| [comparison of susceptibilities for fosfomycin determined by various methods in clinical isolates in 2003 -2004]. | antimicrobial susceptibilities for fosfomycin (fom), cephalexin, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefditren, ampicillin, sulbactam/ampicillin, imipenem (ipm), panipenem, meropenem (mepm), biapenem, levofloxacin (lvfx), gatifloxacin, pazufloxacin, prulifloxacin and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were determined by an agar dilution method using mueller-hinton agar (mha) in escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp. and proteus mirabilis, which were isolated fr ... | 2007 | 17612258 |
| partial characterisation of the acrab locus in two citrobacter freundii clinical isolates. | we studied the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones in two citrobacter freundii strains (1.44 and 1.38) isolated from the same patient and belonging to the same clone by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. this study allowed partial characterisation of the acra and acrb genes of this microorganism. as previously reported, the two strains showed the same substitutions in the gyra and parc proteins (thr-83-->ile and asp-87-->tyr in gyra and ser-83-->ile in parc). however, differences were ob ... | 2007 | 17631985 |
| a multiplex polymerase chain reaction method for rapid identification of citrobacter freundii and salmonella species, including salmonella typhi. | salmonella enterica is one of the most common enteric pathogens worldwide. conventional methods of isolation of salmonella strains take 4-7 days to complete, are laborious and require substantial manpower. we devised a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method that simultaneously uses three pairs of specific primers to detect inv, spv, and via genes of salmonella. | 2007 | 17639162 |
| use of biophotonic imaging as a training aid for administration of substances in laboratory rodents. | dosing of experimental animals and the removal of blood are two of the most frequent procedures performed in biomedical research using live animals. despite the apparently simple nature of these procedures, they can, if not correctly carried out, have significant effects on the welfare of the animals and the scientific value of the results. there are several methods by which research staff may obtain training in the administration of substances. these include practical demonstrations during teac ... | 2007 | 17640459 |
| pridominant isolates of urinary tract pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptiblity patterns in gondar university teaching hospital, nothwest ethiopia. | urinary tract infection (uti) is one of the most common bacterial infections encountered by clinicians in developing countries. although uti seldom leads to complications, it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. | 2007 | 17642159 |
| bacteriological examination of milk and milk products sold in harare. | a study to assess the bacteriological quality of milk and ice cream was conducted using the direct plate count method and the methylene blue dye reduction test. a total of 105 milk and 95 ice cream samples were obtained form two factories (depots) and distributing supermarkets (outlets) in harare. under the methylene blue test, all milk and ice cream samples passed the hour and 2 hour tests respectively. however, 99% of the milk and 69% of the ice cream samples reduced the dye after 5.5 and 4 hr ... | 2000 | 17650038 |
| enterobacter cloacae: a predominant pathogen in neonatal septicaemia. | a total of 120 blood samples from neonates presenting with clinical signs of septicaemia were subjected for culture using brain heart infusion agar biphasic medium (bhi bpm) and glucose broth. bacterial agents were isolated from 48 numbers (40%) of cultures. gram-negative bacilli were isolated in maximum percentage (88.45%) of cases whereas gram-positive bacteria (coagulase negative staphylococci and group b streptococci) in 11.6% of cultures. e. cloacae (39.5%) was maximally isolated among the ... | 2002 | 17657046 |
| isolation and characterization of cultivable fermentative bacteria from the intestine of two edible snails, helixpomatia and cornu aspersum (gastropoda: pulmonata). | the intestinal microbiota of the edible snails cornu aspersum fsyn: h. aspersa), and helix pomatia were investigated by culture-based methods, 16s rrna sequence analyses and phenotypic characterisations. the study was carried out on aestivating snails and two populations of h. pomatia were considered. the cultivable bacteria dominated in the distal part of the intestine, with up to 5.10(9) cfu g -1, but the swedish h. pomatia appeared significantly less colonised, suggesting a higher sensitivity ... | 2007 | 17657348 |
| a novel phytase appa from citrobacter amalonaticus cgmcc 1696: gene cloning and overexpression in pichia pastoris. | a novel phytase gene appa, with upstream and downstream sequences from citrobacter amalonaticus cgmcc 1696, was cloned by degenerate polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and thermal asymmetric interlaced (tail) pcr and was overexpressed in pichia pastoris. sequence analysis revealed one open reading frame that consisted of 1311 bp encoding a 436-amino-acid protein, which had a deduced molecular mass of 46.3 kda. the phytase appa belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family and exhibits the highe ... | 2007 | 17657539 |
| prevalence and diversity of qnr alleles in ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens: a multicentre study from korea. | to investigate the prevalence of qnr determinants, their influence on quinolone susceptibility and their association with other plasmid-mediated genes in ampc-producing enterobacteriaceae without any selection criteria. | 2007 | 17660263 |
| biochemical analysis of tem-134, a new tem-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase variant produced in a citrobacter koseri clinical isolate from an italian hospital. | kinetic characterization of tem-134, a new tem-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase variant isolated from citrobacter koseri during an italian nationwide survey. tem-134 is a natural derivative of tem-2 with the following substitutions: e104k, r164h and g238s. | 2007 | 17673478 |
| a comparison of ten usepa approved total coliform/e. coli tests. | since 2002, the united states environmental protection agency (usepa) has approved ten enzyme-based total coliform and e. coli detection tests for examination of drinking water. these tests include: colilert, colilert-18, colisure, m-coli blue 24, readycult coliforms 100, chromocult, coliscan, e * colite, colitag and mi agar. the utility of the enzyme based test systems is based on both the ability of the test to detect the target organisms at low levels and the ability of the test system to sup ... | 2007 | 17674575 |
| [isolation, identification and characterization of a broad-spectrum azo-reducing citrobacter strain azor-2]. | a broad-spectrum azo-reducing bacterial strain, azor-2, was isolated from a active-sludge of textile-printing wastewater treatment plant and the strain was identified and characterized. this strain was identified as citrobacter sp. according to its morphological, physiobiochemical characteristics and analysis of its 16s rdna and beta-lactamase gene sequence. studies showed that strain azor-2 was able to reduce various azo dyes with several organic substances and h2 as electron donor and the elec ... | 2007 | 17674757 |
| distribution of tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes and class 1 integrons in enterobacteriaceae isolated from dairy and nondairy farm soils. | the prevalence of selected tetracycline and streptomycin resistance genes and class 1 integrons in enterobacteriaceae (n = 80) isolated from dairy farm soil and nondairy soils was evaluated. among 56 bacteria isolated from dairy farm soils, 36 (64.3%) were resistant to tetracycline, and 17 (30.4%) were resistant to streptomycin. lower frequencies of tetracycline (9 of 24 or 37.5%) and streptomycin (1 of 24 or 4.2%) resistance were observed in bacteria isolated from nondairy soils. bacteria (n = ... | 2008 | 17701242 |
| a rapid, small-scale procedure for the structural characterization of lipid a applied to citrobacter and bordetella strains: discovery of a new structural element. | endotoxins [lipopolysaccharides (lpss)] are part of the outer cell membrane of gram-negative bacteria. their biological activities are associated mainly with the lipid component (lipid a) and even more specifically with discrete aspects of their fine structure. the need for a rapid and small-scale analysis of lipid a motivated us to develop a procedure that combines direct isolation of lipids a from bacterial cells with sequential release of their ester-linked fatty acids by a mild alkali treatm ... | 2007 | 17703058 |
| antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacilli causing infections in intensive care unit patients in the united states between 1993 and 2004. | during the 12-year period from 1993 to 2004, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of 74,394 gram-negative bacillus isolates recovered from intensive care unit (icu) patients in united states hospitals were determined by participating hospitals and collected in a central location. mics for 12 different agents were determined using a standardized broth microdilution method. the 11 organisms most frequently isolated were pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.2%), escherichia coli (18.8%), klebsiella pneumoni ... | 2007 | 17715376 |
| study on biosorption kinetics and thermodynamics of uranium by citrobacter freudii. | biosorption has been developed as an effective and economic method to treat wastewater containing low concentrations of metal pollutants. in this study, a bacterium, citrobacter freudii, was used as a biosorbent to adsorb uranium ions. the thermodynamics and kinetics of this adsorption, as well as its mechanism, were investigated. the results indicated that the biosorption rate could be better described by a pseudo 2nd-order model than a pseudo 1st-order model. the adsorption of u (vi) proceeded ... | 2008 | 17765369 |
| a generalized transducing phage for the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | a virulent phage (phicr1) capable of generalized transduction in citrobacter rodentium was isolated from the environment and characterized. c. rodentium is a natural pathogen of mice, causing transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. sequencing of its genome has recently been completed and will soon be fully annotated and published. c. rodentium is an important model organism for infections caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec). ph ... | 2007 | 17768241 |
| [the antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolones against gram-negative bacteria isolated from gifu prefecture (2005)]. | we investigated the susceptibility to 6 fluoroquinolones against 433 strains of gram-negative bacteria isolated from 6 medical facilities in gifu prefecture between january and september in 2005, determined by the agar dilution methods in according with the japan society of chemotherapy. we also investigated the correlation between the degree of resistance to fluoroquinolones and the amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr). the tested clinical isolates were ... | 2007 | 17867488 |
| molecular identification of coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water reservoirs with traditional methods and the colilert-18 system. | the accuracy of a traditional method (lactose utilization with acid and gas production) for the detection of coliform bacteria and e. coli was tested in comparison with method iso 9308-1 (based on acid formation from lactose) and the colilert-18 system (detection of beta-galactosidase). a total of 345 isolates were identified after isolation from water samples using api 20e strips. the colilert-18 led to the highest number of positive findings (95% of the isolates were assigned to coliforms), wh ... | 2008 | 17870668 |
| biohydrogen production by enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii in carrier induced granules. | carrier induced granular particles comprising enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii were used to generate h(2) from sucrose in an anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor. at a hydraulic retention time of 4.5 h, 95.8% of the sucrose was consumed and the rate of h(2) production reached 180 mmol h(2) l h(-1). biogas composition for h(2) and co(2) was 42 and 55%, respectively. | 2008 | 17876534 |
| alternatively activated macrophages in intestinal helminth infection: effects on concurrent bacterial colitis. | the distribution of several pathogenic helminth infections coincides geographically with many devastating microbial diseases, including enteric bacterial infections. to dissect the mechanisms by which helminths modulate the host's response to enteric bacteria and bacteria-mediated intestinal inflammation, we have recently established a coinfection model and shown that coinfection with the helminth heligmosomoides polygyrus exacerbates colitis induced by infection with the gram-negative bacterial ... | 2007 | 17878371 |
| antibiotic sensitivity pattern of citrobacter isolated from various clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital. | a total of 709 isolates of citrobacter species were recovered from different clinical specimens at kasturba medical college, mangalore. the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed using kirby-bauer's method of disk diffusion. all the isolates were susceptible to imipenem (100%) and 100% resistance to ampicillin was recorded. susceptibility to third generation cephalosporins varied between 29 - 43%. the beta-lactamase inhibitor combination used along with beta-lactam an ... | 2007 | 17883179 |
| epidemiology and outcomes of multiple antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection in renal transplantation. | mutiresistant bacterial infections are an emerging problem in the nosocomial setting. our objectives were to describe the incidence, outcome, and risk factors for acquisition of multiresistant bacteria among renal transplant recipients. | 2007 | 17889144 |
| cell attachment properties and infectivity of host-adapted and environmentally adapted citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium belongs to a family of extracellular enteric pathogens that include enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic escherichia coli, which colonises the gastrointestinal mucosa by the attaching and effacing (a/e) mechanism. we previously described the appearance of a 'hyper-infectious' state after passage of c. rodentium through the murine gastrointestinal tract. here we report that host-adapted c. rodentium is able to efficiently adhere and trigger actin polymerisation on culture ... | 2007 | 17890132 |
| dry stress and survival time of enterobacter sakazakii and other enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula. | powdered infant formula is not a sterile product, and opportunistic pathogens could multiply in the reconstituted product, resulting in neonatal infections. in this study, the generation of sublethally injured enterobacteriaceae during desiccation and their persistence in dehydrated powdered infant formula was assessed during a 2.5-year period. the study included 27 strains of enterobacter sakazakii, enterobacter cloacae, salmonella enteritidis, citrobacter koseri, citrobacter freundii, escheric ... | 2007 | 17900090 |
| toll-like receptor 2 plays a critical role in maintaining mucosal integrity during citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | inflammatory bowel diseases and infectious gastroenteritis likely occur when the integrity of intestinal barriers is disrupted allowing luminal bacterial products to cross into the intestinal mucosa, stimulating immune cells and triggering inflammation. while specific toll-like receptors (tlr) are involved in the generation of inflammatory responses against enteric bacteria, their contributions to the maintenance of intestinal mucosal integrity are less clear. these studies investigated the role ... | 2008 | 17910742 |
| brain abscess in infants and children: a retrospective study of 107 patients in northeast thailand. | to review the clinical manifestation, predisposing factor location of abscess, causative organism, treatment, and outcome of brain abscess. | 2007 | 17926990 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility for beta-lactams using the etest method against clinical isolates from 100 medical centers in japan (2006). | this antimicrobial resistance surveillance study was performed in 100 medical centers. susceptibility testing (etest; ab biodisk, solna, sweden) of 9152 strains including escherichia coli (991 strains), klebsiella spp. (1000 strains), enterobacter spp. (971 strains), citrobacter spp. (803 strains), indole-positive proteae spp. (834 strains), serratia spp. (902 strains), acinetobacter spp. (874 strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (992 strains), oxacillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (984 strain ... | 2008 | 17931820 |
| variation in the nature of organic acid secretion and mineral phosphate solubilization by citrobacter sp. dhrss in the presence of different sugars. | a novel phosphate solubilizing bacterium (psb) was isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane and is capable of utilizing sucrose and rock phosphate as the sole carbon and phosphate source, respectively. this psb exhibited mineral phosphate solubilizing (mps) phenotype on sugars such as sucrose and fructose, which are not substrates for enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (gdh), along with gdh substrates, viz., glucose, xylose, and maltose, as carbon sources. pcr amplification of the rrna gene and sequ ... | 2008 | 17965911 |
| composition of acridid gut bacterial communities as revealed by 16s rrna gene analysis. | the gut bacterial community from four species of feral locusts and grasshoppers was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of bacterial 16s rrna gene fragments. the study revealed an effect of phase polymorphism on gut bacterial diversity in brown locusts from south africa. a single bacterial phylotype, consistent with citrobacter sp. dominated the gut microbiota of two sympatric populations of moroccan and italian locusts in spain. there was evidence for wollbachi ... | 2008 | 17967463 |
| bacteriophage-based enrichment coupled to immunochromatographic strip-based detection for the determination of salmonella in meat and poultry. | immunochemical-based methods for the detection of salmonella in food can be complicated by the presence of closely related, immunocrossreactive non-salmonella species in the sample that may cause false-positive results. to circumvent this problem, specific bacteriophages against immunocrossreactive, non-salmonella bacteria were used in the sample enrichment step to suppress their growth and improve the performance of an immunochromatographic strip-based detection method for salmonella. cross-rea ... | 2007 | 17969603 |
| composition of intestinal enterobacteriaceae populations of healthy domestic pigs. | in this study, the enterobacteriaceae microbiota, including their diversity as well as the distribution of haemolytic and virulence gene-harbouring escherichia coli of 56-day-old healthy piglets, was characterized. both the composition and the diversity of enterobacteriaceae populations varied considerably between individual pigs and intestinal sections. e. coli, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae dominated the enterobacteriaceae microbiota. however, mucosa-asso ... | 2007 | 17975092 |
| myd88 signalling plays a critical role in host defence by controlling pathogen burden and promoting epithelial cell homeostasis during citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | myeloid differentiation factor (myd)88, an adaptor protein shared by the toll-interleukin 1 receptor superfamily, plays a critical role in host defence during many systemic bacterial infections by inducing protective inflammatory responses that limit bacterial growth. however, the role of innate responses during gastrointestinal (gi) infections is less clear, in part because the gi tract is tolerant to commensal antigens. the current study investigated the role of myd88 following infection by th ... | 2008 | 17979981 |
| a c-terminal class i pdz binding motif of espi/nlea modulates the virulence of attaching and effacing escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli induces characteristic attaching-effacing (a/e) lesions on the intestinal mucosa during infection. the locus of enterocyte effacement is essential for a/e lesion formation and encodes a type iii secretion system that translocates multiple effector proteins into the host cell. following translocation, espi/nlea localizes to the golgi. using the yeast two-hybrid system (y2hs) and psd-95/disk-large/zo-1 (pdz)-domain protein array overlays, we identified 15 putative ... | 2008 | 17979986 |
| modulation of intestinal goblet cell function during infection by an attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen. | the attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli and the related mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium colonize their hosts' intestines by infecting the apical surfaces of enterocytes, subverting their function, and they ultimately cause diarrhea. surprisingly, little is known about the interactions of these organisms with goblet cells, which are specialized epithelial cells that secrete the protective molecules muc2 and trefoil ... | 2008 | 17984203 |
| detection of hiv-1 sequences in intestinal bacteria of hiv/aids patients. | bacterial dna isolated from the intestinal tract of 11 american and 30 slovak hiv/aids patients were analyzed by colony and dot blot hybridization assay for hiv-1 specific sequences. secondly, pcr using primers specific for the hiv-1 gag, pol and env genes for detection of hiv-1 sequences in these dna were performed. | 2007 | 17984947 |
| multiple antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteriaceae isolates from pristine freshwater. | a freshwater enterobacterial population (n = 111) was studied for antimicrobial and mercury resistance patterns, and for its possible association with biotic and abiotic factors in that environment. conventional biochemical tests identified klebsiella sp, morganella sp, serratia sp, escherichia sp, enterobacter sp, edwarsiella sp, proteus sp, citrobacter sp, providencia sp, and kluyvera sp. there was no correlation between antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates and bacterial genera, but r ... | 2007 | 17985304 |
| isolation and characterization of tetracycline-resistant citrobacter spp. from catfish. | fifty-two tetracycline-resistant citrobacter spp. strains were isolated from farm-raised catfish. morphological and biochemical characteristics indicated that 38 of the 52 citrobacters were citrobacter freundii, 7 were c. amalonaticus and 7 were c. braakii. all isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocols were developed to detect the presence of 3 tetracycline-resistance genes (teta, tetb and tetg) from citrobacter isolates. oligonucleotide primers s ... | 2008 | 17993380 |
| host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of enterobacteriaceae. | while the normal microbiota has been implicated as a critical defense against invading pathogens, the impact of enteropathogenic infection and host inflammation on intestinal microbial communities has not been elucidated. using mouse models of citrobacter rodentium, which closely mimics human diarrheal pathogens inducing host intestinal inflammation, and campylobacter jejuni infection, as well as chemically and genetically induced models of intestinal inflammation, we demonstrate that host-media ... | 2007 | 18005726 |
| [fundamental study on the selection of antimicrobial prophylactic agents in abdominal surgery]. | most infections after abdominal operations are endogenous and occur by disseminating bacteria present in the intestinal tract during operation. the risk of developing surgical site infection after abdominal operations is related to the extent of intestinal contamination during operation and to the density and type of bacteria in the intestinal tract. although antimicrobial prophylactic agents must be active against contaminating bacteria during operation, it should not cover all contaminating ba ... | 2007 | 18018416 |
| influence of gastric acid on susceptibility to infection with ingested bacterial pathogens. | despite the widely held belief that gastric acid serves as a barrier to bacterial pathogens, there are almost no experimental data to support this hypothesis. we have developed a mouse model to quantify the effectiveness of gastric acid in mediating resistance to infection with ingested bacteria. mice that were constitutively hypochlorhydric due to a mutation in a gastric h(+)/k(+)-atpase (proton pump) gene were infected with yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, citr ... | 2008 | 18025100 |
| a rare case of lethal retroperitoneal abscess caused by citrobacter koseri. | retroperitoneal abscesses are very uncommon clinical conditions. the characteristically vague symptomatology of retroperitoneal abscess and the inherent difficulty of identifying retroperitoneal disease by physical examination contributed to these dismal therapeutic outcomes. we present an unusual case of lethal retroperitoneal abscess, caused by citrobacter diversus(koseri), treated with surgical drainage. citrobacter species have rarely been involved in deep tissue infection and there is no re ... | 2007 | 18025858 |
| host-mediated inflammation disrupts the intestinal microbiota and promotes the overgrowth of enterobacteriaceae. | while the normal microbiota has been implicated as a critical defense against invading pathogens, the impact of enteropathogenic infection and host inflammation on intestinal microbial communities has not been elucidated. using mouse models of citrobacter rodentium, which closely mimics human diarrheal pathogens inducing host intestinal inflammation, and campylobacter jejuni infection, as well as chemically and genetically induced models of intestinal inflammation, we demonstrate that host-media ... | 2007 | 18030708 |
| saccharomyces boulardii ameliorates citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis through actions on bacterial virulence factors. | saccharomyces boulardii has received increasing attention as a probiotic effective in the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases. the aim of this study was to examine the ameliorating effects of s. boulardii on citrobacter rodentium colitis in vivo and identify potential mechanisms of action. c57bl/6 mice received 2.5 x 10(8) c. rodentium by gavage on day 0, followed by s. boulardii (25 mg; 5 x 10(8) live cells) gavaged twice daily from day 2 to day 9. animal weig ... | 2008 | 18032474 |
| gastrointestinal infections, an overview: from pathogens to metagenomes. | | 2008 | 18043224 |
| utility of the citrobacter rodentium infection model in laboratory mice. | there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli infection. given the difficulty of infecting laboratory mice with these diarrhea-causing pathogens, a growing number of studies have found the murine bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium to provide a robust, relevant in-vivo model system. | 2008 | 18043230 |
| what is your diagnosis? emphysematous pyometra with a large amount of gas. | | 2007 | 18045381 |
| [construction of novel recombinant strain harboring glycerol dehydratase reactivating factor capable of producing 1,3-propanediol]. | the dhab gene encoding glycerol dehydratase and dhag dhaf gene encoding glycerol dehydratase reactivating factor from citrobacterfreundii were amplified by pcr. the temperature control expression vector phsh harboring yqhd, dhab, dhag and dhaf gene was transformed into e. coli jm109 to yield the recombinant strain e. coli jm109 (phsh-dhab-dhag-dhaf-yqhd). the results from sds-page analysis show that the recombinant product was consistent with the molecular weight predicted from gene sequence. th ... | 2007 | 18051862 |
| preliminary report of nad+-dependent amino acid dehydrogenase producing bacteria isolated from soil. | amino acid dehydrogenases (l-amino acid: oxidoreductase deaminating; ec 1.4.1.x) are members of the wider superfamily of oxidoreductases that catalyze the reversible oxidative deamination of an amino acid to its keto acid and ammonia with the concomitant reduction of either nad+, nadp+ or fad. these enzymes have been received much attention as biocatalysts for use in biosensors or diagnostic kits to screen amino acid metabolism disorders such as phenylketonuria (pku), maple syrup urine disease ( ... | 2007 | 18051956 |
| identification of type 3 fimbriae in uropathogenic escherichia coli reveals a role in biofilm formation. | catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti) is the most common nosocomial infection in the united states. uropathogenic escherichia coli (upec), the most common cause of cauti, can form biofilms on indwelling catheters. here, we identify and characterize novel factors that affect biofilm formation by upec strains that cause cauti. sixty-five cauti upec isolates were characterized for phenotypic markers of urovirulence, including agglutination and biofilm formation. one isolate, e. coli m ... | 2008 | 18055599 |
| diverse endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from wild rice oryza rufipogon and description of phytobacter diazotrophicus gen. nov. sp. nov. | twenty-three nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized stems and roots of wild rice oryza rufipogon. four clusters were defined among these bacteria by sds-page protein patterns and further confirmed by is-pcr finger-printing analysis. phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the representative strains ls 8 and ls 18 of cluster ii formed a monophyletic group sharing 94.0-97.3% similarities with defined enterobacterial species within the genera salmonella, ... | 2008 | 18060384 |
| [microbial diversity in scorpion intestine (buthus martensii karsch)]. | scorpion is an important officinal animal, and has a high nutritional value. in this study, the culture-independent and culture-dependent methods were used to investigate the microbial diversity in the scorpion's intestine. results based on culture-independent method showed the bacteria to be related to alpha, beta, gamma-proteobacteria. bacteria isolated by the culture-dependent method were high g + c, gram-positive bacteria. the genera enterobacter, serratia and ochrobactrum were detected by b ... | 2007 | 18062268 |
| citrobacter freundii peritonitis and tunnel infection in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | the clinical course of a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis who developed peritonitis and tunnel infection due to an unusual pathogen, citrobacter freundii, is described. the patient did not respond well to antibiogram-based therapy (intravenous meropenem and intraperitoneal gentamicin) and removal of the catheter was required. | 2008 | 18065679 |
| carbohydrate and ethane release with erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum--induced necrosis. | erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum, also known as e. betavasculorum and pectobacterium betavasculorum, is a soil bacterium that has the capacity to cause root rot necrosis of sugarbeets. the qualitatively different pathogenicity exhibited by the virulent e. carotovora strain and two avirulent strains, a citrobacter sp. and an enterobacter cloacae, was examined using digital analysis of photographic evidence of necrosis as well as for carbohydrate, ethane, and ethylene release compared ... | 2008 | 18066619 |
| activities of the frog skin peptide, ascaphin-8 and its lysine-substituted analogs against clinical isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing bacteria. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing gram-negative bacteria are becoming increasingly prevalent and their antibiotic resistance necessitates novel therapeutic intervention. ascaphin-8 is a cationic alpha-helical peptide that shows broad-spectrum antibacterial activity but is also toxic to human erythrocytes (lc(50)= 55 microm). this study assesses the activity of ascaphin-8, and a series of l-lysine-substituted analogs, against a range of clinical isolates of esbl-producing bacteria ... | 2008 | 18068868 |
| the enteropathogenic e. coli effector espb facilitates microvillus effacing and antiphagocytosis by inhibiting myosin function. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) destroys intestinal microvilli and suppresses phagocytosis by injecting effectors into infected cells through a type iii secretion system (ttss). espb, a component of the ttss, is also injected into the cytoplasm of host cells. however, the physiological functions of espb within the host cell cytoplasm remain unclear. we show that espb binds to myosins, which are a superfamily of proteins that interact with actin filaments and mediate essential cellular p ... | 2007 | 18078690 |
| novel variant of the qnrb gene, qnrb12, in citrobacter werkmanii. | | 2008 | 18086833 |
| emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy for infections caused by enterobacteriaceae producing ampc beta-lactamase: implications for antibiotic use. | enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and morganella morganii are characterized by chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamases and possess the ability to develop resistance upon exposure to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. to determine the incidences of the emergence of resistance during antimicrobial therapy for infections caused by these organisms and the effect of the emergence of resistance on patient outcomes, all patients who were admitted to the asan medical center (s ... | 2008 | 18086837 |
| isolation and purification of enterocin e-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | strain nrrl b-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as enterococcus durans, enterococcus faecium, or enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to campylobacter jejuni. the isolate produced a 5,362-da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar choleraesuis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar gallinarum, escherichia coli o157:h7, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, klebs ... | 2008 | 18086839 |
| in vitro activity of isepamicin and other aminoglycosides against clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial bloodstream infections. | isepamicin is a newly introduced aminoglycoside in taiwan. since in vitro data for isepamicin against nosocomial gram-negative bloodstream infection from taiwan are limited, we compared the activity of isepamicin, amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin against nosocomial gram-negative blood isolates. | 2007 | 18087627 |
| microorganisms present in discharging otitis media in a group of patients in kathmandu. | discharge from the ear is one of the commonest symptoms of infections of the ear. to study the major strains of bacteria encountered in ear discharges, this study was conducted from july 1999, to june 2001 in the microbiology laboratory of om hospital. a total of 115 patients, of 6-35 years of age clinically diagnosed as discharging otitis media were studied. in 60.9% single organism and in 26.08% two organisms were isolated. results revealed that, staphylococcus aureus (34.3%), klebsiella pneum ... | 2007 | 18092440 |
| distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 1995 to 1998 and 2001 to 2006 at a university hospital in south korea and identification of conjugative plasmids mediating dissemination of 16s rrna methylase. | the distribution of conjugative-plasmid-mediated 16s rrna methylase genes among amikacin-resistant enterobacteriaceae collected between 1995 and 1998 and between 2001 and 2006 at a university hospital in south korea was examined, and conjugative plasmids carrying the 16s rrna methylase genes were characterized by pcr-based replicon typing and by determination of their antimicrobial resistance pattern. among the 7,127 isolates, 463 isolates showed a high level of resistance to amikacin, and 218 o ... | 2008 | 18094126 |
| [in vitro activity of arbekacin against clinical isolates of staphylococcus species and gram-negative bacilli]. | methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and some gram-negative bacilli are very prevalent nosocomial pathogens, commonly causing mixed infections, and are often resistant to multiple drugs. arbekacin is an aminoglycoside used for the treatment of mrsa infections, but is also active against some gram-negative bacilli. the aim of this study was to determine in vitro activity of arbekacin against recent clinical isolates of staphylococci and gram-negative bacilli. materials and | 2007 | 18094591 |
| susceptibility of community gram-negative urinary tract isolates to mecillinam and other oral agents. | to determine the susceptibility of community outpatient gram-negative urinary tract isolates to mecillinam and other commonly used oral agents. | 2001 | 18159352 |
| recovery of cephalosporin-resistant escherichia coli and salmonella from pork, beef and chicken marketed in nova scotia. | antimicrobial use in farm animals is a potentially important contributor to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. resistant salmonella may lead to serious human infections and resistant escherichia coli may transfer plasmid-encoded resistance genes to other pathogens. | 2004 | 18159497 |
| [surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial gram-negative pathogens from 15 teaching hospitals in china in 2005]. | to investigate the antimicrobial resistance among the nosocomial gram-negative pathogens from 15 teaching hospitals located in different areas in china in 2005. | 2007 | 18167265 |
| linkage of acquired quinolone resistance (qnrs1) and metallo-beta-lactamase (blavim-1) genes in multiple species of enterobacteriaceae from bolzano, italy. | twenty-four of 209 oxyimino-cephalosporin- and/or aztreonam-resistant enterobacteriaceae collected around bolzano had reduced susceptibility or resistance to carbapenems and gave positive metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl) tests. their resistance mechanisms were investigated. | 2008 | 18184647 |
| decolorization of textile plant effluent by citrobacter sp. strain kctc 18061p. | citrobacter sp. strain kctc 18061p was found to be able to decolorize textile plant effluent containing different types of reactive dyes. effects of physico-chemical parameters, such as aeration, nitrogen source, glucose and effluent concentrations on the color removal of real dye effluent by this strain were investigated. the observed changes in the visible spectra indicated color removal by the absorption of dye to cells during incubation with the strain. this strain showed higher decolorizati ... | 2007 | 18187889 |
| cmy-20, a novel ampc-type beta-lactamase from south african clinical escherichia coli isolates. | in this study, we report the presence of a novel plasmid-mediated ampc-type beta-lactamase that was isolated from 3 clinical escherichia coli isolates at a tertiary teaching hospital in durban, south africa. the nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding this novel beta-lactamase was found to be >94% identical to the nucleotide sequences of the plasmid-mediated ampc-type beta-lactamases originating from citrobacter freundii. this enzyme differed from cmy-2 by 3 amino acid substitutions and was de ... | 2008 | 18207348 |
| in vitro activity profile of ceftobiprole, an anti-mrsa cephalosporin, against recent gram-positive and gram-negative isolates of european origin. | to determine the in vitro activity profile of ceftobiprole, a pyrrolidinone cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), for use as a contemporary baseline to help detect any changes in its activity profile throughout the course of clinical development and use. | 2008 | 18218646 |
| high-resolution structure of methionine gamma-lyase from citrobacter freundii. | pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) is involved in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids. the enzyme is a promising target in some anaerobic pathogens and is effective in cancer-cell treatment. the structure of the mgl holoenzyme from citrobacter freundii has previously been determined at 1.9 a resolution. by modification of the crystallization procedure, the previously determined structure of c. freundii mgl has been improved to 1.35 a resolution with r and r ... | 2008 | 18219122 |
| evaluation of different laboratory tests for the detection of metallo-beta-lactamase production in enterobacteriaceae. | clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (91), escherichia coli (49), enterobacter spp. (27), proteus mirabilis (17), citrobacter freundii (2), providencia stuartii (3) and serratia spp. (5), with various mics of imipenem, were examined for production of metallo-beta-lactamases (mbls) with different phenotypic laboratory tests that have been previously published to detect mbls in pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. | 2008 | 18222954 |
| regulation of expression and secretion of nleh, a new non-locus of enterocyte effacement-encoded effector in citrobacter rodentium. | together with enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli and enteropathogenic escherichia coli, citrobacter rodentium is a member of the attaching-and-effacing (a/e) family of bacterial pathogens. a/e pathogens use a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate an assortment of effector proteins, encoded both within and outside the locus of enterocyte effacement (lee), into the colonized host cell, leading to the formation of a/e lesions and disease. here we report the identification and characteriza ... | 2008 | 18223087 |
| fcgamma receptor regulation of citrobacter rodentium infection. | citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen for enteropathogenic escherichia coli, colonizes the colon utilizing attaching and effacing lesions to adhere specifically to the surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells and cause mucosal inflammation. cd4+ t cells, b cells, and immunoglobulin g (igg), but not secretory iga or igm, play a critical role in eradicating this pathogen. consistent with the importance of igg in c. rodentium eradication, igg transport by the neonatal fc receptor for igg wi ... | 2008 | 18227164 |
| flagellin-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses following infection by enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium belong to the attaching and effacing (a/e) family of bacterial pathogens. these noninvasive bacteria infect intestinal enterocytes using a type 3 secretion system (t3ss), leading to diarrheal disease and intestinal inflammation. while flagellin, the secreted product of the epec flic gene, causes the release of interleukin 8 (il-8) from epithelial cells, it is unclear whether a/e bacteria also trigger epithelia ... | 2008 | 18227166 |
| metabolomics reveals that hepatic stearoyl-coa desaturase 1 downregulation exacerbates inflammation and acute colitis. | to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis, a dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced acute colitis model was examined by serum metabolomic analysis. higher levels of stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine and lower levels of oleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine in dss-treated mice compared to controls led to the identification of dss-elicited inhibition of stearoyl-coa desaturase 1 (scd1) expression in liver. this decrease occurred prior to the symptoms of acute colitis and was well correla ... | 2008 | 18249173 |
| resistance of chemokine receptor 6-deficient mice to yersinia enterocolitica infection: evidence of defective m-cell formation in vivo. | m cells, specialized cells within peyer's patches (pps), are reduced in number in chemokine receptor 6 (ccr6)-deficient mice. the pathogenic microorganism yersinia enterocolitica exploits m cells for the purpose of mucosal tissue invasion exclusively through pps. the aim of this study was to evaluate the course of yersiniosis in ccr6-deficient mice and to investigate whether these mice might be used as an in vivo model to determine m-cell function. after oral challenge with y. enterocolitica, co ... | 2008 | 18258848 |
| cd4+ t cells transfer resistance against citrobacter rodentium-induced infectious colitis by induction of th 1 immunity. | citrobacter rodentium induces an acute, self-limited colitis in mice which is histologically associated with crypt hyperplasia. the infection serves as a model for human infectious colitis induced by enteropathogenic escherichia coli. we investigated if balb/c mice, which had spontaneously cleared c. rodentium infection, were protected against re-infection and if resistance against intestinal infection can be systemically transferred using spleen cells. the course of infection was monitored by f ... | 2008 | 18261038 |
| interleukin-22 mediates early host defense against attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. | infections by attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens, such as escherichia coli o157:h7, pose a serious threat to public health. using a mouse a/e pathogen, citrobacter rodentium, we show that interleukin-22 (il-22) has a crucial role in the early phase of host defense against c. rodentium. infection of il-22 knockout mice results in increased intestinal epithelial damage, systemic bacterial burden and mortality. we also find that il-23 is required for the early induction of il-22 durin ... | 2008 | 18264109 |
| evaluation of pyelonephritis in culled indoor and outdoor high parity sows. | the present trial was conducted in hungary in neighboring large indoor and outdoor pig production units, belonging to the same breeding company. rejected kidneys from 201 (out of 241; 83.4%) outdoor, and 191 (out of 512, 37.3%) indoor high parity sows, with previous history of recidiving postparturient fever and excessive postparturient vulvovaginal discharge were gross pathologically bacteriologically, and histologically evaluated. all rejected kidneys revealed chronic pyelonephritis. in outdoo ... | 2008 | 18265757 |
| antibodies against citrobacter braakii o37 cells recognize the n-glycan of the band 3 glycoprotein of human erythrocyte membrane. | the phenomenon of molecular mimicry was found previously for citrobacter braakii o37, which shared epitopes with human and horse erythrocytes. the aim of this study was to elucidate the basis of the serological cross-reactivity between anti-c. braakii o37 serum and human erythrocytes. the experiments involved analyzing the epitope on the human erythrocyte membrane, that could be recognized by affinity-purified antibodies. the results indicated a specific glycoprotein fraction in immunoblotting, ... | 2008 | 18266742 |
| the critical role of substrate-protein hydrogen bonding in the control of regioselective hydroxylation in p450cin. | cytochrome p450cin (cyp176a1) is a bacterial p450 isolated from citrobacter braakii that catalyzes the hydroxylation of cineole to (s)-6beta-hydroxycineole. this initiates the biodegradation of cineole, enabling c. braakii to live on cineole as its sole source of carbon and energy. p450cin lacks the almost universally conserved threonine residue believed to be involved in dioxygen activation and instead contains an asparagine at this position (asn-242). to investigate the role of asn-242 in p450 ... | 2008 | 18270198 |
| characterization of the nlef effector protein from attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is a water- and food-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis. ehec uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate effector proteins that subvert host cell function. t3ss-substrates encoded outside of the locus of enterocyte effacement are important to e. coli pathogenesis. we discovered an ehec secreted protein, nlef, encoded by z6020 in o-island 71 of e. coli edl933 that we hypothesized to be a t3ss substrate. experiments are presented th ... | 2008 | 18279332 |
| assessment of microbial diversity in effluent treatment plants by culture dependent and culture independent approaches. | microbial community structure of two distinct effluent treatment plants (etps) of pesticide and pharmaceutical industries was assessed and defined by (i) culture dependent and culture independent approaches on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequencing, (ii) diversity index analysis - operational taxonomic units (otus). a total of 38 and 44 bacterial otus having 85-99% similarity with the closest match in the database were detected among pharmaceutical and pesticide sludge samples, respectively. fift ... | 2008 | 18280146 |
| antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts and five flavonoids from the twigs of dorstenia barteri (moraceae). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of the twigs of dorstenia barteri (dbt) as well as that of four of the five flavonoids isolated from this extract. gram-positive bacteria (six species), gram-negative bacteria (12 species) and fungi (four species) were used. the agar disc diffusion test was used to determine the sensitivity of the tested samples while the well micro-dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibition concentrations (mic) and ... | 2008 | 18280679 |
| the gut-brain barrier in major depression: intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of lps from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression. | there is now evidence that major depression (mdd) is accompanied by an activation of the inflammatory response system (irs) and that pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysacharide (lps) may induce depressive symptoms. the aim of the present study was to examine whether an increased gastrointestinal permeability with an increased translocation of lps from gram negative bacteria may play a role in the pathophysiology of mdd. toward this end, the present study examines the serum concentrations of ... | 2008 | 18283240 |
| bicarbonate-mediated transcriptional activation of divergent operons by the virulence regulatory protein, rega, from citrobacter rodentium. | regulation of virulence gene expression plays a central role in the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria as they encounter diverse environmental conditions in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts. in this study, we investigated environmental regulation of two putative virulence determinants adca and kfc by rega, an arac/xyls-like regulator, from citrobacter rodentium, and identified bicarbonate as the environmental signal which induced transcription of adca and kfc through rega. primer extensio ... | 2008 | 18284589 |
| performance of chromid esbl, a chromogenic medium for detection of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | the chromogenic agar medium chromid esbl (biomérieux) was compared with blse agar medium (aes) for selective isolation and presumptive identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples. a total of 765 samples (468 rectal swabs, 255 urine samples and 42 pulmonary aspirations) obtained from 547 patients was processed. all bacterial strains isolated on either medium were further characterized using biochemical tests, and esbl producers were ... | 2008 | 18287293 |
| high-level carbapenem resistance in a citrobacter freundii clinical isolate is due to a combination of kpc-2 production and decreased porin expression. | an imipenem-resistant isolate of citrobacter freundii zj163 (mic 256 microg ml(-1)) isolated from a chinese hospital was investigated. the c. freundii zj163 isolate exhibited high-level resistance to carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, cefoxitin, aztreonam, quinolones and aminoglycosides. isoelectric focusing (ief) demonstrated three beta-lactamases with pis of 5.4 (tem-1), 6.7 (kpc-2) and 7.9 (ctx-m-14). two different transconjugants (types a and b) were obtained by conjugation studies. t ... | 2008 | 18287296 |
| citrobacter freundii infection in glutaric aciduria type 1: adding insult to injury. | glutaric aciduria type 1 (ga1) is an inborn error of organic acid metabolism, where the brain is the principal organ affected with exposure to toxic metabolic product, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-ohga). a 2-year-old boy with ga1 and delayed developmental milestones had an acute neurological crisis leading to massive brain abscess with citrobacter freundi infection, a rare cause of neonatal meningitis and often associated with brain abscess. both 3-ohga and c. freundii can damage the blood-brain ba ... | 2008 | 18296804 |
| prevalence of bacterial contamination with antibiotic-resistant and enterotoxigenic fecal coliforms in treated drinking water. | pollution indicator bacteria such as coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci were enumerated using a multiple-tube fermentation method in 100 treated drinking-water samples from 20 locations in residential, commercial, and industrial areas of a tropical city during summer. thirty-four percent of the samples were bacteriologically nonpotable. maximum coliform-contaminated (27%) samples were derived from industrial areas, while samples contaminated with fecal coliform (23%) and fecal st ... | 2008 | 18306089 |
| multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria among patients who require chronic hemodialysis. | multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are rapidly spreading throughout the world. the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in patients who require chronic hemodialysis has not been previously studied. | 2008 | 18322047 |
| antimicrobial resistance patterns of clinical bacterial isolates in southwestern ethiopia. | the aim of this study was to assess the pattern of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in a hospital setting in southwest ethiopia. | 2007 | 18326346 |
| caspase-12 modulates nod signaling and regulates antimicrobial peptide production and mucosal immunity. | bacterial sensing by intracellular nod proteins and other nod-like receptors (nlrs) activates signaling pathways that mediate inflammation and pathogen clearance. nod1 and nod2 associate with the kinase rip2 to stimulate nf-kappab signaling. other cytosolic nlrs assemble caspase-1-activating multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. caspase-12 modulates the caspase-1 inflammasome, but unlike other nlrs, nod1 and nod2 have not been linked to caspases, and mechanisms regulating the nod-rip2 com ... | 2008 | 18329614 |
| comparative activity of meropenem in us medical centers (2007): initiating the 2nd decade of mystic program surveillance. | since 1997, the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) program has monitored the antimicrobial activity of broad-spectrum agents against pathogens from hospitalized patients. in the united states, 2894 isolates were submitted in 2007 from 15 sites, including 1392 enterobacteriaceae, 643 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, and 829 gram-positive cocci. all isolates were tested by broth microdilution methods. meropenem (mic(90) range, 0.12-2 microg/ml) exhibited the ... | 2008 | 18329835 |
| subversion of actin dynamics by espm effectors of attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. | rho gtpases are common targets of bacterial toxins and type iii secretion system effectors. ipgb1 and ipgb2 of shigella and map of enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli were recently grouped together on the basis that they share a conserved wxxxe motif. in this study, we characterized six wxxxe effectors from attaching and effacing pathogens: trca and espm1 of epec strain b171, espm1 and espm2 of ehec strain sakai and espm2 and espm3 of citrobacter rodentium. we s ... | 2008 | 18331467 |
| biochemical and structural insights into bacterial organelle form and biogenesis. | many heterotrophic bacteria have the ability to make polyhedral structures containing metabolic enzymes that are bounded by a unilamellar protein shell (metabolosomes or enterosomes). these bacterial organelles contain enzymes associated with a specific metabolic process (e.g. 1,2-propanediol or ethanolamine utilization). we show that the 21 gene regulon specifying the pdu organelle and propanediol utilization enzymes from citrobacter freundii is fully functional when cloned in escherichia coli, ... | 2008 | 18332146 |
| boronic acid disk tests for identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. | a study using boronic acid (ba) was designed to detect the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in enterobacteriaceae producing chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. a total of 197 clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. (n=100), serratia marcescens (n=62) and citrobacter freundii (n=35) were analysed. genes encoding esbls were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification followed by direct sequencing of pcr products. the clinical and laboratory standards institute confirmatory test ... | 2008 | 18337065 |
| the effects of bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2 on trypanosoma brucei brucei and enterobacteria. | the potential role of phospholipases in trypanosomiasis was investigated using bee venom phospholipase a2 (bvpla2) as a model. the effects of bvpla2 on the survival of trypanosoma brucei brucei, 2h and 12h cultures of enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii were studied. about 1 mg ml(-1) bvpla2 was trypanocidal after 30 min. some growth occurred at lower concentrations up to 2h after treatment but viability decreased up to 8h. even very low concentrations of bvpla2 (10(-12) ... | 2008 | 18343372 |