| determination of the nucleotide sequence flanking the deletion (0.762 to 0.789 map units) in the genome of an intraperitoneally avirulent hsv-1 strain hfem. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain hfem which harbours a deletion of 4.1 kbp in its genome (0.762 to 0.789 map units, hpai dna fragment p of hsv-1), is apathogenic for mice and tree shrews by the intraperitoneal application route. the exact position of this deletion was determined by dna sequence analysis. this analysis was performed using the recombinant plasmid pu18hshf-xmi-b which harbours the flanking genome regions (0.752 to 0.762 and 0.789 to 0.7895 map units) of the deletion in th ... | 1987 | 3035814 |
| hybrid protein thymidine kinase gene fusions: plasmid vectors for the study of transcription and translation initiation signals. | the thymidine kinase (tk) gene (tk) from herpes simplex virus type 1 has been used to form gene fusions encoding enzymatically active hybrid proteins. the promoter, translation initiation region, and the first three codons of the tk gene were removed and replaced with a series of dna restriction sites. dna fragments containing gene initiation regions were cloned into these sites and shown to synthesize enzymatically active proteins in escherichia coli. these gene fusions were shown to complement ... | 1987 | 3036661 |
| hamster model for herpes simplex virus infection of the central nervous system. | adult syrian hamsters were inoculated with a mouse brain passage of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) along an intradermal and an oral route after local scarification. for both routes, clinical symptoms of central nervous system (cns) involvement were seen in the period between five and 12 days post infection. compared with the route via the buccal mucosa, cns involvement by intradermal infection is easier to establish. with a minimum dose of 2 x 10(4) tcid50 virus via the intradermal route, a ... | 1987 | 3036713 |
| characterization of four herpesviruses isolated from owl monkeys and their comparison with herpesvirus saimiri type 1 (herpesvirus tamarinus) and herpes simplex virus type 1. | four herpesviruses were previously isolated from four outbreaks of lethal disease in owl monkeys. all four isolates have been shown to be antigenically closely related to each other and to herpesvirus saimiri 1 (hvs-1) by kinetic neutralizations. the owl monkey strains also share similarities to hvs-1 and to each other with respect to host range, growth cycles and molecular weights of peptides and of dna fragments generated by restriction endonuclease (r.e.) digestion. r.e. analysis, however, ca ... | 1987 | 3036914 |
| replacement of glycoprotein b gene sequences in herpes simplex virus type 1 strain ang by corresponding sequences of the strain kos causes changes of plaque morphology and neuropathogenicity. | dna sequences encoding glycoprotein b (gb) derived from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain kos321 were transferred to hsv-1 ang. in cotransfection experiments the cloned hsv-1 kos bamhi g fragment served as donor, and genomic dna of two ang variants as recipients. one of these variants, hsv-1 ang path, expresses gc and the other, c18, was a spontaneous gc-negative mutant. both ang strains are of the syncytial (syn) phenotype whereas hsv-1 kos321 is non-syncytial (syn+). recombinants were ... | 1987 | 3037014 |
| the products of gene us11 of herpes simplex virus type 1 are dna-binding and localize to the nucleoli of infected cells. | we have used antisera raised against synthetic oligopeptides to characterize the protein products from herpes simplex virus type 1 gene us11. these antisera recognized predominantly polypeptides of apparent molecular weight 21,000 and 22,000, but also polypeptides of apparent molecular weight 17,500, 15,000, 14,000 and 11,000. tryptic peptide fingerprint analysis confirmed that these polypeptides were all closely related. the 21,000 and 22,000 molecular weight polypeptides were shown to be dna-b ... | 1987 | 3037015 |
| virus-specific igm and igg antibody production by b cells during herpes simplex virus type 2-induced immunosuppression as analysed by an immunospot assay. | the mechanism of herpes simplex virus (hsv)-2-induced immunosuppression was analysed by determination of the number of igm and igg antibody-secreting b cells in female balb/c mice using an immunospot assay. primary hsv-1 or -2 as well as homologous or heterologous booster infections at different times were performed. in accordance with earlier results on humoral antibody generation, in contrast to hsv-1, hsv-2 induced only very low numbers of antibody-producing b cells in dose-response experimen ... | 1987 | 3037017 |
| recovery of herpes simplex virus from the corneas of experimentally infected rabbits. | rabbits were inoculated in the left cornea with one of three strains of herpes simplex virus (hsv) i.e. hsv-1 strain 17, hsv-1 strain mckrae, hsv-2 strain hg52, or with and hsv-1 mckrae/hsv-2 hg52 recombinant r40/2. fifty-nine to 67 days after inoculation trigeminal ganglia and corneas were explanted and screened for release of infectious virus. virus was isolated from all left trigeminal ganglia after organ culture irrespective of viral strain. virus was isolated from three of 16 corneas of ani ... | 1987 | 3037020 |
| 2'-fluorinated arabinonucleosides of 5-(2-haloalkyl)uracil: synthesis and antiviral activity. | the synthesis of 5-(2-fluoroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (fedu, 4b), its 2'-fluoro analogue 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-(2-fluoroethyl)-1h,3h- pyrimidine-2,4-dione (fefau, 4k), and the 2'-fluoro analogue of the potent antiherpes virus compound 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (cedu), 5-(2-chloroethyl)-1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-1h,3h-pyr imidine - 2,4-dione (cefau, 4i), is described. the antiviral activities of these compounds were determined in cell culture again ... | 1987 | 3037079 |
| expression of a cellular gene cloned in herpes simplex virus: rabbit beta-globin is regulated as an early viral gene in infected fibroblasts. | we constructed nondefective herpes simplex virus type 1 recombinants bearing the intact rabbit beta-globin gene inserted into the viral gene for thymidine kinase to study the expression of a cellular gene when it is present in the viral genome during lytic viral infections. the globin promoter was activated to high levels during productive infection of vero cells, giving rise to properly spliced and processed cytoplasmic globin transcripts. expression of globin rna occurred with early kinetics, ... | 1987 | 3037101 |
| the 65,000-mr dna-binding and virion trans-inducing proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1. | the possible identity of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) 65k (65,000-mr) virion protein which stimulates transcription from immediate-early genes with the hsv-1 65k dna-binding protein was investigated. the two proteins were found to be distinct by the three separate criteria of immunological reactivity, tryptic peptide fingerprinting, and mobility in two-dimensional gels. using hsv-1/hsv-2 intertypic recombinants and a serotype-specific antiserum, we located the gene encoding the 65k dn ... | 1987 | 3037105 |
| cells expressing herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gc but not gb, gd, or ge are recognized by murine virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | to determine which viral molecule(s) is recognized by herpes simplex virus (hsv)-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl), target cells were constructed which express individual hsv glycoproteins. a mouse l cell line, z4/6, which constitutively expressed high levels of hsv type 2 (hsv-2) gd (gd-2) was isolated and characterized previously (d. c. johnson and j. r. smiley, j. virol. 54:682-689, 1985). despite the expression of gd on the surface of z4/6 cells, these cells were not killed by anti-hsv- ... | 1987 | 3037106 |
| herpes simplex virus virion stimulatory protein mrna leader contains sequence elements which increase both virus-induced transcription and mrna stability. | to investigate the role of 5' noncoding leader sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) mrna in infected cells, the promoter for the 65,000-dalton virion stimulatory protein (vsp), a beta-gamma polypeptide, was introduced into plasmids bearing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene together with various lengths of adjacent viral leader sequences. plasmids containing longer lengths of leader sequence gave rise to significantly higher levels of cat enzyme in transfected cells supe ... | 1987 | 3037112 |
| herpes simplex virus type 1 pathogenicity in footpad and ear skin of mice depends on langerhans cell density, mouse genetics, and virus strain. | skin langerhans cells have been shown to be very efficient in presenting antigens to t-helper cells and stimulating the immune response. the present study demonstrates their essential role in the control of primary herpetic infections in the skin. two unrelated stimuli (abrasion and steroids) were shown to cause depletion of the langerhans cells in the murine epidermis, and both caused enhancement of the virulence of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1) in the skin. the langerhans cell density was foun ... | 1987 | 3037113 |
| the mode of entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 into vero cells. | the mode of entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) into vero cells was investigated quantitatively with biological techniques. the entry of virus occurred rapidly when the virus-adsorbed cells were incubated at 37 c. the kinetics of virus entry was found to be similar to that of the process of uncoating, indicating that the uncoating of hsv-1 occurs simultaneously with the entry of virus into the cell. experiments with ammonium chloride revealed that acidity in endosomes is not necessary f ... | 1987 | 3037281 |
| sensitivity in vitro of herpes simplex virus isolates to human fibroblast interferon. | sensitivity of herpes simplex virus (hsv) isolates, from patients with recurrent infections, to human fibroblast beta interferon (ifn), was tested in vitro. among 25 hsv strains, 12 were hsv-1, isolated from facial and labial lesions, and 13 were hsv-2 isolated from genital lesions. viral sensitivity to ifn was examined on epithelial mb cell line by yield reduction and plaque reduction and close correspondence between the two methods was observed. most of hsv-1 isolates were in the same range of ... | 1987 | 3037288 |
| differential effects of base-pair mismatch on intrachromosomal versus extrachromosomal recombination in mouse cells. | to initially determine the effect that base-pair mismatch has on homologous recombination in mammalian cells, we have studied genetic recombination between thymidine kinase (tk) gene sequences from herpes simplex virus 1 and 2. these tk genes are approximately 81% homologous at the nucleotide level. we observed that, in mouse ltk- cells, intrachromosomal recombination between type 1 and type 2 tk sequences is reduced by a factor of at least 1000 relative to the rate of intrachromosomal recombina ... | 1987 | 3037544 |
| anti-glycoprotein d antibodies that permit adsorption but block infection by herpes simplex virus 1 prevent virion-cell fusion at the cell surface. | certain monoclonal antibodies specific for glycoprotein d of herpes simplex virus have potent neutralizing activity but fail to block attachment of virus to cells. here we have investigated the fate of neutralized and infectious virus after attachment to primate cells. infectious virions fused with the cell surface such that naked nucleocapsids were detectable in the cytoplasm near or just under the plasma membrane. neutralized virions did not fuse with the cell. they remained attached to the ce ... | 1987 | 3037552 |
| cyclosporine a inhibits herpes simplex virus-induced cell fusion but not virus penetration into cells. | the effects of the immunosuppressive peptide cyclosporine a on virus-induced cell fusion and virus penetration into cell were studied. cyclosporine totally inhibited polykaryocyte formation by a syncytial strain of hsv-1 (mp). in contrast, a number of other hydrophobic peptides which inhibit the replication of orthomyxo- and paramyxoviruses and which were less effective in inhibiting fusion in model systems had little effect on hsv-induced cell fusion. virus replication as measured by the yield ... | 1987 | 3037772 |
| pyrimidine homoribonucleosides: synthesis, solution conformation, and some biological properties. | conversion of uridine and cytidine to their 5'-o-tosyl derivatives, followed by cyanation with tetraethylammonium cyanide, reduction and deamination, led to isolation of the hitherto unknown homouridine (1-(5'-deoxy-beta-d-allofuranosyl)uracil) and homocytidine (1-(5'-deoxy-beta-d-allofuranosyl)cytosine), analogues of uridine and cytidine in which the exocyclic 5'-ch2oh chain is extended by one carbon to ch2ch2oh. homocytidine was also phosphorylated to its 6'-phosphate and 6'-pyrophosphate anal ... | 1987 | 3037811 |
| an optimized thymidylate kinase assay, based on enzymatically synthesized 5-[125i]iododeoxyuridine monophosphate and its application to an immunological study of herpes simplex virus thymidine-thymidylate kinases. | the biological synthesis and purification of 5-[125i]iododeoxyuridine monophosphate (idump) are described. the specificity of idump as substrate in the thymidylate monophosphate kinase (tmpk) assay is demonstrated, and a 100-fold gain in sensitivity as compared to the conventional tmpk assay is shown. tmpk measurements of isozymes derived from herpes simplex virus (hsv)-infected cells, uninfected cells, and tumor biopsies were performed. the results showed a significant difference in dependence ... | 1987 | 3037945 |
| the pathogenesis of herpetic ocular disease in the guinea pig. | a detailed study of the pathogenesis of herpetic eye disease in the guinea pig was undertaken to further develop this animal model. several well-known hsv-1 strains were tested for their ability to produce disease and cause acute and latent infections of the trigeminal ganglion: mckrae, kos, mcintyre, re, and shealey. two hsv-2 strains failed to cause eye infections. the shealey strain [hsv-1 (sh)] produced the most severe eye infections, characterized by epithelial and stromal disease, corneal ... | 1987 | 3038053 |
| cytostatic and antiherpesvirus type 1 and 2 activities of 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine (ara t) prodrugs. | a series of derivatives of the antibiotic 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosylthymine (ara t) was synthesized by esterification of the hydroxy group in the 5'-position of the arabinose moiety of the nucleoside with straight-chain and branched-chain carboxylic acids: acetyl-ara t, butyryl-ara t, valeroyl-ara t, pivaloyl-ara t and palmitoyl-ara t. these ara t prodrugs were evaluated for their effect on growth of l5178y mouse lymphoma cells and noninfected bhk-21 cells as well as for their antiviral activity ... | 1987 | 3038479 |
| nucleotide sequence of the dna polymerase gene of herpes simplex virus type 2 and comparison with the type 1 counterpart. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the dna polymerase gene of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 2 strain 186 has been determined. the gene included a 3720-bp major open reading frame capable of encoding 1240 amino acids. the predicted primary translation product had an mr of 137,354, which was slightly larger than its hsv-1 counterpart. a comparison of the predicted functional amino acid sequences of the hsv-1 and hsv-2 dna polymerases revealed 95.5% overall amino acid homology, the value of whic ... | 1987 | 3038677 |
| rabbit zosteriform eruption induced by intra-arterial inoculation of herpes simplex virus, type 1. | | 1987 | 3038980 |
| recombinant human interferon-alpha a treatment of an experimental cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of guinea pigs. | recombinant human interferon-alpha a (rifn-alpha a) was evaluated for therapeutic efficacy against an experimental dorsal cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection of guinea pigs. human ifn has activity in this species. animals were treated either systemically (i.m.) or topically with different formulations of rifn-alpha a. therapy was initiated 24 h before (-24 h), 30 min after (+0.5 h), or 24 h following (+24 h) virus inoculation, and treatment was continued for 3-5 days. efficac ... | 1987 | 3039015 |
| herpes simplex virus replication and protein synthesis in a human blood-derived cell line. | herpes simplex virus (hsv) types 1 and 2 were shown to replicate in a newly described human cell line (meg) derived from the peripheral blood of a healthy volunteer. the cell line has both megakaryocyte-like and b cell-like properties. upon infection with hsv-1 or -2, at a m.o.i. between 0.5 and 5, unlike b and t cells, the meg cells were growth-arrested and this was accompanied by cytopathic effects and virus replication. the hsv proteins and glycoproteins b and d (gb and gd) made in the blood- ... | 1987 | 3039040 |
| generation and properties of the glycoprotein e-related 32k/34k/35k and 55k/57k polypeptides encoded by herpes simplex virus type 1. | a hybridoma line was isolated which produced antibody reacting with polypeptides of apparent molecular weights 32,000, 34,000 and 35,000 (32k/34k/35k) and 55,000 and 57,000 (55k/57k). these were sulphated glycoproteins that have previously been found in the medium of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1)-infected cells. by tryptic peptide mapping and serological cross-reactions the polypeptides were shown to be related to hsv-1 glycoprotein e (ge-1) but they lacked the fc binding function. the 32k ... | 1987 | 3039041 |
| genome variations in herpes simplex virus type 2 strains isolated in japan and sweden. | one-hundred and twenty-three epidemiologically unrelated strains of herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) isolated in japan and sweden (68 japanese and 55 swedish isolates) were compared by analysis of their genomes using five restriction endonucleases: bamhi, kpni, ecori, hindiii and bg/ii. seven of the 93 restriction sites examined showed statistically significant variation between isolates from the two countries. however, hsv-2 isolates were less variable than the hsv-1 isolates previously anal ... | 1987 | 3039042 |
| contrasting patterns of virus spread and neuropathology following microinjection of herpes simplex virus into the hippocampus or cerebellum of mice. | two strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) were microinjected into either the hippocampus or cerebellum of two different mouse strains. immunoperoxidase staining revealed rapid and extensive spread of virus within the hippocampus and certain of its afferent connections. in contrast, only scattered peroxidase positive cells were observed following cerebellar inoculation. extensive lesions were observed only in animals surviving intrahippocampal inoculations. these results suggest that local ... | 1987 | 3039068 |
| synthesis and biological activity of 5-(2,2-difluorovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine. | 5-(2,2-difluorovinyl)uracil (iv) was synthesized from 2,4-dimethoxy-5-bromopyrimidine by sequential formylation, difluoromethylenation, and removal of the 2- and 4-methyl groups. condensation of the trimethylsilyl derivative of iv with protected d-erythro-pentofuranosyl chloride followed by separation of anomers and deblocking gave 5-(2,2-difluorovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (v). compound v was active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infection as well as tumor cells transformed by the hsv-1 ... | 1987 | 3039140 |
| the pseudorabies virus gii gene is closely related to the gb glycoprotein gene of herpes simplex virus. | we have looked for conserved dna sequences between four herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein genes encoding gb, gc, gd, and ge and pseudorabies virus (prv) dna, hsv-1 dna fragments representing these four glycoprotein-coding sequences were hybridized to restriction enzyme fragments of prv dna by the southern blot procedure. specific hybridization was observed only when hsv-1 gb dna was used as probe. this region of hybridization was localized to a 5.2-kilobase (kb) region mapping at ... | 1987 | 3039163 |
| herpes simplex virus 1 protein kinase is encoded by open reading frame us3 which is not essential for virus growth in cell culture. | earlier reports have described a novel protein kinase in cells infected with herpes simplex or pseudorabies viruses. these novel enzymes were characterized by their acceptance of protamine as a substrate and by their differential chromatographic behavior in anion-exchange chromatography. we report that this activity was not present in extracts of uninfected cells or of cells infected with a mutant constructed so as to contain a deletion in the us3 open reading frame mapping in the small componen ... | 1987 | 3039176 |
| inhibition by ganciclovir of cell growth and dna synthesis of cells biochemically transformed with herpesvirus genetic information. | the ability of lm cells, thymidine kinase-deficient lm cells (lmtk-), and lmtk- cells transformed to the lmtk+ phenotype by herpes simplex virus type 1 genetic information (lh7 cells) to anabolize the acyclovir congener ganciclovir was examined. about 50-fold more ganciclovir triphosphate was produced by lh7 cells than by either lm or lmtk- cells. growth inhibition studies indicated that 180 and 120 microm ganciclovir were required to achieve 50% growth inhibition of lm and lmtk- cells, respecti ... | 1987 | 3039910 |
| hsv-1 virulence for mice by the intracerebral route is encoded by the bamhi-l dna fragment containing the cell fusion gene. | the phenotype of pathogenicity by direct intracerebral inoculation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was mapped in the viral genome. this phenotype could be rescued by cotransfection of unit length hsv-1 dna of an avirulent strain with the bamhi fragment l (0.70-0.738 map units) cloned from a virulent strain. the virulence function was localized in the 2.0 kb nrui-bamhi fragment in the right-hand side of bamhi-l, the same region that encodes a virus cell-fusion gene (3). transduction of vir ... | 1987 | 3039945 |
| animal viruses promote the entry of polysaccharides with antiviral activity into cells. | charged polysaccharides such as heparin and carrageenan show potent antiviral activity in cultured cells. labelled [3h]heparin binds to several virion particles as evidenced by sepharose 6b chromatography. this binding is inhibited by carrageenan. the complex [3h]heparin-hsv1 virions is able to enter cells. thus, almost no entry of [3h]heparin is observed in control hela cells, whereas in the presence of hsv1 or poliovirus the amount of radioactivity internalized is enhanced. this internalizatio ... | 1987 | 3039997 |
| flow cytometric evaluation of anti-herpes drugs. | a rapid means of screening drugs for toxicity and anti-herpes simplex virus activity was developed based on the flow cytometric detection of hsv induced changes in cellular dna content. subconfluent monolayers of human diploid fibroblasts (hel 299) were assayed for dna content with propidium iodide 24 h after infection with hsv-1 (multiplicity of infection 1-10) and treatment with the drug to be tested. infection was detected by a broadening of the normal diploid and tetraploid peaks and presenc ... | 1987 | 3040355 |
| prevalence of antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 in different population groups in italy. | | 1987 | 3040393 |
| the dichotomy between herpes simplex virus type 1-induced ocular pathology and systemic immunity. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was injected into the mouse eye by the intravitreal (into the vitreous chamber; vc) or translimbal (across the limbus into the anterior chamber; txl) route. these routes were compared for ocular pathology and systemic immunity. after vc inoculation, the virus-injected eye developed a viral infection, with the majority of opposite, uninjected eyes remaining intact and free of virus over the 4 week period of observation. in contrast, following translimbal inocul ... | 1987 | 3040615 |
| an immunogenetic analysis of resistance to herpes simplex virus retinitis in inbred strains of mice. | specific inbred strains of mice have been shown to vary considerably in their resistance and susceptibility to herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. we injected 2 x 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu) of the kos strain of hsv-1 intracamerally into one eye of balb/c, c57bl/6, and f1 (balb/c x c57bl/6) mice. hsv-1 antigens were localized in frozen sections of enucleated eyes at 10 to 14 days post-inoculation. injected eyes of balb/c mice showed an anterior uveitis with hsv-1 antigens in the anterior ... | 1987 | 3040616 |
| structure-activity studies on synthetic peptides inhibiting herpes simplex virus ribonucleotide reductase. | herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (hsv-1 and hsv-2) ribonucleotide reductase is formed by the association of two nonidentical subunits. a peptide corresponding to the cooh terminus of the subunit 2, tyr-ala-gly-ala-val-val-asn-asp-leu (h2-(7-15)), has been shown to completely inhibit the reductase activity (ic50 = 36 microm) without affecting the host isoenzyme. in order to study the relationship between chemical requirements and inhibitory potencies, a series of peptides, including fragmen ... | 1987 | 3040743 |
| two phenotypically distinct t cells are involved in ultraviolet-irradiated urocanic acid-induced suppression of the efferent delayed-type hypersensitivity response to herpes simplex virus, type 1 in vivo. | when uvb-irradiated urocanic acid, the putative photoreceptor/mediator for uvb suppression, is administered to mice it induces a dose-dependent suppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to herpes simplex virus, type 1 (hsv-1), of similar magnitude to that induced by uv irradiation of mice. in this study, the efferent suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity by uv-irradiated urocanic acid is demonstrated to be due to 2 phenotypically distinct t cells, (thy1+, l3t4-, ly2+) and ... | 1987 | 3040867 |
| sequences of herpes simplex virus type 1 that inhibit formation of stable tk+ transformants. | we have identified two regions of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) genome that inhibit dna-mediated transformation of thymidine kinase-less l (ltk-) cells by the cloned hsv-1 tk gene. when plasmids containing the ecori fragments ek or jk were mixed at 30 fmol/ml with the tk gene and transfected into ltk- cells, the frequency of transformation was inhibited 80 to more than 90% relative to the control. of the remaining 10 ecori fragments of the hsv-1 genome, 8 were inactive and 2 were weakl ... | 1987 | 3041018 |
| isolation of a herpes simplex virus cdna encoding the dna repair enzyme uracil-dna glycosylase. | activity of the dna repair enzyme uracil-dna glycosylase has been shown to increase in herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2)-infected cells. when mrna derived from either hsv-1- or hsv-2-infected hela s3 cells was translated in an in vitro translation system, significant uracil-dna glycosylase activity could be detected in the lysate. this activity was specific for the removal of uracil from dna. lysates from in vitro translation of mrna derived from uninfected hela cells did not contain measurabl ... | 1987 | 3041025 |
| dissection of immediate-early gene promoters from herpes simplex virus: sequences that respond to the virus transcriptional activators. | the immediate-early promoters of herpes simplex virus give rise to the first series of transcripts after infection. these promoters are composed of compound sequence elements that govern basal level and regulated transcription. the response of three core (truncated) promoters from the herpes simplex virus type 1 ie-4, ie-0, and ie-27 genes to a battery of virus-encoded trans-acting proteins was examined in a short-term transient expression assay system. the results of this study reveal (i) a rol ... | 1987 | 3041038 |
| novobiocin and coumermycin a1 inhibit viral replication and the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice. | herpes simplex virus type 1 was reactivated from the trigeminal ganglia of latently infected mice in a quantitative and time-dependent manner. novobiocin and coumermycin a1 reversibly inhibited the reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1. they did not inhibit viral replication in permissive cells (cv-1) but did inhibit replication in cells of neuronal origin (c1300) and acutely infected trigeminal ganglia. | 1987 | 3041048 |
| intravenous acyclovir therapy of first episodes of genital herpes: a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. | a collaborative multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous acyclovir treatment of first-episode genital herpes was performed in order to substantiate previous findings on the efficacy and safety of this drug, to evaluate the influence of parenteral therapy on recurrence frequency, and to obtain further data on the natural history of genital herpes. | 1988 | 3046350 |
| managing fungal and viral infection in the immunocompromised host. | the increasing number of opportunistic fungal infections in neutropenic cancer patients has become of major concern. postmortem examinations have shown that more than half of the deaths attributed to infection were due to disseminated fungal infections. candida species are the major pathogens. unfortunately, the early diagnosis of serious fungal invasion is exceedingly difficult in these patients, since the manifestations of infection are ill-defined and the organisms can only rarely be isolated ... | 1988 | 3051213 |
| herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d is sufficient to induce spontaneous ph-independent fusion in a cell line that constitutively expresses the glycoprotein. | spontaneous small polykaryocytes were detected in a cell line designated bj-o that harbors the bamhi j fragment of herpes simplex virus 1 dna and expresses constitutively glycoprotein d (gd). the fusion activity of bj-o cells correlated with gd production and was drastically reduced following exposure of the cells to monoclonal antibody hd1 to gd. studies on the characteristics and requirements of cell fusion dependent on gd led to the conclusion that the characteristics and requirements for gd- ... | 1988 | 3051654 |
| ten years of experience with human fibroblast interferon in treatment of viral ophthalmic infections. | this review of ten years of experience presents the results of clinical use of human beta-interferon (frone) in viral ocular disease. two forms of human beta-interferon have been used: (a) frone cream 20,000 iu/g (inter-yeda ltd.) for local treatment and prevention of hsv-1 periocular skin lesions and for herpes zoster ophthalmicus. (b) frone eye drops (500,000-1,000,000 u) for prophylaxis and treatment of adenovirus infections and for prevention of recurrent hsv-1 keratitis. our results show th ... | 1988 | 3076609 |
| efficacy of topical treatment for herpes simplex virus infections: predictions from an index of drug characteristics in vitro. | topical antiviral treatments for recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in immunocompetent patients have been generally ineffective. we investigated whether in vitro drug measures could predict in vivo efficacy. twelve topical antiviral formulations were evaluated in vitro by measuring inhibition of viral plaque formation in cell culture (id50) and drug penetration through excised guinea pig skin. in vivo efficacy for each treatment was determined in an experimental cutaneous infection wi ... | 1986 | 3079810 |
| efficacy of glycoprotein inhibitors alone and in combination with trifluridine in the treatment of murine herpetic keratitis. | the present study examined the anti-herpetic effect of the glycoprotein inhibitors, hydroxynorvaline and 2-deoxyglucose, alone and in combination with trifluridine on murine ocular herpes. following ocular inoculation with a large dose of hsv-1 re strain (10(6) pfu), icr mice were treated during the acute infection with different therapeutic regimens, and their efficacy was evaluated by ocular virus titers, clinical grading of blepharo-conjunctivitis and histological evaluation of stromal kerati ... | 1986 | 3082600 |
| adrenergically induced recurrent hsv-1 corneal epithelial lesions. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ocular shedding and recurrent hsv-1 corneal epithelial lesions were assessed after ocular iontophoresis of 0.1% 6-hydroxydopamine followed by topical ocular instillation of 0.1% propine in ten rabbits latently infected with hsv-1 strain mckrae. iontophoresis was performed once at 0.5 mamp for five minutes and 0.1% propine drops were instilled four times a day beginning three days after iontophoresis and continuing for five consecutive days. over an eight day p ... | 1987 | 3117494 |
| herpes simplex virus infection in human arterial cells. implications in arteriosclerosis. | herpesviruses have been implicated as etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of human arteriosclerosis. we have examined the pathobiological effects of human herpes simplex virus (hsv-1) infection in influencing lipid accumulation and metabolism in human and bovine arterial smooth muscle cells (smc). significantly greater amounts of saturated cholesteryl esters (ce) and triacylglycerols (tg) accumulate in hsv-1-infected human and bovine arterial smc than uninfected cells. this ce accumulation res ... | 1987 | 3119662 |
| acute viral laryngotracheitis complicated by herpes simplex virus infection. | we report the development of hsv-1 laryngotracheitis during the resolution phase of typical viral laryngotracheobronchitis (ltb) in an infant. this case represents an uncommon complication of viral ltb which has previously been described only at autopsy and suggests that prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids may lead to secondary infections, such as hsv-1. therefore, we recommend that corticosteroid therapy for ltb be limited to 48 degrees in duration. this case also demonstrates that when a ... | 1987 | 3120094 |
| sequence analyses of herpesviral enzymes suggest an ancient origin for human sexual behavior. | comparison of the amino acid sequences of the deoxythymidine kinases of herpes simplex (hsv) and of marmoset herpes viruses (mhv) suggests a divergence time of 8 to 10 million years ago for hsv-1 and -2. like mhv, hsv-1 and -2 cause local infections in their natural hosts, and direct contact between two individuals during the brief period of infectivity is needed for transmission. because b virus, a nearer relative of hsv, depends on both oral and genital routes of transmission, we postulate tha ... | 1988 | 3128793 |
| nucleoside pools of acyclovir-treated herpes simplex type 1 infected cells. | nucleoside pools of herpes simplex type 1 (hsv-1)-infected and uninfected african green monkey kidney (gmk) cells and human fetal lung fibroblasts (hl) have been analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the only nucleosides found in measurable amounts were deoxythymidine (dthd) and adenosine (ado). the dthd pool seemed to be greater in gmk cells than in hl cells. dthd was also the only nucleoside excreted into the medium. hsv-1 infection reduced the dthd concentration of gmk ... | 1985 | 3160302 |
| large macromolecules can be introduced into cultured mammalian cells using erythrocyte membrane vesicles. | plasmid 6.4 kbp dna, 14 kbp dna, lambda phage particles, all of which contained herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) thymidine kinase (tk) gene, or igm molecules, were mixed with erythrocyte membranes and treated with neutral detergent. the transparent mixture was diluted with phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), followed by centrifugation to collect membrane vesicles containing the large macromolecules. 10-15% of 6.4 kbp, 3% of 14 kbp, 4-7% of the lambda phage particles and 14.5% of igm were trapped ... | 1985 | 3161750 |
| evaluation of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)- and 5-vinyl-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyluracil (brvarau, varau) in the treatment of experimental herpes simplex virus type 1 keratitis in rabbits: comparison with (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (brvudr). | the 5-substituted 1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl (arau) analogues, (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-arau (brvarau) and 5-vinyl-arau (varau), which can be considered as structural analogues of (e)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (brvudr), are potent and selective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication in vitro. brvarau and varau have been compared with brvudr for their therapeutic effect on acute hsv-1 keratitis in rabbits. both arau derivatives applied as 0.1% eyedrops suppressed the deve ... | 1988 | 3202622 |
| immunofluorescence detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 antigen in cerebrospinal fluid cells of experimentally infected mice. | experimentally infected mice were used to assess the value of immunofluorescence (if) procedures in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cells in comparison with routine viral culture of csf for diagnosis of herpes simplex type-1 (hsv-1) encephalitis. virus specific antigen was detected by immunofluorescence in the majority of csf cells in 75% of infected animals. in contrast, only 20% of infected mice had positive viral cultures, which sometimes took as long as a week to show a cytopathological effect (cp ... | 1988 | 3210036 |
| herpes simplex virus replication in the presence of dna polymerase alpha inhibitors. | 2-(p-n-butylanilino)deoxyadenosine (buada), and n-2-(p-n-butylphenyl)deoxyguanosine (bupdg), selective inhibitors of mammalian dna polymerase alpha, were added to bhk-21(c13) cell cultures infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) strain 17 syn +. infectious virus production decreased significantly in the presence of the inhibitor at concentrations varying from 1 nm to 100 microm. bupdg was more effective than buada at all concentrations tested, while it inhibited virus yield as much as ... | 1988 | 3223062 |
| recovery from herpes simplex encephalitis: selective impairment of specific semantic categories with neuroradiological correlation. | the clinical, neuropsychological and neuroradiological features of two patients affected by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) encephalitis are described. an experimental study for the assessment of naming, recognition and description displayed in one patient a persistent significant impairment in naming living things. the other patient showed a failing "semantic memory" for the same categories, although a significant impairment emerged only for plants. in both patients, the late neuroradiologi ... | 1988 | 3225585 |
| effect of ketorolac on herpes simplex virus type one ocular infection in rabbits. | corticosteroids can exacerbate viral ocular infections. ketorolac tromethamine is an effective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that may be a useful substitute for corticosteroids following ocular surgery. in this study, rabbits ocularly infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) were treated topically four times daily with 0.5 percent ketorolac or 0.1 percent dexamethasone for 7 days after infection. severity of the infection was determined by scoring corneal opacity and hsv-1 cornea ... | 1988 | 3246566 |
| visualization of glycoproteins after tunicamycin and monensin treatment of herpes simplex virus infected cells. | the effects of tunicamycin and monensin on the morphogenesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 and on the ultrastructure and function of host cell membranes was investigated by conventional technics of electron microscopy and cytochemical localization of glycoproteins with thiocarbohydrazide-so2. infected rs 537 rabbit fibroblasts were treated with tunicamycin, which inhibits the glycosylation of many glycoproteins, or monensin, which inhibits the transport of proteins to the cell surface, and were ... | 1988 | 3249040 |
| new approach for early, simple, and rapid detection of acute eye infections. | several methods are known for the diagnosis of infections all of which require the use of well equipped laboratories and skilled personnel. for example: 1. isolation and culturing of microorganisms from samples taken from body fluids. this method is complicated and time consuming. 2. detection of antibodies. the main disadvantage of this method is the fact that the change in the level of antibodies occurs only after a few days from the onset of the disease. in the course of our work we found tha ... | 1988 | 3255869 |
| role of langerhans cells and thy. 1+ effector cells in herpes simplex virus-1 infection in the skin of newborn mice. | langerhans cells function in the epidermis as very potent accessory cells. their role as antigen-presenting cells in the immune response following herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) skin infection of newborn mice was studied. newborn c 57 bl/6 mice were found to be susceptible while adult mice are resistant to hsv-1 infection in the skin. because the immune response to hsv-1 infection in the skin is mainly cell-mediated, and therefore dependent on the presence of functional accessory cells, the ... | 1988 | 3261161 |
| t lymphocytes in the trigeminal ganglia of rabbits during corneal hsv infection. | the results of this investigation reveal, for the first time, the presence of thymus-derived (t) lymphocytes in the trigeminal ganglia of rabbits undergoing primary corneal infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. infiltration of t cells into the trigeminal ganglion was evident at 15 days after primary ocular infection but these cells were no longer present by 45 days after infection. corneas and trigeminal ganglia of rabbits sacrificed at 3, 7, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 70 and 90 days after in ... | 1988 | 3263346 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein d on antigen presenting cells infected with vaccinia recombinants and protective immunity. | we studied the effect of the temporal regulation of herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 glycoprotein d (gd-1) expression in ia+ epidermal cells (ec) and macrophages on virus specific immunity and protection from hsv-2 challenge. gd-1 was expressed on the surface of cells infected with a vaccinia recombinant containing gd-1 under the control of an early vaccinia virus promoter (vp176). it was not expressed in cells infected with a recombinant (vp254) in which gd-1 is controlled by a late vaccinia v ... | 1988 | 3263886 |
| new prodrugs of acyclic nucleosides with antiviral activity. | more than 130 acyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleoside derivatives have been synthesized. structure-activity relationships among a selected group of 6- and 9-substituted guanine derivatives will be discussed. by introduction of secondary aliphatic (e.g. isopropyl or secondary butyl) ether groups into acyclic nucleosides such as aciclovir and ganciclovir new lipophilic prodrugs with modified physical and improved pharmacokinetic properties have been obtained. several compounds with isopropylether ... | 1988 | 3265058 |
| the herpes simplex problem. | most of the world's population is eventually infected with herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2, or both. most infected persons harbor latent virus in nerve ganglia for the rest of their lives. true primary infections, nonprimary first-episode infections, and recurrent infections can be asymptomatic or clinical, but all of these are contagious. past estimates of recurrent herpes affecting 20% to 40% of the population are probably low because of inadequate studies of asymptomatic shedding and geni ... | 1988 | 3276741 |
| stereotaxic microinjection of hsv-1 selectively decreases striatal dopamine concentrations in mice. | balb/c mice were stereotaxically injected in the striatum with either the mp or macintyre strain of herpes simplex type 1. three days later, at a time when the animals were free from overt signs of infection, they were killed by cervical dislocation and the striatum was rapidly removed. concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin and their metabolites were subsequently determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. with both strains of vir ... | 1988 | 3285959 |
| expression of herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein b by a recombinant vaccinia virus and protection of mice against lethal herpes simplex virus 1 infection. | the herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) strain f gene encoding glycoprotein gb was isolated and modified at the 5' end by in vitro oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. the modified gb gene was inserted into the vaccinia virus genome and expressed under the control of a vaccinia virus promoter. the mature gb glycoprotein produced by the vaccinia virus recombinant was glycosylated, was expressed at the cell surface, and was indistinguishable from authentic hsv-1 gb in terms of electrophoretic mobility ... | 1987 | 3303033 |
| localization of viral-specific 21 kda protein in nucleoli of herpes simplex infected cells. | viral-encoded 21 kda protein has been localized in herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected cells by immunocytochemical techniques using peroxidase and colloidal gold as markers. during early infection, 21 kda protein was shown to be in cytoplasmic areas rich in ribosomes located near the nucleus and in the viral dna-containing fibrillo-granular material of the virus-specific electron-translucent region in the nucleus. late in infection, an additional marked accumulation occurred in both fib ... | 1987 | 3305024 |
| the regulation of transcription of viral and cellular genes by herpesvirus immediate-early gene products (review). | the expression of viral genes during infection of tissue culture cells by herpesviruses can be divided into three broad classes termed immediate-early (ie), early and late. the ie polypeptides include trans-acting regulators of gene expression; prior expression of ie gene products is essential for the activation of transcription from early gene promoters. during the past five years, the use of modern gene manipulation techniques, short-term transfection assays and in vitro methods has resulted i ... | 1987 | 3310848 |
| clinical and immunological evaluation of oral ribavirin administration in recurrent herpes simplex infections. | a total of 38 out-patients with recurrent oral or genital herpes simplex virus infections received either oral ribavirin (800-1600 mg/day for 7 days) or placebo following a randomized and balanced protocol. clinical and laboratory parameters, including haematological, metabolic and immunological tests, were checked in order to estimate tolerance to and efficacy of ribavirin on recurrent herpes simplex virus infection and on the number of recurrences during the 12 months following treatment. riba ... | 1987 | 3315775 |
| sexually transmitted diseases and sexual behavior in urban adolescent females attending a family planning clinic. | specimens from the lower genital tract of 102 sexually active urban adolescent females were tested for the common sexually transmitted diseases (stds). the results were correlated with concomitant clinical, demographic, and historic data. forty-one percent (42/102) were infected with one or more of the following organisms: chlamydia trachomatis (26/102), trichomonas vaginalis (13/102), neisseria gonorrhoeae (10/102), yeast (6/102), condyloma (5/102), and herpes simplex virus (1/44). mixed infect ... | 1988 | 3335474 |
| synthesis and antiviral evaluation of carbocyclic analogues of 2'-azido- and 2'-amino-2'-deoxycytidine. | carbocyclic analogues of 2'-azido- and 2'-amino-2'-deoxycytidine, compounds 8 and 9, were synthesized by an eight-step synthesis from (+/-)-(1 alpha,2 alpha,3 beta,5 beta)-3-amino-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2- cyclopentanediol (1), which was prepared from cyclopentadiene via an eight-step route. these compounds were tested in vitro against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). the 2'-amino analogue was found to show moderate antiviral activity, with an ed50 of 50 microm. however, the 2'-azido analogue w ... | 1988 | 3339619 |
| relapse of herpes simplex encephalitis after conventional acyclovir therapy. | acyclovir sodium is the drug of choice for the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis. we treated an immunocompetent patient with a ten-day course of intravenous acyclovir sodium at the recommended dosage of 10 mg/kg every eight hours for clinically apparent herpes simplex encephalitis. after marked improvement, his condition deteriorated four days after completing acyclovir therapy. a subsequent brain biopsy specimen disclosed acyclovir-sensitive herpes simplex virus type 1. a longer duration ... | 1988 | 3339802 |
| recurrent hsv-1 corneal epithelial lesions induced by timolol iontophoresis in latently infected rabbits. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) ocular shedding and recurrent corneal epithelial lesions were assessed following ocular iontophoresis of 0.01% timolol at 0.8 mamp for 8 min for 3 consecutive days in 17 rabbits latently infected with hsv-1 strain mckrae. the collection of ocular tear film for the detection of hsv-1 ocular shedding and the slit lamp biomicroscopic evaluation for hsv-1 epithelial lesions began on day 4 after the first iontophoresis and continued for 7 consecutive days. the tear ... | 1988 | 3343095 |
| effect of recombinant mouse interferon-beta on acute and latent herpes simplex infection in mice. | the antiviral effect of recombinant mouse interferon-beta (rmuifn-beta) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) in experimentally infected mice was examined at several stages of infection as a model for the treatment of human hsv infection. recombinant muifn-beta protected mice from lethal intraperitoneal challenge with virulent hsv-1 strains. the in vitro reactivation of hsv from latently infected trigeminal ganglia was also suppressed by treatment with rmuifn-beta. thus, rmuifn-beta was effecti ... | 1988 | 3355371 |
| the cytoplasmic domain of herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein c is required for membrane anchoring. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein c (gc) gene was altered so that it encoded a truncated glycoprotein lacking a cytoplasmic domain but retaining 20 of 23 amino acids of the transmembrane domain. no additional amino acid residues were introduced into the glycoprotein encoded by the altered gene. the gene was recombined into the hsv-1 genome by marker transfer. two recombinant viruses, dl1 and dl2, that expressed the mutant gene were isolated. characterization of these viruses s ... | 1988 | 3357210 |
| antiherpesvirus activity of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl) guanine (brl 39123) in animals. | the antiviral activity of 9-(4-hydroxy-3-hydroxymethylbut-1-yl)guanine (brl 39123) was assessed in several animal models of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection. brl 39123 was as active as acyclovir (acv) when applied topically to guinea pigs with a cutaneous hsv type 1 (hsv-1) infection and was also active topically in an hsv-2 genital infection. before systemic administration to infected animals, brl 39123 and acv were administered orally and subcutaneously to mice, and the blood was assayed f ... | 1988 | 3364954 |
| immunogenetic influence of igh-1 phenotype on experimental herpes simplex virus type-1 corneal infection. | patterns of herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) infection were studied in balb/c congenic, igh-1 disparate murine strains to establish the influence of igh-1 phenotype on the development of keratopathy, trigeminal ganglionic latency and keratocyte permissivity. eighty-two percent of c.al-20 (igh-1d) mice, 40% of balb/cbyj (igh-1a) mice and 12% of the c.b-17 (igh-1b) mice developed herpes simplex keratitis (hsk) following corneal challenge with 2.5 x 10(4) pfu hsv-1 strain kos. while disease freq ... | 1988 | 3366566 |
| neural activity from the acutely infected hsv-1 rabbit cornea. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infections of the human cornea are often accompanied by abnormal sensations. in this study, a combination of physiological and structural methods was used to examine the innervation of the corneas of rabbits with hsv-1 lesions of varying severity. degeneration of the plexiform neural layer adjacent to dendritic lesions and surrounding normal neurology provided a basis for the limited physiological changes. extensive degeneration of the corneal innervation at a ... | 1988 | 3371066 |
| brain blotting: a method to detect multiple dna copies in specific brain regions. | we developed a method to detect multiple dna copies (both cellular and viral) in specific brain regions by blotting thick frozen sections onto nylon membranes. this was achieved by "printing" the frozen sections on standard blotting paper immediately after cryotome sectioning and performing blotting according to the standard southern technique. a "replica" of the blotted section was obtained by keeping on the glass slide the next frozen section cut, which was then stained for conventional histop ... | 1988 | 3403969 |
| the association between genital ulcer disease and acquisition of hiv infection in homosexual men. | we analyzed the association of herpes simplex virus (hsv) infection and syphilis, the two most common causes of genital ulceration in homosexual men, with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in 200 men enrolled between 1983 and 1986 into a study evaluating the microbial causes of acute proctitis. infection with hiv was independently associated with a history of syphilis, serologic evidence of syphilis, a history of hsv infection, and antibody to hsv-2. antibody to hiv was not associated ... | 1988 | 3404600 |
| cyclopentenylcytosine. a carbocyclic nucleoside with antitumor and antiviral properties. | cyclopentenylcytosine (cpe-c, 2), a pyrimidine analogue of the fermentation derived carbocyclic nucleoside neplanocin a, has been synthesized from the optically active cyclopentenylamine 3b by two synthetic routes. cpe-c demonstrates significant antitumor activity against both the sensitive and ara-c resistant lines of l1210 leukemia in vivo. multiple long term survivors are produced in both tumor models. the compound also gives 100% growth inhibition of the solid human a549 lung and mx-1 mammar ... | 1988 | 3411597 |
| induction of fc and c3b receptors on rabbit corneal cells by herpes simplex virus. | the expression of receptors for fc portion (fcr) of immunoglobulin g (igg) and for a c3b component of complement (c3br) by herpes simplex virus (hsv) was studied in primary cultures of rabbit corneal cells. monolayer cultures of epithelial, stromal and endothelial cells of the rabbit cornea were infected with three strains each of type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 hsv (hsv-2). rosette methods were used to detect receptors by means of sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit igg for fcr and c3b-coated s ... | 1988 | 3417420 |
| bmy-28190, a novel antiviral antibiotic complex. | bmy-28190, an antibiotic complex active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) was produced by the cultured broth of streptoalloteichus hindustanus sp. nov., a producing strain of tallysomycins a and b. the antibiotic complex was recovered from the broth with amberlite irc-50 resin and separated from the coproduced tallysomycins and nebramycins by a series of chromatographies. bmy-28190 exhibited weak inhibitory activity toward gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and strong inhibitory ... | 1988 | 3417557 |
| a quantitative bioassay for hiv-1 based on trans-activation. | a bioassay that is based on trans-activation has been developed for the detection and quantitation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). indicator cell lines were constructed that contain the hiv-1 long terminal repeat ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene. infection of these cells by hiv activates the expression of cat protein. isolates of hiv-1 with divergent nucleotide sequences activated the indicator cell lines to a similar extent, approximately 500- to 1 ... | 1988 | 3422113 |
| modulation of the defective natural killer activity seen in thalassaemia major with desferrioxamine and alpha-interferon. | we previously observed that natural killer (nk) activity toward k562 cells is markedly depressed in patients with beta-thalassaemia major. here we report that these patients also exhibit significantly decreased (p less than 0.005) nk cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts infected with herpes simplex virus-type 1 (hsv-1) and that the amount of alpha-interferon (alpha-ifn) generated during the latter assays is significantly less than normal (p less than 0.005). this decreased production of alpha- ... | 1987 | 3427826 |
| congenital infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. | we treated a newborn who had congenital herpes simplex virus (hsv) type 1 infection in which extensive skin lesions occurred with no evidence of involvement of other organs. the correct diagnosis was not made until the fifth day of life, but after effective treatment with intravenous acyclovir this child has remained in perfect health. at his last evaluation at age 18 months, he had no neurologic or ophthalmologic abnormalities. this report should alert pediatricians and dermatologists to the oc ... | 1987 | 3444785 |
| antiviral activity of phosphonylmethoxyalkyl derivatives of purine and pyrimidines. | various 3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl (hpmp) and 2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl (pme) derivatives of purine [adenine (a), guanine (g), 2,6-diaminopurine (dap), 2-monoaminopurine (map), hypoxanthine (hx)] and pyrimidine [cytosine (c), uracil (u), thymine (t)] have been evaluated for their antiviral properties. pmedap, (s)-hpmpa [and the cyclic phosphonate thereof, (s)-chpmpa)], (s)-hpmpc, pmeg, pmea, hpmpg and hpmpdap proved to be effective inhibitors of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and ty ... | 1987 | 3451698 |
| oral cancer induced in hamsters with herpes simplex infection and simulated snuff dipping. | a number of epidemiologic studies indicate that snuff dipping is associated with an increased incidence of oral cancer in human beings. since inactivated herpes simplex virus (hsv) has been shown to induce malignant changes in vitro and in vivo and is partially inactivated by snuff water extract, we examined the histopathologic changes of hamster buccal pouches after exposure to repeated hsv inoculation combined with long-term simulated snuff dipping. one hundred twenty-five syrian hamsters were ... | 1986 | 3462612 |
| a new look at experimental herpes simplex eye disease: preliminary results of clinical disease in the nih mouse after zosteriform spread. | following the discovery by tullo et al that herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1) can reach the eye by zosteriform spread after inoculation into the cutaneous field of the trigeminal ganglion, this model has been adapted to the nih strain of inbred mouse. clinical disease in the nih mouse after snout inoculation includes skin disease, mydriasis, iritis and keratitis. | 1986 | 3466461 |
| multiple oral and labial ulcers in an immunocompromised patient. | herpes simplex virus infections in immunocompromised individuals have clinical features that are often quite different from primary and secondary hsv infections in otherwise healthy people. these infections should be recognized early and treated promptly to prevent progression of the lesions and the possible systemic dissemination of the virus. cytological and biopsy examination frequently discloses changes characteristic of hsv-1, hsv-2, or varicella-zoster virus. to ensure the most precise dia ... | 1987 | 3469271 |
| recurrent herpes labialis in a military brass band. | 80-90% of the adult population is known to have neutralizing antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv1), of these 18-32% suffer from occasional recurrent herpes labialis (rhl). it is thought that local trigger factors as external traumata, uv-light and chemical stimuli, or systemic factors like fever or common cold, may induce rhl. the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of rhl in a military brass band and compare this with the frequency of the disease in a control po ... | 1987 | 3474766 |
| impaired natural killer cytotoxicity during recrudescence of recurrent herpes simplex virus type 1 infection. | we investigated natural killer (nk) cytotoxicity in patients with recurrent herpes infection by using k562 cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) as target. the nk cytotoxicity was lower than during convalescence and in controls during recrudescence (0 to 3 days postonset of clinical symptoms; p less than 0.001). in the convalescent phase (4 to 14 days postonset of symptoms) the nk cytotoxicity was significantly higher than in controls (p less than 0.05). these results suggest t ... | 1987 | 3480065 |
| therapy with 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) and 2'-deoxycoformycin increases the ara-a content of ocular tissues. | the amount of 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine (ara-a) and 9-beta-d-arabinofuranosylhypoxanthine (ara-hx) present in ocular tissues of rabbits was determined following therapy with ara-a alone and when ara-a was used in combination with 2'-deoxycoformycin (dcf). topical therapy was initiated three days after infection of the corneas of rabbits with herpes simplex virus type 1. ocular tissues were harvested after two days of therapy and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. combinat ... | 1986 | 3489583 |
| defective nk cell activity following thermal injury. | peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes (pbl) from thermal injury patients were examined for their ability to mediate natural killer (nk) cell activity against k562 tumour cells and against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) infected raji tumour cells. using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated monoclonal antibodies, the number of t3, t4, t8, leu11, and leu7 positive cells in pbl obtained from patients and normal controls was determined. thermal injury patients had decreased levels of t3+ cel ... | 1986 | 3493101 |