| [adequate selection of antigens for serologic diagnostics of experimental melioidosis]. | sera of burkholderia pseudomallei-infected golden hamsters, white mice, guinea pigs and white rats were studied. immunochemical analysis revealed presence of antibodies against antigens 2, 3, 6, d, and g with significant predominance of antibodies to antigens 6 and d. antigen d was detected irrespectively to strain used for experimental infection and experimental animal species. antibodies to antigen 6 were detected only when strains belonging to asian serovar, but not to australian serovar, wer ... | 2007 | 17523479 |
| description, etiology, and prevention of an outbreak of diffuse lamellar keratitis after lasik. | to describe an outbreak of diffuse lamellar keratitis (dlk) and provide a hypothesis about the etiology. | 2007 | 17523510 |
| role of solution chemistry and ion valence on the adhesion kinetics of groundwater and marine bacteria. | the role of solution chemistry on bacterial adhesion has been investigated using a radial stagnation point flow (rspf) system. this experimental system utilized an optical microscope and an image-capturing device to directly observe the deposition kinetics of a groundwater bacterium, burkholderia cepacia g4g, and a marine bacterium, halomonas pacifica g. experiments were carried out under well-controlled hydrodynamic and solution chemistry conditions, allowing for the sensitivity of bacterial ad ... | 2007 | 17523680 |
| characterization of biphenyl dioxygenase of pandoraea pnomenusa b-356 as a potent polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading enzyme. | biphenyl dioxygenase (bpdo) catalyzes the aerobic transformation of biphenyl and various polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). in three different assays, bpdo(b356) from pandoraea pnomenusa b-356 was a more potent pcb-degrading enzyme than bpdo(lb400) from burkholderia xenovorans lb400 (75% amino acid sequence identity), transforming nine congeners in the following order of preference: 2,3',4-trichloro approximately 2,3,4'-trichloro > 3,3'-dichloro > 2,4,4'-trichloro > 4,4'-dichloro approximately 2, ... | 2007 | 17526697 |
| monophyly of noda and nifh genes across texan and costa rican populations of cupriavidus nodule symbionts. | noda and nifh phylogenies for cupriavidus nodule bacteria from native legumes in texas and costa rica grouped all strains into a single clade nested among neotropical burkholderia strains. thus, cupriavidus symbiotic genes were not acquired independently in different regions and are derived from other betaproteobacteria rather than from alpha-rhizobial donors. | 2007 | 17526782 |
| characterization of two distinct phospholipase c enzymes from burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a serious bacterial pathogen that can cause a lethal infection in humans known as melioidosis. in this study two of its phospholipase c (plc) enzymes (plc-1 and plc-2) were characterized. starting with a virulent strain, two single mutants were constructed, each with one plc gene inactivated, and one double mutant with both plc genes inactivated. the single plc mutants exhibited decreased extracellular plc activity in comparison to the wild-type strain, thereby demon ... | 2007 | 17526847 |
| blue-white selection of regulatory genes that affect the expression of dehalogenase iva of burkholderia cepacia mba4. | we have developed a method for rapid screening of genes that affected the expression of dehalogenase iva of burkholderia cepacia mba4. the promoter region of the dehalogenase gene was used to drive the expression of a beta-galactosidase gene. a plasmid containing this reporter was first electroporated into mba4, and a tn5 containing suicidal plasmid was introduced subsequently. the use of electroporation was necessary because escherichia coli mediated transconjugation was ineffective in plasmid- ... | 2007 | 17530244 |
| biodegradation of microcystins by aquatic burkholderia sp. from a south brazilian coastal lagoon. | biological degradation of cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystins in estuarine and coastal water samples from the patos lagoon estuarine system, a coastal lagoon situated at the southernmost region of brazil, was observed. samples of natural surface water were spiked with purified and semi-purified microcystins (mc-lr and [d-leu(1)]mc-lr) and their concentrations were monitored by hplc analysis. after 15 days, the toxins were no longer detectable and after 43 days less than 90% of the initial co ... | 2008 | 17531317 |
| pilus-mediated epithelial cell death in response to infection with burkholderia cenocepacia. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause serious infections in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. the et12 lineage appears particularly virulent in cf; however, its pathogenesis is poorly understood and may be associated with host response. to help characterize this response, the ability of b. cenocepacia to induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in an epithelial cell model was examined. upon infection with b. cenocepacia strain k56-2, a549 human lung epithelial cells underwen ... | 2007 | 17537663 |
| adhesion characteristics of two burkholderia cepacia strains examined using colloid probe microscopy and gradient force analysis. | colloid probe atomic force microscopy (cp-afm) was used to investigate two strains of burkholderia cepacia in order to determine what molecular scale characteristics of strain env435 make it less adhesive to surfaces than the parent strain, g4. cp-afm approach curves analyzed using a gradient force method showed that in a high ionic strength solution (is=100 mm, debye length=1 nm), the colloid probe was attracted to the surface of strain g4 at a distance of approximately 30 nm, but it was repell ... | 2007 | 17543507 |
| lipolytic activity of suspended and membrane immobilized lipase originating from indigenous burkholderia sp. c20. | in this work, a simple, inexpensive, and efficient method of preparing immobilized lipase is presented. the lipase originating from a newly isolated indigenous strain burkholderia sp. c20 was immobilized onto cellulose nitrate (cn) membrane via filtration. the cn-immobilized lipase was able to retain 60% of its original activity after repeated uses for nine times. the thermal stability of the lipase was also slightly improved after immobilization. the optimal reaction conditions of cn-lipase wer ... | 2008 | 17543520 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel haloacid permease from burkholderia cepacia mba4. | burkholderia cepacia mba4 is a bacterium that can utilize 2-haloacids as carbon and energy sources for growth. it has been proposed that dehalogenase-associated permease mediates the uptake of haloacid. in this paper, we report the first cloning and characterization of such a haloacid permease. the structural gene, designated deh4p, was found 353 bases downstream of the dehalogenase gene deh4a. quantitative analysis of the expression of deh4p showed that it was induced by monochloroacetate (mca) ... | 2007 | 17545323 |
| the dosage of small volumes for chromatographic quantifications using a drop-on-demand dispenser system. | a commercially available piezo-driven drop-on-demand dispenser was tested for its suitability for the preparation of analytical calibration standards and in a standard addition approach prior to quantitative ultra performance liquid chromatography (uplc) analysis of homoserines. the reproducibility of the drop-on-demand dosing system was tested and the verification of the droplet volume was performed by preparing a series of 1.0 mg/l caffeine standard solutions from a 1,000.0 mg/l stock solution ... | 2007 | 17549459 |
| endosymbiosis: the evil within. | a recent study has revealed a novel feature of the symbiosis between a bacterium and a fungal pathogen. in addition to producing a pathogenic toxin, the endosymbiont of the rice pathogen rhizopus microsporus controls the ability of the fungus to form sporangia and spores. | 2007 | 17550764 |
| environmental burkholderia cepacia complex isolates in human infections. | members of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc), found in many environments, are associated with clinical infections. examining diverse species and strains from different environments with multilocus sequence typing, we identified > 20% of 381 clinical isolates as indistinguishable from those in the environment. this finding links the natural environment with the emergence of many bcc infections. | 2007 | 17552100 |
| melioidosis outbreak after typhoon, southern taiwan. | from july through september 2005, shortly after a typhoon, 40 cases of burkholderia pseudomallei infection (melioidosis) were identified in southern taiwan. two genotypes that had been present in 2000 were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. such a case cluster confirms that melioidosis is endemic to taiwan. | 2007 | 17553230 |
| type vi secretion is a major virulence determinant in burkholderia mallei. | burkholderia mallei is a host-adapted pathogen and a category b biothreat agent. although the b. mallei virag two-component regulatory system is required for virulence in hamsters, the virulence genes it regulates are unknown. here we show with expression profiling that overexpression of virag resulted in transcriptional activation of approximately 60 genes, including some involved in capsule production, actin-based intracellular motility, and type vi secretion (t6s). the 15 genes encoding the m ... | 2007 | 17555434 |
| involvement of a quorum-sensing-regulated lipase secreted by a clinical isolate of burkholderia glumae in severe disease symptoms in rice. | burkholderia glumae is an emerging rice pathogen in several areas around the world. closely related burkholderia species are important opportunistic human pathogens for specific groups of patients, such as patients with cystic fibrosis and patients with chronic granulomatous disease. here we report that the first clinical isolate of b. glumae, strain au6208, has retained its capability to be very pathogenic to rice. as previously reported for rice isolate b. glumae bgr1 (and also for the clinica ... | 2007 | 17557855 |
| polymer selection for biphenyl degradation in a solid-liquid two-phase partitioning bioreactor. | the commercially available thermoplastic polymer hytrel was selected as the delivery phase for the hydrophobic model compound biphenyl in a solid-liquid two-phase partitioning bioreactor (tppb), and 2.9 g biphenyl could successfully be degraded in 1-l tppbs by a pure culture of the biphenyl-degrading bacterium burkholderia xenovorans lb400 in 50 h and by a mixed microbial consortium isolated from contaminated soil in 45 h. tppbs consist of an aqueous cell-containing phase and an immiscible secon ... | 2007 | 17559230 |
| characterization of two components of the 2-naphthoate monooxygenase system from burkholderia sp. strain jt1500. | 2-naphthoate monooxygenase, a two-protein system, encoded by the nmoa and nmob genes, was heterologously overexpressed in escherichia coli. the proteins used for functional characterization were purified to over 90% homogeneity by affinity chromatography. the oxidative component enmoa (47.9 kda) lacked substrate catalysis capability on its own, and the reductive component enmob (33.4 kda) and its truncated derivate enmob(t) (25 kda) possessed nearly identical independent flavin reductase activit ... | 2007 | 17559398 |
| the hydrolysis of unsubstituted n-acylhomoserine lactones to their homoserine metabolites. analytical approaches using ultra performance liquid chromatography. | derivatives of n-acylhomoserine lactones (hsls) with different alkanoyl side chains occur as quorum or diffusion sensing molecules in gram-negative bacteria and their quantitative chemical analysis became important as a possible way to follow regulation processes of their pathogenicity towards plants and animals. the lactone-ring of hsls is chemically and biologically not stable: the corresponding serines can be formed in alkaline conditions and these may presumably behave inactive for the biolo ... | 2007 | 17560587 |
| emerging and unusual gram-negative infections in cystic fibrosis. | people with cystic fibrosis (cf) have chronic airway infection and frequent exposure to antibiotics, which often leads to the emergence of resistant organisms. in addition to the development of multiresistance in common cf pathogens such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, several newer, inherently resistant gram-negative species are becoming more common, including burkholderia cepacia complex, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, achromobacter (alcaligenes) xylosoxidans, certain ralstonia species, and those wi ... | 2007 | 17562501 |
| development of protective immunity in a murine model of melioidosis is influenced by the source of burkholderia pseudomallei antigens. | melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. the current study was carried out to determine the mechanisms involved in the development of protective immunity in a murine model of melioidosis. following intravenous infection with b. pseudomallei, both c57bl/6 and balb/c mice demonstrated delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and lymphocyte proliferation towards b. pseudomallei antigens, indicating the generation of b. pseudomallei-specific lymph ... | 2007 | 17563759 |
| [a japanese case of melioidosis presenting as multiple organ lesions accompanied by sepsis and disseminated intravascular coagulation, after a visit to thailand]. | a 65-year-old man with diabetes mellitus reporting fever and urination disturbance on a flight from bangkok back to japan in july 2003 was admitted elsewhere for acute prostatitis. despite intravenous antibiotics, his condition deteriorated. on admission to our hospital, he suffered from respiratory failure, with laboratory data showing disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic). computed tomography (ct) shows infiltrative and nodular shadows in both lung fields and low-density areas in the le ... | 2007 | 17564119 |
| investigating burkholderia cepacia complex populations recovered from italian maize rhizosphere by multilocus sequence typing. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) comprises at least nine closely related species of abundant environmental microorganisms. some of these species are highly spread in the rhizosphere of several crop plants, particularly of maize; additionally, as opportunistic pathogens, strains of the bcc are capable of colonizing humans. we have developed and validated a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for the bcc. although widely applied to understand the epidemiology of bacterial pathogens, mls ... | 2007 | 17564598 |
| identification of genes involved in the biosynthesis of the cytotoxic compound glidobactin from a soil bacterium. | glidobactins (syn. cepafungins) are a family of structurally related cytotoxic compounds that were isolated from the soil bacterial strain k481-b101 (atcc 53080; dsm 7029) originally assigned to polyangium brachysporum and, independently, from an undefined species related to burkholderia cepacia. glidobactins are acylated tripeptide derivatives that contain a 12-membered ring structure consisting of the two unique non-proteinogenic amino acids erythro-4-hydroxy-l-lysine and 4(s)-amino-2(e)-pente ... | 2007 | 17564599 |
| fate of a burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide mutant in the mouse macrophage cell line raw 264.7: possible role for the o-antigenic polysaccharide moiety of lipopolysaccharide in internalization and intracellular survival. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular gram-negative bacterium that can survive and multiply inside macrophages. one of the mechanisms by which b. pseudomallei escapes macrophage killing is by interfering with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos). however, the bacterial components that modulate antimicrobial activity of the macrophage have not been fully elucidated. in the present study, we demonstrated that b. pseudomallei strain srm117, a lipopolysaccharid ... | 2007 | 17576760 |
| [agriculture microbiology and microbe interaction with plants]. | about the characterization and distribution of novel nitrogen-fixing burkholderia species associated with maize and other plants and their potential use on the plant growth was presented in this symposium. the symposium included studies directed to the revegetation of eroded areas by using plant growth promoting rhizo-bacteria and mycorrizal fungi associated with desert plants, as well as studies related with the resistance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to heavy metals associated with the envi ... | 2006 | 17578087 |
| isolated liver abscesses in melioidosis. | melioidosis is a suppurative chronic infection caused by a gramnegative bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. we report two patients who presented with isolated liver abscesses caused by this pathogen. both patients presented with high-grade fever and abdominal pain. on examination they were toxic and had tender hepatomegaly. investigations showed leucocytosis and a shift to the left. early diagnosis of melioidosis was made by culture and growth of burkholderia pseudomallei from aspirated pus fr ... | 2007 | 17582188 |
| imported cutaneous melioidosis in traveler, belgium. | | 2007 | 17582903 |
| bacterial community composition and structure of biofilms developing on nanofiltration membranes applied to wastewater treatment. | the structure and microbial communities of biofilms developing on cross-flow nanofiltration (nf) membranes at different temperatures (20, 25 or 34 degrees c) and operation lengths (8h-24days) were studied. feedwater comprised tertiary quality wastewater effluent or synthetic media mimicking effluents of intermediate quality. after each run, the membranes were autopsied for bacterial enumeration, bacterial community composition and microscopy visualization (sem, clsm and afm/nsom). community comp ... | 2007 | 17585989 |
| a large gene cluster in burkholderia xenovorans encoding abietane diterpenoid catabolism. | abietane diterpenoids are defense compounds synthesized by trees that are abundant in natural environments and occur as significant pollutants from pulp and paper production. burkholderia xenovorans lb400 has diverse catabolic capabilities and represents an important group of heterotrophic bacteria in soil environments. the genome sequence of lb400 revealed homologs of the dit genes of pseudomonas abietaniphila bkme-9, which encode abietane diterpenoid degradation. lb400 grew on abietic acid (ab ... | 2007 | 17586638 |
| isolation and characterization of a new 2,4-dinitrophenol-degrading bacterium burkholderia sp. strain ku-46 and its degradation pathway. | a gram-negative bacterium, strain ku-46, was isolated from agricultural soil contaminated with pesticides and was found to utilize 2,4-dinitrophenol as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and its morphological, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, strain ku-46 was identified as a burkholderia sp. metabolite analyses by hplc and liquid chromatography-ms indicated that 4-nitrophenol, 1,4-benzoquinone, and nitrite are the intermediates of 2,4- ... | 2007 | 17590225 |
| the effect of recombinant human lactoferrin on growth and the antibiotic susceptibility of the cystic fibrosis pathogen burkholderia cepacia complex when cultured planktonically or as biofilms. | the cystic fibrosis (cf) pathogen burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is innately resistant to antibiotics and the development of effective therapeutic strategies to treat these infections is a major challenge. the objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of recombinant human lactoferrin (rhl) on planktonic and biofilm cultures of bcc organisms and to establish whether lactoferrin alters the susceptibility of these cultures to a range of antibiotic therapies. | 2007 | 17595284 |
| prevalence of melioidosis in the er-ren river basin, taiwan: implications for transmission. | an increase in melioidosis cases compared to other areas in taiwan was observed in the er-ren river basin, southwestern taiwan, from november 2001 to august 2006. the objective of this study was to determine the association between the level of exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei and the incidence rate of melioidosis and to survey the transmission modes of b. pseudomallei in the er-ren river basin. the serosurveillance of melioidosis gave seropositivity rates of 36.6%, 21.6%, and 10.9%, respec ... | 2007 | 17596372 |
| rhizobacterial volatiles affect the growth of fungi and arabidopsis thaliana. | volatiles of stenotrophomonas, serratia, and bacillus species inhibited mycelial growth of many fungi and arabidopsis thaliana (40 to 98%), and volatiles of pseudomonas species and burkholderia cepacia retarded the growth to lesser extents. aspergillus niger and fusarium species were resistant, and b. cepacia and staphylococcus epidermidis promoted the growth of rhizoctonia solani and a. thaliana. bacterial volatiles provide a new source of compounds with antibiotic and growth-promoting features ... | 2007 | 17601806 |
| the tomato rhizosphere, an environment rich in nitrogen-fixing burkholderia species with capabilities of interest for agriculture and bioremediation. | burkholderia strains are promising candidates for biotechnological applications. unfortunately, most of these strains belong to species of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) involved in human infections, hampering potential applications. novel diazotrophic burkholderia species, phylogenetically distant from the bcc species, have been discovered recently, but their environmental distribution and relevant features for agro-biotechnological applications are little known. in this work, the occur ... | 2007 | 17601817 |
| using box-pcr to exclude a clonal outbreak of melioidosis. | although melioidosis in endemic regions is usually caused by a diverse range of burkholderia pseudomallei strains, clonal outbreaks from contaminated potable water have been described. furthermore b. pseudomallei is classified as a cdc group b bioterrorism agent. ribotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) have been used to identify genetically related b. pseudomallei isolates, but they are time consuming and technically challenging for many laborato ... | 2007 | 17603903 |
| burkholderia cepacia complex: virulence characteristics, importance and relationship with cystic fibrosis. | burkholderia cepacia has been described as a cause of opportunist infections in patients with immune deficiency because of the high transmission rates. actually the b. cepacia is subdivided in nine different genomic species that show morphological similarity, called genomovars. high mortality rates have been associated with infections caused by genomovars in susceptible patients; antibiotics are not efficient because of the high resistance level and genomic mutability. little is known about the ... | 2007 | 17611350 |
| kinetics of p-nitrophenol degradation by pseudomonas pseudomallei wild and mutant strains. | pseudomonas pseudomallei ebn-10 strain, previously isolated from a local pharmaceutical industry's wastewater, was spontaneously adapted to higher p-nitrophenol (pnp) levels, which then was subjected to gamma ray-induced mutagenesis; the efficient isolates hence obtained were designated as ebn-11 and ebn-12, respectively. ebn-12 mutant strain could completely mineralize pnp (100 mg/l) on the minimal media in 24 h while, the parent strain utilized only 6% of it. addition of glucose as co-substrat ... | 2007 | 17616887 |
| differences in the electrostatic surfaces of the type iii secretion needle proteins prgi, bsal, and mxih. | gram-negative bacteria use a needle-like protein assembly, the type iii secretion apparatus, to inject virulence factors into target cells to initiate human disease. the needle is formed by the polymerization of approximately 120 copies of a small acidic protein that is conserved among diverse pathogens. we previously reported the structure of the bsal needle monomer from burkholderia pseudomallei by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy and others have determined the crystal structure o ... | 2007 | 17617421 |
| burkholderia cepacia complex infection in a cohort of italian patients with cystic fibrosis. | the aims of this study were to detect burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) strains in a cohort of cystic fibrosis patients (n=276) and to characterize bcc isolates by molecular techniques. the results showed that 11.23% of patients were infected by bcc. burkholderia cenocepacia lineage iii-a was the most prevalent species (64.3%) and, of these, 10% was cbla positive and 50% esmr positive. less than half of the strains were sensitive to ceftazidime, meropenem, piperacillin tazobactam, and trimethop ... | 2007 | 17618236 |
| risk factors for burkholderia cepacia complex bacteremia among intensive care unit patients without cystic fibrosis: a case-control study. | the burkholderia cepacia complex is associated with colonization or disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf). for patients without cf, this complex is poorly understood apart from its presence in occasional point source outbreaks. | 2007 | 17620243 |
| variable presentation of neurological melioidosis in northeast thailand. | we describe three instructive cases of neurologic melioidosis that demonstrate the variable nature of clinical manifestations and disease pathology. the appropriate duration and choice of parenteral and oral antimicrobial therapy for neurologic melioidosis are also discussed. | 2007 | 17620641 |
| revised approach for identification of isolates within the burkholderia cepacia complex and description of clinical isolates not assigned to any of the known genomovars. | one hundred thirty-eight clinical isolates of the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) were identified using a modified strategy that involved pcr detection of the cbla gene for the et12 lineage simultaneously with detection of the bcc reca pcr product; reca sequence cluster analysis also was part of the strategy. four strains could not be assigned to any of the known genomovars. | 2007 | 17626169 |
| study of the mode of action of a polygalacturonase from the phytopathogen burkholderia cepacia. | we have recently isolated and heterologously expressed bcpeh28a, an endopolygalacturonase from the phytopathogenic gram-negative bacterium burkholderia cepacia. endopolygalacturonases belong to glycoside hydrolase family 28 and are responsible for the hydrolysis of the non-esterified regions of pectins. the mode of action of bcpeh28a on different substrates has been investigated and its enzymatic mechanism elucidated. the hydrolysis of polygalacturonate indicates that bcpeh28a is a non-processiv ... | 2007 | 17627609 |
| virulence of burkholderia cepacia complex strains in gp91phox-/- mice. | in cystic fibrosis (cf), infection with burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) strains may cause long-term asymptomatic airway colonization, or severe lung infection leading to rapid pulmonary decline. to assess the virulence of bcc strains, we established a lung infection model in mice with a null allele of the gene involved in x-linked chronic granulomatous disease (cgd). cgd mice, challenged intratracheally with 10(3) cells of the epidemic burkholderia cenocepacia strain j2315, died within 3 days ... | 2007 | 17627623 |
| development of real-time pcr assays and evaluation of their potential use for rapid detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in clinical blood specimens. | the early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy is critical for improving the prognosis of patients with septicemic melioidosis. thus, the use of a rapid molecular diagnosis may affect the outcome of this disease, which has a high mortality rate. we report the development of two taqman real-time pcr assays (designated 8653 and 9438) that detect the presence of two novel genes unique to burkolderia pseudomallei. the analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assays were assessed with ... | 2007 | 17634296 |
| creation of novel enantioselective lipases by simplex. | the single-molecule pcr-linked in vitro expression (simplex) technology, which can directly link a single molecule of a gene to its encoding protein, has been used to engineer enantioselectivity of lipase from burkhorderia cepacia kwi-56. a combinatorial mutation has been introduced only to four residues in the hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket of the enzyme based on a structural model of the substrate-enzyme complex. such focused mutation library constructed by the simplex technology has bee ... | 2007 | 17634602 |
| widespread capacity to metabolize polychlorinated biphenyls by diverse microbial communities in soils with no significant exposure to pcb contamination. | the purpose of this work was to determine the extent of microbial metabolic potential for polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in soils that have had no previous exposure to this class of xenobiotic pollutants. soil and sediment samples of distinct characteristics from six sites in germany were used to inoculate pcb oil (aroclor 1242) microdroplets. all samples yielded multispecies biofilms, as revealed by single-strand conformation polymorphism (sscp) analyses of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ana ... | 2007 | 17635537 |
| two outbreaks of burkholderia cepacia nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit. | an outbreak of burkholderia cepacia septicaemia occurred in our neonatal unit over a 9-week period in 2001, affecting 23 babies and two died. a second outbreak lasting 8 days occurred a year later, affecting five babies. | 2008 | 17640280 |
| rapid multiplex immunofluorescent assay to detect antibodies against burkholderia pseudomallei and taxonomically closely related nonfermenters. | an indirect immunofluorescent assay to detect antibodies against the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of burkholderia pseudomallei and taxonomically closely related species was developed with the luminex system. lpss of pseudomonas aeruginosa, burkholderia cepacia, burkholderia thailandensis, burkholderia vietnamiensis, b. pseudomallei, and burkholderia mallei were successfully conjugated to luminex microspheres. antibodies measured against the lps of b. pseudomallei-conjugated luminex beads only cross- ... | 2007 | 17642542 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei septicaemia - a case report. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a natural saprophyte widely distributed in soil, stagnant waters of endemic areas, is said to infect humans through breaks in the skin or through inhalation causing protean clinical manifestations including fatal septicaemia. a case of septicaemia in a elderly female diabetic due to b. pseudomallei following a history of fall is being reported with complete details. | 2004 | 17642754 |
| isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from a case of septicaemia--a case report. | meliodosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei has been recognized as an emerging infectious disease in india. the infection is under diagnosed and underreported, and hence considered a rare disease. majority of the cases have been documented from the states with heavy rainfall. the present case being reported is a middle-aged woman who had developed a fulminant infection following exposure to stagnant floodwater in the city of hyderabad. to the best of our knowledge, this ... | 2003 | 17642999 |
| polysaccharides and virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease of humans and animals. gene clusters which encode capsular polysaccharide (type i o-ps) and lps (type ii o-ps), both of which play roles in virulence, have previously been identified. here, the identification of two further putative clusters, type iii o-ps and type iv o-ps, is reported. mice challenged with type iii o-ps or type iv o-ps mutants showed increased mean times to death (7.8 and 11.6 days) compared ... | 2007 | 17644705 |
| inflammation patterns induced by different burkholderia species in mice. | burkholderia pseudomallei, which causes melioidosis, a severe, mainly pulmonary disease endemic in south-east asia, is considered to be the most pathogenic of the burkholderia genus. b. thailandensis, however, is considered avirulent. we determined differences in patterns of inflammation of b. pseudomallei 1026b (clinical virulent isolate), b. pseudomallei aj1d8 (an in vitro invasion-deficient mutant generated from strain 1026b by tn5-ot182 mutagenesis) and b. thailandensis by intranasally inocu ... | 2008 | 17645551 |
| biodegradation and bioremediation of endosulfan contaminated soil. | among the three mixed bacterial culture ae, be, and ce, developed by enrichment technique with endosulfan as sole carbon source, consortium ce was found to be the most efficient with 72% and 87% degradation of alpha-endosulfan and beta-endosulfan, respectively, in 20 days. in soil microcosm, consortium ae, be and ce degraded alpha-endosulfan by 57%, 88% and 91%, respectively, whereas beta-endosulfan was degraded by 4%, 60% and 67% after 30 days. ochrobacterum sp., arthrobacter sp., and burkholde ... | 2008 | 17646098 |
| a high performance lipase preparation: characterization and atomic force microscopy. | the goal of obtaining enzyme forms which show greater stability, higher catalytic efficiency, and reusability has been pursued since last several decades. some novel biocatalyst designs have been evolved and protein coated micro-crystals (pcmcs) is one of them. pseudomonas cepacia lipase coated micro-crystals were prepared by simultaneous precipitation of mixture of aqueous lipase solution and salts such as potassium sulphate by organic solvents. this resulted in lipase coated micro-crystals. th ... | 2007 | 17655009 |
| pqsa is required for the biosynthesis of 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline (dhq), a newly identified metabolite produced by pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia thailandensis. | a new metabolite, 2,4-dihydroxyquinoline (dhq), was identified in cultures of the bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia thailandensis. we found that the biosynthesis of dhq correlates with the presence of a functional pqsa, which is a product of the pqsabcde operon responsible for the synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (haqs) in p. aeruginosa. however, dhq is not a degradation product or precursor of haqs. this finding sheds some light on the poorly understood biosynthesis pathw ... | 2007 | 17655503 |
| a german external quality survey of diagnostic microbiology of respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. | the goal of this pilot study was to design an external quality assessment (eqa) scheme for german cystic fibrosis (cf) clinical microbiology laboratories. therefore, a multicentre study of 18 german cf laboratories was performed to evaluate their proficiency in analyzing cf respiratory secretions. | 2008 | 17658302 |
| isolation and antifungal activity of lignans from myristica fragrans against various plant pathogenic fungi. | in a search for plant extracts with potent in vivo antifungal activity against various plant diseases, we found that treatment with a methanol extract of myristica fragrans houttyn (nutmeg) seeds reduced the development of various plant diseases. the objectives of the present study were to isolate and determine antifungal substances from my. fragrans and to evaluate their antifungal activities. | 2007 | 17659535 |
| in vivo expression technology identifies a type vi secretion system locus in burkholderia pseudomallei that is induced upon invasion of macrophages. | the gram-negative proteobacterium burkholderia pseudomallei can survive and multiply within a variety of eukaryotic cells, including macrophages. this property is believed to be important for its ability to cause the disease melioidosis in a wide range of animal species, including humans. to identify determinants that are important for the ability of b. pseudomallei to survive within macrophages, in vivo expression technology (ivet) was employed. several putative macrophage-inducible genes were ... | 2007 | 17660433 |
| evolving epidemiology of pseudomonas aeruginosa and the burkholderia cepacia complex in cystic fibrosis lung infection. | the morbidity and mortality of patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) is primarily determined by chronic and debilitating lung infections caused by a surprisingly narrow spectrum of bacterial pathogens. pseudomonas aeruginosa is by far the most prevalent life-threatening cf pathogen. in the absence of aggressive early therapy, it infects the majority of adult patients and determines long-term survival. the epidemiology of cf pulmonary infections continues to evolve. amongst the most recent cf pathog ... | 2007 | 17661652 |
| infections by burkholderia spp.: the psychodramatic life of an opportunistic pathogen. | | 2006 | 17661657 |
| melioidosis presenting with isolated splenic abscesses: a case report. | splenic abscesses caused by burkholderia pseudomallei are rarely reported in taiwan. here we report a middle-aged man who presented with fever, chills, and general malaise for several days. abdominal echo revealed isolated splenic abscesses and he received antibiotics treatment according to the initial blood culture result, serratia marcescens. however, fever did not subside. then he was referred to our hospital and meropenem was prescribed. fever subsided 5 days after the beginning of meropenem ... | 2007 | 17666309 |
| [phagocytosis of burkholderia mallei as a criterion for immunogenicity evaluation of its capsular antigens]. | test-system using index of phagocytosis of noncapsulated mutant loaded by one of the several capsular antigenic complexes was developed and used for screening for both immunogenic and protective capsular antigens of b. mallei. direct correlation between index of phagocytosis, level of delayed-type hypersensivity, and protective effect of capsular antigens has been shown on the model of experimental melioidosis in susceptible white mice, guinea pigs and white rats. obtained results let to use the ... | 2007 | 17672140 |
| bactericidal efficacy of liposomal aminoglycosides against burkholderia cenocepacia. | burkholderia cenocepacia (formally a genotype of burkholderia cepacia complex called genomovar iii) has emerged as a serious opportunistic pathogen in individuals with cystic fibrosis. we developed a liposomal antibiotic formulation composed of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and cholesterol (molar ratio 2:1) to overcome b. cenocepacia's resistance to commonly used aminoglycosidic antibiotics. | 2007 | 17673475 |
| a serratia marcescens oxyr homolog mediates surface attachment and biofilm formation. | oxyr is a conserved bacterial transcription factor with a regulatory role in oxidative stress response. from a genetic screen for genes that modulate biofilm formation in the opportunistic pathogen serratia marcescens, mutations in an oxyr homolog and predicted fimbria structural genes were identified. s. marcescens oxyr mutants were severely impaired in biofilm formation, in contrast to the hyperbiofilm phenotype exhibited by oxyr mutants of escherichia coli and burkholderia pseudomallei. furth ... | 2007 | 17675374 |
| biofilm interactions between distinct bacterial genera isolated from drinking water. | in the environment, multiple microorganisms coexist as communities, competing for resources and often associated as biofilms. in this study, single- and dual-species biofilm formation by, and specific activities of, six heterotrophic intergeneric bacteria were determined using 96-well polystyrene plates over a 72-h period. these bacteria were isolated from drinking water and identified by partial 16s rrna gene sequencing. a series of planktonic studies was also performed, assessing the bacterial ... | 2007 | 17675433 |
| toll-like receptor 2 impairs host defense in gram-negative sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are essential in host defense against pathogens by virtue of their capacity to detect microbes and initiate the immune response. tlr2 is seen as the most important receptor for gram-positive bacteria, while tlr4 is regarded as the gram-negative tlr. melioidosis is a severe infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei, that is endemic in southeast asia. we aimed to characterize the expression and function of tlrs in septic melioidosis. | 2007 | 17676990 |
| in vivo and in vitro investigation of transcriptional regulation by dntr. | dntr is a bacterial transcription factor that has been isolated from burkholderia species that are able to degrade the nitro-aromatic compound 2,4-dinitrotoluene. we recently solved the x-ray crystal structure of dntr, which suggested a putative location of an inducer-binding cavity (ibc). in this study, we constructed mutants of dntr in which residues lining the proposed ibc were modified in order to identify the structural elements involved in inducer binding, to modulate the inducer binding s ... | 2007 | 17681542 |
| in vitro refolding of pegylated lipase. | covalent modification of proteins with polyethylene glycol (peg) has become a well established drug enhancement strategy in the biopharmaceutical industry. the general benefits of pegylation, such as prolonged serum half-lives or reduced in vivo immunogenicity, are well known. to date, the pegylation process has been performed with purified proteins, which often requires additional multi-step purification steps to harvest the desired pegylate. however, it would be beneficial for bioprocessing if ... | 2007 | 17683821 |
| isolation of maize soil and rhizosphere bacteria with antagonistic activity against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides. | bacterial isolates from mississippi maize field soil and maize rhizosphere samples were evaluated for their potential as biological control agents against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides. isolated strains were screened for antagonistic activities in liquid coculture against a. flavus and on agar media against a. flavus and f. verticillioides. we identified 221 strains that inhibited growth of both fungi. these bacteria were further differentiated by their production of extracellu ... | 2007 | 17685333 |
| site-specific and asymmetric hydrolysis of prochiral 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate by a bacterial esterase from an isolated strain. | bacillus cereus 809a and burkholderia sp. 711c were isolated from soil. these strains demonstrate hydrolysis activity towards prochiral 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate and accumulated the corresponding chiral monoacetates into the reaction mixture. when 2-phenyl 1,3-propanediol diacetate was used as a substrate, the produced monoacetates with burkholderia sp. 711c were obtained in a racemic form but that produced by bacillus cereus 809a showed an excess of the (s)-form. the resting cell react ... | 2007 | 17690472 |
| survival of lung transplant patients with cystic fibrosis harboring panresistant bacteria other than burkholderia cepacia, compared with patients harboring sensitive bacteria. | the impact of panresistant bacteria, other than burkholderia cepacia, on the survival after lung transplantation in patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) remains controversial. | 2007 | 17692788 |
| molecular characterization of a novel family viii esterase from burkholderia multivorans uwc10. | an esterase producing burkholderia multivorans uwc10 strain was isolated by culture enrichment. a shotgun library of b. multivorans uwc10 genomic dna was screened for esterase activity and a recombinant clone conferring an esterolytic phenotype was identified. full-length sequencing of the dna insert showed that it consisted of a single open reading frame (orf1) encoding a predicted protein of 398 amino acids. orf1 (termed estbl) had a high protein sequence identity to family viii esterases. the ... | 2007 | 17693726 |
| studies on crystallization and cross-linking of lipase for biocatalysis. | the development of robust biocatalysts with increased stability and activity is a major challenge to industry. a major breakthrough in this field was the development of cross-linked enzyme crystals with high specificity and stability. a method is described to produce micro crystals of clec lipase, which is thermostable and solvent stable. lipase from burkholderia cepacia was crystallized using ammonium sulfate and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde to produce catalytically active enzyme. the maxim ... | 2008 | 17694332 |
| burkholderia cenocepacia et12 strain activates tnfr1 signalling in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells. | burkholderia cenocepacia is an important pulmonary pathogen in individuals with cystic fibrosis (cf). infection is often associated with severe pulmonary inflammation, and some patients develop a fatal necrotizing pneumonia and sepsis ('cepacia syndrome'). the mechanisms by which this species causes severe pulmonary inflammation are poorly understood. here, we demonstrate that b. cenocepacia bc7, a potentially virulent representative of the epidemic et12 lineage, binds to tumour necrosis factor ... | 2008 | 17697131 |
| control of inward rectifier k channel activity by lipid tethering of cytoplasmic domains. | interactions between nontransmembrane domains and the lipid membrane are proposed to modulate activity of many ion channels. in kir channels, the so-called "slide-helix" is proposed to interact with the lipid headgroups and control channel gating. we examined this possibility directly in a cell-free system consisting of kirbac1.1 reconstituted into pure lipid vesicles. cysteine substitution of positively charged slide-helix residues (r49c and k57c) leads to loss of channel activity that is rescu ... | 2007 | 17698595 |
| crystal structure of a kir3.1-prokaryotic kir channel chimera. | the kir3.1 k(+) channel participates in heart rate control and neuronal excitability through g-protein and lipid signaling pathways. expression in escherichia coli has been achieved by replacing three fourths of the transmembrane pore with the pore of a prokaryotic kir channel, leaving the cytoplasmic pore and membrane interfacial regions of kir3.1 origin. two structures were determined at 2.2 a. the selectivity filter is identical to the streptomyces lividans k(+) channel within error of measur ... | 2007 | 17703190 |
| enhancement of pcb degradation by burkholderia xenovorans lb400 in biphasic systems by manipulating culture conditions. | two-phase partitioning bioreactors (tppbs) can be used to biodegrade environmental contaminants after their extraction from soil. tppbs are typically stirred tank bioreactors containing an aqueous phase hosting the degrading microorganism and an immiscible, non-toxic and non-bioavailable organic phase functioning as a reservoir for hydrophobic compounds. biodegradation of these compounds in the aqueous phase results in thermodynamic disequilibrium and partitioning of additional compounds from th ... | 2008 | 17705226 |
| mannosylated poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) diblock copolymers: synthesis, characterization, and interaction with a bacterial lectin. | a novel bioeliminable amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (peo-b-pcl) diblock copolymer end-capped by a mannose residue was synthesized by sequential controlled polymerization of ethylene oxide and epsilon-caprolactone, followed by the coupling of a reactive mannose derivative to the peo chain end. the anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide was first initiated by potassium 2-dimethylaminoethanolate. the ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone was then init ... | 2007 | 17705426 |
| acute septicemic melioidosis presenting with acute cholangitis. | melioidosis is a disease prevalent in the tropics, especially in southeast asia. the most common clinical presentations are bacteremic pneumonia and abscess formation in various organs. although a wide variety of disease presentations are reported for melioidosis, acute cholangitis has not been previously reported. herein, we report a 54-year-old woman who had fever, right upper abdominal pain and jaundice 1 week after a flood caused by a typhoon in southern taiwan. acute cholangitis and pneumon ... | 2007 | 17710373 |
| isolation and characterization of dibenzofuran-degrading serratia marcescens from alkalophilic bacterial consortium of the chemostat. | alkalophilic bacterial consortium developed by continuous enrichment in the chemostat in presence of 4-chlorosalicylic acid as sole source of carbon and energy contained six bacterial strains, micrococcus luteus (csa101), deinococcus radiothilus (csa102), csa103 (burkholderia gladioli), alloiococcus otilis (csa104), micrococcus diversus (csa105), micrococcus luteus (csa106), identified by the biolog test method. the strains were tested for utilization of organic compounds in which one of the str ... | 2007 | 17710482 |
| burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei as bioterrorism agents: national aspects of emergency preparedness. | | 2007 | 17710778 |
| the epidemiology of melioidosis in the balimo region of papua new guinea. | the distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei was determined in soil collected from a rural district in papua new guinea (png) where melioidosis had recently been described, predominately affecting children. in 274 samples, 2.6% tested culture-positive for b. pseudomallei. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using spei digests and rapid polymorphic dna pcr with five primers demonstrated a single clone amongst clinical isolates and isolates cultured from the environment that was commonly used by chi ... | 2008 | 17714600 |
| one step engineering of t7-expression strains for protein production: increasing the host-range of the t7-expression system. | the t7-expression system has been very useful for protein expression in escherichia coli. however, it is often desirable to over-express proteins in species other than e. coli. here, we constructed an inducible broad-host-range t7-expression transposon, which allows simple one-step construction of t7-expression strains in various species, providing the option to over-express proteins of interest in a broader host-range. this transposon contains the t7 rna polymerase driven by the lacuv5 promoter ... | 2007 | 17716915 |
| infectious disease. racing to defuse a bacterial time bomb. | | 2007 | 17717162 |
| antimicrobial properties of moderately halotolerant bacteria from cenotes of the yucatan peninsula. | isolation and antimicrobial evaluation of aquatic bacterial strains from two cenotes. | 2007 | 17718841 |
| exopolysaccharides produced by inquilinus limosus, a new pathogen of cystic fibrosis patients: novel structures with usual components. | the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cystic fibrosis, an autosomal recessive disorder, is chronic microbial colonisation of the major airways that leads to exacerbation of pulmonary infection. several different microbes colonise cystic fibrosis lungs, and pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most threatening, since the establishment of mucoid (alginate producing) strains is ultimately associated with the patient's death. very recently a new bacterium, named inquilinus limo ... | 2007 | 17719019 |
| role of phages in the pathogenesis of burkholderia, or 'where are the toxin genes in burkholderia phages?'. | most bacteria of the genus burkholderia are soil- and rhizosphere-associated, and rhizosphere associated, noted for their metabolic plasticity in the utilization of a wide range of organic compounds as carbon sources. many burkholderia species are also opportunistic human and plant pathogens, and the distinction between environmental, plant, and human pathogens is not always clear. burkholderia phages are not uncommon and multiple cryptic prophages are identifiable in the sequenced burkholderia ... | 2007 | 17719265 |
| fine-scale genetic diversity among burkholderia pseudomallei soil isolates in northeast thailand. | burkholderia pseudomallei soil isolates from northeast thailand were genotyped using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat (vntr) analysis (mlva) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst). mlva identified 19 genotypes within three clades, while mlst revealed two genotypes. these close genetic relationships imply a recent colonization followed by localized expansion, similar to what occurs in an outbreak situation. | 2007 | 17720819 |
| architecture of burkholderia cepacia complex sigma70 gene family: evidence of alternative primary and clade-specific factors, and genomic instability. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) groups bacterial species with beneficial properties that can improve crop yields or remediate polluted sites but can also lead to dramatic human clinical outcomes among cystic fibrosis (cf) or immuno-compromised individuals. genome-wide regulatory processes of gene expression could explain parts of this bacterial duality. transcriptional sigma70 factors are components of these processes. they allow the reversible binding of the dna-dependent rna polymerase ... | 2007 | 17784948 |
| lipolytic enzymes with improved activity and selectivity upon adsorption on polymeric nanoparticles. | nanostructured polystyrene (ps) and polymethylmethacrylate (pmma) were used as carriers for the preparation of bioconjugates with lipolytic enzymes, such as candida rugosa lipase (crl) and pseudomonas cepacia lipase (pcl). simple addition of the lipase solution to the polymeric nanoparticles under protein-friendly conditions (ph 7.6) led to the formation of polymer-enzyme bioconjugates. energy filtered-transmission electron microscopy (ef-tem) performed on immuno-gold labeled samples revealed th ... | 2007 | 17803276 |
| bacterial diversity in soil enrichment cultures amended with 2 (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (mecoprop). | summary the tfda gene encodes for an alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase enzyme which catalyses the first step of the degradation of phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides such as 2 (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy) propionic acid (mecoprop). the bacterial diversity of soil enrichment cultures containing mecoprop was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and clone libraries of both 16s rrna genes and tfda genes. the 16s rrna gene sequences were diverse and clustered with either the ... | 2007 | 17803781 |
| use of antigens derived from burkholderia pseudomallei, b. thailandensis, and b. cepacia in the indirect hemagglutination assay for melioidosis. | the serological diagnosis of melioidosis is carried out using the indirect hemagglutination assay. we looked at the reactivity of sera from culture-proven cases of melioidosis from north queensland against antigens derived from burkholderia pseudomallei, b. thailandensis, and b. cepacia. cross-reactivity between sera from culture-positive cases of melioidosis and b. thailandensis was demonstrated. | 2007 | 17804613 |
| simultaneous infection with more than one strain of burkholderia pseudomallei is uncommon in human melioidosis. | a prospective study was performed to determine the rate at which patients with melioidosis are infected with more than one strain of burkholderia pseudomallei. genotyping of 2,058 bacterial colonies isolated from 215 samples taken from 133 patients demonstrated that mixed infection is uncommon (2/133 cases [1.5%; 95% confidence interval, 0.2 to 5.3%]). | 2007 | 17804651 |
| accuracy of burkholderia pseudomallei identification using the api 20ne system and a latex agglutination test. | in an evaluation of the api 20ne for the identification of burkholderia spp., 792/800 (99%) burkholderia pseudomallei and 17/19 (89%) b. cepacia isolates were correctly identified but 10 b. mallei and 98 b. thailandensis isolates were not correctly identified. a latex agglutination test was positive for 796/800 (99.5%) b. pseudomallei isolates and negative for 120 other oxidase-positive gram-negative bacilli. | 2007 | 17804660 |
| the allosteric modulation of lipases and its possible biological relevance. | during the development of an enantioselective synthesis using the lipase from mucor miehei an unusual reaction course was observed, which was analyzed precisely. for the first time an allosteric modulation of a lipase changing its selectivity was shown. | 2007 | 17825093 |
| the genome of epsilon15, a serotype-converting, group e1 salmonella enterica-specific bacteriophage. | the genome sequence of the salmonella enterica serovar anatum-specific, serotype-converting bacteriophage epsilon15 has been completed. the nonredundant genome contains 39,671 bp and 51 putative genes. it most closely resembles the genome of phiv10, an escherichia coli o157:h7-specific temperate phage, with which it shares 36 related genes. more distant relatives include the burkholderia cepacia-specific phage, bcepc6b (8 similar genes), the bordetella bronchiseptica-specific phage, bpp-1 (8 sim ... | 2007 | 17825342 |