| fitness of transgenic anopheles stephensi mosquitoes expressing the sm1 peptide under the control of a vitellogenin promoter. | three transgenic anopheles stephensi lines were established that strongly inhibit transmission of the mouse malaria parasite plasmodium berghei. fitness of the transgenic mosquitoes was assessed based on life table analysis and competition experiments between transgenic and wild-type mosquitoes. life table analysis indicated low fitness load for the 2 single-insertion transgenic mosquito lines vd35 and vd26 and no load for the double-insertion transgenic mosquito line vd9. however, in cage exper ... | 2008 | 18334506 |
| infections with immunogenic trypanosomes reduce tsetse reproductive fitness: potential impact of different parasite strains on vector population structure. | the parasite trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and its insect vector glossina morsitans morsitans were used to evaluate the effect of parasite clearance (resistance) as well as the cost of midgut infections on tsetse host fitness. tsetse flies are viviparous and have a low reproductive capacity, giving birth to only 6-8 progeny during their lifetime. thus, small perturbations to their reproductive fitness can have a major impact on population densities. we measured the fecundity (number of larval p ... | 2008 | 18335067 |
| decision tree algorithms predict the diagnosis and outcome of dengue fever in the early phase of illness. | dengue is re-emerging throughout the tropical world, causing frequent recurrent epidemics. the initial clinical manifestation of dengue often is confused with other febrile states confounding both clinical management and disease surveillance. evidence-based triage strategies that identify individuals likely to be in the early stages of dengue illness can direct patient stratification for clinical investigations, management, and virological surveillance. here we report the identification of algor ... | 2008 | 18335069 |
| susceptibility of florida mosquitoes to infection with chikungunya virus. | chikungunya virus (chikv) has caused recent, large epidemics on islands in the indian ocean, raising the possibility of more widespread chikv epidemics. historically, chikv has been vectored by aedes aegypti, but these outbreaks likely also involved ae. albopictus. to examine the potential for an outbreak of chikv in florida, we determined the susceptibility to chikv of f1 ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus from florida. in addition, we also evaluated two well-characterized laboratory strains (rocke ... | 2008 | 18337338 |
| genetic relationships among aedes aegypti collections in venezuela as determined by mitochondrial dna variation and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms. | a population genetic analysis of gene flow was conducted among 619 aedes aegypti from nine collections distributed among six geographic regions of venezuela. genetic markers included a 387-basepair region of the mitochondrial nadh dehydrogenase 4 (nd4) gene and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) at 11 nuclear loci. genotypes at snp loci were identified using melting curve analysis. six different nd4 haplotypes were detected and patterns of variation suggested that collections were isolated b ... | 2008 | 18337347 |
| chikungunya epidemic: global and indian scenario. | chikungunya is a disease of zoonotic importance affecting man with non-human primates as a main reservoir. recently the world has seen its outbreaks in asia and africa affecting large population. the disease has re-emerged after 2 long decades. other part of the world reported it as a disease which is introduced through travelers. the known vectors of chikungunya are aedes mosquitoes, notably aedes aegypti and a. albopiticus. although, the people of rural areas are among more risk groups, the di ... | 2007 | 18338715 |
| the snmp/cd36 gene family in diptera, hymenoptera and coleoptera: drosophila melanogaster, d. pseudoobscura, anopheles gambiae, aedes aegypti, apis mellifera, and tribolium castaneum. | sensory neuron membrane proteins (snmps) are membrane bound proteins initially identified in olfactory receptor neurons of lepidoptera and are thought to play a role in odor detection; snmps belong to a larger gene family characterized by the human protein cd36. we have identified 12-14 candidate snmp/cd36 homologs from each of the genomes of drosophila melanogaster, d. pseudoobscura, anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti (diptera), eight candidate homologs from apis mellifera (hymenoptera), and 1 ... | 2008 | 18342246 |
| the enhancement of arbovirus transmission and disease by mosquito saliva is associated with modulation of the host immune response. | arthropod-borne (arbo-) viruses have emerged as a major human health concern. viruses transmitted by mosquitoes are the cause of the most serious and widespread arbovirus diseases worldwide and are ubiquitous in both feral and urban settings. arboviruses, including dengue and west nile virus, are injected into vertebrates within mosquito saliva during mosquito feeding. mosquito saliva contains anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that facilitate the acquisition of a ... | 2008 | 18342898 |
| a novel ml protein from manduca sexta may function as a key accessory protein for lipopolysaccharide signaling. | lipopolysaccharide (lps) present on the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria is one of the most important pathogen-associated molecular patterns and a potent elicitor in innate immunity. in human, tlr4 (toll-like receptor 4) and md-2 (myeloid differiation-2) form a receptor complex to transduce the lps signal into cells. however, in invertebrates, receptors that recognize lps have not been determined. here we report the purification, characterization and cdna cloning of an ml (md-2-related l ... | 2008 | 18343500 |
| aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae): monitoring of populations to improve control strategies in argentina. | to study the seasonal fluctuations of populations of aedes aegypti (l.), to improve control strategies, or to monitor chemical control interventions, a lightweight, inexpensive ovitrap made of black plastic, pail-shaped, stackable, and provided with a wood tongue depressor was used. field assays were performed in the northeast and northwest part of argentina. in a 1-year trial performed in tartagal (salta), almost 100% of the ovitraps were highly positive, collecting a total of 1,000/2,000 eggs ... | 2008 | 18344071 |
| the unbearable lightness of technocratic efforts at dengue control. | to identify key elements that should provide an added value and assure sustainable effects of the deployment of technical tools for aedes aegypti control. | 2008 | 18346029 |
| proteomic analysis of the ehv-86 virion. | emiliania huxleyi virus 86 (ehv-86) is the type species of the genus coccolithovirus within the family phycodnaviridae. the fully sequenced 407,339 bp genome is predicted to encode 473 protein coding sequences (cdss) and is the largest phycodnaviridae sequenced to date. the majority of ehv-86 cdss exhibit no similarity to proteins in the public databases. | 2008 | 18346272 |
| high genetic stability of dengue virus propagated in mrc-5 cells as compared to the virus propagated in vero cells. | this work investigated the replication kinetics of the four dengue virus serotypes (den-1 to den-4), including dengue virus type 4 (den-4) recovered from an infectious cdna clone, in vero cells and in mrc-5 cells grown on cytodex 1 microcarriers. den-1 strain hawaii, den-2 strain ngc, den-3 strain h-87, and den-4 strain h-241 , and den-4 strain 814669 derived from cloned dna, were used to infect vero cells and mrc-5 cells grown in serum-free or serum-containing microcarrier cultures. serum-free ... | 2008 | 18350148 |
| defining challenges and proposing solutions for control of the virus vector aedes aegypti. | | 2008 | 18351798 |
| the malaria vector mosquito anopheles gambiae expresses a suite of larval-specific defensin genes. | cdnas of anopheles gambiae defensin 2 (agdef2), defensin 3 (agdef3) and defensin 4 (agdef4), identified in the genome sequence, have been characterized and their expression profiles investigated. in contrast to both typical defensins and insect antimicrobial peptides generally, the newly identified defensins were not upregulated with acute-phase kinetics following immune challenge in insects or cell culture. however, mrna abundance of agdef2, agdef3 and agdef4 increased significantly during the ... | 2008 | 18353100 |
| identification of odorant-binding proteins of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti: genome annotation and comparative analyses. | the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti is an important human health pest which vectors yellow fever and dengue viruses. olfaction plays a crucial role in its attraction to hosts and although the molecular basis of this is not well understood it is likely that odorant-binding proteins (obps) are involved in the first step of molecular recognition. based on the obps of drosophila melanogaster and anopheles gambiae we have defined sequence motifs based on obp conserved cysteine and developed an al ... | 2008 | 18353104 |
| expression of a mutated phospholipase a2 in transgenic aedes fluviatilis mosquitoes impacts plasmodium gallinaceum development. | the genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors is an alternative strategy in the fight against malaria. it was previously shown that bee venom phospholipase a2 (pla2) inhibits ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut although mosquito fitness was reduced. to maintain the pla2 blocking ability without compromising mosquito biology, we mutated the protein-coding sequence to inactivate the enzyme while maintaining the protein's structure. dna encoding the mutated pla2 (mpla2) was placed downstream of ... | 2008 | 18353106 |
| piggybac can bypass dna synthesis during cut and paste transposition. | dna synthesis is considered a defining feature in the movement of transposable elements. in determining the mechanism of piggybac transposition, an insect transposon that is being increasingly used for genome manipulation in a variety of systems including mammalian cells, we have found that dna synthesis can be avoided during piggybac transposition, both at the donor site following transposon excision and at the insertion site following transposon integration. we demonstrate that piggybac transp ... | 2008 | 18354502 |
| the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the development and physiology of gametes and preimplantation embryos. | in several species, a family of nuclear receptors, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (ppars) composed of three isotypes, is expressed in somatic cells and germ cells of the ovary as well as the testis. invalidation of these receptors in mice or stimulation of these receptors in vivo or in vitro showed that each receptor has physiological roles in the gamete maturation or the embryo development. in addition, synthetic ppar gamma ligands are recently used to induce ovulation in women ... | 2008 | 18354728 |
| aedes aegypti uses rna interference in defense against sindbis virus infection. | rna interference (rnai) is an important anti-viral defense mechanism. the aedes aegypti genome encodes rnai component orthologs, however, most populations of this mosquito are readily infected by, and subsequently transmit flaviviruses and alphaviruses. the goal of this study was to use ae. aegypti as a model system to determine how the mosquito's anti-viral rnai pathway interacts with recombinant sindbis virus (sinv; family togaviridae, genus alphavirus). | 2008 | 18366655 |
| the evolution of core proteins involved in microrna biogenesis. | micrornas (mirnas) are a recently discovered class of non-coding rnas (ncrnas) which play important roles in eukaryotic gene regulation. mirna biogenesis and activation is a complex process involving multiple protein catalysts and involves the large macromolecular rnai silencing complex or risc. while phylogenetic analyses of mirna genes have been previously published, the evolution of mirna biogenesis itself has been little studied. in order to better understand the origin of mirna processing i ... | 2008 | 18366743 |
| developing new approaches for detecting and preventing aedes aegypti population outbreaks: basis for surveillance, alert and control system. | a new approach to dengue vector surveillance based on permanent egg-collection using a modified ovitrap and bacillus thuringiensis israelensis(bti) was evaluated in different urban landscapes in recife, northeast brazil. from april 2004 to april 2005, 13 egg-collection cycles of four weeks were carried out. geo-referenced ovitraps containing grass infusion, bti and three paddles were placed at fixed sampling stations distributed over five selected sites. continuous egg-collections yielded more t ... | 2008 | 18368236 |
| diversity of bacterial communities in container habitats of mosquitoes. | we investigated the bacterial diversity of microbial communities in water-filled, human-made and natural container habitats of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in suburban landscapes of new orleans, louisiana in 2003. we collected water samples from three classes of containers, including tires (n = 12), cemetery urns (n = 23), and miscellaneous containers that included two tree holes (n = 19). total genomic dna was extracted from water samples, and 16s ribosomal dna fragments (o ... | 2008 | 18373113 |
| vector competence of aedes aegypti populations from senegal for sylvatic and epidemic dengue 2 virus isolated in west africa. | vector competence of aedes aegypti populations from six locations in different bioclimatic zones and habitats of senegal was assessed for sylvatic (ard 140875) and epidemic (ara 6894) dengue 2 virus (denv-2) isolates. f1 generation mosquitoes were fed with a blood meal containing 10(6.5) and 1.6 x 10(7) tissue culture infectious dose (tcid50) of the sylvatic denv-2 isolate or 10(6.5) tcid50 of the epidemic isolate and incubated for 14 days. after this period, legs and wings of each individual we ... | 2008 | 18378270 |
| unusual productivity of aedes aegypti in septic tanks and its implications for dengue control. | increased den-2 virus transmission in puerto rico during 2005 prompted the implementation of a rapid intervention programme to suppress aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) emergence, which in turn lead to the discovery of previously unknown breeding sites underground. initially, the following control measures were applied in playa/playita (pp), a town of 1,400 households, to all areas where the number of pupae per person exceeded the expected threshold for dengue transmission; all containers ... | 2008 | 18380655 |
| malaria: progress, perils, and prospects for eradication. | there are still approximately 500 million cases of malaria and 1 million deaths from malaria each year. yet recently, malaria incidence has been dramatically reduced in some parts of africa by increasing deployment of anti-mosquito measures and new artemisinin-containing treatments, prompting renewed calls for global eradication. however, treatment and mosquito control currently depend on too few compounds and thus are vulnerable to the emergence of compound-resistant parasites and mosquitoes. a ... | 2008 | 18382739 |
| internalization of ldl-receptor superfamily yolk-protein receptors during mosquito oogenesis involves transcriptional regulation of ptb-domain adaptors. | in the anautogenous disease vector mosquitoes anopheles gambiae and aedes aegypti, egg development is nutritionally controlled. a blood meal permits further maturation of developmentally repressed previtellogenic egg chambers. this entails massive storage of extraovarian yolk precursors by the oocyte, which occurs through a burst of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. yolk precursors are concentrated at clathrin-coated structures on the oolemma by two endocytic receptors, the vitellogenin and lipopho ... | 2008 | 18388314 |
| an insulin-like peptide regulates egg maturation and metabolism in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | ingestion of vertebrate blood is essential for egg maturation and transmission of disease-causing parasites by female mosquitoes. prior studies with the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, indicated blood feeding stimulates egg production by triggering the release of hormones from medial neurosecretory cells in the mosquito brain. the ability of bovine insulin to stimulate a similar response further suggested this trigger is an endogenous insulin-like peptide (ilp). a. aegypti encodes eight pr ... | 2008 | 18391205 |
| spatial and temporal dynamics of dengue fever in peru: 1994-2006. | summarythe weekly number of dengue cases in peru, south america, stratified by province for the period 1994-2006 were analysed in conjunction with associated demographic, geographic and climatological data. estimates of the reproduction number, moderately correlated with population size (spearman rho=0.28, p=0.03), had a median of 1.76 (iqr 0.83-4.46). the distributions of dengue attack rates and epidemic durations follow power-law (pareto) distributions (coefficient of determination >85%, p<0.0 ... | 2008 | 18394264 |
| dengue virus type 4, manaus, brazil. | we report dengue virus type 4 (denv-4) in amazonas, brazil. this virus was isolated from serum samples of 3 patients treated at a tropical medicine reference center in manaus. all 3 cases were confirmed by serologic and molecular tests; 1 patient was co-infected with denv-3 and denv-4. | 2008 | 18394292 |
| chemical compositions and larvicidal activities of leaf essential oils from two eucalyptus species. | in the current study, the mosquito larvicidal activity of leaf essential oils and their constituents from two eucalyptus species (eucalyptus camaldulensis and eucalyptus urophylla) against two mosquito species, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, was investigated. in addition, the chemical compositions of the leaf essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. results from the larvicidal tests revealed that essential oil from the leaves of e. camaldulensis had an excell ... | 2009 | 18396398 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of two invertebrate-type lysozymes from anopheles gambiae. | we sequenced and characterized two novel invertebrate-type lysozymes from the mosquito anopheles gambiae. alignment and phylogenetic analysis of these and a number of related insect proteins identified through bioinformatics strategies showed a high degree of conservation of this protein family throughout the class insecta. expression profiles were examined for the two mosquito genes through semiquantitative and real-time pcr analysis. lys i-1 transcripts were found in adult females in the fat b ... | 2008 | 18397277 |
| distribution and seasonality of vertically transmitted dengue viruses in aedes mosquitoes in arid and semi-arid areas of rajasthan, india. | transovarial transmission of dengue virus is a crucial etiological phenomenon responsible for persistence of virus during inter-epidemic period of the disease. distribution and seasonality of this phenomenon in disease endemic areas may contribute to explain emergence of dengue and its subsequent prevention. the study on seasonal and area distribution of transovarial transmission of dengue virus in aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus and ae. vittatus has been made in desert and non-desert districts of ... | 2008 | 18399318 |
| cytological properties of an aedes albopictus mosquito cell line infected with wolbachia strain walbb. | in vitro production of the obligate intracellular bacterium, wolbachia pipientis, is essential to its manipulation as a genetic tool to spread transgenes within vector populations. we have adapted the wolbachia-infected aa23 aedes albopictus mosquito cell line to eagle's minimal medium, supplemented with nonessential amino acids, glutamine, and 20% fetal bovine serum. when plated at low densities, aa23e cells grew as patchy monolayers, comprised of non-contiguous clusters of cells that gave rise ... | 2008 | 18401667 |
| bloodmeal-induced differential gene expression in the disease vector culex nigripalpus (diptera: culicidae). | we have characterized gene expression changes in the midgut tissue of culex nigripalpus theobold (diptera: culicidae) females, after they ingest a bloodmeal, by differential display of rna isolated from pre- and postfeeding females. seventy-two cdna fragments exhibiting reproducible differences were observed. of these, 22 showed an increase in gene expression and 50 showed a decrease in gene expression as a result of blood feeding. eleven cdna fragments exhibiting increased expression after a bl ... | 2008 | 18402149 |
| a stable isotope dual-labelling approach to detect multiple insemination in un-irradiated and irradiated anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. | abstract: | 2008 | 18402666 |
| relative susceptibility of some common mosquito vector larvae to synthetic insecticidal compounds in north-western rajasthan. | relative susceptibility of three important mosquito vector larvae viz., anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, prevalent in the arid region was determined against four organophosphates (malathion, fenitrothion, fenthion, temephos) and three synthetic pyrethroid (alphamethrin, deltamethrin and fanvalerate) compounds. studies were carried out on late 3rd or early 4th instar larvae of these species using standard who technique. based on concentration mortality data lc50 and ... | 2007 | 18405120 |
| developmental expression patterns of cuticular protein genes with the r&r consensus from anopheles gambiae. | cpr proteins are the largest cuticular protein family in arthropods. the whole genome sequence of anopheles gambiae revealed 156 genes that code for proteins with the r&r consensus and named cprs. this protein family can be divided into rr-1 and rr-2 subgroups, postulated to contribute to different regions of the cuticle. we determined the temporal expression patterns of these genes throughout post-embryonic development by means of real-time qrt-pcr. based on expression profiles, these genes wer ... | 2008 | 18405829 |
| anopheles gambiae cadherin agcad1 binds the cry4ba toxin of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis and a fragment of agcad1 synergizes toxicity. | a midgut cadherin agcad1 cdna was cloned from anopheles gambiae larvae and analyzed for its possible role as a receptor for the cry4ba toxin of bacillus thuringiensis strain israelensis. the agcad1 cadherin encodes a putative 1735-residue protein organized into an extracellular region of 11 cadherin repeats (cr) and a membrane-proximal extracellular domain (mped). agcad1 mrna was detected in midgut of larvae by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the agcad1 protein was localized, by immunochemistry ... | 2008 | 18407662 |
| [aedes albopictus, vector of chikungunya and dengue viruses in reunion island: biology and control]. | chikungunya virus (chikv) and dengue virus (denv) are mosquito-borne viruses transmitted by the aedes genus. dengue is considered as the most important arbovirus disease throughout the world. chikungunya, known from epidemics in continental africa and asia, has up to now been poorly studied. it has been recently responsible for the severe 2004-2007 epidemic reported in the indian ocean (io), which has caused several serious health and economic problems. this unprecedented epidemic of the io has ... | 2008 | 18416242 |
| ecological immunology of mosquito-malaria interactions. | more than a century after the discovery of the complex life cycle of its causative agent, malaria remains a major health problem. understanding mosquito-malaria interactions could lead to breakthroughs in malaria control. novel strategies, such as the design of transgenic mosquitoes refractory to plasmodium, or design of human vaccines emulating mosquito resistance to the parasite, require extensive knowledge of processes involved in immune responses and of microevolutionary mechanisms that crea ... | 2008 | 18424235 |
| impact of moisture on survival of aedes aegypti eggs and ovicidal activity of metarhizium anisopliae under laboratory conditions. | the effect of relative humidity (43%, 75%, 86% and > 98%) on aedes aegypti eggs treated with metarhizium anisopliae or water only was tested for up to a six months exposure at 25 degrees c. survival of larvae inside eggs was clearly affected by the lowest humidity (43%) tested, and eclosion diminished at all humidities after increasing periods of exposure. m. anisopliae showed to have a strong ovicidal activity only at humidity close to saturation. no difference of activity was found between con ... | 2008 | 18425277 |
| the molecular and cellular basis of olfactory-driven behavior in anopheles gambiae larvae. | the mosquito anopheles gambiae is the principal afrotropical vector for human malaria. a central component of its vectorial capacity is the ability to maintain sufficient populations of adults. during both adult and preadult (larval) stages, the mosquitoes depend on the ability to recognize and respond to chemical cues that mediate feeding and survival. in this study, we used a behavioral assay to identify a range of odorant-specific responses of an. gambiae larvae that are dependent on the inte ... | 2008 | 18427108 |
| antifeedant and larvicidal effects of plant extracts against spodoptera litura (f.), aedes aegypti l. and culex quinquefasciatus say. | a screening for larvicidal activity of plant extracts with some known medicinal attributes could lead to the discovery of new agents for pest and vector control. in the backdrop of recent revival of interest in developing plant-based insecticides, the present study was carried out to evaluate the larvicidal properties in three medicinal plants growing abundantly in the region of chitheri hills, dharmapuri district, india. antifeedant and larvicidal activity of the acetone, chloroform, ethyl acet ... | 2008 | 18437424 |
| laboratory evaluation of cyromazine against insecticide-susceptible and -resistant mosquito larvae. | in this study, the activity of cyromazine was evaluated following who standard procedures against susceptible and resistant mosquito strains of anopheles gambiae, culex quinquefasciatus, and aedes aegypti. the dose for 50% and 90% inhibition of adult emergence (ie50 and ie90) ranged from 0.028 mg/liter to 0.17 mg/liter and from 0.075 mg/liter to 0.42 mg/liter, respectively. the effects of cyromazine were closer to that of chitin synthesis inhibitors rather than that of juvenile hormone analogues ... | 2008 | 18437826 |
| use of a commercial enzyme immunoassay to monitor dengue virus replication in cultured cells. | current methods for dengue virus quantitation are either time consuming, technically demanding or costly. as an alternative, the commercial enzyme immunoassay platelia dengue ns1 ag (bio-rad laboratories) was used to monitor semiquantitatively dengue virus replication in cultured cells. the presence of ns1 protein was evaluated in supernatants from vero and c6/36 ht cells infected with dengue virus. the amount of ns1 detected in the supernatants of infected cells was proportional to the initial ... | 2008 | 18439289 |
| genome sequence surveys of brachiola algerae and edhazardia aedis reveal microsporidia with low gene densities. | microsporidia are well known models of extreme nuclear genome reduction and compaction. the smallest microsporidian genomes have received the most attention, but genomes of different species range in size from 2.3 mb to 19.5 mb and the nature of the larger genomes remains unknown. | 2008 | 18445287 |
| insulin signaling and foxo regulate the overwintering diapause of the mosquito culex pipiens. | the short day lengths of late summer program the mosquito culex pipiens to enter a reproductive diapause characterized by an arrest in ovarian development and the sequestration of huge fat reserves. we suggest that insulin signaling and foxo (forkhead transcription factor), a downstream molecule in the insulin signaling pathway, mediate the diapause response. when we used rnai to knock down expression of the insulin receptor in nondiapausing mosquitoes (those reared under long day lengths) the p ... | 2008 | 18448677 |
| crosstalk between coagulation and inflammation during dengue virus infection. | dengue fever is the most prevalent viral disease transmitted by vectors (aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus) in worldwide. more than 100 million cases occur annually with a mortality rate of 5% and no safe vaccine is available. the pathogenesis of dengue, where host and viral factors participate in the establishment of dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) and dengue shock syndrome (dss) remains unresolved. clinical observations have revealed significant abnormalities in coagulation and inflammation syst ... | 2008 | 18449425 |
| silencing an anopheles gambiae catalase and sulfhydryl oxidase increases mosquito mortality after a blood meal. | catalase is a potent antioxidant, likely involved in post-blood meal homeostasis in mosquitoes. this enzyme breaks down h2o2, preventing the formation of the hydroxyl radical (ho*). quiescins are newly classified sulfhydryl oxidases that bear a thioredoxin motif at the n-terminal and an erv1-like portion at the c-terminal. these proteins have a major role in generating disulfides in intra- or extracellular environments, and thus participate in redox reactions. in the search for molecules to serv ... | 2008 | 18454489 |
| wolbachia infection alters olfactory-cued locomotion in drosophila spp. | wolbachia pipientis is an endosymbiotic bacterium present in diverse insect species. although it is well studied for its dramatic effects on host reproductive biology, little is known about its effects on other aspects of host biology, despite its presence in a wide array of host tissues. this study examined the effects of three wolbachia strains on two different drosophila species, using a laboratory performance assay for insect locomotion in response to olfactory cues. the results demonstrate ... | 2008 | 18456851 |
| synergy and specificity of two na+-aromatic amino acid symporters in the model alimentary canal of mosquito larvae. | the nutrient amino acid transporter (nat) subfamily is the largest subdivision of the sodium neurotransmitter symporter family (snf; also known as slc6; hugo). there are seven members of the nat population in the african malaria mosquito anopheles gambiae, two of which, agnat6 and agnat8, preferably transport indole- and phenyl-branched substrates, respectively. the relative expression and distribution of these aromatic nats were examined with transporter-specific antibodies in xenopus oocytes a ... | 2008 | 18456887 |
| evaluation of mosquito densoviruses for controlling aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae): variation in efficiency due to virus strain and geographic origin of mosquitoes. | four mosquito densovirus strains were assayed for mortality and infectivity against aedes aegypti larvae from different geographic regions. the viral titers were quantified by real-time pcr using taqman technology. firstinstar larvae were exposed to the same titer of each densovirus strain for 48 hours. all strains of densoviruses exhibited larvicidal activity and caused more than 80% mortality and infectivity in the three mosquito strains. aaldnv-exposed larvae had the highest mortality rate. t ... | 2008 | 18458314 |
| arbovirus evolution in vivo is constrained by host alternation. | the intrinsic plasticity of rna viruses can facilitate host range changes that lead to epidemics. however, evolutionary processes promoting cross-species transfers are poorly defined, especially for arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). in theory, cross species transfers by arboviruses may be constrained by their alternating infection of disparate hosts, where optimal replication in one host involves a fitness tradeoff for the other. accordingly, freeing arboviruses from alternate replication v ... | 2008 | 18458341 |
| evolutionary insights into the unique electromotility motor of mammalian outer hair cells. | prestin (slc26a5) is the molecular motor responsible for cochlear amplification by mammalian cochlea outer hair cells and has the unique combined properties of energy-independent motility, voltage sensitivity, and speed of cellular shape change. the ion transporter capability, typical of slc26a members, was exchanged for electromotility function and is a newly derived feature of the therian cochlea. a putative minimal essential motif for the electromotility motor (meem) was identified through th ... | 2008 | 18460092 |
| the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis induces the expression of host antioxidant proteins in an aedes albopictus cell line. | wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria which commonly infect arthropods. they are maternally inherited and capable of altering host development, sex determination, and reproduction. reproductive manipulations include feminization, male-killing, parthenogenesis, and cytoplasmic incompatibility. the mechanism by which wolbachia avoid destruction by the host immune response is unknown. generation of antimicrobial peptides (amps) and reactive oxygen species (ros) by the host are among the fir ... | 2008 | 18461124 |
| functional characterization of hfr1, a high-mannose n-glycan-specific wheat lectin induced by hessian fly larvae. | we previously cloned and characterized a novel jacalin-like lectin gene from wheat (triticum aestivum) plants that responds to infestation by hessian fly (mayetiola destructor) larvae, a major dipteran pest of this crop. the infested resistant plants accumulated higher levels of hfr-1 (for hessian fly-responsive gene 1) transcripts compared with uninfested or susceptible plants. here, we characterize the soluble and active recombinant his(6)-hfr1 protein isolated from escherichia coli. functiona ... | 2008 | 18467454 |
| immunogenicity of novel consensus-based dna vaccines against chikungunya virus. | chikungunya virus (chikv) is an emerging arbovirus and is an important human pathogen. infection of humans by chikv can cause a syndrome characterized by fever, headache, rash, nausea, vomiting, myalgia, arthralgia and occasionally neurological manifestations such as acute limb weakness. it is also associated with a fatal haemorrhagic condition. chikv is geographically distributed from africa through southeast asia and south america, and its transmission to humans is mainly through the aedes aeg ... | 2008 | 18471943 |
| glycogen branching enzyme: a novel deltamethrin resistance-associated gene from culex pipiens pallens. | the glycogen branching enzyme (gbe) gene has been cloned from culex pipiens pallens. an open reading frame of 2,070 bp was found to encode a putative 689 amino acid protein. the deduced amino acid sequence shares 82% and 60% identity with gbe genes from aedes aegypti and homo sapiens. transcript expression of gbe was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in deltamethrin-susceptible and deltamethrin-resistant strains of the culex mosquito. the results demonstrated that this gene has 1 ... | 2008 | 18473149 |
| a cysteine protease is critical for babesia spp. transmission in haemaphysalis ticks. | vector ticks possess a unique system that enables them to digest large amounts of host blood and to transmit various animal and human pathogens, suggesting the existence of evolutionally acquired proteolytic mechanisms. we report here the molecular and reverse genetic characterization of a multifunctional cysteine protease, longipain, from the babesial parasite vector tick haemaphysalis longicornis. longipain shares structural similarity with papain-family cysteine proteases obtained from invert ... | 2008 | 18483546 |
| conserved mosquito/parasite interactions affect development of plasmodium falciparum in africa. | in much of sub-saharan africa, the mosquito anopheles gambiae is the main vector of the major human malaria parasite, plasmodium falciparum. convenient laboratory studies have identified mosquito genes that affect positively or negatively the developmental cycle of the model rodent parasite, p. berghei. here, we use transcription profiling and reverse genetics to explore whether five disparate mosquito gene regulators of p. berghei development are also pertinent to a. gambiae/p. falciparum inter ... | 2008 | 18483558 |
| the cry48aa-cry49aa binary toxin from bacillus sphaericus exhibits highly restricted target specificity. | the cry48aa/cry49aa binary toxin of bacillus sphaericus was recently discovered by its ability to kill culex quinquefasciatus mosquito larvae through a novel interaction between its two components. we have investigated the target specificity of this toxin and show it to be non-toxic to coleopteran, lepidopteran and other dipteran insects, including closely related aedes and anopheles mosquitoes. this represents an unusually restricted target range for crystal toxins from either b. sphaericus or ... | 2008 | 18484999 |
| the microneme proteins ctrp and soap are not essential for plasmodium berghei ookinete to oocyst transformation in vitro in a cell free system. | two plasmodium berghei ookinete micronemal proteins, circumsporozoite and trap related protein (ctrp) and secreted ookinete adhesive protein (soap) both interact with the basal lamina component laminin. following gene disruption studies it has been proposed that, apart from their role in motility, these proteins may be required for interactions leading to ookinete-to-oocyst transformation. | 2008 | 18489758 |
| polarized light and oviposition site selection in the yellow fever mosquito: no evidence for positive polarotaxis in aedes aegypti. | aquatic insects and insects associated with water use horizontally polarized light (i.e., positive polarotaxis) to detect potential aquatic or moist oviposition sites. mosquitoes lay their eggs onto wet substrata, in water, water-filled tree/rock holes, or man-made small containers/bottles/old tyres containing water. until now it has remained unknown whether mosquitoes are polarotactic or not. the knowledge how mosquitoes locate water would be important to develop new control measures against th ... | 2008 | 18490043 |
| [population dynamics of the immature stages of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), vector of dengue: a longitudinal study (1996-2000)]. | a four year study was conducted on a natural population of immature stages of aedes aegypti after the re-invasion of argentina by this vector in 1987. thirty six plastic containers with 700 ml of dechlorinated water were placed in the la plata zoological garden, la plata, argentina. a strip of filter paper around each container was added to facilitate egg counting. eggs, larvae and pupae were counted weekly in each container from september, 1996 to august, 2000. after egg counting, papers were s ... | 2006 | 18491640 |
| stable isotope analysis can potentially identify completely-digested bloodmeals in mosquitoes. | vertebrate bloodfeeding is a critical component of a mosquito's ability to transmit pathogens that cause diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and viral encephalitis. due to degradation by the digestive process, current methods to identify mosquito bloodmeal sources are only useful for approximately 36 hours post-feeding. a critical need exists for technologies to extend this window and gain a more complete picture of mosquito feeding behavior for epidemiological studies. stable isotopes are us ... | 2008 | 18493314 |
| characterization of the antigen distribution and tissue tropisms of three phenotypically distinct yellow fever virus variants in orally infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | arbovirus dissemination from the midgut of a vector mosquito is a critical step in facilitating virus transmission to a susceptible host. we previously characterized the genetic determinants of yellow fever virus (yfv) dissemination from the aedes aegypti mosquito midgut using 2 genetically and phenotypically distinct strains of yfv: the wild-type, disseminating yfv asibi strain and the attenuated, midgut-restricted yfv 17d vaccine strain. we examined the process of viral dissemination in yfv-in ... | 2008 | 18494601 |
| comparative analysis of full genomic sequences among different genotypes of dengue virus type 3. | although the previous study demonstrated the envelope protein of dengue viruses is under purifying selection pressure, little is known about the genetic differences of full-length viral genomes of denv-3. in our study, complete genomic sequencing of denv-3 strains collected from different geographical locations and isolation years were determined and the sequence diversity as well as selection pressure sites in the denv genome other than within the e gene were also analyzed. | 2008 | 18495043 |
| sequence analysis of a non-classified, non-occluded dna virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy of musca domestica, mdsghv. | the genome of the virus that causes salivary gland hypertrophy in musca domestica (mdsghv) was sequenced. this non-classified, enveloped, double stranded, circular dna virus had a 124,279bp genome. the g + c content was 43.5% with 108 putative methionine-initiated open reading frames (orfs). thirty orfs had homology to database proteins: eleven to proteins coded by both baculoviruses and nudiviruses (p74, pif-1, pif-2, pif-3, odv-e66, rr1, rr2, iap, dutpase, mmp, and ac81-like), seven to nudivir ... | 2008 | 18495197 |
| nature limits filarial transmission. | abstract: lymphatic filariasis, caused by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and b. timori is a public health problem of considerable magnitude of the tropics and subtropics. presently 1.3 billion people are at risk of lymphatic filariasis (lf) infection and about 120 million people are affected in 83 countries. in this context it is worth mentioning that 'nature' itself limits filarial transmission to a great extent in a number of ways such as by reducing vector populations, parasitic load and ... | 2008 | 18500974 |
| molecular evolution of cide family proteins: novel domain formation in early vertebrates and the subsequent divergence. | cide family proteins including cidea, cideb and cidec/fsp27, contain an n-terminal cide-n domain that shares sequence similarity to the n-terminal cad domain (ncd) of dna fragmentation factors dffa/dff45/icad and dffb/dff40/cad, and a unique c-terminal cide-c domain. we have previously shown that cide proteins are newly emerged regulators closely associated with the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes and liver steatosis. they modulate many metabolic processes such as lip ... | 2008 | 18500987 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression of micrornas from the asian malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | micrornas (mirnas) are non-coding rnas that are now recognized as a major class of gene-regulating molecules widely distributed in metozoans and plants. mirnas have been found to play important roles in apoptosis, cancer, development, differentiation, inflammation, longevity, and viral infection. there are a few reports describing mirnas in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae, on the basis of similarity to known mirnas from other species. an. stephensi is the most important malaria v ... | 2008 | 18500992 |
| west nile virus infection of drosophila melanogaster induces a protective rnai response. | to determine if west nile virus (wnv) infection of insect cells induces a protective rnai response, drosophila melanogaster s2 and aedes albopictus c6/36 cells were infected with wnv, and the production of wnv-homologous small rnas was assayed as an indicator of rnai induction. a distinct population of approximately 25 nt wnv-homologous small rnas was detected in infected s2 cells but not c6/36 cells. rnai knockdown of argonaute 2 in s2 cells resulted in slightly increased susceptibility to wnv ... | 2008 | 18501400 |
| ires-dependent replication of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus makes it highly attenuated and incapable of replicating in mosquito cells. | the development of infectious cdna for different alphaviruses opened an opportunity to explore their attenuation by extensively modifying the viral genomes, an approach that might minimize or exclude the reversion to the wild-type, pathogenic phenotype. moreover, the genomes of such alphaviruses can be engineered to contain rna elements that would be functional only in cells of vertebrate, but not insect, origin. in the present study, we developed a recombinant veev that is more attenuated than ... | 2008 | 18501401 |
| multiple functions of an odorant-binding protein in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | to prevent spreading of deadly diseases, populations of mosquitoes can be controlled by interfering with their chemical communication system. odorant-binding proteins, recently shown to be required for olfaction, represent interesting targets for such purpose. here we describe the ligand-binding properties and the unusual tissue expression of odorant-binding protein 22 from the repertoire of aedes aegypti. best ligands are molecules with two aromatic rings connected by a short rigid chain. the p ... | 2008 | 18502197 |
| genetic and functional characterization of the type iv secretion system in wolbachia. | a type iv secretion system (t4ss) is used by many symbiotic and pathogenic intracellular bacteria for the successful infection of and survival, proliferation, and persistence within hosts. in this study, the presence and function of the t4ss in wolbachia strains were investigated by a combination of genetic screening and immunofluorescence microscopy. two operons of virb-vird4 loci were found in the genome of wolbachia pipientis strain watab3, from the hymenoptera asobara tabida, and strain wri, ... | 2008 | 18502862 |
| assessment of efficiency of repellent formulations with n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide in laboratory conditions. | the affinity of n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide) (deet) for various polymers that are potential inert carriers (peg, pvp, nacmc, paa) was studied. mixtures of deet and the polymers were prepared and analysed for deet vapour release using head space analysis. polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) showed the highest affinity for deet. several insect repellent formulations in the form of a hydrogel, an o/w cream and a stick were prepared with 5% w/w deet and either 1% w/w or no pvp. the release of deet from the formu ... | 1999 | 18505525 |
| synthesis and bioassay of improved mosquito repellents predicted from chemical structure. | mosquito repellency data on acylpiperidines derived from the u.s. department of agriculture archives were modeled by using molecular descriptors calculated by codessa pro software. an artificial neural network model was developed for the correlation of these archival results and used to predict the repellent activity of novel compounds of similar structures. a series of 34 promising n-acylpiperidine mosquito repellent candidates (4a-4q') were synthesized by reactions of acylbenzotriazoles 2a-2p ... | 2008 | 18508970 |
| gene silencing in phlebotomine sand flies: xanthine dehydrogenase knock down by dsrna microinjections. | lutzomyia longipalpis are vectors of medically important visceral leishmaniasis in south america. blood-fed adult females digest large amounts of protein, and xanthine dehydrogenase is thought to be a key enzyme involved in protein catabolism through the production of urate. large amounts of heme are also released during digestion with potentially damaging consequences, as heme can generate oxygen radicals that damage lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. however, urate is an antioxidant that may ... | 2008 | 18510977 |
| extensive gene amplification and concerted evolution within the cpr family of cuticular proteins in mosquitoes. | annotation of the anopheles gambiae genome has revealed a large increase in the number of genes encoding cuticular proteins with the rebers and riddiford consensus (the cpr gene family) relative to drosophila melanogaster. this increase reflects an expansion of the rr-2 group of cpr genes, particularly the amplification of sets of highly similar paralogs. patterns of nucleotide variation indicate that extensive concerted evolution is occurring within these clusters. the pattern of concerted evol ... | 2008 | 18510978 |
| comparative genomics supports a deep evolutionary origin for the large, four-module transcriptional mediator complex. | the multisubunit mediator (med) complex bridges dna-bound transcriptional regulators to the rna polymerase ii (polii) initiation machinery. in yeast, the 25 med subunits are distributed within three core subcomplexes and a separable kinase module composed of med12, med13 and the cdk8-cycc pair thought to control the reversible interaction between med and polii by phosphorylating repeated heptapeptides within the rpb1 carboxyl-terminal domain (ctd). here, med conservation has been investigated ac ... | 2008 | 18515835 |
| developmental expression of the alpha-skeletal actin gene. | actin is a cytoskeletal protein which exerts a broad range of functions in almost all eukaryotic cells. in higher vertebrates, six primary actin isoforms can be distinguished: alpha-skeletal, alpha-cardiac, alpha-smooth muscle, gamma-smooth muscle, beta-cytoplasmic and gamma-cytoplasmic isoactin. expression of these actin isoforms during vertebrate development is highly regulated in a temporal and tissue-specific manner, but the mechanisms and the specific differences are currently not well unde ... | 2008 | 18518953 |
| gene flow between domestic and sylvan populations of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in north cameroon. | polymorphisms at eight microsatellite loci and a fragment of the mitochondrial dna (mtdna)-nd4 gene were surveyed in aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera: culicidae) populations collected from six localities in north cameroon, with emphasis on comparing domestic versus sylvan populations. the microsatellites revealed significant genetic differentiation among sylvan populations, with mean f(st) = 0.066. domestic collections were genetically homogeneous (mean f(st) = 0.012). no pattern of isolation by dist ... | 2008 | 18533431 |
| larvicidal activity of sterol carrier protein-2 inhibitor in four species of mosquitoes. | a previous report has shown that mosquito sterol carrier protein-2 inhibitors (scpis) are larvicidal to larvae of the yellowfever mosquito, aedes aegypti (l.) (j. lipid res. 46: 650-657, 2005). in the current study, we tested scpi-1 in an additional four mosquito species for larvicidal activities: culex pipiens pipiens, anopheles gambiae, culex restuans, and aedes vexans. cholesterol accumulation in scpi-treated ae. aegypti fourth instars was examined. scpi-1 is lethal to all tested mosquito spe ... | 2008 | 18533437 |
| comparison of male reproductive success in malaria-refractory and susceptible strains of anopheles gambiae. | in female mosquitoes that transmit malaria, the benefits of being refractory to the plasmodium parasite are balanced by the immunity costs in the absence of infection. male mosquitoes, however, gain no advantage from being refractory to blood-transmitted parasites, so that any costs associated with an enhanced immune system in the males limit the evolution of female refractoriness and has practical implications for the release of transgenic males. | 2008 | 18534029 |
| silencing the genes for dopa decarboxylase or dopachrome conversion enzyme reduces melanization of foreign targets in anopheles gambiae. | the production of melanin is a complex biochemical process in which several enzymes may play a role. although phenoloxidase and serine proteases are clearly key components, the activity of other enzymes, including dopa decarboxylase and dopachrome conversion enzyme may also be required. we tested the effect of knockdown of gene expression for these two enzymes on melanization of abiotic targets in the mosquito, anopheles gambiae. knockdown of dopa decarboxylase and dopachrome conversion enzyme r ... | 2008 | 18534885 |
| the resting sites and blood-meal sources of anopheles minimus in taiwan. | the who declared taiwan free from malaria in 1965, but in 2003 the reporting of two introduced cases in a rural area suggested a possible local transmission of this disease. therefore, understanding the resting sites and the blood sources of anopheles minimus is crucial in order to provide information for implementing vector control strategies. | 2008 | 18538036 |
| identification of repeat structure in large genomes using repeat probability clouds. | the identification of repeat structure in eukaryotic genomes can be time-consuming and difficult because of the large amount of information ( approximately 3 x 10(9) bp) that needs to be processed and compared. we introduce a new approach based on exact word counts to evaluate, de novo, the repeat structure present within large eukaryotic genomes. this approach avoids sequence alignment and similarity search, two of the most time-consuming components of traditional methods for repeat identificat ... | 2008 | 18541131 |
| population genetics and phylogeography of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) from brazil. | population genetic analyses were conducted using samples of aedes aegypti from 14 localities in the north, southeast, northeast, and central regions of brazil. an 852-bp region of the mitochondrial dna cytochrome oxidase i (coi) gene was used in the analyses. ten haplotypes were observed, and cluster analyses revealed 2 groups (lineages) separated by 8 fixed mutations, suggesting that the brazilian ae. aegypti populations probably came from east and west africa, with evidence of multiple introdu ... | 2008 | 18541766 |
| evaluation of a sticky trap for collecting aedes (stegomyia) adults in a dengue-endemic area in thailand. | development of new operational techniques for collection and monitoring of adult stegomyia mosquitoes is considered a pressing need for surveillance and prevention of arboviruses. here we report the results from a trial carried out in 2 dengue-endemic villages in thailand to compare the ability to collect aedes adults of a sticky trap versus a cdc backpack aspirator, which has been used routinely at the study area for entomological/epidemiological surveys. our comparison was based on a comparabl ... | 2008 | 18541767 |
| diversity of aminopeptidases, derived from four lepidopteran gene duplications, and polycalins expressed in the midgut of helicoverpa armigera: identification of proteins binding the delta-endotoxin, cry1ac of bacillus thuringiensis. | helicoverpa armigera midgut proteins that bind the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxin cry1ac were purified by affinity chromatography. sds-page showed that several proteins were eluted with n-acetylgalactosamine and no further proteins were detected after elution with urea. tandem mass spectral data for tryptic peptides initially indicated that the proteins resembled aminopeptidases (apns) from other lepidopterans and cdna sequences for seven apns were isolated from h. armigera through ... | 2008 | 18549954 |
| scipio: using protein sequences to determine the precise exon/intron structures of genes and their orthologs in closely related species. | for many types of analyses, data about gene structure and locations of non-coding regions of genes are required. although a vast amount of genomic sequence data is available, precise annotation of genes is lacking behind. finding the corresponding gene of a given protein sequence by means of conventional tools is error prone, and cannot be completed without manual inspection, which is time consuming and requires considerable experience. | 2008 | 18554390 |
| natural selection on the drosophila antimicrobial immune system. | the evolutionary dynamics of immune defenses have long attracted interest because of the special role the immune system plays in mediating the antagonistic interaction between hosts and pathogens. the antimicrobial immune system of the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster is genetically well characterized and serves as a valuable model for studying insect and human innate immune defenses. i review here evolutionary and comparative genomic analyses of insect antimicrobial immune genes, with an empha ... | 2008 | 18555739 |
| a reverse transcriptase-pcr assay for detecting filarial infective larvae in mosquitoes. | existing molecular assays for filarial parasite dna in mosquitoes cannot distinguish between infected mosquitoes that contain any stage of the parasite and infective mosquitoes that harbor third stage larvae (l3) capable of establishing new infections in humans. we now report development of a molecular l3-detection assay for brugia malayi in vectors based on rt-pcr detection of an l3-activated gene transcript. | 2008 | 18560545 |
| a mouse-passaged dengue virus strain with reduced affinity for heparan sulfate causes severe disease in mice by establishing increased systemic viral loads. | the four serotypes of dengue virus (denv1 to denv4) cause extensive morbidity and mortality. a major obstacle to studying disease pathogenesis and developing therapies has been the lack of a small-animal model. we previously reported isolation of a denv2 strain, obtained by passaging a clinical isolate between mosquito cells and mice, that caused severe denv disease in mice and contained multiple mutations, including many in domain ii of the envelope (e) protein. here, we describe a recombinant ... | 2008 | 18562532 |
| development of a more efficient algorithm for identifying false-positive reactivity results in a dengue virus immunoglobulin m screening assay. | of 2,692 sera screened for dengue virus immunoglobulin m by using a mu-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), 954 had equivocal (index from 0.90 to 1.10) or positive (index of >1.10) results and were retested using a background subtraction (bs) elisa that identifies screen false positives. no false positives were found among 427 sera with screen elisa indices of >6.00; thus, retesting this specimen subset by bs elisa is unnecessary. | 2008 | 18562562 |
| genomic structure and expression of jmjd6 and evolutionary analysis in the context of related jmjc domain containing proteins. | the jumonji c (jmjc) domain containing gene 6 (jmjd6, previously known as phosphatidylserine receptor) has misleadingly been annotated to encode a transmembrane receptor for the engulfment of apoptotic cells. given the importance of jmjc domain containing proteins in controlling a wide range of diverse biological functions, we undertook a comparative genomic analysis to gain further insights in jmjd6 gene organisation, evolution, and protein function. | 2008 | 18564434 |
| control of mosquito vectors of tropical infectious diseases: (2) pyrethroid susceptibility of aedes aegypti ( l) collected from different sites in thailand. | four strains (ss, bs, a and b) of aedes aegypti collected from different sites in bangkok and at different times were examined for their pyrethroid susceptibility. mosquito coils containing dl, d-t80-allethrin, d, d-t-prallethrin and methoxymethyl-tetrafluorobenzyl tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (k-3050) with or without a synergist were tested by the 25 m3 semi-field test method. one strain (ss) was the most susceptible with kt50 values of about < 30 minutes for all mosquito coils, while th ... | 2008 | 18564707 |
| selective cytotoxic activity against leukemic cell lines from mosquitocidal bacillus thuringiensis parasporal inclusions. | the discovery of parasporin has triggered an interest in examining various bacillus thuringiensis (bt) isolates for specific anti-cancer activity. the aim of this study was to determine the potency and specificity of parasporal inclusions from malaysian mosquitocidal bt isolates against a leukemic cell line (cem-ss). the bt isolates used in this study were identified as having weak to potent larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti and varying hemolytic activity. the 12 mosquitocidal bt isolate ... | 2008 | 18564708 |
| control of mosquito vectors of tropical infectious diseases: (1) bioefficacy of mosquito coils containing several pyrethroids and a synergist. | the bioefficacy of mosquito coils containing several pyrethroids were tested in a 25 m3 room against culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti and anopheles dirus. the test results were compared with tests against culex pipiens pallens in japan. based on the kt50 values (the 50% knockdown time) of mosquito coils containing dl, d-t80-allethrin, d, d-t-prallethrin and methoxymethyl-tetrafluorobenzyl tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (k-3050) at doses of 0.05-0.5% (w/w) with or without a syne ... | 2008 | 18567443 |