| prevalence and potential pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus in chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis) harvested from the river thames estuary, england. | chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis) have been described as an alien invasive species in the river thames, united kingdom, and elsewhere in europe. the crabs can cause considerable physical damage to the riverbeds and threaten native ecosystems. trapping has been considered an option, but such attempts to control mitten crab populations in germany in the 1930s failed. in the united kingdom, it has been suggested that commercial exploitation of the species could be employed as a control opti ... | 2009 | 19205465 |
| the history of british gynaecological pathology. | the venerable tradition of british gynaecological pathology is honoured by brief comments on those who have pioneered work in this arena, using as the starting point the remarkable scottish physician dr matthew baillie who, with his uncles, the legendary william and john hunter, can arguably be considered the founders of medicine in great britain. the impact of baillie's great work 'the morbid anatomy of some of the most important parts of the human body' is noted. because of the fame they achie ... | 2009 | 19207941 |
| the legal system. part 2: it's not just for lawyers. | this is the second part of the two-part article intended to provide an introduction to the foundation elements of the english legal system. the 'english legal system' is a rather generic term that is often used to refer to the different sources of law and the court system in which the law is practised. students of law will study the english legal system as a specific topic, but it is as equally important for those who work within a profession that is regulated by the law (as nursing is) to also ... | 2009 | 19223804 |
| community based yoga classes for type 2 diabetes: an exploratory randomised controlled trial. | yoga is a popular therapy for diabetes but its efficacy is contested. the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of researching community based yoga classes in type 2 diabetes with a view to informing the design of a definitive, multi-centre trial | 2009 | 19228402 |
| interlending and document supply trends in nhs north west health libraries 2003/2004 to 2006/2007. | the library and information for health network north west (lihnn) represents health libraries in cheshire, cumbria, greater manchester, isle of man, lancashire, merseyside and wirral. lihnn members take part in a regional co-operative network supporting interlending and document supply. | 2009 | 19245641 |
| influence of socio-demographic factors on distances travelled to access hiv services: enhanced surveillance of hiv patients in north west england. | patient choice and access to health care is compromised by many barriers including travel distance. individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can seek free specialist care in britain, without a referral, providing flexible access to care services. willingness to travel beyond local services for preferred care has funding and service implications. data from an enhanced hiv surveillance system were used to explore geodemographic and clinical factors associated with accessing treatmen ... | 2009 | 19267895 |
| evaluation of a modified early warning system for acute medical admissions and comparison with c-reactive protein/albumin ratio as a predictor of patient outcome. | the modified early warning score (mews) was developed as a track and trigger tool for the prompt identification of seriously ill patients on an acute medical ward. this paper examines its value in the setting of an acute medical admissions unit (mau) and compares it to biochemical markers of acute and chronic disease. three hundred unselected acute admissions to the mau of the queen elizabeth hospital, gateshead, were assessed. correlations between mews score and c-reactive protein (crp) and alb ... | 2009 | 19271597 |
| human toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic. | a pilot study was conducted to determine the applicability of toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic (as) levels. a total of 17 individuals were recruited for the pilot study: 8 residents living near to a former as mine, devon, uk, forming the exposed group, plus 9 residents from nottinghamshire, uk, with no anticipated as exposure who were used for comparison as a control group. all toenail samples were thoroughly washed prior to analysis and the wash solutions re ... | 2009 | 19280039 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from wild bird populations in northern england. | campylobacter infections have been reported at prevalences ranging from 2 to 50% in a range of wild bird species, although there have been few studies that have investigated the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter spp. consequently, whether wild birds are a source of infection in humans or domestic livestock or are mainly recipients of domestic animal strains and whether separate cycles of infection occur remain unknown. to address these questions, serial cross-sectional surveys of wild bird ... | 2009 | 19286781 |
| producing medico-legal evidence: documentation of torture versus the saudi arabian state of denial. | five british men were detained and allegedly tortured in saudi arabia in 2000 and 2001. two were sentenced to death and three were sentenced to 12 to 18 years of imprisonment. they received clemency in 2003 and were deported to england. after their homecoming, the men have unsuccessfully attempted to sue saudi arabian officials who had been responsible for their false accusations and human rights abuses. saudi arabia denies any form of torture and ill treatment of the five men, who maintain thei ... | 2007 | 19289891 |
| investigation of an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar newport infection. | a large outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infection occurred in northern ireland during september and october 2004. typing of isolates from patients confirmed that this strain was indistinguishable from that in concurrent outbreaks in regions of england, in scotland and in the isle of man. a total of 130 cases were distributed unequally across local government district areas in northern ireland. the epidemic curve suggested a continued exposure over about 4 weeks. a matched case-c ... | 2009 | 19296871 |
| extending specialist palliative care to people with heart failure: semantic, historical and practical limitations to policy guidelines. | this paper explores the continuities and discontinuities in recent policy on the extension of palliative care to people with heart failure in the uk. it focuses on how professionals in cardiology and specialist palliative care negotiate their disciplinary boundaries within the context of these policy moves. it draws out the semantic, historical and practical tensions between the core values of cardiology, with its focus on 'living with heart failure', and specialist palliative medicine, with its ... | 2009 | 19297064 |
| man-midwives. | | 2009 | 19297647 |
| patients' and doctors' views on depression severity questionnaires incentivised in uk quality and outcomes framework: qualitative study. | to gain understanding of general practitioners' and patients' opinions of the routine introduction of standardised measures of severity of depression through the uk general practice quality and outcomes framework. | 2009 | 19299474 |
| antenatal screening and prevalence of infection: surveillance in london, 2000-2007. | in the united kingdom (uk), it is recommended to universally offer antenatal infection screening for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b and syphilis infections, and susceptibility to rubella for the benefit of the mother and to reduce vertical transmission of infection. this paper describes the surveillance of antenatal infection including uptake of screening, and the results of testing in pregnant women in london between 2000 and 2007. antenatal screening coordinators in liaison wi ... | 2009 | 19317973 |
| a chance meeting. | | 2009 | 19318370 |
| call to volunteer. | volunteers can contribute a great deal to people receiving health or social care. some of the quirky activities they offer are contact with owls and the provision of arts and crafts materials. | 2009 | 19323106 |
| osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand and risk for coronary events: a nested case-control approach in the prospective epic-norfolk population study 1993-2003. | the purpose of this study was to examine the association between serum levels of osteoprotegerin (opg) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand (rankl) and future coronary artery disease (cad) in apparently healthy individuals. the identification of opg as a novel cardiovascular risk marker suggests an association between mediators of bone homeostasis and cardiovascular disease. | 2009 | 19325145 |
| risk factors for the occurrence of escherichia coli virulence genes eae, stx1 and stx2 in wild bird populations. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) can cause serious disease in human beings. ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir of human stec infections. however, stec have also been isolated from other domestic animals, wild mammals and birds. we describe a cross-sectional study of wild birds in northern england to determine the prevalence of e. coli-containing genes that encode shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) and intimin (eae), important virulence determinants of stec associated with h ... | 2009 | 19327201 |
| surgical research in the uk. | this review focuses on the history of, and recent developments in, the law and ethics of research with practical advice for surgeons conducting clinical research. legal references apply to england and wales or to scotland, but the underlying ethical principles reflect modern approaches taken internationally. | 2009 | 19335967 |
| characterization of the vasodilatory action of testosterone in the human pulmonary circulation. | to assess for the first time the vasodilatory effect of testosterone in the human pulmonary circulation utilizing both isolated human pulmonary arteries and isolated perfused human lungs. in addition, a secondary aim was to determine whether there was any difference in the response to testosterone dependent upon gender. | 2008 | 19337559 |
| temporal patterns and risk factors for escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter spp, in young cattle. | escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens originating from farm animals. cattle are the main reservoir for e. coli o157 and also contribute to human cases of campylobacteriosis through contaminated milk, direct contact, and environmental contamination. thirty groups of young cattle on 30 farms were observed for 7 months and sampled on 4 to 6 separate occasions for e. coli o157 and c. jejuni/coli to characterize shedding patterns and identify ris ... | 2009 | 19343935 |
| surgeons' experience of learning psychological skills: a preliminary evaluation of a psychological skills training course. | a range of human factors have been shown to impact on surgical performance although little is known about the impact of training on the views of surgeons towards these factors or how receptive surgeons are to such training. | 2009 | 19344556 |
| dioxin and pcb contamination in chinese mitten crabs: human consumption as a control mechanism for an invasive species. | the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis is an invasive species in north american and northeastern european rivers and estuaries, especially the thames, england, with the potential to cause considerable ecological and structural environmental damage. the brown meat of sexually ripe mitten crabs is highly prized in far eastern restaurants, suggesting that harvesting for culinary purposes offers a potential population control mechanism. we have analyzed tissues of thames and dutch mitten crabs f ... | 2009 | 19350945 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls in domestic dust from canada, new zealand, united kingdom and united states: implications for human exposure. | ingestion of indoor dust has been highlighted as an important pathway of exposure to brominated flame retardants. hence, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined in indoor dust from homes in amarillo/austin, tx, usa (n=20; median concentration=200 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); birmingham, uk (n=20; 48 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); toronto, canada (n=10; 260 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); and wellington, new zealand (n=20; 46 ng sigma pcb g(-1)). concentrations in canadian and us samples were statistically indisting ... | 2009 | 19356786 |
| recent origin and spread of a common welsh mapt splice mutation causing frontotemporal lobar degeneration. | ivs10+16c>t is the most prevalent mutation in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene (mapt) causing frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ftld) in populations of british descent. a highly conserved 17q21 haplotype was identified in ivs10+16c>t chromosomes from north wales, greater manchester and the london areas of the uk, australia, and the usa, suggesting the occurrence of a common founder effect. to test this hypothesis, the age of the mutation was estimated by parametric and bayesian analy ... | 2009 | 19365643 |
| canine leishmaniosis in the united kingdom: a zoonotic disease waiting for a vector? | leishmaniosis is an important sand fly transmitted protozoan disease of dogs and humans. in northern europe, infection is mainly restricted to dogs that have travelled to and/or from endemic areas of the mediterranean region during periods when there is high sand fly exposure, mostly between march and november. infected dogs in these areas in northern latitudes are a potential reservoir should incursion of a competent vector occur. however, information on the scale of the potential reservoir in ... | 2009 | 19369005 |
| mental capacity to consent to treatment and admission decisions in older adult psychiatric inpatients. | there is little information about older adult psychiatric inpatients' capacity to consent to clinical decisions. in younger adults, lack of capacity is associated with poor insight and psychosis rather than cognitive impairment. we assessed the prevalence and predictors of mental capacity to make treatment and admission decisions in older psychiatric inpatients, and asked their views about who should make these decisions. | 2009 | 19378346 |
| bipartisan politics and practical knowledge: advertising of public science in two london newspapers, 1695-1720. | this article explores the enticement of consumers for natural philosophy (buyers of books, audiences at public lectures and purchasers of instruments) in london between 1695 and 1720 through advertisements placed in two political newspapers. this twenty-five-year period witnessed both the birth of public science and the rage of party politics. a consideration of public science adverts within the whig-leaning post man and the tory-leaning post boy reveals that members of both the whig and tory pa ... | 2008 | 19391417 |
| the synergistic effect of autograft and bmp-7 in the treatment of atrophic nonunions. | combining autologous bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (bmp-7) to treat long-bone fracture aseptic atrophic nonunions theoretically could promote bone healing at higher rates than each of these grafting agents separately. we retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on patient general characteristics, clinical outcomes, and complications over 3 years to determine the healing rates and the incidence of complications and adverse events of this "graft expansi ... | 2009 | 19396502 |
| what motivated dr david livingstone (1813-73) in his work in africa? | born of humble beginnings in a scottish mill-town, david livingstone would become one of the great explorers of the 19th century, traversing 30,000 miles of unknown africa. his pioneering spirit and inquisitive mind brought knowledge and discoveries in the fields of tropical medicine, linguistics, botany, zoology, anthropology and geology. while it can be argued that livingstone exhibited contradictions and shortcomings as a man, he nonetheless grasped the imagination of victorian britain and he ... | 2009 | 19401513 |
| samuel alderman lomas (1838-1901) the man with two gravestones, his brother muscot atkin lomas (1840-1907) and their lives in victorian asylums. | samuel alderman lomas died in the hertfordshire county asylum, hill end, st albans in 1901. he was buried in the asylum cemetery where two gravestones bear his name. this paper traces his life history and that of his brother muscot atkin lomas. both were classed as idiots in victorian society and spent most of their lives -- from childhood until death -- in asylums. | 2009 | 19401514 |
| temporal perspective and parental intention to accept the human papillomavirus vaccination for their daughter. | a school-based vaccination programme to prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (hpv), the virus that causes cervical cancer, began in october 2008 in england. the present study evaluated the role of temporal perspective in the formation of attitudes and intentions towards the vaccine. | 2010 | 19402950 |
| cryptosporidium sp. rabbit genotype, a newly identified human pathogen. | | 2009 | 19402985 |
| verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli o157 in animals on public amenity premises in england and wales, 1997 to 2007. | at the request of the public health authorities, 31 public amenity premises in england and wales containing animals of various species were investigated for the presence of verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec) o157 between 1997 and 2007, because of putative associations with human cases. vtec o157 was confirmed in one or more species on 19 (61.3 per cent) of the premises. there were significant associations between the presence of vtec o157 and the number of species sampled, the size of the ... | 2009 | 19411683 |
| no association between cholinergic muscarinic receptor 2 (chrm2) genetic variation and cognitive abilities in three independent samples. | cognitive ability has a substantial genetic component and more than 15 candidate genes have been identified over the past 8 years. one gene that has been associated with general cognitive ability is the cholinergic muscarinic 2 receptor (chrm2). in an attempt to replicate this finding we typed marker rs8191992 (the originally reported chrm2 snp) in two population based cohorts-one scottish aged over 50 years (n = 2,091) and the other english comprising non-demented elderly participants (n = 758) ... | 2009 | 19418213 |
| drug-resistant salmonella typhimurium dt 120: use of pfge and mlva in a putative international outbreak investigation. | isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium belonging to definitive phage type (dt) 120 (salmonella typhimurium dt 120) from simultaneous outbreaks of infection in the england and denmark have been compared on the basis of antibiogram, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), and multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva). isolates from england had the resistance profile (ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline), mlva profiles 2-4-4-0-2, 2-4-5-0-2, ... | 2009 | 19432517 |
| model answers or trivial pursuits? the role of mathematical models in influenza pandemic preparedness planning. | the panzootic of h5n1 influenza in birds has raised concerns that the virus will mutate to spread more readily in people, leading to a human pandemic. mathematical models have been used to interpret past pandemics and outbreaks, and to thus model possible future pandemic scenarios and interventions. we review historical influenza outbreak and transmission data, and discuss the way in which modellers have used such sources to inform model structure and assumptions. we suggest that urban attack ra ... | 2007 | 19432634 |
| the effect of exclusion of cases with unrecorded best estimate of gestational age on the estimates of preterm birth rate. | to investigate the effect of excluding cases with unrecorded best estimate of gestational age at birth on pregnancy outcome reporting and to determine the reasons for unrecorded gestational age data. | 2009 | 19438493 |
| inflammatory markers and growth in south asian and european origin infants in britain: the manchester children's growth and vascular health study. | given the high risk of cardiovascular disease in south asians and the importance of inflammation in coronary heart disease we tested the hypothesis that circulating c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin 6 (il-6) would be higher in healthy british born infants of south asian origin than in infants of european origin in the first 2 years of life. | 2009 | 19439300 |
| will the nhs continue to function in an influenza pandemic? a survey of healthcare workers in the west midlands, uk. | if uk healthcare services are to respond effectively to pandemic influenza, levels of absenteeism amongst healthcare workers (hcws) must be minimised. current estimates of the likelihood that hcws will continue to attend work during a pandemic are subject to scientific and predictive uncertainty, yet an informed evidence base is needed if contingency plans addressing the issues of hcw absenteeism are to be prepared. | 2009 | 19442272 |
| protecting infants against measles in england and wales: a review. | to establish the most appropriate age ranges for the use of human normal immunoglobulin and mmr vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis. | 2009 | 19457878 |
| ecosystem service benefits of contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated region. | the hope among policy-makers and scientists alike is that conservation strategies designed to protect biodiversity also provide direct benefits to people by protecting other vital ecosystem services. the few studies that have examined the delivery of ecosystem services by existing conservation efforts have concentrated on large, 'wilderness'-style biodiversity reserves. however, such reserves are not realistic options for densely populated regions. here, we provide the first analyses that compar ... | 2009 | 19474040 |
| a randomised controlled trial to compare minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices with conventional monitoring in the management of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (mitre). | to evaluate whether the additional information provided by minimally invasive glucose monitors results in improved glycaemic control in people with poorly controlled insulin-requiring diabetes, and to assess the acceptability and health economic impact of the devices. | 2009 | 19476724 |
| a strange and surprising debate: mountains, original sin and 'science' in seventeenth-century england. | it could come as a shock to learn that some seventeenth-century men of science and learning thought that mountains were bad. even more alarmingly, some thought that god had imposed them on the earth to punish man for his sins. by the end of the seventeenth century, surprisingly many english natural philosophers and theologians were engaged in a debate about whether mountains were 'good' or 'bad', useful or useless. at stake in this debate were not just the careers of its participants, but argume ... | 2009 | 19477013 |
| human metapneumovirus: a new threat? | | 2009 | 19478119 |
| statistical modeling suggests that antiandrogens in effluents from wastewater treatment works contribute to widespread sexual disruption in fish living in english rivers. | the widespread occurrence of feminized male fish downstream of some wastewater treatment works has led to substantial interest from ecologists and public health professionals. this concern stems from the view that the effects observed have a parallel in humans, and that both phenomena are caused by exposure to mixtures of contaminants that interfere with reproductive development. the evidence for a "wildlife-human connection" is, however, weak: testicular dysgenesis syndrome, seen in human males ... | 2009 | 19479024 |
| research involving adults who lack capacity: how have research ethics committees interpreted the requirements? | two separate regulatory regimes govern research with adults who lack capacity to consent in england and wales: the mental capacity act (mca) 2005 and the medicines for human use (clinical trials) regulations 2004 ("the regulations"). a service evaluation was conducted to investigate how research ethics committees (recs) are interpreting the requirements. with the use of a coding scheme and qualitative software, a sample of rec decision letters where applicants indicated that their project involv ... | 2009 | 19482983 |
| familial spontaneous pneumothorax and lung cysts due to a folliculin exon 10 mutation. | approximately 10% of patients who have a spontaneous pneumothorax have a positive family history. in 1977, birt, hogg and dube (bhd) described a genodermatosis characterised by benign tumours of the hair follicle that has been associated with renal neoplasms and spontaneous pneumothorax. the bhd locus is located on chromosome 17p11.2 and is now known to be due to heterozygous germline mutations in the folliculin gene. we report three generations of an english family who suffered spontaneous pneu ... | 2009 | 19483054 |
| the english diaspora: discovering scotland's invisible migrants - 1945 to 2000. | | 2002 | 19489176 |
| an integrated tool to assess the role of new planting in pm10 capture and the human health benefits: a case study in london. | the role of vegetation in mitigating the effects of pm(10) pollution has been highlighted as one potential benefit of urban greenspace. an integrated modelling approach is presented which utilises air dispersion (adms-urban) and particulate interception (ufore) to predict the pm(10) concentrations both before and after greenspace establishment, using a 10 x 10 km area of east london green grid (elgg) as a case study. the corresponding health benefits, in terms of premature mortality and respirat ... | 2009 | 19501436 |
| the british river of the future: how climate change and human activity might affect two contrasting river ecosystems in england. | the possible effects of changing climate on a southern and a north-eastern english river (the thames and the yorkshire ouse, respectively) were examined in relation to water and ecological quality throughout the food web. the classic hydrological model, driven by output from the hadley centre climate model (hadcm3), based on ipcc low and high co(2) emission scenarios for 2080 were used as the basis for the analysis. compared to current conditions, the classic model predicted lower flows for both ... | 2009 | 19505713 |
| a comparison of exposure to carcinogens among roll-your-own and factory-made cigarette smokers. | consumption of roll-your-own (ryo) tobacco is rising, but little is known about its in vivo delivery of toxins relative to factory-made (fm) cigarettes. to start to address this issue, this study compared the concentrations of metabolites of recognized human carcinogens in smokers of ryo tobacco and fm cigarettes. we opportunistically recruited 127 fm and 28 ryo cigarette smokers in central london and collected saliva and urine samples. saliva samples were assayed for cotinine while urinary samp ... | 2009 | 19523045 |
| estimating progression rates for human papillomavirus infection from epidemiological data. | a markov model was constructed in order to estimate type-specific rates of cervical lesion progression and regression in women with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv). the model was fitted to age- and type-specific data regarding the hpv dna and cytological status of women undergoing cervical screening in a recent screening trial, as well as cervical cancer incidence. it incorporates different assumptions about the way lesions regress, the accuracy of cytological screening, the specificity of ... | 2010 | 19525483 |
| an exploratory study of the effect of using high-mix biphasic insulin aspart in people with type 2 diabetes. | to compare blood glucose control when using biphasic insulin aspart (biasp) three times a day (using 70/30 high-mix before breakfast and lunch), with biphasic human insulin (bhi, 30/70) twice daily in adults with type 2 diabetes already treated with insulin. | 2009 | 19527481 |
| association of variants in the pcsk1 gene with obesity in the epic-norfolk study. | recently, the rs6232 (n221d) and rs6235 (s690t) snps in the pcsk1 gene were associated with obesity in a meta-analysis comprising more than 13 000 individuals of european ancestry. each additional minor allele of rs6232 or rs6235 was associated with a 1.34- or 1.22-fold increase in the risk of obesity, respectively. so far, only one relatively small study has aimed to replicate these findings, but could not confirm the association of the rs6235 snp and did not study the rs6232 variant. in the pr ... | 2009 | 19528091 |
| hpv testing in combination with liquid-based cytology in primary cervical screening (artistic): a randomised controlled trial. | testing for human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is reportedly more sensitive than cytology for the detection of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). the effectiveness of hpv testing in primary cervical screening was assessed in the artistic trial, which was done over two screening rounds approximately 3 years apart (2001-03 and 2004-07) by comparing liquid-based cytology (lbc) combined with hpv testing against lbc alone. | 2009 | 19540162 |
| prepared for a 'flu pandemic? i don't think so... | | 2009 | 19540578 |
| cost of treatment and qalys lost due to genital warts: data for the economic evaluation of hpv vaccines in the united kingdom. | data on the burden of genital warts in terms of treatment costs and detriment to quality of life (qol) are required to assess cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination. we investigated the cost of treatment and period of time for which qol is affected to obtain estimates of quality-adjusted life year (qaly) loss associated with an episode of genital warts. | 2009 | 19543143 |
| improving adherence to gh therapy with an electronic device: first experience with easypod. | endocrinology units in the uk and eire have, in recent years, moved away from offering a narrow range of injection devices and products to patients starting growth hormone (gh) treatment, and now most (approximately 90%) offer some form of patient choice. survey results from a unit in birmingham, uk, have shown that it is not possible to predict which device will be selected by a given patient based on their sex, age or diagnostic category. across the uk, there is, however, wide variability in t ... | 2009 | 19550392 |
| characterization of genetically diverse hiv type 1 from a london cohort: near full-length genomic analysis of a subtype h strain. | hiv-1 is characterized by an exceptional level of sequence diversity and a rapid rate of evolution. hiv diversity has implications for reliability of assays designed to detect and monitor infection, pathogenesis, disease progression, response to antiviral therapeutics, resistance pathways, and vaccine development. in the present study, hiv-1 strain diversity was assessed for a small clinical cohort (n = 15) from london, england at risk for infection with non-subtype b strains. analysis of gag p2 ... | 2009 | 19552591 |
| temperance, alcohol, and the american evangelical: a reassessment. | abstinence from alcohol is a way of life for many american evangelicals, with rates of abstention running at over 70% among some pentecostal denominations. this paper examines the religious beliefs that, historically, have supported teetotalism. the most notable of these is christian perfection, a doctrine that originated in 18th-century england, that was then radicalized in america in the early 19th century. abstinence from alcohol is highest among denominations that make christian perfection t ... | 2009 | 19563558 |
| variation at the anp32a gene is associated with risk of hip osteoarthritis in women. | the anp32a gene encodes a tumor suppressor molecule that plays a regulatory role in apoptosis and interferes with canonical wnt signaling in vitro. we undertook this study to test whether genetic variation at anp32a was associated with osteoarthritis (oa) in women. | 2009 | 19565487 |
| "no one has ever asked for it back!" a survey assessing the fate of reusable external fixation equipment in mortuaries. | technicians from one hundred and eighteen human tissue authority (hta) approved mortuaries licensed to perform post-mortems in england completed a telephone interview. all were questioned on whether they had contact with reusable external fixators, who was responsible for the removal, the number removed annually, and the destination of the fixator post-removal. opinion was sought on how the return of the equipment could be better facilitated. seventy-four of the technicians interviewed could rem ... | 2010 | 19570535 |
| public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. | to assess whether perceptions of the swine flu outbreak predicted changes in behaviour among members of the public in england, scotland, and wales. | 2009 | 19574308 |
| matrix metalloproteinase-2 predicts mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. | the aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive value of mmp (matrix metalloproteinase)-2, mmp-3 and mmp-9 levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome for death, readmission with hf (heart failure) or recurrent mi (myocardial infarction) and to compare them with established markers, nt-probnp (n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide) and the grace (global registry of acute coronary events) score. a single blood test was taken 4 days after admission in 1024 consecutive patien ... | 2009 | 19583569 |
| preliminary descriptive epidemiology of a large school outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v in the west midlands, united kingdom, may 2009. | this report describes the preliminary results from the investigation of a large school outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v in birmingham, united kingdom in may 2009, when influenza a(h1n1)v was confirmed in 64 of 175 (36%) symptomatic pupils and members of staff. | 2009 | 19589329 |
| an outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v in a boarding school in south east england, may-june 2009. | an outbreak of influenza a(h1n1)v was confirmed in may and june 2009 in a boarding school in south east england involving 102 symptomatic cases with influenza-like illness. influenza a(h1n1)v infection was laboratory-confirmed by pcr in 62 pupils and one member of staff. | 2009 | 19589330 |
| influenza and inflation in tudor england. | | 1965 | 19591256 |
| cases of a/h1n1 flu are nearing epidemic levels in london and west midlands, say gps. | | 2009 | 19596723 |
| vitamin d receptor gene polymorphisms, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels, and melanoma: uk case-control comparisons and a meta-analysis of published vdr data. | we have carried out melanoma case-control comparisons for six vitamin d receptor (vdr) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d(3) levels in order to investigate the role of vitamin d in melanoma susceptibility. there was no significant evidence of an association between any vdr snp and risk in 1028 population-ascertained cases and 402 controls from leeds, uk. in a second leeds case-control study (299 cases and 560 controls) the foki t allele was associated with ... | 2009 | 19615888 |
| england to launch special flu service next week to take pressure off primary care. | | 2009 | 19620227 |
| the patient's view: john donne and katharine anne porter. | | 2009 | 19623683 |
| [100 million doses of vaccines for a billion euro]. | | 2009 | 19626936 |
| swine flu website inundated as cases in england double in a week. | | 2009 | 19633034 |
| feminizing the textual body: female readers consuming the literary annual. | | 2005 | 19637423 |
| compliance and side effects of prophylactic oseltamivir treatment in a school in south west england. | school closure along with mass prophylactic oseltamivir treatment of pupils have been used in england and elsewhere to contain school outbreaks of influenza a(h1n1)v. we evaluated the protective effect, compliance with and side effects of oseltamivir chemoprophylactic treatment with a ten-day course of 1x 75mg given to 11-12-year-old pupils in one school year in a secondary school in south west england closed for ten days in response to a symptomatic laboratory-confirmed pupil. we distributed a ... | 2009 | 19643061 |
| oseltamivir adherence and side effects among children in three london schools affected by influenza a(h1n1)v, may 2009 - an internet-based cross-sectional survey. | this report describes the results of a cross-sectional anonymised online survey on adherence to, and side effects from oseltamivir when offered for prophylaxis, among pupils from one primary and two secondary schools with confirmed cases of influenza a(h1n1)v in london in april-may 2009. of 103 respondents (response rate 40%), 95 were estimated to have been offered oseltamivir for prophylaxis, of whom 85 (89%) actually took any. less than half (48%) of primary schoolchildren completed a full cou ... | 2009 | 19643062 |
| modelling the impact of an influenza a/h1n1 pandemic on critical care demand from early pathogenicity data: the case for sentinel reporting. | projected critical care demand for pandemic influenza h1n1 in england was estimated in this study. the effect of varying hospital admission rates under statistical uncertainty was examined. early in a pandemic, uncertainty in epidemiological parameters leads to a wide range of credible scenarios, with projected demand ranging from insignificant to overwhelming. however, even small changes to input assumptions make the major incident scenario increasingly likely. before any cases are admitted to ... | 2009 | 19645759 |
| critical care bed capacity during the flu pandemic: implications for anaesthetic and critical care departments. | | 2009 | 19645760 |
| swine flu incidence in england is slowing down. | | 2009 | 19651687 |
| report of two unlinked cases of infant botulism in the uk in october 2007. | infant botulism is a rare disease in the uk, with the first case being recognized in 1978 and only five subsequent cases being reported before 2007. this study reports two unlinked cases of infant botulism, caused by two distinct strains of clostridium botulinum (toxin types a and b, respectively), that occurred within a single month in the south-east of england in october 2007. the use of real-time pcr to detect c. botulinum neurotoxin genes in clinical specimens to improve the diagnostic proce ... | 2009 | 19661202 |
| nevirapine increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration by stimulation of apolipoprotein a-i production. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti) nevirapine (nvp) increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdlc) in treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1)-infected patients. | 2009 | 19667106 |
| a/h1n1 pandemic. too soon for congratulations. | | 2009 | 19671603 |
| lumbar vertebral morphology and isthmic spondylolysis in a british medieval population. | the british medieval population from wharram percy, england, has a greater prevalence of isthmic spondylolysis (11.9% of skeletons, 8.5% at the l5 level) than in modern populations (3%-6%). this may in part be due to differences in activity patterns between groups. however, ward and latimer (spine 30 [2005] 1808-1814) proposed that the likelihood of developing and maintaining spondylolytic defects is also influenced by a lack of sufficient increase in mediolateral separation between articular pr ... | 2010 | 19672847 |
| determinants of personal exposure to pm2.5, ultrafine particle counts, and co in a transport microenvironment. | short-term human exposure concentrations to pm2.5, ultrafine particle counts (particle range: 0.02-1 microm), and carbon monoxide (co) were investigated at and around a street canyon intersection in central london, uk. during a four week field campaign, groups of four volunteers collected samples at three timings (morning, lunch, and afternoon), along two different routes (a heavily trafficked route and a backstreet route) via five modes of transport (walking, cycling, bus, car, and taxi). this ... | 2009 | 19673259 |
| disease presentation in relation to infection foci for non-pregnancy-associated human listeriosis in england and wales, 2001 to 2007. | listeriosis is a rare but severe food-borne disease, affecting unborn or newly delivered infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. the epidemiology of listeriosis in england and wales changed between 2001 and 2007, with more patients > or = 60 years old presenting with bacteremia (but without central nervous system [cns] involvement). in order to explain this increase and understand the altered disease presentation, clinical, microbiological, and seasonal data on bacteremic cases of liste ... | 2009 | 19675217 |
| [joseph toynbee--otologist, scientist, philanthropist]. | joseph tonbee's life's work may be summarized in the words of william wilde: "the labours and investigations of mr. toynbee have affected more for aural pathology than those of all his predecessors either in england or on the continent". some idea of the extent of his researches is given by the fact that he dissected some 2.000 ears. these preparations formed the toynbee collection in the museum of the royal college of surgeons of england. he wrote the results of his researches in a catalogue th ... | 2009 | 19681496 |
| four at-risk groups will be first to be vaccinated against swine flu, says chief medical officer. | | 2009 | 19687089 |
| a non-synonymous variant in adh1b is strongly associated with prenatal alcohol use in a european sample of pregnant women. | pregnant women are advised to abstain from alcohol despite insufficient evidence on the fetal consequences of moderate prenatal alcohol use. mendelian randomization could help distinguish causal effects from artifacts due to residual confounding and measurement errors; however, polymorphisms reliably associated with alcohol phenotypes are needed. we aimed to test whether alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) gene variants were associated with alcohol use before and during pregnancy. ten variants in four a ... | 2009 | 19687126 |
| a tribute to barney marriott. | in this brief tribute to barney marriott, i wanted to share the story of his life both personal and professional. barney was a great man, friend, physician, mentor, teacher, and/or colleague to thousands of physicians, nurses, technicians, and industry groups worldwide, many of whom may not be aware of his passing on august 31, 2007. one simply could not have gotten through cardiology training at any level without having been exposed to 1 of his 21 textbooks or his 140 plus journal articles, or ... | 2009 | 19695376 |
| clinical characteristics of paediatric h1n1 admissions in birmingham, uk. | | 2009 | 19700001 |
| incidence of swine flu in england continues to fall, but winter surge is predicted. | | 2009 | 19700521 |
| a cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and population attributable fractions for limb and body lesions in lactating sows on commercial farms in england. | lesions on sows' limbs and bodies are an abnormality that might impact on their welfare. the prevalence of and risks for limb and body lesions on lactating sows on commercial english pig farms were investigated using direct observation of the sows and their housing. | 2009 | 19703273 |
| hereditary hemochromatosis gene (hfe) variants are associated with birth weight and childhood leukemia risk. | our original studies reported an association between the iron-metabolism gene hfe and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), and a birth weight association in all. through its effect on cell proliferation, iron is involved in both fetal development and cancer. we hypothesize that hfe links higher infant birth weight with leukemia risk and that maternal hfe genotype modifies this association. | 2009 | 19711434 |
| surgeons prepared for every eventuality. | aspiring and experienced surgeons across the west midlands can now hone their skills in a highly realistic simulated operating theatre environment following the recent opening of a new surgical skills training centre at the university hospital of coventry and warwickshire, said to be among the uk's first such facilities to offer training using real human tissue. the west midlands surgical training centre also incorporates audiovisual and ip technology that will enable surgical procedures to be t ... | 2009 | 19711670 |
| the importance of school and social activities in the transmission of influenza a(h1n1)v: england, april - june 2009. | during the containment phase in the united kingdom (april to june 2009), a cluster of influenza a(h1n1)v cases was identified prompting further investigation and public health action by the health protection agency. the first confirmed case, a pupil at a school in england, was imported. during the following two weeks, 16 further cases were confirmed with epidemiological links to the first imported case. in this cluster, we found that significant transmission occurred in two classes with attack r ... | 2009 | 19712642 |
| monitoring the emergence of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 in england: a cross sectional opportunistic survey of self sampled telephone callers to nhs direct. | to evaluate ascertainment of the onset of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 (swine flu) in england during the earliest phase of the epidemic through comparing data from two surveillance systems. | 2009 | 19713236 |
| mortality in adult intensive care patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndromes is strongly associated with the hypo-immune tnf -238a polymorphism. | the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) is associated with activation of innate immunity. we studied the association between mortality and measures of disease severity in the intensive care unit (icu) and functional polymorphisms in genes coding for toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (mif), tumour necrosis factor (tnf) and lymphotoxin-alpha (lta). two hundred thirty-three patients with severe sirs were recruited from one general adult icu in a tertiary ... | 2009 | 19714324 |
| anatomy, technology, art, and culture: toward a realistic perspective of the brain. | in the 15th century, brain illustration began to change from a schematic system that involved scant objective rendering of the brain, to accurate depictions based on anatomical dissections that demanded significant artistic talent. notable examples of this innovation are the drawings of leonardo da vinci (1498-1504), andreas vesalius' association with the bottega of titian to produce the drawings of vesalius' de humani corporis fabrica (1543), and christopher wren's illustrations for thomas will ... | 2009 | 19722816 |