experimental diets. 2. liver weight and lipid content in birds fed the 2 and 4 g gamma-linolenic acid/kg diet ... | 1995 | 8746984 |
| the circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in japanese quail: iii. effects of melatonin administration. | recent studies indicate that the circadian pacemakers in the eyes of japanese quail are coupled to the rest of the circadian system by both neural and hormonal outputs. the effects of exogenous melatonin administration on circadian body temperature and activity rhythms of quail were tested to determine whether melatonin could be the hormonal link involved. continuous melatonin administration caused arrhythmicity or period changes in the body temperature and activity rhythms of pinealectomized an ... | 1995 | 8639937 |
| immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in the ovary of the adult japanese quail. | the present study focuses on the immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor in the ovary of the adult japanese quail. immunoreactivity was predominantly found in the smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and of chordae, in granulosa cells of pre-lampbrush follicles, in interstitial cells, in the balbiani complex of pre-lampbrush oocytes, and in ganglia. in developing follicles, immunoreactivity was also detected in some granulosa and thecal cells, in the zona radiata, and especia ... | 1995 | 8787967 |
| heterosis and overdominance following long-term selection for body weight in japanese quail. | although nonadditive genetic variation is more important in crosses among laying stocks than among meat stocks, development of special sire and dam lines to control the release of primary lines results in broilers being the product of three- or four-way crosses. therefore, nonadditive genetic effects are important in meat stocks because of opportunities to combine stocks that complement each other. four experiments were conducted to investigate heterosis and overdominance arising from crossing j ... | 1995 | 8614682 |
| stretch-induced transformations in myosin expression of quail anterior latissimus dorsi muscle. | we have previously found alterations in expression of native myosin isoforms during adaptations to 30 d of stretch-induced hypertrophy in the quail anterior latissimus dorsi muscle (ald). however, myosin heavy and light chain expression have not been studied during adaptations to stretch. in the current study, expression of myosin heavy and light chains and native myosin isoforms were characterized after placing a weight on one wing of japanese quail for 0, 7, 14, or 21 d (n = 8 birds.d-1). ald ... | 1995 | 8587485 |
| effect of prolonged starvation on the activities of malic enzyme and acetylcholinesterase in tissues of japanese quail. | during starvation muscle protein degradation is increased but the mechanism for this is uncertain. in this study japanese quail were starved for 5 days and the activities of malic enzyme and acetylcholinesterase were determined in various tissues. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the soluble proteins with molecular weights corresponding to 160, 120, 108, 99 and 38 kda were absent in the liver of the starved group. in the pectoral muscle the soluble proteins with molecular weigh ... | 1995 | 7584601 |
| time course of hypertrophic adaptations of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle to stretch overload in aged japanese quail. | the purpose of this study was to determine if aged japanese quail demonstrated an altered time course of change in the morphology of the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) muscle during the first two weeks of hypertrophy induced by stretch overload. the left wing of adult (12 weeks of age) and aged (90 weeks of age) birds were weighted with 10% of their body weight; the right wing served as the intra-animal control. thirteen to sixteen birds from each age group were killed after 7 and 14 days of st ... | 1995 | 7583796 |
| sex-related alterations in antioxidant status and susceptibility to atherosclerosis in japanese quail. | to examine antioxidant enzyme activities in aorta and blood of male and female japanese quail on control or cholesterol-supplemented diets, given the strong influence of sex and the postulated role of oxidative processes in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. | 1995 | 7489535 |
| effects of diencephalic lesions on approach responses and color preferences in quail. | the effects of stereotaxic radio-frequency lesions on artificially selected approach responses and artificially selected or imprinted red or blue preferences were studied in japanese quail chicks. no effects were found from lesions in anterior preoptic or pretectal areas and only slight attenuation of red preferences by lesions in nucleus rotundus, opticus principalis thalami and geniculatus lateralis pars ventralis. extensive lesions in medial diencephalic and bordering areas of telencephalon, ... | 1995 | 8559774 |
| atherosclerosis in japanese quail males selected for high or low plasma cholesterol. | three lines of japanese quail males, unselected controls (cl), high response (hl), and low response (ll) lines, selected for plasma total cholesterol for 18 generations, were fed all-plant source, nonatherogenic diets to which 0 or .5% cholesterol were added from 6 to 18 wk of age. atherosclerotic scores (as) of aorta of hl birds fed cholesterol were significantly higher than those of ll birds fed cholesterol. scores of ll fed cholesterol were not higher than ll not fed cholesterol. fatty infilt ... | 1995 | 8559737 |
| effects of opioid peptides on the electrical activity of preoptic and hypothalamic neurons in the quail brain. | we have recently isolated three opioid peptides, i.e., met- and leu-enkephalins and met-enkephalin-arg6-phe7, from the avian brain. in the present study, therefore, effects of these endogenous opioid peptides on the electrical activity of preoptic and hypothalamic neurons of the adult male japanese quail were examined using a brain slice preparation. all of the three opioid peptides inhibited the spontaneous firing activities of subsets of neurons in the preoptic area and the paraventricular nuc ... | 1995 | 7595282 |
| isolation and characterization of opioid peptides in the avian brain. | neuropeptides are supposed to be implicated in the regulation of hormone as well as nonhormone dependent behavioral processes in birds. previous immunohistochemical studies have suggested that in birds opioid pentapeptides, met- and leu-enkephalins, may be present in the brain including the regions that regulate sex hormone dependent behaviors, such as reproductive behaviors. to determine biochemically the presence of opioid peptides in the avian brain, a study was conducted to isolate these pep ... | 1995 | 7595281 |
| the circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in japanese quail. ii. multioscillator control. | most biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes in vertebrates show significant daily rhythms. under constant conditions, these rhythms exhibit an endogenous periodicity around 24 h showing that they are driven by an internal circadian clock. in japanese quail, the circadian clock driving activity and body temperature rhythms is functionally organized as a dual-oscillator system. under certain conditions, such as switching birds from light:dark (ld) 12:12 to continuous darkness (dd), t ... | 1995 | 7488761 |
| exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor induces malformed and hyperfused vessels during embryonic neovascularization. | vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a potent and specific endothelial mitogen that is able to induce angiogenesis in vivo [leung, d. w., cachianes, g., kuang, w.-j., goeddel, d. v. & ferrara, n. (1989) science 246 1306-1309]. to determine if vegf also influences the behavior of primordial endothelial cells, we used an in vivo vascular assay based on the de novo formation of vessels. japanese quail embryos injected with nanomolar quantities of the 165-residue form of vegf at the onset of ... | 1995 | 7543999 |
| chronic influence of pyrethroid supermethrin on some reproductive features in japanese quail (140 days long avian reproduction test). | we observed the influence of chronic effect of pyrethroid supermethrin on some reproduction features in japanese quails. they received 3 different doses (p1 10.7 mg.kg-1.day-1; p2 21.4 mg.kg-1.day-1 and p3 35.7 mg.kg-1.day-1) of the tested substance during 20 weeks. the total health status, reproduction of japanese quails, the damage rate (degree) of the organs and tissues as well as the determination of residue in the eggs and muscles of the experimental birds showed that pyrethroid insecticide ... | 1995 | 8535369 |
| dietary cholesterol and fat saturation effects on plasma esterified and unesterified cholesterol in selected lines of japanese quail females. | three lines of japanese quail females, randombred controls (cl), high response (hl), and low response (ll) lines, selected for plasma total cholesterol for 18 generations, were fed all-plant-source, nonatherogenic diets to which 0 or .5% cholesterol were added from 6 to 18 wk of age. in all three lines, plasma cholesterol increased when cholesterol was fed; however, responses were greater in the hl than in the ll line, with cl intermediate. in a second experiment, females of the three lines were ... | 1995 | 7479517 |
| the role of ion transport in the formation of sub-embryonic fluid by the embryo of the japanese quail. | 1. using a modification of the method of new (1955) explanted blastoderms of the japanese quail were cultured for up to 72 h, and the role of ions in the formation of sub-embryonic fluid (sef) investigated. 2. culture media deficient in either sodium or chloride ions reduced the volume of sef secreted by up to a quarter. ionic composition of the fluid was little altered, and sodium was transported against a concentration gradient. 3. amiloride, an inhibitor of na+/h+ exchange, reduced sef produc ... | 1995 | 7583371 |
| [biochemical aspects of the toxic effects of supermethrin in a 140-day avian reproductive test]. | chronic toxic effects of supermethrin on some biochemical parameters (ast, alt, ldh, creatinine and total proteins) were investigated in 84 individuals of japanese quail divided into four groups (control-k, experimental group i-p1, experimental group ii-p2, experimental group iii-p3) in the conditions of 140-day avian reproductive test. the three experimental groups received the tested substance at these doses: p1-10.7 mg/kg l.w./day, p2-21.4 mg/kg l.w./day, p3-35.7 mg/kg l.w./day. the results o ... | 1995 | 7676578 |
| experiential and genetic influences on learnt food aversions in japanese quail selected for high or low levels of fearfulness. | interactions between underlying fearfulness and social factors during the development of learnt food aversions was studied in two lines of japanese quail selected for a long (lti) or short (sti) duration of the tonic immobility response. chicks of the lti line have high inherent levels of fearfulness and chicks of the sti line have low levels of inherent fearfulness. food aversions were conditioned by pairing blue coloration with the presence of jackbean (which has mild post-ingestional toxic ef ... | 1995 | 24897246 |
| [the effect of high gravity on embryonic development in birds]. | an experiment was conducted on japanese quail and hen hatching eggs that had been incubated, and the embryos were subjected to hypergravitation of 10 g for 10 min on days 1 to 9 of embryonic development. both the experimental group and the control contained each 20 hatching eggs every day of the experiment (360 eggs in total). a centrifuge of the diameter 1,300 mm was used to create overload (hypergravitation) at the speed of 118 rotations per min. tab. i shows the layout of the experiment. embr ... | 1995 | 7793016 |
| structural responses of japanese quail intestine to different diets. | japanese quail were fed five diets of different nutrient composition and the structural responses of the intestinal tract were measured. six morphometric variables were recorded. depending on the diet, we found drastic changes in those factors affecting surface dimensions of the mucosa epithelium and the thickness of the muscle layers of the intestinal wall. we performed a principal component analysis to describe the interrelationship among the different variables and the response of the intesti ... | 1995 | 7555690 |
| co-localization of aromatase enzyme and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity in the preoptic area during reproductive aging. | immunoreactive aromatase enzyme (arom-ir) was studied in the preoptic and septal ares of the male japanese quail brain relative to the age-related decline in endocrine and behavioral components of reproduction. additional analyses were conducted to determine if the co-localization of arom-ir and estrogen receptor immunoreactivity (er-ir) in the medial preoptic area change during aging. young, sexually active, male quail (6 months of age) were compared to aged sexually active or inactive, male qu ... | 1995 | 7796096 |
| the second generation of the incubator hardware for studying avian embryogenesis under microgravity conditions. | this paper describes a technical device, incubator 1m, which enables incubation of japanese quail eggs aboard the piloted orbital station. | 1995 | 11540746 |
| ultrastructural characterization of the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus of male japanese quail. | the medial preoptic nucleus is a sexually dimorphic structure whose cytoarchitecture, afferent and efferent connections, and functions have been previously described. no detailed ultrastructural study has, however, been performed to date. here we describe the ultrastructural organization of this important preoptic structure of the male quail. neuronal cell bodies of the medial preoptic nucleus generally show extensive development of protein-synthesis-related organelles (rough endoplasmic reticul ... | 1995 | 7736550 |
| does unusual entrainment of the circadian system under t36h photocycles reduce the critical daylength for photoperiodic induction in japanese quail? | in photoperiodic species, short daylength resonance cycles of modulo t + 1/2 (t = 24 h) behave like long days because they entrain the circadian system so that alternate light pulses coincide with the photoinducible phase (oi) in castrated quail. however, while a long-day response after exposure to a single long daylength is readily detected by a rise in plasma lh (photoinduction), long-term exposure to ld 6:30 is ineffective in this respect. to discover whether this occurs because of unusual en ... | 1995 | 7632977 |
| qce-6: a clonal cell line with cardiac myogenic and endothelial cell potentials. | a clonal cell line (qce-6) sharing many properties with splanchnic mesodermal cells has been derived from 20-methylcholanthrene-treated cardiogenic mesoderm of the japanese quail. qce-6 cells which have been stably maintained for over 4 years in vitro display positive staining with antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin, cingulin, and n-cadherin but were negative for markers of endothelial, fibroblastic, smooth, and skeletal muscle cell lineages. in the present study, we show that addition of retin ... | 1995 | 7875372 |
| effects of sexual conditioning of devaluing the us through satiation. | male japanese quail were conditioned to approach a visual cs that predicted an opportunity to copulate with a female quail. subsequently the subjects were tested in both non-reinforced and reinforced test trials while sexually satiated and sexually deprived. in the satiation condition the sexual us was devalued by allowing the male subjects to copulate repeatedly with female birds just prior to testing. the subjects displayed significantly less approach to the cs when sexually satiated than when ... | 1995 | 7740126 |
| effects of feed restriction on growth and reproduction in randombred and selected lines of japanese quail. | feed restriction (70% of ad libitum consumption) was carried out from 1 d after hatching until 44 d in a randombred quail line and until 28 d in a quail line selected for high 4-wk bw. body weights of restricted quail were significantly lower than ad libitum controls during restriction. two weeks after restriction ended, however, bw were no longer different. mortalities were twice as high under restriction. hatchability of eggs was not affected by restriction, but restricted quail of the selecte ... | 1995 | 7724465 |
| divergent selection for growth in japanese quail under split and complete nutritional environments. 8. progress from generations 18 through 30 following change of selection criterion. | following 17 generations of divergent selection for 4-wk bw under split- (sd) and complete- (cd) diet environments, two sublines were established from high (h-sd and h-cd) bw lines. subline h-sdg derived from the h-sd line was selected for bw gain from 2 to 4 wk under the sd environment, whereas subline h-cdg derived from the h-cd line was similarly selected under the cd environment. these two sublines were maintained and reproduced simultaneously with h-sd, l-sd, h-cd, l-cd lines from generatio ... | 1995 | 7724447 |
| slowing of contractile properties in quail skeletal muscle with aging. | the effect of aging on muscle contractile function was examined in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) muscle of japanese quails aged 8 weeks (young adults), 26 weeks, 60 weeks, or 90 weeks (old birds). in vitro contractile measures of the ald were made at 25 degrees c (stimulus pulse = 0.1 ms). twitch contraction time in 90-week-old muscles was significantly greater than 8 to 26-week-old muscles (150 +/- 8 ms vs 168 +/- 18 ms). similarly, one-half relaxation time of the twitch was increased in ... | 1995 | 7814776 |
| hypertrophy and proliferation of skeletal muscle fibers from aged quail. | the purpose of this study was to determined whether fibers in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) muscle from aged japanese quail have decreased hypertrophic or proliferative responses to 30 days of stretch overload compared with fibers from adult birds. two groups of quail were studied, 12-wk-old quail (adult; n = 16) and 90-wk-old quail (aged; n = 16). the left wing of each bird was overloaded with a weight corresponding to 10% of the bird's body weight, and the right wing served as the intra- ... | 1995 | 7713826 |
| acrylamide-induced peripheral neuropathy in normal and neurofilament-deficient japanese quails. | morphological effects of acrylamide (ac) on the peripheral nerves in normal and neurofilament (nf)-deficient (quv) japanese quails were investigated. ac (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every other day. after the birds manifested neurological signs, they were necropsied (after 10 approximately 21 ac injections) and the sciatic and tibial nerves were examined. in both normal and quv qualis, ac produced axonopathy with a distal-proximal progression. in ac-intoxicated normal quails, the n ... | 1995 | 7709725 |
| complex study of the physiological role of cadmium. ii. effect of cadmium load on the cadmium content of eggs. | the possibility of "cadmium (cd) contamination" of eggs and the dynamics of cd accumulation were studied. a total of 40 (4 x 10) japanese quails weighing 155-200 g, being at the middle phase of egg production and kept on batteries in a climatized animal house were used. the birds were fed a standard quail layer diet and drank tap-water ad libitum. with the exception of the control group (cd-0), the diet of the other three groups was supplemented with cd sulphate homogeneously mixed in the diet s ... | 1995 | 7625292 |
| the response of serum and hepatic lipids and the aortic wall to different levels of dietary cholesterol: a comparative study between hyperlipidemia-and- atherosclerosis-prone quail and commercially available quail. | a hyperlipidemia-and-atherosclerosis-prone (lap) quail model was developed by dietary cholesterol feeding through genetic selection of commercially available (ca) japanese quail. the response of serum lipids and the aortic wall to dietary cholesterol feeding was compared in ca and lap quails. ten groups were fed a combination diet with different levels of cholesterol and corn oil for 12 weeks. in ca quail, dietary feeding of cholesterol only failed to induce significant hypercholesterolemia or a ... | 1995 | 7610456 |
| formulation of a behavior system for sexual conditioning. | empirical and conceptual developments that led to the formulation of a behavior system for the sexual conditioning of male japanese quail are described. initial efforts concentrated on conditioning with localized conditioned stimuli and on identifying behavioral indices of conditioning. later, learning about species-typical cues and about contextual cues was also explored, and it became evident that different types of cues control different aspects of sexual behavior. the results were used to fo ... | 1994 | 24203550 |
| animal model analysis of genetic (co)variances for growth traits in japanese quail. | records of 1,530 japanese quail were used to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations based on a derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood (reml) method with an animal model and anova. the animal model included fixed effects of hatch and sex, random effects of additive genetic value of the bird, and common environmental effect of the dam. heritabilities estimated from reml for body weights at hatch, 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of age were .38, .12, .31, .12, and .44, respectively. heritabili ... | 1994 | 7877938 |
| calcium uptake by chorioallantoic membrane: effects of vitamins d and k. | the chorioallantoic membrane (cam) of birds is an epithelial tissue that actively transports large amounts of ca during embryonic development. in this study the effect of vitamins d and k on ca uptake by the cam was studied. four dietary treatments were used to produce eggs that are the following: deficient in vitamins d and k (-d/-k), sufficient in both (+d/+k), or deficient in one and sufficient in the other (-d/+k or +d/-k). vitamin d-deficient (-d) japanese quail embryos (from hens fed 1,25- ... | 1994 | 7810624 |
| the circadian rhythm of thermoregulation in japanese quail. i. role of the eyes and pineal. | japanese quail exhibit a robust circadian rhythm in body temperature. this rhythm is readily entrainable by 24 h light-dark (ld) cycles and persists under constant conditions. because both the pineal organ and the eyes have been implicated as major components of the circadian system of birds, the role of these organs in generating the rhythm of body temperature was investigated. pinealectomy, when performed alone, had little effect on the body temperature rhythm of quail either under ld or under ... | 1994 | 7965924 |
| growth variability in avian embryos as a source of experimental error. | to reduce variability in an embryonic population to be used in experiments with electromagnetic fields, 820 japanese quail eggs (41 experiments, 20 eggs per experiment) were incubated to analyze different possible inputs of experimental variance. eggs came from a randombred progenitor population obtained from a poultry farm and selectively maintained. the results show that growth variability is significantly higher in some progenies, which show bimodal distributions; this is evidence of the exis ... | 2008 | 7881203 |
| receptor binding in japanese quail selected for long or short tonic immobility. | japanese quail, selectively bred for long (lti) and short (sti) tonic immobility (ti) responses, are thought to represent high and low fear groups, respectively. to study the neurochemical mechanisms underlying the behavioral distinctions, binding parameters were determined at the benzodiazepine, 5-ht1a, 5-ht3, alpha 2, and opioid receptor sites in the forebrains of the two lines. no differences were found in 5-ht1a, 5-ht3, alpha 2, mu- or kappa-opioid receptor binding between the lines. the kd ... | 1994 | 7862716 |
| testosterone levels and the free running rhythm of feeding activity in japanese quail in darkness. | castrated male japanese quail were reared in total darkness for 7 months. in order to mimic changes in concentration of plasma testosterone during sexual development, the birds were implanted on three occasions with increasing numbers of testosterone-filled capsules. the feeding activity of each bird was recorded and concentrations of plasma testosterone were measured before and after capsules were implanted. the concentration of testosterone was around 0.05 ng/ml and the period of the free runn ... | 1994 | 7851715 |
| pharmacokinetics of apramycin in japanese quails. | | 1994 | 7853466 |
| pharmacokinetics of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim administered intravenously and orally to japanese quails. | the pharmacokinetic behaviour of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim was studied after combined intravenous (i.v.) administration at doses of 20 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively, and after oral administration at doses of 50 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg. the serum concentration versus time data after i.v. administration were best described by the biexponential equations c = 34.77.e-2.655.t + 39.03.e-0.241.t for sulphamethoxazole and c = 3.29.e-3.878.t + 0.83.e-0.306.t for trimethoprim. mean biological half-l ... | 1994 | 7853455 |
| relationship between shell porosity, shell thickness, egg weight loss, and embryonic development in japanese quail eggs. | japanese quail eggs that hatched (h) or pipped (pip) exhibited less weight loss through 15 d of incubation than did eggs that died late (ld), whereas eggs containing early dead (ed) embryos exhibited the greatest weight loss. the pore concentration at the large end of each egg was greatest in h eggs when compared with all other types. the pore concentration at the equator was greatest in h eggs and least in the eggs of the ed embryos. all other egg types lay statistically between these two types ... | 1994 | 7816736 |
| restraint, fear, and distress in japanese quail genetically selected for long or short tonic immobility reactions. | japanese quail genetically selected for long (lti) rather than short (sti) tonic immobility reactions showed more pronounced overt fear-responses in a number of putatively frightening situations. greater fear has also been found in japanese quail selected, in an independent program, for exaggerated (hs, high stress) rather than reduced (ls, low stress) plasma corticosterone response to brief mechanical restraint. the present study examined tonic immobility (ti) and adrenocortical responses in ma ... | 1994 | 7972404 |
| centrifugal inputs enhance responses of retinal ganglion cells in the japanese quail without changing their spatial coding properties. | centrifugal fibers originating in the midbrain innervate the avian retina. stimulation of the centrifugal fibers enhances the responses of ganglion cells in the retinas of both chick and pigeon. the enhanced responses have been attributed to disinhibition, a reduction of the inhibitory surround component of the receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells. we found that stimulation of the centrifugal fibers in japanese quail enhances the responses of retinal ganglion cells to drifting sine-wave gr ... | 1994 | 7941415 |
| tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase accumulated in the matrix of developing medullary bone induced by estrogen treatment of male japanese quail. | tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (trap) in medullary bone matrix and bone cells was histochemically examined employing estrogen-induced medullary bone of male japanese quail. within 2 days after estrogen administration, medullary bone matrix was identified and the matrix and osteoblasts were negative for trap activity. osteoclasts showing trap activity were occasionally seen. by 4 days, the projection of medullary bone trabeculae was seen and trap became positive in the deeper part of the bon ... | 1994 | 7976497 |
| effect of reserpine pretreatment on avian erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activation by isoproterenol. | we studied the action of beta-adrenergic agonists on japanese quail erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (ca) in vitro. earlier we had reported that epinephrine increased ca activity by 14%; the present study focused on an attempt to increase the size of this response. washed erythrocytes from reserpine-treated (1 mg/kg daily i.m. for 3 days) and control birds were incubated for 40 min in the presence of isoproterenol 10(-6) mol/l. the activity of ca expressed as wilbur-anderson units/mg hemoglobin wa ... | 1994 | 7972320 |
| the monoamine content of the brain in the neurofilament-deficient quail, (the quiver quail). | changes in neurotransmission are known to take place in a variety of conditions, such as parkinson's disease. a neurofilament-deficient mutant of the japanese quail, named the quiver quail, exhibits generalized quivering as a clinical sign. the content of monoamines (noradrenaline (na), dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine) and the uptake and release of l-[3h]na were measured in brain of this bird. in quiver, the na content in neostriatum and thalamus, and the 5-hydroxytryptamine content in neostria ... | 1994 | 7820106 |
| comparison of circadian oscillation of melatonin release in pineal cells of house sparrow, pigeon and japanese quail, using cell perfusion systems. | we compared the circadian oscillation of melatonin release from cultured pineal cells in japanese quail, pigeon and house sparrow, to determine whether the pineal gland of these species retains the circadian oscillator function in vitro. after dissociated pineal cells have been cultured for 4 days under 12 h: 12 h light-dark (ld) cycle, they were perfused at a flow rate of 0.25 ml/h for 6-7 days under ld or constant darkness (dd). melatonin release increased during the dark period and low during ... | 1994 | 7922568 |
| alterations in histones of the liver and oviduct of japanese quail during aging. | age-related changes occur in histones of the liver and oviduct of the female quail. in the liver an extra histone band, named hcx, between h2a and h4, is observed that increases with age. in the oviduct, a large complex of histones is seen which is tissue-specific. this complex declines with increasing age. the changes in the histones of the oviduct of adult and old birds in response to estradiol and progesterone are age-related. in the adult, the histone-complex increases after administration o ... | 1994 | 7845393 |
| afferent and efferent connections of the sexually dimorphic medial preoptic nucleus of the male quail revealed by in vitro transport of dii. | the medial preoptic nucleus of the japanese quail is a testosterone-sensitive structure that is involved in the control of male copulatory behavior. the full understanding of the role played by this nucleus in the control of reproduction requires the identification of its afferent and efferent connections. in order to identify neural circuits involved in the control of the medial preoptic nucleus, we used the lipophilic fluorescent tracer dii implanted in aldheyde-fixed tissue. different strateg ... | 1994 | 8062340 |
| acrylamide-induced neurotoxicity in the central nervous system of japanese quails. comparative studies of normal and neurofilament-deficient quails. | acrylamide (ac) neurotoxicity in the central nervous system (cns) in normal and neurofilament (nf)-deficient mutant (quv) japanese quails was investigated. acrylamide (100 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally every other day. after the birds manifested neurological signs, they were necropsied (after 10-30 ac injections) and examined morphologically. all of the ac-intoxicated normal quails showed distal, retrograde nerve fiber degeneration associated with neurofilamentous axonal swellings in the ... | 1994 | 8176411 |
| topographical distribution of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase in the brain of the japanese quail. | the distribution of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph)-diaphorase activity was histochemically investigated in the japanese quail brain. this enzyme is now considered responsible for the synthesis of nitric oxide, a novel neural messenger whose distribution has not been described in the avian brain until now. the histochemical technique provides a simple and reliable method for staining selected populations of neurons throughout the avian brain. in the telencephalon seve ... | 1994 | 8207130 |
| a comparison of [125i]iodomelatonin binding sites in testes and brains of heavy meat-type japanese quail with a randombred strain. | | 2013 | 8182279 |
| antioxidant status of japanese quail: comparison of atherosclerosis-susceptible and -resistant strains. | to compare levels of antioxidant components of blood and aortic tissue from two strains of japanese quail showing high and low susceptibilities to atherosclerosis and receiving either control or cholesterol-enriched diets. | 1994 | 8143223 |
| hematology and serum biochemistry of japanese quail fed dietary tri-n-butyltin oxide during reproduction. | during a subchronic toxicity and reproduction study with tri-n-butyltin oxide (tbto) concentrations of 0, 24, 60, and 150 mg/kg diet in japanese quail, preliminary data on hematology and serum biochemistry were obtained. the absence of serious effects in blood parameters in both adult quail and developing chicks are discussed in view of the adverse effects of tbto on reproduction. | 1994 | 8311513 |
| contractile properties of aged avian muscle after stretch-overload. | the effects of ageing on muscle contractile adaptations to stretch-overload was examined in the anterior latissimus dorsi (ald) muscle of 12 old (90 weeks of age) and 12 young adult (10 weeks of age) japanese quails. a weight corresponding to 12% of the birds' body weight was attached to one wing for 30 days, while the contralateral wing served as the intra-animal control. in vitro contractile measurements were made at 25 degrees c by indirect stimulation of the ald by its nerve (pulse 0.2 ms). ... | 1994 | 8051957 |
| atherosclerotic lesion development in hypercholesterolemic japanese quail following probucol treatment: a biochemical and morphologic evaluation. | probucol, a cholesterol-lowering agent which possesses antioxidant properties, was evaluated in hypercholesterolemic japanese quail in order to assess the significance of antioxidant therapy on the development of atherosclerosis. forty quail were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet containing 0, 100, 200 or 500 mg kg-1 probucol for 2 months. at necropsy, plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein distribution were unchanged despite plasma probucol levels of 50 to 59 micrograms ml-1. the ch ... | 2015 | 8202444 |
| toxic effects of cyclophosphamide and methylnitrosourea in japanese quail embryos depend on the route of administration. | we studied the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide and methyl-n-nitrosourea in cultured quail embryos when injected into the albumen and the subembryonic liquid, respectively. the data indicate that both agents display a greater toxicity when given into the subembryonic liquid instead of the albumen. this differential toxicity was demonstrated by means of the survival rate, developmental parameters like growth rate and developmental stages, and excreted nucleosides and uric acid. it is reasonable ... | 2013 | 8186625 |
| [the effect of weightlessness on embryonic development of striated muscles in japanese quail]. | in the conditions of gravitationless state, the development of skeletal muscles and myocardium was identical in experimental, synchronous and laboratory control. there were not larger differences between the investigated groups of animals. myofibrils were in the stage of myofibrillogenesis. they were mostly disarrayed, but they already formed sarcomeres, without marked boundaries between i and a zones. sarcoplasm contained large amounts of ribosomes and polyribosomes. mitochondria were intensive ... | 1994 | 8184522 |
| the effects of sex steroid hormones on the pigment accumulation in the shell gland of japanese quail. | effects of sex steroid hormones on the accumulation of the superficial pigment of the eggshell in the quail shell gland were investigated. in experiment 1, 10 or 20 mg/100 g bw of aminoglutethimide (ag) was injected s.c. into laying quail hens 10 h before the expected ovulation. thirty percent of the hens that received 10 mg/100 g bw and 87% of the hens that received 20 mg/100 g bw failed to ovulate. they had significantly (p < .01) lower concentrations of preovulatory plasma progesterone (p) th ... | 1994 | 8165162 |
| induction of normal cardiovascular development in the vitamin a-deprived quail embryo by natural retinoids. | the biological activity of various natural retinoids and the time "window" when vitamin a activity is required for normal cardiovascular development were examined in vitamin a-deprived japanese quail embryos. the administration of 1 microgram of retinol at the beginning of incubation resulted in normal cardiovascular development in 97% of embryos; retinoic acid was toxic at this dose level. treatment of embryos with 0.1 microgram of all-trans-retinol or 13-cis-retinoic acid at the beginning of i ... | 1993 | 8253275 |
| [the effect of butylhydroxyanisole, an antioxidant, on experimental atherosclerosis in japanese quail]. | the present paper aimed to examine a possible influence of the antioxidant butylhydroxyanisole (bha) on the extent of atherosclerotic changes in coronary arterioles, in arcus aortae, and on the influencing of the extent of myocardial necroses. the model of atherosclerosis was worked out by administering 1% cholesterol diet to japanese quails for the period of 40 days. the above-mentioned changes were examined on histological preparations and they were evaluated morphometrically. quantification a ... | 1993 | 8111863 |
| divergent selection for growth in japanese quail under split and complete nutritional environments. 7. heterosis and combining ability among diallel crosses following twenty-seven generations of selection. | growth patterns of quail lines divergently selected for 4-wk bw under split and complete nutrition environments were investigated utilizing a diallel mating scheme. the design, involving 16 mating combinations, allowed investigation of heterotic effects, reciprocal cross effects, and combining ability. progeny from generation 27 breeders were evaluated in two hatches under both selection diets. heterosis for hatch weight was essentially zero; however, percentage heterosis from high x high crosse ... | 1993 | 8378218 |
| in vitro study of the contractility of the wall of the preovulatory follicle in the japanese quail. | in the present study, we examined in vitro the potassium-induced contractions of isolated parts of the wall of the quail preovulatory follicle through use of an electromagnetic force-length transducer system. we studied longitudinal and transverse strips of the whole wall, of the theca, and of the outer layer (tunica albuginea and surface epithelium). it was observed that force development and shortening of strips of the whole wall and those of the theca are similar. statistical analysis of maxi ... | 1993 | 8373961 |
| effects of crf on isolated japanese quails selected for fearfulness and for sociality. | the effects of crf on the behavior and plasma corticosterone levels of isolated japanese quail chicks were determined. doses of 15, 30, and 45 micrograms/kg of crf reduced the number of distress vocalizations emitted during isolation in chicks of a control line. the behavioral responses to a 15 micrograms/kg dose of crf in lines selected either for high (hsr) or low (lsr) level of sociality or for low (sti) or high (lti) fearfulness were compared. crf suppressed vocalizations and increased the n ... | 1993 | 8327589 |
| survival of vitamin d-deficient embryos: time and choice of cholecalciferol or its metabolites for treatment in ovo. | vitamin d-deficient (-d) japanese quail embryos [from hens fed 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(oh)2d3)] die at day 15 of incubation from severe calcium deficiency. single doses of 125 ng cholecalciferol, 600 ng 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25-(oh)2d3], or 100 ng 1,25-(oh)2d3 were found to increase hatchability when injected into eggs prior to incubation. cholecalciferol could be used from 125 to 1,250 ng per egg with no detrimental effects on hatchability, whereas single doses of 1,25 ... | 1993 | 8391690 |
| short-latency stressor effects on tonic immobility fear reactions of japanese quail divergently selected for adrenocortical responsiveness to immobilization. | despite evidence for a positive association between adrenocortical activation and fearfulness, the effects of chronic (12 to 20 h) exposure to stressful stimulation on the fear reactions of japanese quail genetically selected for high (hs) or low (ls) plasma corticosterone response to immobilization stress are not straightforward. the present study examined tonic immobility fear responses in quail of both lines that, immediately prior to testing, either had been allowed to remain undisturbed or ... | 1993 | 8321818 |
| the influence of dietary protein level on body weight of japanese quail lines selected under high- and low-protein diets. | two experiments were conducted to determine the protein requirement of quail lines (p and t) following selection for increased 4-wk bw under normal-protein (28% cp) and low-protein (20% cp) diets, respectively. quail progeny from generation 39 breeders were fed diets containing 18, 21, 24, and 27% cp from 0 to 5 wk of age in experiment 1, whereas in experiment 2, quail progeny from generation 79 breeders were fed diets containing 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30% cp from 0 to 4 wk of age. quail from the u ... | 1993 | 8321811 |
| carcass composition, feed intake, and feed efficiency following long-term selection for four-week body weight in japanese quail. | a study was conducted to determine bw, feed intake, feed efficiency, and carcass composition changes following 51 generations of selection for high 4-wk bw in japanese quail. quail lines utilized were the p line selected for high 4-wk bw on a normal 28% cp diet and the unselected base population (c line) from which the p line originated. body weight, feed intake, and feed efficiency data were collected daily from 1 to 28 days, whereas percentage carcass water, ash, protein, and total lipid data ... | 1993 | 8321810 |
| target cells for the isthmo-optic fibers in the retina of the japanese quail. | the isthmo-optic nucleus (ion) is the major origin of the centrifugal fibers projecting to the avian retina. the retinopetal fibers from the ion were labeled with biocytin and examined light- and electron-microscopically in the japanese quail. the terminals were seen on cell bodies in the inner part of the inner nuclear layer. these neurons innervated with the isthmo-optic fibers appear to constitute a separate population different from the 'ordinary' amacrine cells. | 1993 | 8361645 |
| the prevalence and retention of lead pellets in japanese quail. | thirty-six japanese quail (18 control birds, 18 lead-dosed birds) were used. the 18 quail were dosed with #4 lead weight that were orally inserted into the proventriculus. delta-aminolevulunic acid dehydrase (alad) activity in erythrocytes in the dosed quail decreased 90% (p < 0.01) after one week as compared with the undosed quail. this inhibition of alad activity in erythrocytes indicates lead exposure. radiographics were obtained at 0, 1, 4, 9, 22, and 32 days. the lead pellets remained in th ... | 1993 | 8507102 |
| the effect of different levels of dietary lysine on growth and development of a random-bred population of japanese quail (r1) and a subline of r1 selected for increased body weight (hw). | 1. in two experiments, the dietary lysine concentration which supported maximal gain through 14 days of age in a subline of japanese quail selected for 4-week body weight (hw) was higher than that needed by the random-bred population (r1) from which it was initially developed. 2. the lysine concentrations needed to minimize feather depigmentation and maximize breast and leg muscle development were higher in hw quail than in r1 quail. | 1993 | 8099870 |
| differential effects of short photoperiod on 2-[125i]iodomelatonin binding in the testis and brain of quail. | the affinities and densities of 2-[125i]iodomelatonin binding sites in the brains and gonads of male japanese quail following short photoperiod treatment were studied. at 6 weeks old, control quail were placed under a 14 hour light/10 hour dark photo-stimulatory cycle and experimental quail were housed under a 7 hour light/17 hour dark photo-inhibitory lighting regime. eighteen weeks after photic manipulation, the birds were killed at mid-light. the photo-inhibited quail had very small testes. b ... | 2013 | 8004153 |