| time budget of caged rhesus monkeys exposed to a companion, a pvc perch, and a piece of wood for an extended time. | the present investigation assesses the percentage of time that rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) are kept occupied by a more complex cage environment. sixty animals were continuously exposed for at least 1.5 years to a compatible companion for social interaction, a suspended plastic pipe for perching, and a branch segment for gnawing. the behavior of the partners of each pair was recorded for 60 minutes when the animals were not distracted by human activities. individuals spent an average of 23.5% ... | 1990 | 31963999 |
| reactivity patterns of class i hla monoclonal antibodies that distinguish three species of macaques. | the reactivity of a panel of 40 monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for hla class i antigens was assessed in 117 unrelated macaca mulatta (mm), with a standard microcytotoxicity assay, in order to compare phenotypic frequencies with those previously reported for m. fascicularis (mfl) and m. nemestrina (mn). based on the reactivity with hla typed human cell panels, the epitopes recognized by these mab in macaques were classified as nonpolymorphic, polymorphic "public," and polymorphic "private." ... | 1990 | 31963988 |
| behavioral responses of unrelated adult male rhesus monkeys familiarized and paired for the purpose of environmental enrichment. | an attempt was made to pair ten unrelated, adult male rhesus monkeys that had been kept in single cages for several years. potential companions were first given the opportunity to establish clear-cut rank relationships (unidirectional fear-grinning and/or withdrawing) during a 5-day period of noncontact familiarization. only then were they paired in a different double cage. rank relationships were confirmed within the first 6 minutes after pairing without the occurrence of any biting and fightin ... | 1989 | 31964055 |
| female dominance rank and behavior during artificial menstrual cycles in social groups of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | we recently reported (michael & zumpe: american journal of primatology 15:157-170, 1988) evidence for the hypothesis that copulations by pairs of rhesus monkeys are linked more closely to the ovulatory phase of the female's menstrual cycle when a male has access to several females in different cycle phases rather than access to females in the same cycle phase. we have now used data from this earlier study to assess the role of female dominance. artificial menstrual cycles were induced with hormo ... | 1989 | 31964054 |
| color vision variations in old and new world primates. | it has long been recognized that there are significant individual variations in color vision among humans. recently, even more widespread individual variation in color vision has been found to occur in members of several genera of new world monkeys. this article addresses the question of whether a representative genus of old world monkeys, macaca, expresses individual variations in color vision. the principal approach was to compare behavioral measurements of increment-threshold spectral sensiti ... | 1989 | 31964048 |
| metabolic abnormalities among free-ranging macaca mulatta on cayo santiago: comparisons with macaca mulatta at sabana seca. | free-ranging rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) were examined on the island of cayo santiago (cs), puerto rico, with intravenous glucose tolerance tests (iv-gtts). results were compared to monkeys derived from the island, but subsequently housed in corrals or gang cages at sabana seca (ss). glucose clearance was similar among cs and ss macaques (range 2.99 to 4.50%min); both cs and ss males had significantly greater fasting serum glucose levels (63 ± 1 and 61 ± 2 mg/dl, respectively) than females; ... | 1990 | 31963976 |
| determination of bioactive fsh in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | studies of the reproductive biology of nonhuman primates are commonly hindered by the lack of homologous, sensitive immunoassay systems for gonadotropins. the recent development of a bioassay based upon folliclestimulating hormone (fsh)‐stimulated estradiol production by rat sertoli cells (padmanabhan et al.: endocrinology 121:1089–1098, 1987) offers a novel opportunity to expand our knowledge of the physiological importance and regulation of this important reproductive hormone in these species. ... | 1990 | 31963971 |
| inanimate environmental enrichment for group-housed rhesus macaque infants. | the behavior of peer-reared infant rhesus macaques raised in enriched and nonenriched housing conditions was examined in order to evaluate the utility and effectiveness of object enrichment in a group housing setting. environmental enrichment consisted of apparatuses designed to promote motor activity and to provide response-contingent feedback. four animals in each condition were tested over a 14-month period. behavioral observations were conducted in the home cage and during several test situa ... | 1990 | 31963966 |
| the relationship of serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the enzyme immunoassay measurements of urinary estrone conjugates and immunoreactive pregnanediol-3-glucuronide in macaca mulatta. | paired urine and serum samples from four conceptive and six nonconceptive ovarian cycles of seven adult macaca mullatta were analyzed by radioimmunoassay (ria) for circulating estradiol (e2) and progesterone (po), and urinary estrone conjugates (e1c) and immunoreactive preganediol-3-glucuronide (ipdg) using enzyme immunoassay (eia). nonconceptive cycles exhibited a fivefold increase in urinary e1c and serum e2 levels from follicular phase levels to the preovulatory peak. linear correlation betwe ... | 1990 | 31963959 |
| consistency in maternal behavior within families of free-ranging rhesus monkeys: an extension of the concept of maternal style. | this paper assesses the extent to which free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago show consistent mother-infant interaction with individual infants over time and consistent maternal styles from one infant to another. inter-pair differences in several measures of mother-infant interaction related to proximity and contact were correlated positively and highly significantly between 6-week age periods. analysis of variance methods were used to show that, after the first 6 weeks, ... | 1990 | 31952425 |
| direct effect of estradiol-17β on progesterone accumulation by ovarian granulosa cells from rhesus monkeys. | we have previously demonstrated that estradiol-17β (e2) administered in vivo induces atresia of the dominant ovarian follicle (df). whether this effect is exerted directly at the ovarian level or by central mediation has not been confirmed. the present study was designed to assess whether e2 in amounts similar to those found in monkey follicular fluid (ff) directly alters in vitro progesterone (p) accumulation by granulosa cells (gc) aspirated from follicles in cycling rhesus monkeys. follicular ... | 1989 | 31968851 |
| atresia of the dominant ovarian follicle in rhesus monkeys is detected within 24 hours of estradiol treatment. | following treatment with estradiol-17β (e2) on day 6 of the menstrual cycle, degenerative alterations in the microenvironment of the dominant follicle (df) (follicular fluid [ff], granulosa cells [gc], and oocyte) are readily apparent on day 10, or 96 h after e2 administration. the present study was designed to determine how early such changes could be detected and which indices of atresia were observed first. the df was identified during laparoscopy on day 5 or 6 of the cycle, and four capsules ... | 1989 | 31964039 |
| seasonal weight changes in male rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | adult male rhesus monkeys lose weight during the breeding season and regain it during the nonbreeding season. the annual pattern of maximum weight gain just prior to the onset of breeding resembles the seasonal "fattening" seen in squirrel monkeys, but the period of weight gain is less discrete. the magnitude of weight change is less in younger males, in that sexually immature males gain weight in both seasons, but significantly less during the breeding season. females do not lose weight during ... | 1989 | 31964034 |
| parasites of free-ranging cayo santiago macaques after 46 years of isolation. | three hundred and thirty seven macaca mulatta from a population that had been isolated on a small island off the coast of puerto rico for 46 years were examined for parasites. anatrichosoma cynamolgi (26%), strongyloides fuelleborni (54%); trichuris trichiura (23%); and balantidium coli (2%) were detected. toxoplasma antibodies were found in 10% of the sera examined. milk was examined for stronglyloides, and blood was examined for microfilariae and protozoa, but no parasites were found in these ... | 1989 | 31964032 |
| meal-induced increase in plasma gastrin immunoreactivity in the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | the hormonal response to food intake in rodents, dogs, and humans involves gastrin and cholecystokinin, structurally related peptides present in plasma, gut, and brain. in order to determine the time course of plasma gastrin response in a nonhuman primate, six overnight-fasted adult male rhesus monkeys were offered a meal of bananas (11g) and peanut butter (1 tbsp) or a fresh water bottle in a crossover design. all animals completely consumed the meal within 10 min. compared to non-fed control l ... | 1989 | 31964029 |
| free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta): i. body size, proportion, and allometry. | this paper presents comprehensive baseline data on body size and proportion of 661 (315 male, 346 female) free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) ranging in age from 24 hours to 25 years. all animals were born and raised in the free-ranging colony on cayo santiago, and exact ages were known for all. tabular data from this cross-sectional study are provided to enable comparisons with data from laboratory, wild, and other captive populations of rhesus monkeys, as well as with ot ... | 1989 | 31964019 |
| free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta): ii. passive joint mobility. | recent studies on the effects of caging on joint mobility and the correlations between joint mobility and use of the extremities have pointed out the need for baseline values that are readily available in the literature. this report provides normative data on the passive mobility of the major joints of free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). the sample in this cross-sectional study is large (661 animals including 315 males, 346 females), and it spans the entire age spectrum ( ... | 1989 | 31964017 |
| toward a comparative socioecology of the genus macaca: different dominance styles in rhesus and stumptail monkeys. | captive studies can make a unique contribution to primate socioecology by documenting species-typical social dispositions under controlled conditions. recent theories seek to connect the dominance relationships, group cohesiveness, and feeding ecology of primates. the present study explores the first two aspects by comparing the social organization of rhesus (macaca mulatta) and stumptail monkeys (m. arctoides). data were collected over a period of eight years, with five different methods, on th ... | 1989 | 31964014 |
| hormonal effects of early rearing conditions in the infant rhesus monkey. | mother-reared and nursery-reared rhesus monkeys were evaluated during the first month of life to assess the effects of early rearing on endocrine status in infancy. plasma cortisol and growth hormone (gh) levels were measured in two conditions: (1) basal and (2) 30 min following removal from either the mother or the nursery. nursery-reared infants had lower basal gh levels and higher cortisol levels than did mother-reared infants. both gh and cortisol levels rose significantly following separati ... | 1989 | 31964013 |
| determination of lactogenic activity in the serum of the squirrel monkey (saimiri boliviensis) using the nb2 lymphoma bioassay. | determination of squirrel monkey prolactin by immunoassay has been hampered by the lack of antiserum specific to prolactin from this species. as an alternate method, we have investigated whether the nb2 lymphoma bioassay could be adapted for routine measurement of the lactogenic activity of samples of squirrel monkey serum. the growth of the nb2 cells is absolutely dependent on the presence of lactogens in the culture medium. the cells were maintained in fisher's medium supplemented with 10% hor ... | 1989 | 31964009 |
| heterosis associated with regional crossbreeding between captive groups of rhesus macaques. | the lengths and weights of male and female chinese-indian hybrid rhesus macaques were compared with those of age- and sex-matched non-hybrid (indian) controls to assess the occurrence of heterosis (hybrid vigor). hybrid males and females had higher average, age-adjusted values of weight than nonhybrids. hybrid males, but not females, also had a higher average, age-adjusted length than nonhybrids. these results are consistent with the hypothesis that regional crossbreeding of rhesus monkeys foste ... | 1989 | 31964004 |
| a nonintrusive method for determining relative body fat in free-ranging monkeys. | a procedure is described for designing simple obesity rating scales for use with free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). ratings are based on observers' judgments of degree of overall obesity of individual monkeys. the procedure was tested separately on samples of males and females over 2 successive years. within each of these four samples, observers' judgments were both highly reliable and highly correlated with actual measures of body weight and with estimates of body fat based on morpho ... | 1988 | 32093435 |
| differentiall behavioral and adrenocortical responses to stress among three macaque species. | behavioral and adrenocortical responses of rhesus (macaca mulatta), bonnet (m. radiata), and crabeating (m. fascicularis) macaques were compared in their home cages, during exposure to novelty and during physical restraint. both behavioral and adrenocortical responses differentiated species in each condition. in all conditions, post-test corticosteroid levels were highest for crabeaters and lowest for rhesus. rhesus were the most active behaviorally, and bonnets were the most passive, while crab ... | 1988 | 32093434 |
| glucose disappearance rate in rhesus monkeys: some technical considerations. | the intravenous glucose tolerance test (ivgtt) has been widely used as a tool to assist in the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. glucose disappearance rate (kg) is calculated as an indicator of relative glucose tolerance; however, a standardized dose, consistent sampling times, and a consistent formula for the calculation of kg have not yet been established for rhesus monkeys. interpretation of results reported by different laboratories has, therefore, been rendered difficult. in the present study ... | 1988 | 31973454 |
| behavioral responses of unrelated rhesus monkey females paired for the purpose of environmental enrichment. | an attempt was made to socialize unrelated and unfamiliar adult rhesus monkey females that had lived in single cages for more than one year. partners first were given the opportunity for noncontact familiarization in partitioned double cages. they were then transferred into an ordinary double cage. clear-cut rank relationships were evident within the first 90 minutes of pair formation in 94% (17/18) of dyads tested. only 28% (5/18) of pairs resorted to fighting (in no case with infliction of ser ... | 1988 | 31973449 |
| combining scientific experimentation with conventional housing: a pilot study with rhesus monkeys. | in search of a method to increase the validity of experimental data and simultaneously counteract the negative consequences of restricted laboratory environments, a pilot study was run with three rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), which were trained and tested with a laboratory-type task in the animal housing facility. the testing apparatus was made available to individual animals 24 hours a day at their living cage and was connected to a computer that controlled the test and the distribution of r ... | 1988 | 31973439 |
| leptospiral agglutinins in the cayo santiago macaques. | the colony of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago, puerto rico, was surveyed for leptospiral agglutinins. only 5 (3%) of 169 monkeys (25% of the population) were seropositive (titers of ⩾ 1:100). an additional 29 animals (17%) had titers ⩽1:50. the proportions of seropositive males and females were 22% and 18%, respectively, and twice as many adult as immature animals (32% vs. 15%) were positive. in most seropositive monkeys a single serogroup predominated, icterohaemor ... | 1988 | 31968916 |
| induction of atresia of the dominant follicle in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) by the local application of estradiol-17β. | estradiol-17β (e2), administered systemically to rhesus monkeys during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, induces atretic changes in the microenvironment of the dominant follicle (df), which results in its demise. it has been proposed that this effect of e2 represents a direct action at the ovarian level. the present study was designed to test this hypothesis, using local treatment with e2. after identification of the df during laparoscopy on day 6 of the cycle, female monkeys were lap ... | 1988 | 31968906 |
| age assessment using cementum annulus counts and tooth wear in a free-ranging population of macaca mulatta. | estimates were made of the tooth wear and the number of cementum annuli on lower first molars of macaca mulatta of known age that had lived on cayo santiago, puerto rico. it is demonstrated that both these measurements are significantly correlated with age. neither measurement by itself, however, strongly enough corrected with age to provide a reliable guide to the true age of individuals older than about 14 years, although cementum annulus counts clearly provide a more reliable guide to age det ... | 1988 | 31968905 |
| menstrual cycles in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) are unaffected by a single dose of the anesthetics ketamine and xylazine administered during the midfollicular phase at laparoscopy. | to identify an anesthetic regimen that produces more complete relaxation and analgesia than ketamine hydrochloride (ketaset®) alone, a combination of ketamine (15 mg/kg body weight) and the hypnotic xylazine (rompun®, 0.33 mg/kg) was evaluated. since the desired experimental application required that the anesthetic not interfere with normal hormonal events during the menstrual cycle, this combination administered on day 6 of the cycle was tested to determine whether hormonal surges, incidence of ... | 1988 | 31968904 |
| effect of tetanus toxoid inoculation on mortality in the cayo santiago macaque population. | tetanus was a major cause of mortality in the free-ranging population of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) on cayo santiago. from 1977 to 1984 the mean (±1 sd) annual total mortality rate (excluding neonatal deaths within 48 h postpartum, abortions, and stillbirths) was 6.39% ± .94%, and the mean annual tetanus mortality rate was 1.33% ± .45%. tetanus deaths accounted for 19.5% of the total mortality in the colony. in 1985, all monkeys on the island, except infants and six adult monkeys, were give ... | 1988 | 31968902 |
| aging and immunity in nonhuman primates: i. effects of age and gender on cellular immune function in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | immunity declines with advancing age. lymphocyte proliferation, natural killer cell activity, and antibody response to tetanus toxoid vaccination were evaluated in cohorts of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) aged 2-36 years in order to characterize senescent changes in immune function. the results were analyzed in accordance with host age. lymphocyte proliferation was generally low in older monkeys, especially males. lymphocytes from old male monkeys responded significantly less to test mitogens ... | 1988 | 31968901 |
| determinants of behavioral rhythmicity during artificial menstrual cycles in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | reproductive success in many mammals depends on synchrony between copulation and ovulation, which is insured by the phenomenon of heat in the female. certain anthropoid primates including rhesus monkeys do not show heat but may copulate throughout the menstrual cycle, especially when pairs are isolated from conspecifics. in social groups, however, mating mostly occurs around midcycle. we wished to test the hypothesis that copulations are more closely linked to ovulation when males have simultane ... | 1988 | 31968900 |
| age estimation in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) based on mandibular dimensions. | a new technique has been developed for estimating age in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) that is based on mandibular measurements and has several advantages over presently available techniques. first, the new technique is relatively quick and inexpensive because a single measurement or radiograph suffices to produce an age estimate. second, mandibular growth represents a more continuous phenomenon than either epiphyseal union or dental eruption; therefore, age estimates may be made throughout t ... | 1988 | 31968896 |
| survival rate and life span of rhesus monkeys at the yerkes regional primate research center. | this paper describes the survival rates of 763 rhesus monkeys maintained at the yerkes regional primate research center (yrprc). the survival rates were determined by methods used to calculate survival rates of human populations. the monkeys were divided into 3 groups based on their specific life histories. group i monkeys were wild-born and were housed singly from the time they came into captivity at about 2 years of age. group ii monkeys were born either in the wild or in captivity and were ho ... | 1988 | 31968890 |
| partial recovery and a new population estimate of rhesus monkey populations in india. | the purpose of this field study has been to assess major changes in rhesus monkey populations of north central india over a period of 28 yrs from 1959 to 1986. population censuses have been done in aligarh district three times per year, and extensive regional surveys were done in 1959-1960, 1964-1965, 1977-1978, and 1985-1986. throughout the 1960s and 1970s, rhesus populations in india declined more than 90%, from an estimated 2 million animals in 1960 to approximately 180,000 by 1980. these dec ... | 1988 | 31968865 |
| atretogenic action of estrogen in rhesus monkeys: effects of repeated treatment. | the effects of 17β-estradiol (e2), administered in silastic capsules for 24 hours at intervals of 10 or 14 days, on follicular development and menstrual cycle characteristics were studied in 13 rhesus monkeys. in seven monkeys receiving e2 at l0-day intervals for 50 treatment periods, new follicles frequently developed between treatments but usually regressed. in seven instances, the follicles persisted longer than expected but were steroidogenically suppressed and regressed spontaneously. ovula ... | 1987 | 31973499 |
| influence of acute stress and the adrenal axis on regulation of lh and testosterone in the male rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | in order to determine the mechanism by which stress may affect the secretion and function of luteinizing hormone (lh) in primates, the response of the adrenal and gonadal axes was followed in male rhesus monkeys during brief restraint in primate chairs and during various hormone treatments. to further assess the responsiveness of the gonadal axis, gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) was administered during the experiments. corticosteroid levels were elevated throughout the first restraint tria ... | 1987 | 31973497 |
| aspects of fight interference in free-ranging and compound-dwelling rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | patterns of fight interference (agonistic aiding) were compared among three groups of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) living in two settings: (1) two groups at cayo santiago (caribbean primate center); and (2) one group at the yerkes regional primate research center (yrprc). a total of 1,227 interference episodes were recorded in 1,650 hours of observation. the only significant intergroup difference was the increased tendency of males at yrprc to aid aggressors rather than victims. among other f ... | 1987 | 31973494 |
| effects of age, rearing, and separation stress on immunoglobulin levels in rhesus monkeys. | the study reported here examined the effect of different rearing conditions and psychological stress on immunoglobulin levels in rhesus monkey infants. in the first experiment, 24 rhesus neonates were placed in one of the three following rearing conditions: separated from their mothers and reared in the laboratory nursery; kept with their biological mothers; or removed at birth from their biological mothers and cross-fostered to adoptive rhesus mothers. plasma samples were obtained from the nurs ... | 1987 | 31973487 |
| a benign method for maintaining ovulatory estrogen levels in cycling rhesus macaques. | the goal of this study was to develop a relatively noninvasive technique for generating ovulatory estrogen levels in cycling females over extended periods of time. eleven intact cycling rhesus macaques were given weekly injections of estradiol cypionate in an effort to obtain weekly levels which approximated ovulatory levels. a dose of 500 μg generated weekly estrogen values averaging 370 ± 18 pg/ml. this method is a satisfactory alternative to more traditional techniques. it involves no surgica ... | 1987 | 31973486 |
| relation between the dominance rank of female rhesus monkeys and their access to males. | systematic observations were made on 12 measures of the sexual, aggressive, and social interactions of 24 male-female pairs of rhesus monkeys in six social groups, each consisting of one male and four ovariectomized females tested in a large room. each female in a group was treated in turn first with estradiol alone and then with estradiol and progesterone in combination. when hormone-treated, the female was also observed during pair tests with the male in the same large observation room (four m ... | 1987 | 31973480 |
| ecological constraints on the development of infant independence in rhesus. | mother-infant dyads were observed among three populations of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) in india and nepal. this research had three purposes: 1) to examine the influences of maternal activities (ie, feeding, locomotion, and rest) and arboreality on the early development of infant independence; 2) to determine whether interpopulation differences in the development of infant independence can be accounted for by correlated differences in maternal time budgets and the amount of time infants spe ... | 1987 | 31973479 |
| temporal and endocrine sequelae of aspirating follicular contents in rhesus monkeys. | aspiration of ovarian follicular contents in humans is a well-established procedure used to obtain oocytes for fertilization in vitro (ivf). however, the effects of aspiration on the menstrual cycle and resulting luteal function have been incompletely characterized. the present study was designed to investigate alterations in the temporal and endocrine characteristics of menstrual cycles following aspiration of contents of the dominant preovulatory follicle (df) on day 10 of the cycle in normal ... | 1987 | 31973476 |
| patterns of affiliation among immature rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | the affiliative interaction patterns of the immature members of a group of rhesus monkeys at the yerkes regional primate research center reflected a strong bias toward matrilineal kin, although this effect was modified by age and sex variables. association with kin decreased with age, particularly for males. juvenile males showed less of a kin bias in their behavior than did juvenile females, especially for grooming. juvenile males also exhibited a preference for interaction with other males. th ... | 1987 | 31973469 |
| reactions of nuclear-family-reared rhesus macaques to the births of younger siblings. | a group of juvenile rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) living in a nuclear-family laboratory environment was studied to determine their responses to the births of siblings. the frequencies of interactions with family members (mothers, fathers, and new siblings) and nonfamily (peers, unrelated infants, and unrelated adults) were studied over both the year preceding and the year following sibling birth. the frequencies of specific behaviors in each of those interactions and the frequencies of intera ... | 1987 | 31973463 |
| secondary sex ratio variation in the cayo santiago macaque population. | secondary sex ratios (ssr) were calculated from 1,385 offspring delivered by 372 females in the cayo santiago population of free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) from 1976 through 1984. the ssr for the entire colony ranged from 0.86 to 1.46 males per female (combined total: 1.08), but no significant difference was observed (p > .05). ssr values were compared among the troops for each year. the ssr differed significantly among the six social groups (p < .05) only in 1978. the annual ssr of ... | 1986 | 31979498 |
| a visual exploration apparatus for infant monkeys. | an apparatus was constructed to study visual exploration in infant rhesus macaques. it consisted of an enclosed two-chamber box with a peephole at each end. the floor was made of stainless steel bars, and the walls and top were made of plexiglas covered with masonite. the peepholes were recessed in alcoves. an infrared photobeam crossed the alcoves in front of each peephole so that whenever the monkey looked out its head broke the photobeam. slides of complex scenes were projected on back-lit fr ... | 1986 | 31979491 |
| a demographic analysis of the wisconsin regional primate center rhesus colony, 1962-1982. | a detailed demographic analysis was made of the wisconsin regional primate research center rhesus colony from vital statistics recorded over a 20-year period. techniques used were based on demographic and epidemiological methods developed for human populations, which provide the potential for making standardized measurements within captive primate colonies. a life table based on 1,086 deaths showed an abnormally high survivorship at the older ages, probably caused by a tendency to retain especia ... | 1986 | 31979485 |
| modification of aggression through socialization and the special case of adult and adolescent male rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | significant differences exist in the frequencies with which age-sex classes of rhesus macaques engage in agonistic interactions with other age-sex classes. in the study reported here, individuals engaged in significantly more agonistic interactions within their own age-sex classes, but, adult females also showed significantly more aggression toward infants and young females whereas adult males directed significantly more aggression toward adolescent males. infants directed aggression toward infa ... | 1986 | 31979484 |
| dominance index: a simple measure of relative dominance status in primates. | a simple measure of relative dominance status (cardinal rank) is described which we have termed the dominance index. like more familiar techniques for assessing rank order, it is based on the direction of aggressive and submissive behaviors between all possible paired combinations of animals in a social group. using data from five groups of female rhesus monkeys, it reliably produced the same ordinal ranks as fight interaction matrices. there was also good agreement with the cardinal ranks produ ... | 1986 | 31979473 |
| estradiol increases somatomedin-c concentrations in adolescent rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | estradiol (e2) may enhance somatomedin-c (sm-c) secretion during puberty in female rhesus monkeys. the present study evaluated the importance of age and acute changes in e2 on sm-c secretion. intact (int) females at their first ovulation (age 3.5 yr; n = 6) had higher levels of sm-c across the ovulatory cycle than did intact adults (adt) (n = 5). levels of sm-c were similar for both groups during the follicular and luteal phases despite higher follicular phase levels of e2. young, ovariectomized ... | 1986 | 31979463 |
| carbohydrate impairment and insulin secretory abnormalities among macaca mulatta from cayo santiago. | rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) from cayo santiago were examined for evidence of carbohydrate intolerance indicative of potential development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm). monkeys 6 to >20 years from natal groups j, m, and p, an aged group (all >20 years), and unrelated monkeys removed from the island in association with other groups (cayo), were examined with intravenous glucose tolerance tests (iv-gtt). morphometric measurements were made on all tested monkeys. impairmen ... | 1986 | 31979457 |
| starting from scratch: a first look at a "displacement activity" in group-living rhesus monkeys. | data on scratching behavior were collected from a group of rhesus monkeys living in spacious surroundings. juveniles scratched more often than adults. adults scratched most often in social contexts and in close temporal association with a change of behavior. subjects of intermediate dominance rank, in particular, scratched around the time of a behavioral change, and these subjects were the only ones to show increased scratching during tests involving restricted access to food (thwarting or frust ... | 1986 | 31979453 |
| infant cross-fostering in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta): a procedure for the long-term management of captive populations. | because of the constraints of captivity, captive populations are generally closed to the introduction of unrelated individuals and may eventually experience inbreeding depression and its associated problems. as a means of increasing genetic diversity in established social gropus of rhesus monkeys at the california primate research center, 36 infants were used as subjects in a cross-fostering experiment in which 27 infants (75%) were successfully integrated into non-natal groups by fostering them ... | 1986 | 31979448 |
| social responding to mirrors in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta): effects of changing mirror location. | two rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with a lifetime of continuous exposure to mirrors showed a dramatic and reliable reinstatement of social behavior directed toward the mirror when it was simply moved to a new location. these data are discussed in the context of repeated failures to find self-recognition in monkeys and several recent claims that a cessation of social behavior directed toward mirrors can be used as evidence for the beginning of self-recognition in nonhuman primates. | 1986 | 31979446 |
| secondary sex ratios by maternal rank, parity, and age in captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | analysis of 645 conceptions by captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with known reproductive histories indicated that maternal age and parity had little effect on the sex of progeny. there was, however, a slight indication that high-ranking females produced a higher proportion of daughters and relatively fewer sons than did low-ranking females. these results provide only weak support for the "advantaged daughter" hypothesis suggested by three previous studies of cercopithecine monkeys, and th ... | 1986 | 31979441 |
| climate and seasonal reproduction in the cayo santiago macaques. | this paper reports the results of an eight-year study of seasonal reproduction in the free-ranging colony of rhesus monkeys on cayo santiago, puerto rico. there was a significant correlation between the start of the annual spring rainy season and the estimated median conception date (r = .94, p < .001) and median birth date (r = .94, p < .001). conceptions followed the commencement of spring rains by 70 days. significant and negative correlations were found between the number of days from the st ... | 1985 | 32102495 |
| the formal hierarchy of rhesus macaques: an investigation of the bared-teeth display. | teeth-baring in a large captive rhesus monkey group (macaca mulatta) was observed over a 30-month period. its directional consistency among adults was significantly higher than that of aggression. the unidirectionality was so extreme that the facial display must be seen as a formal status indicator; ie, a signal of which the direction is independent of short-term contextual variation. as such, it seems adapted for communication about the state of the relationship. formal dominance relationships ... | 1985 | 32102494 |
| agonistic aiding: kinship, rank, age, and sex influences. | an analysis of 3,774 episodes of agonistic aiding collected during a two-year study of a rhesus monkey group (macaca, mulatta) indicated the differential influence of kinship and rank relationships on the participation of different age-sex classes in both aid to victims and aid to aggressors. most aiding favored victims rather than aggressors and was much more likely to occur when matrilineal kin were involved. females were more likely to aid than were males, and the frequency of their participa ... | 1985 | 31986822 |
| infant-directed behavior in young rhesus monkeys: sex differences and effects of prenatal androgens. | young (3-4 years old) laboratory-reared rhesus monkeys were observed in five 15-minute tests with 1-15-day-old infants. males and females were equally likely to investigate infants. females communicated more with infants by grin-lipsmacking and gurgling--gestures that were not shown by any males. more females presented the ventrum to infants than did males. females contacted infants more than did males by grooming, crouching over, and having full body contact with them. to see whether prenatal a ... | 1985 | 31986813 |
| multidimensional scaling of macaque social interaction. | observations of social behavior in 120 pairs of rhesus macaques were organized into three matrices: male-male interactions, female-female interactions, and male-female interactions. the alternating least-squares dimensional analysis (alscal-4) was applied to each matrix to derive one-, two-, three-, and four-dimensional solutions. for each matrix, the two-dimensional solution gave the best fit with least stress. the loadings for each category on the two dimensions were then compared with previou ... | 1985 | 31986805 |
| factors associated with birth rate and live birth rate in multi-male breeding groups of rhesus monkeys. | reproductive records of 284 female rhesus monkeys housed in six multimale corrals at the california primate research center were examined for the birth seasons 1977-1982 to determine possible associations between the probability of birth or live birth and female age, parity, origin, parturition in the previous season, infant birth date, and infant birth date in previous season. multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify and quantitate the effects of factors on the probability of ... | 1985 | 31986803 |
| high-resolution chromosomes of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | late-prophase high-resolution chromosomes were successfully cultured for 22 of 27 macaca mulatta samples. twelve of the successful cultures were adequate for karyotyping high-resolution spreads. high-resolution chromosome technique provides an important contribution to primate genetics because it can be used to identify chromosomal anomalies undetected in metaphase spreads and may be useful for paternity exclusion analysis. | 1985 | 31986798 |
| social interactions among female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) during the nonbreeding season: responses to the introduction of males. | when rhesus monkeys are observed in social groups during the breeding season, increases in interfemale aggression coincide with midcycle increases in sexual activity between males and females. however, some investigators have suggested that both aggressive and affiliative interactions between females are influenced by the presence or absence of males, irrespective of menstrual cycle stage. in the present study, social interactions among members of a captive group of rhesus females were measured ... | 1985 | 31979503 |
| the effects of extended time in the laboratory on selected aspects of reproduction in the female rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | reproduction data from 60 wild-caught and 16 captive-born, hand-reared female rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were examined. both groups had been maintained in a controlled laboratory environment, the wild-caught for a minimum of 10 years and the captive-born for a minimum of 5 years. all were bred to wild-caught males. animals of both sexes were individually caged unless being bred. data from 662 pregnancies indicated that, although seasonal breeding became attenuated in the laboratory, it did ... | 1984 | 32138461 |
| effects of age, lactation, and repeated cycles on rhesus monkey copulatory intervals. | young, sexually mature female rhesus monkeys copulate on more days prior to conception than do older females, and this prolonged discrete mating period is associated with an earlier rise in serum estradiol prior to the first ovulation of the breeding season. the influence of repeated ovulatory cycles and the presence of a suckling infant on the copulatory patterns were examined in two separate analyses. extending previous work, young, nulliparous females copulated on more days at the first ovula ... | 1984 | 32138457 |
| male migration and inbreeding avoidance in wild rhesus monkeys. | genetic, demographic, and behavioral evidence from a population of wild rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were analyzed to test the widely held assumption that social subdivision of mammalian populations, as seen in the rhesus monkey, results in inbreeding. this assumption has been important in attempts to explain rapid rates of evolution among mammals. demographic records were kept over a period of 42 months on a study population comprising 292 animals, subdivided into seven social groups. blood ... | 1984 | 32111112 |
| segregation distortion and differential fitness at the albumin locus in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | the observed patterns of segregation of two co-dominant alleles at the macaque albumin locus in 400 rhesus monkey offspring were compared with those expected for five segregating mating phenotypes. rates of reproductive loss and conception were also compared among females of each albumin phenotype. the common albumin allele in macaques, alamac , segregated more frequently than expected when the mother was heterozygous but less frequently than expected when she was homozygous for albmac . in both ... | 1984 | 32111109 |
| circulating steroids and the relationship between ovarian and placental secretion during early and mid pregnancy in the baboon. | ovarian and placental steroid secretion was examined at intervals during early and mid-pregnancy in the olive baboon, papio anubis. progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol-17β were measured after celite chromatography in samples from peripheral circulation and from utero-ovarian veins draining ovaries with and without corpora lutea at the following stages of pregnancy: days 8-9 (unconfirmed pregnant), 10-19, 34-40, 60-66, and 104-106 after ovulation. the pattern of ho ... | 1984 | 32106637 |
| population growth of free-ranging rhesus monkeys at tughlaqabad. | a population of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) at the ancient site of tughlaqabad on the southern outskirts of new delhi, india, showed moderate growth throughout the 1960s and 1970s and very rapid growth in the last 4 years. between july 1980 and july 1983, the population increased 79%, from two groups of 160 monkeys to five groups of 286 monkeys, an average annual increase of 21.4%. the natality of the population has been high, averaging 82.4% over three birth seasons. mortality and disappear ... | 1984 | 32106633 |
| fetotoxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) for rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | the fetotoxic and teratogenic potential of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (tcdd) for rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) was tested through oral administration to monkeys early in pregnancy. a single or divided dose, 1 μg of tcdd/kg of body weight, was followed by abortion in 13 of 16 pregnant monkeys treated between days 20 and 40 of gestation. one of four aborted at 0.2 μg/kg, and two of two at 5 μg/kg. none of the mothers given 0.2 μg/kg showed signs of toxicity. eight of the monkeys aborti ... | 1984 | 31986843 |
| a test of the generalizability of the interval scale developed for social behavior of rhesus monkeys. | an interval scale of behavior would be useful in the study of social relations because it would allow the whole behavioral repertory to be used simultaneously and would allow greater flexibility in statistical manipulation. maxim has developed such a scale using isolated dyads of unfamiliar monkeys. the typical social environment of monkeys, however, consists of familiar monkeys in mixed age and sex groups. this study replicates maxim's procedure and tests the applicability of a scale developed ... | 1984 | 31986842 |
| low potency of intact male rhesus monkeys after long-term visual contact with their female partners. | we have examined the possibility that prolonged visual contact between future sexual partners, in the absence of any direct sexual contact and mating activity, is sufficient to produce the familiar-female phenomenon and is associated loss of male potency. for 1 year, 32 intact, feral-reared male rhesus monkeys were housed so that 14 males were in constant visual contact with their four future testing females, and 18 of the males were without any visual contact with females. after 1 year, each ma ... | 1984 | 31986829 |
| brief report: population dynamics of free-ranging rhesus monkeys in different ecological conditions in india. | data are presented on group size, composition, and reproductive rates of nine free-ranging rhesus monkey groups inhabiting different habitats in india, based on 7,300 observation hours spread over 1975-1980. analysis suggests that groups increased in size irrespective of the habitat occupied. | 1983 | 31992015 |
| effect of testosterone on epididymal proteins in castrated rhesus monkeys. | the effect of testosterone on regulation of epididymal protein synthesis has been investigated in castrated rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). the proteins in the treated monkeys were characterized using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (under nondenaturing and denaturing conditions) and electrofocusing. at least four distinct proteins have been shown to be synthesized by the monkey epididymis under testosterone influence. two of these proteins were detected following two days of testosterone tr ... | 1983 | 31991971 |
| banding patterns of the chromosomes of presbytis cristatus pyrrhus and p. obscurus. | the g- and q-bands and the location of the nucleolar organizer regions (nor) in the chromosomes of presbytis obscurus and the q- and c-bands of p. cristatus pyrrhus are described. their chromosomes are compared to those of macaca mulatta and to other cercopithecidae and hylobatidae. the origin of the two different banding patterns of pair no. 1 in our specimen of p. cristatus pyrrhus is discussed. | 1983 | 31991963 |
| seasonal changes in reproductive behavior in two ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys treated year-round with estradiol. | two ovariectomized female rhesus monkeys treated year-round with estradiol-filled capsules were used in hour-long behavioral tests with male rhesus monkeys both in and out of the normal breeding season. the study was designed primarily to test male hormonal responses to copulatory behavior and it was expected that behavior of the females would be essentially the same under both seasonal conditions. several behaviors of the female, however, were found to fluctuate on a seasonal basis, namely (1) ... | 1983 | 31991961 |
| the hemogram, serum biochemistry, and electrolyte profile of the free-ranging cayo santiago rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | sixty-four male and 33 female free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) from one of six social groups on the island of cayo santiago, puerto rico, were surveyed to establish normal values for the hemogram and serum biochemical and electrolytes for the colony. mean values (± 1 sd) are reported by sex for each of three age groups (2-3, 4-9 and ≥ 10 years). all adult females (≥ 4 years) were pregnant. there were significant differences for a number of variables compared to the range reported in ... | 1983 | 31991958 |
| the effects of dominance on mating behavior and paternity in a captive troop of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | the effects of social dominance on male mating behavior and paternity in a troop of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were examined. a wild-caught troop of monkeys, captured in india in 1972, has been monitored in captivity for eight years. some animals have been culled from this troop, but no new animals have been added except through births. the social structure of the troop has remained fairly stable over the eight years, although the number of adult males at any given time has ranged from four ... | 1983 | 31991947 |
| brief report: outbreak of severe aggression in captive macaca mulatta. | an outbreak of severe aggression occurred among females in a rhesus macaque breeding group at the california primate research center four years after the group was established. during the breeding season in which this occurred, the incidence of injured females in other breeding groups at the primate center was significantly higher than in the previous year. this breeding season was the first in which a large number of females reached sexual maturity. the group in which the most severe aggression ... | 1983 | 31986862 |
| seasonal breeding in rhesus monkeys: influence of the behavioral environment. | the accepted model of breeding seasonality in rhesus monkeys states that females become reproductively active in response to an environmental cue and that males become sexually active in response to ovulating females. this model must be modified to include direct responses of the male to the physical environment, endocrine responses of males to sexual activity, and responses of the female to the sexual activation of fellow group members. the complex set of social stimuli that influences the bree ... | 1983 | 31986861 |
| brief report: chromosomal analysis of perinatal death in macaca mulatta and macaca radiata. | peripheral blood samples from 53 macaque perinatal deaths at the california primate research center (cprc) were cultured to produce chromosomes for analysis. karyotypes were constructed for 26 successful cultures and revealed no apparent chromosomal anomalies. a genetic screening program at primate breeding facilities is important for estimating the frequency of chromosomal anomalies in macaques and for understanding the contribution of chromosomal anomalies to reproductive loss and congenital m ... | 1983 | 31986849 |
| contexts and messages in macaque social communication. | using a previously developed quantitative scale of social behavior, interactions between group members in seven groups of rhesus macaques were studied. analysis of 636 behavior chains showed that the large number of different chain sequences (445) was due in part to the large number of contexts in which interactions were occurring. a catalog of 33 contexts of interaction was empirically developed. particular behaviors were found to have different frequencies of occurrence in different contexts. ... | 1982 | 32197558 |
| female mating relationships in rhesus monkeys. | descriptions of the sexual behavior of social-living rhesus monkeys have indicated that mating patterns are characterized by the formation of consort pairs (mutually exclusive male-female associations) and also that females typically mate with multiple males. these reports raise the question of whether these are two different mating strategies or merely sequential phases in a unitary mating pattern. in order to examine this issue, the copulatory behavior of 27 adult females living in a heterosex ... | 1982 | 32197557 |
| clinical note: calcium bilirubinate gallstones in an aged rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | severe gallstone disease was found at necropsy in a 24-year-old female monkey which died of pyelonephritis. reports of spontaneous cholelithiasis in rhesus monkeys are rare. this is the first description of gallstone disease in a non-human primate caused by calcium bilirubinate choleliths. | 1982 | 32192244 |
| decrease in sexual initiative and responsiveness in female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) during pregnancy. | although the sexual behavior of female rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) has been reported to decrease during pregnancy, systematic studies have been largely confined to reports of male behavior. therefore, we designed a study to examine changes in female sexual behavior during pregnancy. six cycling multiparous female rhesus macaques were paired during the periovulatory period of the menstrual cycle and during the first and second halves of pregnancy with six sexually experienced males of the sa ... | 1982 | 32192243 |
| patterns of sexual behavior in male macaques. | one large social group of each of three species of macaques (macaca mulatta, m. fascicularis, m. radiata), housed in half-acre field cages at the california primate research center, were observed for a total of 150 h. data on sexual behavior and dominance interactions were recorded by pairs of experienced observers using a focal animal technique. single or multiple mount-to-ejaculation sequences, number of thrusts per mount, number of mounts per sequence, duration of mounts per sequence, duratio ... | 1982 | 32188180 |
| conservation note: socioecology and conservation of macaques and langurs in varanasi, india. | a survey of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) and hanuman langurs (presbytis entellus) was conducted in urban and forest areas of varanasi, india. data were collected on group size and composition. nine groups of rhesus monkeys inhabited various urban niches, but langurs were completely absent from urban areas. approximately 159 rhesus monkeys and 720 langurs lived in the forested area. both the urban and the forested habitats of this area are being reduced in size, and it is suggested that these ... | 1982 | 32188177 |
| placental transfer of synthetic and endogenous estrogen conjugates in the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta). | the placental transfer of conjugated and nonconjugated estrogens was compared in the pregnant rhesus monkey. placement of catheters in the maternal and fetal circulation allowed for the sampling of blood after the administration of radiolabeled naturally occurring and synthetic estrogens to mother or fetus. in all cases, nonconjugated-estrogen placental transfer was greater than conjugated-estrogen transfer. comparison of the conjugated estrogens suggested that diethylstilbestrol-monoglucuronide ... | 1982 | 32188175 |
| induction of marginal zinc deficiency in female rhesus monkeys. | although severe zinc deficiency has been previously induced in rhesus monkeys, marginal zinc deprivation, a state more analogous to that found in human populations has not been characterized. to address this issue, zinc deficiency was induced in mature female rhesus monkeys by restriction of dietary zinc in a semipurified diet based on sprayed egg white as the protein source. groups of monkeys were fed dietary levels of 0.5, 2, 4, 8, 12, 20, or 100 ppm zinc. plasma zinc concentration fell from a ... | 1982 | 31992003 |
| assessment of glucoregulation in rhesus monkeys sedated with ketamine. | glucose, insulin, and cortisol were measured in the blood of rhesus monkeys under several conditions. glucose and insulin concentrations were higher and cortisol lower shortly after the morning meal than after an overnight fast. ketamine had no detectable effect on basal (fasting) glucose or insulin values in normal monkeys, even when sedation was maintained for more than 2 h. ketamine did not appear to affect the response to a glucose load or to insulininduced hypoglycemia. it is concluded that ... | 1982 | 31992002 |
| a five-year study of tetanus in the cayo santiago rhesus monkey colony: behavioral description and epizootiology. | tetanus is a major cause of death in the free-ranging rhesus moonkey colony on the island of cayo santiago, puerto rico. during the five-year period of observation (july 1, 1976 through june 30, 1981), the mean annual tetanus mortality rate (± 1 sd) was 1.74% (±0.15). the mean annual total mortality rate was 6.77% (±0.78). the tetanus mortality rate varied sigificantly (p < 0.005) among the six troops on the island. clinically confirmed tetanus accounted for 24.68% of the 231 deaths which occurr ... | 1982 | 31991997 |
| nasal and cutaneous anatrichosomiasis in the free-ranging rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) of cayo santiago. | one hundred and twenty-nine free-ranging rhesus monkeys on the island of cayo santiago were surveyed for the nematode anatrichosoma cutaneum. the purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of the nasal and cutaneous forms of this parasite in untreated rhesus monkeys maintained in a seminatural subtropical environment. the average prevalence of the nasal form in the sampled cayo santiago macaques was 23.2%. adults were more commoly effected than yearling monkeys with 31.2% and 12.8% par ... | 1982 | 31991982 |
| visual and social responses in infant rhesus monkeys. | this paper reviews a program of research on the development of visual functions and social responsiveness in infant rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). one study involved a clinical examination of simple visual reflexes (e.g., orienting) and more complex visuo-motor responses (e.g., gaze aversion and reaching). such responses changed dramatically over the first two weeks of life. two other studies used infrared corneal-reflection techniques to monitor visual scanning: one determined when infant mon ... | 1982 | 31991981 |
| the social development of an orphaned rhesus infant on cayo santiago: male care, foster mother-orphan interaction and peer interaction. | the social development of a free-ranging male rhesus (macaca mulatta) infant is described qualitatively and quantitatively from birth to orphaning at nearly 11 weeks of age, and then to 30 weeks of age. initially the orphan was cared for by four males, but was subsequently adopted by his nulliparous sister. measures of foster mother-orphan interaction were compared with measures of mother-infant interaction for a control sample of 20 mother-infant pais within the same group. signs of depression, ... | 1982 | 31991979 |
| primate phonation: anterior cingulate lesion effects on response rate and acoustical structure. | four juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) that were conditioned to emit a discriminative vocal response underwent unilateral and bilateral lesions of anterior cingulate gyrus in stepwise sequence. pre- and post-lesion measures of vocal response rate and acoustical features (call duration, amplitude, and fundamental frequency) were obtained for the conditioned task and for vocalization in the home colony (spontaneous vocalization). unilateral lesions produced little consistent change in spont ... | 1981 | 31995953 |
| the association between rank and reproductive success of male rhesus monkeys. | the paternity of 202 of 220 offspring of rhesus monkeys housed in six separate half-acre field cages at the california primate research center was determined by genetic marker techniques. reproductive success of the adult males was statistically significantly correlated (r = 0.76, p <0.0005) with rank. marked systematic changes in reproductive success were, however, observed for two adult males during the three years covered by this study. based upon these results and those of another study, it ... | 1981 | 31995948 |
| brief repot: interactions with infants by full siblings, paternal half-siblings, and nonrelatives in a captive group of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | six mother-infant pairs in a group of captive rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) were observed for six months. "infant grabs" by others and mothers' resistance to grabs were scored. more full siblings grabbed infants than either paternal half-siblings or nonrelatives. mothers resisted grabbing by more nonrelatives than by paternal half-siblings. although the maternal effect suggested by full sib-infant interactions is expected, the paternal effect revealed by mothers' tolerance of paternal half-sib ... | 1981 | 31995945 |
| seminal parameters in rhesus monkeys under physiological conditions and in studies for male fertility control using fsh antibodies or lh-rh-agonists. | to characterize the male rhesus monkey as a nonhuman primate model for human testicular functions, parameters of exocrine and endocrine testicular function were monitored in 16 adult male-rhesus monkeys for 1 and 5 years respectively. testicular volumes in-season (october-january) were twice as great as in out-of-season animals (march-june). ejaculations, both spontaneous and electrostimulated, ceased out-of-season. in 37 ejaculates obtained by electrostimulation in-season, sperm counts ranged f ... | 1981 | 31995938 |