| evolution of cognitive and neural solutions enabling numerosity judgements: lessons from primates and corvids. | brains that are capable of representing numerosity, the number of items in a set, have arisen repeatedly and independently in different animal taxa. this review compares the cognitive and physiological mechanisms found in a nonhuman primate, the rhesus macaque, and a corvid songbird, the carrion crow, in order to elucidate the evolutionary adaptations underlying numerical competence. monkeys and corvids are known for their advanced cognitive competence, despite them both having independently and ... | 2017 | 29292361 |
| previously unreported population of rhesus macaques macaca mulatta in chiang rai province, thailand: preliminary observations. | efforts to document the distribution of macaques in thailand have been gradually improving over the past several years. here we add to the growing database with a summary of a previously unreported population of rhesus macaque macaca mulatta located at wat phrabuddhabat pa reau in chiang rai province. this work is part of an on-going study addressing human-primate conflict and coexistence in thailand. the wat covers an area of about 53 ha consisting of forest and ponds surrounded by an agricultu ... | 2018 | 31844847 |
| [stimulation of cognitive abilities in aged macaques by moderate hypobaric hypoxia.] | the importance of studying neurological and mental changes in aged non-human primates, in particular rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), is due to their genetic and physiological similarity with humans, which in preclinical studies of age-dependent cognitive decline correction makes them preferable to rodents. in this paper we study the behavior of three older monkeys in solving conditioned-reflex task of image differentiation. the obtained values of several cognitive characteristics were compared ... | 2019 | 30877829 |
| pilot study: molecular risk factors for diagnosing sporadic parkinson's disease based on gene expression in blood in mptp-induced rhesus monkeys. | clinical diagnosis of parkinson's disease (pd) is characterized by the classical features of tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity, which are present only when more than 70%-80% degeneration of dopaminergic (da) neurons in the substantia nigra. the lack of means for early diagnosis of pd has elicited interest in searching for its risk factors, which, by now, are almost obtained at a single time point in pd process, and little developing risk factors, obtained from completely normal situation to the ... | 2017 | 29285276 |
| sirtuin 1-chromatin-binding dynamics points to a common mechanism regulating inflammatory targets in siv infection and in the aging brain. | microglia and macrophages are the main non-neuronal subsets of myeloid origin in the brain, and are critical regulators in neurodegenerative disorders, where inflammation is a key factor. since hiv infection results in neurological perturbations that are similar to those in aging, we examined microglial and infiltrating myeloid subsets in the search for changes that might resemble the ones in aging. for that, we used the siv infection in rhesus macaques to model neuroaids. we found that sirt-1, ... | 2018 | 29280055 |
| enhanced axonal transport: a novel form of "plasticity" after primate and rodent spinal cord injury. | deficient axonal transport after injury is believed to contribute to the failure of cns regeneration. to better elucidate neural mechanisms associated with cns responses to injury, we transected the dominant voluntary motor system, the corticospinal tract (cst), in the dorsolateral t10 spinal cord of rhesus monkeys. three months later, a 4.5-fold increase in the number of cst axons located in the spared ventral corticospinal tract at both the lesion site and, surprisingly, remotely in the cervic ... | 2018 | 29277625 |
| immunochemical analysis of the expression of sv2c in mouse, macaque and human brain. | the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2c (sv2c) is an undercharacterized protein with enriched expression in phylogenetically old brain regions. its precise role within the brain is unclear, though various lines of evidence suggest that sv2c is involved in the function of synaptic vesicles through the regulation of vesicular trafficking, calcium-induced exocytosis, or synaptotagmin function. sv2c has been linked to multiple neurological disorders, including parkinson's disease and psychiatric condit ... | 2019 | 29274878 |
| cortical response states for enhanced sensory discrimination. | brain activity during wakefulness is characterized by rapid fluctuations in neuronal responses. whether these fluctuations play any role in modulating the accuracy of behavioral responses is poorly understood. here, we investigated whether and how trial changes in the population response impact sensory coding in monkey v1 and perceptual performance. although the responses of individual neurons varied widely across trials, many cells tended to covary with the local population. when population act ... | 2017 | 29274146 |
| the influence of age on wild rhesus macaques' affiliative social interactions. | the social relationships that individuals experience at different life stages have a non-negligible influence on their lives, and this is particularly true for group living animals. the long lifespan of many primates makes it likely that these animals have various tactics of social interaction to adapt to complex changes in environmental or physical conditions. the different strategies used in social interaction by individuals at different life stages, and whether the position (central or periph ... | 2018 | 29266298 |
| effects of transportation, relocation, and acclimation on phenotypes and functional characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta). | nonhuman primates from domestic sources constitute a small, but critical, proportion of animals studied in research laboratories. many of these nonhuman primates are raised at one facility and subsequently transported/relocated to another facility for research purposes. we examined the effects of transport, relocation, and acclimation on the phenotype and function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) in a group of rhesus monkeys that were transported by road for approximately 21 hours f ... | 2017 | 29261698 |
| evolutionary expansion of dna hypomethylation in the mammalian germline genome. | dna methylation in the germline is among the most important factors influencing the evolution of mammalian genomes. yet little is known about its evolutionary rate or the fraction of the methylome that has undergone change. we compared whole-genome, single-cpg dna methylation profiles in sperm of seven species-human, chimpanzee, gorilla, rhesus macaque, mouse, rat, and dog-to investigate epigenomic evolution. we developed a phylo-epigenetic model for dna methylation that accommodates the correla ... | 2018 | 29259021 |
| lung vascular remodeling, cardiac hypertrophy, and inflammatory cytokines in shivnef-infected macaques. | fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah) affects hiv-infected individuals at significantly higher frequencies. we previously showed plexiform-like lesions characterized by recanalized lumenal obliteration, intimal disruption, medial hypertrophy, and thrombosis consistent with pah in rhesus macaques infected with chimeric shivnef but not with the parental sivmac239, suggesting that nef is implicated in the pathophysiology of hiv-pah. however, the current literature on non-human primates as ani ... | 2018 | 29256819 |
| two methods of social separation for paired adolescent male rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | literature-based recommendations regarding how to separate pairs of laboratory-housed nhp when required for research, veterinary, or management needs are unavailable. this study assessed 2 separation techniques-rapid and stepwise-to determine whether a period of limited social access mitigates the behavioral stress response after complete separation. researchers observed 12 pairs of mother-reared, adolescent male rhesus macaques before and after separation with a solid divider; 6 of the pairs ex ... | 2017 | 29256367 |
| cholinergic overstimulation attenuates rule selectivity in macaque prefrontal cortex. | acetylcholine is released in the prefrontal cortex (pfc) and is a key modulator of cognitive performance in primates. cholinergic stimulation has been shown to have beneficial effects on performance of cognitive tasks, and cholinergic receptors are being actively explored as promising targets for ameliorating cognitive deficits in alzheimer's disease. we hypothesized that cholinergic stimulation of pfc during performance of a cognitive task would augment neuronal activity and neuronal coding of ... | 2018 | 29255006 |
| remifentanil maintains lower initial delayed nonmatching-to-sample accuracy compared to food pellets in male rhesus monkeys. | emerging human laboratory and preclinical drug self-administration data suggest that a history of contingent abused drug exposure impairs performance in operant discrimination procedures, such as delayed nonmatching-to-sample (dnmts), that are hypothesized to assess components of executive function. however, these preclinical discrimination studies have exclusively used food as the reinforcer and the effects of drugs as reinforcers in these operant procedures are unknown. the present study deter ... | 2017 | 29251972 |
| synaptic adaptations to chronic ethanol intake in male rhesus monkey dorsal striatum depend on age of drinking onset. | one in 12 adults suffer with alcohol use disorder (aud). studies suggest the younger the age in which alcohol consumption begins the higher the probability of being diagnosed with aud. binge/excessive alcohol drinking involves a transition from flexible to inflexible behavior likely involving the dorsal striatum (caudate and putamen nuclei). a major focus of this study was to examine the effect of age of drinking onset on subsequent chronic, voluntary ethanol intake and dorsal striatal circuitry ... | 2018 | 29241653 |
| additive and subadditive antiallodynic interactions between μ-opioid agonists and n-methyl d-aspartate antagonists in male rhesus monkeys. | μ-opioid agonists are clinically effective analgesics, but also produce undesirable effects such as sedation and abuse potential that limit their clinical utility. glutamatergic systems also modulate nociception and n-methyl d-aspartate (nmda) receptor antagonists have been proposed as one useful adjunct to enhance the therapeutic effects and/or attenuate the undesirable effects of μ-opioid agonists. whether nmda antagonists enhance the antiallodynic effects of μ-agonists in preclinical models o ... | 2018 | 29239974 |
| the self-curing phenomenon of schistosome infection in rhesus macaques: insight from in vitro studies. | a reduction in the burden of schistosomiasis is potentially achievable by integrating a schistosomiasis vaccine with current control measures. here, we determine parasite-specific in vitro responses of b, t, and nk cells from naive uninfected rhesus macaques to schistosoma mansoni (sm) egg (smea) and worm antigen (smwa) preparations isolated from infected baboons. pronounced b cell responses to smea and nk cell responses to both smea and smwa were observed. high levels of il-2 and il-21 response ... | 2017 | 29239481 |
| the development of motor self-regulation in ravens. | inhibitory control refers to the ability to stop impulses in favor of more appropriate behavior, and it constitutes one of the underlying cognitive functions associated with cognitive flexibility. much attention has been given to cross-species comparisons of inhibitory control; however, less is known about how and when these abilities develop. mapping the ontogeny of inhibitory control in different species may therefore reveal foundational elements behind cognitive processes and their evolution. ... | 2017 | 29238321 |
| altered functional expression of β-adrenergic receptors in rhesus monkey embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. | pluripotent stem cells have demonstrated the potential to generate large numbers of functional cardiomyocytes (cms) from different cell sources. besides wnt signaling, additional pathways are involved in early cardiac development and function. to date however, no study exists showing the effects of perturbing the canonical wnt pathway using nonhuman primate embryonic stem (es) cells. in this study, we investigated the effect of canonical wnt inhibition during differentiation of nonhuman primate ... | 2018 | 29233068 |
| a burkholderia pseudomallei outer membrane vesicle vaccine provides cross protection against inhalational glanders in mice and non-human primates. | burkholderia mallei is a gram-negative, non-motile, facultative intracellular bacillus and the causative agent of glanders, a highly contagious zoonotic disease. b. mallei is naturally resistant to multiple antibiotics and there is concern for its potential use as a bioweapon, making the development of a vaccine against b. mallei of critical importance. we have previously demonstrated that immunization with multivalent outer membrane vesicles (omv) derived from b. pseudomallei provide significan ... | 2017 | 29232837 |
| obligatory role of hypothalamic neuroestradiol during the estrogen-induced lh surge in female ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. | negative and positive feedback effects of ovarian 17β-estradiol (e2) regulating release of gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) and luteinizing hormone (lh) are pivotal events in female reproductive function. while ovarian feedback on hypothalamo-pituitary function is a well-established concept, the present study shows that neuroestradiol, locally synthesized in the hypothalamus, is a part of estrogen's positive feedback loop. in experiment 1, e2 benzoate-induced lh surges in ovariectomized fem ... | 2017 | 29229849 |
| the magnitude and time course of iop change in response to body position change in nonhuman primates measured using continuous iop telemetry. | to study the effect and time course of body position changes on iop in nonhuman primates. | 2017 | 29228251 |
| flexible and stable value coding areas in caudate head and tail receive anatomically distinct cortical and subcortical inputs. | anatomically distinct areas within the basal ganglia encode flexible- and stable-value memories for visual objects (hikosaka et al., 2014), but an important question remains: do they receive inputs from the same or different brain areas or neurons? to answer this question, we first located flexible and stable value-coding areas in the caudate head (cdh) and caudate tail (cdt) of two rhesus macaque monkeys, and then injected different retrograde tracers into these areas of each monkey. we found t ... | 2017 | 29225570 |
| social management of laboratory rhesus macaques housed in large groups using a network approach: a review. | biomedical facilities across the nation and worldwide aim to develop cost-effective methods for the reproductive management of macaque breeding groups, typically by housing macaques in large, multi-male multi-female social groups that provide monkey subjects for research as well as appropriate socialization for their psychological well-being. one of the most difficult problems in managing socially housed macaques is their propensity for deleterious aggression. from a management perspective, dele ... | 2018 | 29224844 |
| quantification of regional aerosol deposition patterns as a function of aerodynamic particle size in rhesus macaques using pet/ct imaging. | aerosol aerodynamic particle size is known to affect deposition patterns of inhaled aerosol particles, as well as the virulence of inhaled bioaerosol particles. while a significant amount of work has been performed to describe the deposition of aerosol particles in the human respiratory tract, only a limited amount of work has been performed to describe the deposition of aerosol particles in the respiratory tract of nonhuman primates, an animal model commonly utilized in pharmacological and toxi ... | 2017 | 29224407 |
| minimally invasive monitoring of cd4 t cells at multiple mucosal tissues after intranasal vaccination in rhesus macaques. | studies in nonhuman primates (nhp) for prospective immune cell monitoring subsequent to infection and/or vaccination usually rely on periodic sampling of the blood samples with only occasional collections of biopsies from mucosal tissues because of safety concerns and practical constraints. here we present evidence in support of cytobrush sampling of oral, rectal, and genital mucosal tissues as a minimally invasive approach for the phenotypic analyses of different t cells subsets de novo as well ... | 2017 | 29220358 |
| ultrahigh-magnitude brain magnetic resonance imaging scan on rhesus monkeys with implanted deep brain stimulation hardware. | patients with implanted deep brain stimulation (dbs) hardware are prohibited from undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (mri) scans at magnitudes greater than 1.5 t to avoid potential mri-related heating injury. whether dbs devices are compatible with higher field mri scanning is unknown. this study aimed to investigate whether 7.0 t and 3.0 t mri scans can be safely performed on rhesus monkeys with implanted dbs devices. | 2018 | 29219219 |
| hypercortisolemia and depressive-like behaviors in a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) involved in visual research. | a 10-y-old cranially implanted rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) involved in visual research was presented for dull mentation and weight loss. physical examination revealed alopecia and poor body conditioning, and bloodwork revealed marked hypercortisolemia (23 μg/dl). differential diagnoses for hypercortisolemia, weight loss, and alopecia included cushing and pseudo-cushing syndromes. to further evaluate hypercortisolemia, we compared the urine cortisol:creatinine ratio (uccr) at baseline and aft ... | 2017 | 29212586 |
| an in vitro assay to measure antibody-mediated inhibition of p. berghei sporozoite invasion against p. falciparum antigens. | a large research effort is currently underway to find an effective and affordable malaria vaccine. tools that enable the rapid evaluation of protective immune responses are essential to vaccine development as they can provide selection criteria to rank order vaccine candidates. in this study we have revisited the inhibition of sporozoite invasion (isi) assay to assess the ability of antibodies to inhibit sporozoite infection of hepatocytes. by using gfp expressing sporozoites of the rodent paras ... | 2017 | 29209029 |
| the efficacy, biodistribution and safety of an inhibin dna vaccine delivered by attenuated salmonella choleraesuis. | dna vaccines, the third-generation vaccines, were extensively studied. the attenuated salmonella choleraesuis (s. choleraesuis) was widely focused as a carrier to deliver dna vaccines in the chromosome-plasmid balanced-lethal system. the efficacy of inhibin dna vaccine delivered by attenuated s. choleraesuis was proved in mice and cows in our previous studies. in this study, the efficacy of inhibin dna vaccine was confirmed in rhesus monkeys. to further study the biodistribution and safety, the ... | 2018 | 29205848 |
| therapeutic targeting of membrane-associated grp78 in leukemia and lymphoma: preclinical efficacy in vitro and formal toxicity study of bmtp-78 in rodents and primates. | translation of drug candidates into clinical settings requires demonstration of preclinical efficacy and formal toxicology analysis for filling an investigational new drug (ind) application with the us food and drug administration (fda). here, we investigate the membrane-associated glucose response protein 78 (grp78) as a therapeutic target in leukemia and lymphoma. we evaluated the efficacy of the grp78-targeted proapoptotic drug bone metastasis targeting peptidomimetic 78 (bmtp-78), a member o ... | 2018 | 29205207 |
| vitrification of rhesus macaque mesenchymal stem cells and the effects on global gene expression. | mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) are one of the most promising adult stem cells for clinical application in a cell therapy. the development of large-scale cryopreservation techniques, such as vitrification, for mscs is a prerequisite for clinical therapies. dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and ethylene glycol (eg) are two types of cryoprotectants widely used for cell vitrification. however, the effects of dmso and eg on the biological characteristics and transcriptome profiles of mscs after cryopreservati ... | 2017 | 29204157 |
| chronic δ9-thc in rhesus monkeys: effects on cognitive performance and dopamine d2/d3 receptor availability. | cannabis-related impairments to cognitive function may represent novel therapeutic targets for cannabis-use disorder, although the nature, persistence, and reversibility of such deficits remain unclear. adult male rhesus monkeys (n = 6) responded in the morning on tasks designed to assess different cognitive domains using the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (cantab) touchscreens followed by responding maintained under a fixed-ratio (fr) 10 schedule of food presentation in dif ... | 2018 | 29203575 |
| correction to: integrative analysis associates monocytes with insufficient erythropoiesis during acute plasmodium cynomolgi malaria in rhesus macaques. | after publication of the article [1], it was brought to our attention that several symbols were missing from fig. 1, including some cited in the figure's key. the correct version of the figure is shown below and has now been updated in the original article. | 2017 | 29202752 |
| a selective role for ventromedial subthalamic nucleus in inhibitory control. | the subthalamic nucleus (stn) is hypothesized to play a central role in the rapid stopping of movement in reaction to a stop signal. single-unit recording evidence for such a role is sparse, however, and it remains uncertain how that role relates to the disparate functions described for anatomic subdivisions of the stn. here we address that gap in knowledge using non-human primates and a task that distinguishes reactive and proactive action inhibition, switching and skeletomotor functions. we fo ... | 2017 | 29199955 |
| rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) remember agency information from past events and integrate this knowledge with spatial and temporal features in working memory. | the purpose of the present study was to examine whether rhesus monkeys remember information about their own agency-along with spatial, temporal and contextual properties-from a previously experienced event. in experiment 1, rhesus monkeys (n = 4) used symbols to reliably indicate whether they had performed or observed an event on a computer screen. in experiment 2, naïve and experienced monkeys (n = 8) reported agency information when stringent controls for perceptual and proprioceptive cues wer ... | 2018 | 29196909 |
| integrin α4β7 blockade preferentially impacts ccr6+ lymphocyte subsets in blood and mucosal tissues of naive rhesus macaques. | infusion of a simianized anti-α4β7 mab (rh-α4β7) just before and following siv infection protected rhesus macaques from developing aids and partially from vaginal siv acquisition. recently, short-term treatment with rh-α4β7 in combination with cart was found to lead to prolonged viral suppression after withdrawal of all therapeutic interventions. the humanized form of rh-α4β7, vedolizumab, is a highly effective treatment for inflammatory bowel disease. to clarify the mechanism of action of rh-α4 ... | 2018 | 29196458 |
| chronic hyperandrogenemia in the presence and absence of a western-style diet impairs ovarian and uterine structure/function in young adult rhesus monkeys. | does chronic hyperandrogenemia beginning at menarche, in the absence and presence of a western-style diet (wsd), alter ovarian and uterine structure-function in young adult rhesus monkeys? | 2018 | 29190387 |
| the subcellular distribution of alpha-tocopherol in the adult primate brain and its relationship with membrane arachidonic acid and its oxidation products. | the relationship between α-tocopherol, a known antioxidant, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (pufa) oxidation, has not been directly investigated in the primate brain. this study characterized the membrane distribution of α-tocopherol in brain regions and investigated the association between membrane α-tocopherol and pufa content, as well as brain pufa oxidation products. nuclear, myelin, mitochondrial, and neuronal membranes were isolated using a density gradient from the prefrontal cortex (pfc), ... | 2017 | 29186823 |
| transformation of visual representations across ventral stream body-selective patches. | although the neural processing of visual images of bodies is critical for survival, it is much less well understood than face processing. functional imaging studies demonstrated body selective regions in primate inferior temporal cortex. to advance our understanding of how the visual brain represents bodies, we compared the representation of animate and inanimate objects in two such body patches with fmri-guided single unit recordings in rhesus monkeys. we found that the middle superior temporal ... | 2019 | 29186363 |
| camp response element binding protein expression in the hippocampus of rhesus macaques with chronic ephedrine addiction. | drug addiction is classified as a chronic relapse nature brain disease with complicated neurobiology mechanisms. there are an increasing number of researchers that are investigating the possible mechanisms for solving the thorny problem. | 2017 | 29181387 |
| a trivalent hcv vaccine elicits broad and synergistic polyclonal antibody response in mice and rhesus monkey. | despite the development of highly effective direct-acting antivirals, a prophylactic vaccine is needed for eradicating hcv. a major hurdle of hcv vaccine development is to induce immunity against hcv with high genome diversity. we previously demonstrated that a soluble e2 (se2) expressed from insect cells induces broadly neutralising antibodies (nabs) and prevents hcv infection. the objective of this study is to develop a multivalent hcv vaccine to increase the antigenic coverage. | 2019 | 29180585 |
| increased 27-hydroxycholesterol production during luteolysis may mediate the progressive decline in progesterone secretion. | does 27-hydroxycholesterol (27oh) actively facilitate the progression of luteolysis? | 2018 | 29177442 |
| intact perceptual ability, but impaired familiarity judgment, after neonatal perirhinal lesions in rhesus macaques. | the perirhinal cortex is known to support high-level perceptual abilities as well as familiarity judgments that may affect recognition memory. we tested whether poor perceptual abilities or a loss of familiarity judgment contributed to the recognition memory impairments reported earlier in monkeys with prh lesions received in infancy (neo-prh) (weiss and bachevalier, 2016; zeamer et al., 2015). perceptual abilities were assessed using a version of the visual paired comparison task with black&whi ... | 2017 | 29175539 |
| sex and rank affect how infant rhesus macaques look at faces. | we investigated how differences in infant sex and mothers' dominance status affect infant rhesus macaques' (macaca mulatta) interest in visually exploring emotional facial expressions. thirty-eight infants were presented with animated avatars of macaque facial expressions during the first month of life. sons of high-ranking mothers looked more at faces, especially the eye region, than sons of low-ranking mothers, but no difference in looking duration was found for daughters. males looked signifi ... | 2018 | 29165801 |
| in-vivo effects of intraocular and intracranial pressures on the lamina cribrosa microstructure. | there is increasing clinical evidence that the eye is not only affected by intraocular pressure (iop), but also by intracranial pressure (icp). both pressures meet at the optic nerve head of the eye, specifically the lamina cribrosa (lc). the lc is a collagenous meshwork through which all retinal ganglion cell axons pass on their way to the brain. distortion of the lc causes a biological cascade leading to neuropathy and impaired vision in situations such as glaucoma and idiopathic intracranial ... | 2017 | 29161320 |
| isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification-based proteomic analysis of testis biopsies in rhesus monkeys treated with transient scrotal hyperthermia. | this study aimed to examine the cellular and molecular events that occur in rhesus monkey testes after scrotal hyperthermia. eight male adult rhesus monkeys were subjected to scrotal hyperthermia at 43°c for 30 min daily for 6 consecutive days. sperm concentration, reproductive hormones, and testis histology were examined before hyperthermia (day 0), and at 8, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after the initiation of hyperthermia. itraq-based proteomic analysis was conducted on testicular tissues ... | 2017 | 29156766 |
| generation of complement molecular complex c5b-9 (c5b-9) in response to poly-traumatic hemorrhagic shock and evaluation of c5 cleavage inhibitors in non-human primates. | severe trauma initiates a systemic inflammatory cascade and that involves early activation of complement and cleavage of c5 into c5a (anaphylatoxin) and c5b (c5b-9 membrane attack complex). we examined activation of c5 in non-human primate (nhp) models of hemorrhagic shock. blood plasma concentrations of c5b-9 were significantly increased in nhps in response to hemorrhage alone and were further increased with the addition of tissue trauma. the onset of increased c5 cleavage was accelerated in nh ... | 2018 | 29156357 |
| tolerant barbary macaques maintain juvenile levels of social attention in old age, but despotic rhesus macaques do not. | complex social life is thought to be a major driver of complex cognition in primates, but few studies have directly tested the relationship between a given primate species' social system and their social cognitive skills. we experimentally compared life span patterns of a foundational social cognitive skill (following another's gaze) in tolerant barbary macaques, macaca sylvanus, and despotic rhesus macaques, macaca mulatta. semi-free-ranging monkeys (n = 80 individuals from each species) follow ... | 2017 | 29151603 |
| memory t cells are significantly increased in rejected liver allografts of rhesus monkeys. | the rhesus monkey (rm) is an excellent preclinical model in kidney, heart, and islet transplantation that has provided the basis for new immunosuppressive protocols for clinical studies. however, there remain relatively few liver transplantation (lt) models in nonhuman primates. in this study, we analyzed the immune cell populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) and secondary lymphoid organs along with livers of normal rms and compared them with those of rejected lt recipients fo ... | 2018 | 29150986 |
| corneal xenotransplantation from pig to rhesus monkey: no signs of transmission of endogenous porcine retroviruses. | xenotransplantations of pig corneas have become an attractive alternative to human corneas. such xenotransplantations carry the danger, however, of transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs). here, we investigated whether porcine corneas harbor viral dna and rna and whether transplantation to a nonhuman primate would lead to host perv infection. | 2017 | 29149984 |
| electrical activity of sensory pathways in female and male geriatric rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta), and its relation to oxidative stress. | synapses loss during aging has been related to decreased neuronal excitability and reduced electrophysiological activity in the nervous system, as well as to increased brain damage. those physiological and biochemical alterations have been related to the oxidative stress increase associated with old age. the main substrate of lipid peroxidation (lpx) in the central and peripheral nervous systems are the myelin sheaths, and their damage generates a delayed nerve conduction velocity. however, stud ... | 2018 | 29146475 |
| development of visual cortical function in infant macaques: a bold fmri study. | functional brain development is not well understood. in the visual system, neurophysiological studies in nonhuman primates show quite mature neuronal properties near birth although visual function is itself quite immature and continues to develop over many months or years after birth. our goal was to assess the relative development of two main visual processing streams, dorsal and ventral, using bold fmri in an attempt to understand the global mechanisms that support the maturation of visual beh ... | 2017 | 29145469 |
| effects of exosome on the activation of cd4+ t cells in rhesus macaques: a potential application for hiv latency reactivation. | exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (evs), released by a wide variety of cell types, carry donor origin-proteins, cytokines, and nucleic acids, transport these cargos to adjacent or distant specific recipient cells, and thereby regulate gene expression and activation of target cells. in this study, we isolated and identified exosomes in rhesus macaques, and investigated their effects on cell tropism and activation, especially their potential to reactivate hiv latency. the results indicated ... | 2017 | 29142313 |
| standardized automated training of rhesus monkeys for neuroscience research in their housing environment. | teaching nonhuman primates the complex cognitive behavioral tasks that are central to cognitive neuroscience research is an essential and challenging endeavor. it is crucial for the scientific success that the animals learn to interpret the often complex task rules and reliably and enduringly act accordingly. to achieve consistent behavior and comparable learning histories across animals, it is desirable to standardize training protocols. automatizing the training can significantly reduce the ti ... | 2018 | 29142094 |
| geographic clonal tracking in macaques provides insights into hspc migration and differentiation. | the geographic distribution of hematopoiesis at a clonal level is of interest in understanding how hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (hspcs) and their progeny interact with bone marrow (bm) niches during regeneration. we tagged rhesus macaque autologous hspcs with genetic barcodes, allowing clonal tracking over time and space after transplantation. we found marked geographic segregation of cd34+ hspcs for at least 6 mo posttransplantation, followed by very gradual clonal mixing at differen ... | 2018 | 29141868 |
| the bat as a new model of cortical development. | the organization of the mammalian cerebral cortex shares fundamental features across species. however, while the radial thickness of grey matter varies within one order of magnitude, the tangential spread of the cortical sheet varies by orders of magnitude across species. a broader sample of model species may provide additional clues for understanding mechanisms that drive cortical expansion. here, we introduce the bat carollia perspicillata as a new model species. the brain of c. perspicillata ... | 2018 | 29136119 |
| distinct spatial coordinate of visual and vestibular heading signals in macaque fefsem and mstd. | precise heading estimate requires integration of visual optic flow and vestibular inertial motion originating from distinct spatial coordinates (eye- and head-centered, respectively). to explore whether the two heading signals may share a common reference frame along the hierarchy of cortical stages, we explored two multisensory areas in macaques: the smooth pursuit area of the frontal eye field (fefsem) closer to the motor side, and the dorsal portion of medial superior temporal area (mstd) clo ... | 2017 | 29134944 |
| comparative functional potency of dna vaccines encoding plasmodium falciparum transmission blocking target antigens pfs48/45 and pfs25 administered alone or in combination by in vivo electroporation in rhesus macaques. | antibodies recognizing conformational epitopes in pfs48/45, an antigen expressed on the surface of plasmodium falciparum gametes and zygotes, have firmly established pfs48/45 as a promising transmission blocking vaccine (tbv) candidate. however, it has been difficult to reproducibly express pfs48/45 in a variety of recombinant expression systems. the goal of our studies was to evaluate functional immunogenicity of pfs48/45 using dna vaccine format in rhesus macaques. an additional goal was to en ... | 2017 | 29132995 |
| the use of desflurane for neurosurgical procedures in rhesus macaque ( macaca mulatta). | volatile agents are widely used to anaesthetise laboratory non-human primates as they allow a rapid induction and recovery as well as an easy adjustment of the anaesthesia plan. desflurane is currently the volatile agent with the lowest solubility in blood, and hence enables the most rapid onset of anaesthesia and most rapid recovery. this study aimed to investigate the suitability of desflurane for maintenance of general anaesthesia in rhesus macaques undergoing elective experimental neurosurge ... | 2018 | 29132231 |
| the effect of epitope-based ligation of icam-1 on survival and retransplantation of pig islets in nonhuman primates. | pig islet xenotransplantation is a promising alternative to allogeneic transplantation. however, the wide immunologic barrier between pigs and primates limits the long-term survival of the graft. md-3, a novel monoclonal antibody (mab) that recognizes a particular epitope of human icam-1, can render t cells tolerant to a xenograft by arresting dendritic cell maturation. we report the long-term survival of adult wild-type pig islets and successful retransplantation in nonhuman primates using a pr ... | 2018 | 29131413 |
| augmenting intracortical brain-machine interface with neurally driven error detectors. | making mistakes is inevitable, but identifying them allows us to correct or adapt our behavior to improve future performance. current brain-machine interfaces (bmis) make errors that need to be explicitly corrected by the user, thereby consuming time and thus hindering performance. we hypothesized that neural correlates of the user perceiving the mistake could be used by the bmi to automatically correct errors. however, it was unknown whether intracortical outcome error signals were present in t ... | 2017 | 29130452 |
| progress in developing transgenic monkey model for huntington's disease. | huntington's disease (hd) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that has no cure. although treatments can often be given to relieve symptoms, the neuropathology associated with hd cannot be stopped or reversed. hd is characterized by degeneration of the striatum and associated pathways that leads to impairment in motor and cognitive functions as well as psychiatric disturbances. although cell and rodent models for hd exist, longitudinal study in a transgenic hd nonhuman primate (i.e., rhesus m ... | 2018 | 29127484 |
| prediction of human prenatal exposure to bisphenol a and bisphenol a glucuronide from an ovine semi-physiological toxicokinetic model. | bisphenol a (bpa) risk assessment is hampered by the difficulty of determining the extent of internal exposure in the human fetus and uncertainties regarding bpa toxicokinetics (tk) in the maternal-fetal unit. a feto-maternal tk model describing bpa and bpa glucuronide (bpag) disposition in sheep was humanized, using human tk data obtained after d6-bpa administration on a cookie, to predict bpa and bpag kinetics in the human mother-fetus unit. validation of the model predictions included the ass ... | 2017 | 29127374 |
| low inherent sensitivity to the intoxicating effects of ethanol in rhesus monkeys with low csf concentrations of the serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. | type 2 alcoholism is characterized by low serotonin system functioning and has a high degree of heritability, with offspring of alcoholics often showing a reduced response to the intoxicating effects of ethanol (etoh), which is thought to be marker for future alcohol use disorders (auds). as such, an important aim of studies investigating the origins of auds is to understand the relationship between serotonin system functioning and level of intoxication. a nonhuman primate model was used to eval ... | 2018 | 29125625 |
| action categorization in rhesus monkeys: discrimination of grasping from non-grasping manual motor acts. | the ability to recognize others' actions is an important aspect of social behavior. while neurophysiological and behavioral research in monkeys has offered a better understanding of how the primate brain processes this type of information, further insight with respect to the neural correlates of action recognition requires tasks that allow recording of brain activity or perturbing brain regions while monkeys simultaneously make behavioral judgements about certain aspects of observed actions. her ... | 2017 | 29118339 |
| maintained avalanche dynamics during task-induced changes of neuronal activity in nonhuman primates. | sensory events, cognitive processing and motor actions correlate with transient changes in neuronal activity. in cortex, these transients form widespread spatiotemporal patterns with largely unknown statistical regularities. here, we show that activity associated with behavioral events carry the signature of scale-invariant spatiotemporal clusters, neuronal avalanches. using high-density microelectrode arrays in nonhuman primates, we recorded extracellular unit activity and the local field poten ... | 2017 | 29115213 |
| preclinical profile of a dopamine d1 potentiator suggests therapeutic utility in neurological and psychiatric disorders. | detq, an allosteric potentiator of the dopamine d1 receptor, was tested in therapeutic models that were known to respond to d1 agonists. because of a species difference in affinity for detq, all rodent experiments used transgenic mice expressing the human d1 receptor (hd1 mice). when given alone, detq reversed the locomotor depression caused by a low dose of reserpine. detq also acted synergistically with l-dopa to reverse the strong hypokinesia seen with a higher dose of reserpine. these result ... | 2018 | 29102759 |
| ontogeny of hallucal metatarsal rigidity and shape in the rhesus monkey (macaca mulatta) and chimpanzee (pan troglodytes). | life history variables including the timing of locomotor independence, along with changes in preferred locomotor behaviors and substrate use during development, influence how primates use their feet throughout ontogeny. changes in foot function during development, in particular the nature of how the hallux is used in grasping, can lead to different structural changes in foot bones. to test this hypothesis, metatarsal midshaft rigidity [estimated from the polar second moment of area (j) scaled to ... | 2018 | 29098692 |
| social hair pulling in captive rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | alopecia is common among captive populations of nonhuman primates. there are many potential causes of alopecia, including physiological conditions such as hormonal imbalance and infection, features of the captive environment such as housing type, ground substrate, and group density, as well as behavioral abnormalities such as self-plucking. a potential behavioral cause of alopecia in group-housed primates is social hair pulling, where one animal pulls hair from a conspecific. while social hair p ... | 2017 | 29095507 |
| transcription start site profiling of 15 anatomical regions of the macaca mulatta central nervous system. | rhesus macaque was the second non-human primate whose genome has been fully sequenced and is one of the most used model organisms to study human biology and disease, thanks to the close evolutionary relationship between the two species. but compared to human, where several previously unknown rnas have been uncovered, the macaque transcriptome is less studied. publicly available rna expression resources for macaque are limited, even for brain, which is highly relevant to study human cognitive abi ... | 2017 | 29087374 |
| role of basal stress hormones and amygdala dimensions in stress coping strategies of male rhesus monkeys in response to a hazard-reward conflict. | in the present study the effect of stress on monkeys that had learned to retrieve food from a five-chamber receptacle, as well as the relationship between their behavior and the serum cortisol and epinephrine levels and relative size of the amygdala was evaluated. | 2017 | 29085588 |
| hypo-osmolar formulation of tenofovir (tfv) enema promotes uptake and metabolism of tfv in tissues, leading to prevention of shiv/siv infection. | oral preexposure prophylaxis (prep) has been approved for prophylaxis of hiv-1 transmission but is associated with high costs and issues of adherence. protection from anal transmission of hiv using topical microbicides and methods congruent with sexual behavior offers the promise of improved adherence. we compared the pharmacokinetics (pk) and ex vivo efficacy of iso-osmolar (iosm) and hypo-osmolar (hosm) rectal enema formulations of tenofovir (tfv) in rhesus macaques. single-dose pk of iosm or ... | 2018 | 29084755 |
| intermittent access to ethanol induces escalated alcohol consumption in primates. | escalation of voluntary alcohol drinking is characteristic of alcohol addiction and can be induced in rodents using intermittent access to alcohol. this model has been used to evaluate candidate therapeutics, but key systems involved in the transition into alcohol addiction, such as crf, differ in their organization between rodents and primates. we examined the ability of an intermittent access schedule to induce escalation of voluntary alcohol drinking in non-human primates and used this model ... | 2017 | 29082267 |
| early rearing history influences oxytocin receptor epigenetic regulation in rhesus macaques. | adaptations to stress can occur through epigenetic processes and may be a conduit for informing offspring of environmental challenge. we employed chip-sequencing for h3k4me3 to examine effects of early maternal deprivation (peer-rearing, pr) in archived rhesus macaque hippocampal samples (male, n = 13). focusing on genes with roles in stress response and behavior, we assessed the effects of rearing on h3k4me3 binding by anova. we found decreased h3k4me3 binding at genes critical to behavioral st ... | 2017 | 29078292 |
| direct actions of androgen, estrogen and anti-müllerian hormone on primate secondary follicle development in the absence of fsh in vitro. | what are effects of androgen, estrogen and anti-müllerian hormone (amh), independent of fsh action, on the development and function of primate follicles from the preantral to small antral stage in vitro? | 2017 | 29077845 |
| vigilance for threat accounts for inter-individual variation in physiological responses to adversity in rhesus macaques: a cognition × environment approach. | early life adversity (ela) can lead to poor health later in life. however, there is significant variation in outcomes, with some individuals displaying resilience even in the face of adversity. using longitudinal data collected from free-ranging rhesus macaques between birth and 3 years, we examined whether individual variation in vigilance for threat, an early emerging attentional bias, can account for variation in long-term outcomes between individuals reared in similar environments. we found ... | 2017 | 29071705 |
| characterizing eye movement behaviors and kinematics of non-human primates during virtual navigation tasks. | virtual environments (ve) allow testing complex behaviors in naturalistic settings by combining highly controlled visual stimuli with spatial navigation and other cognitive tasks. they also allow for the recording of eye movements using high-precision eye tracking techniques, which is important in electrophysiological studies examining the response properties of neurons in visual areas of nonhuman primates. however, during virtual navigation, the pattern of retinal stimulation can be highly dyna ... | 2017 | 29071352 |
| [therapeutic effect of recombinant human stem cell factor on rhesus monkeys with severe acute radiation sickness]. | to study the therapeutic effect of rhscf early administration on rhesus monkeys with severe acute radiation sickness(ars). | 2017 | 29070141 |
| comparative analysis of microbial sensing molecules in mucosal tissues with aging. | host-bacterial interactions at mucosal surfaces require recognition of the bacteria by host cells enabling targeted responses to maintain tissue homeostasis. it is now well recognized that an array of host-derived pattern recognition receptors (prrs), both cell-bound and soluble, are critical to innate immune engagement of microbes via microbial-associated molecular patterns (mamp). this report describes the use of a nonhuman primate model to evaluate changes in the expression of these sensing m ... | 2018 | 29066255 |
| preface: franz-josef kaup and the development of the pathology unit at the german primate center. | this special issue about selected diseases of nonhuman primates was created in honor of franz-josef kaup, who worked as a primate pathologist at the german primate center (dpz) for 25 years. in 1992, franz-josef kaup started his career at the dpz as head of the working group experimental pathology. prior to that he worked as a research assistant in the division electron microscopy at the institute of pathology of the university of veterinary medicine in hanover. he was very experienced in the fi ... | 2017 | 32110708 |
| comparative analysis of activation induced marker (aim) assays for sensitive identification of antigen-specific cd4 t cells. | the identification and study of antigen-specific cd4 t cells, both in peripheral blood and in tissues, is key for a broad range of immunological research, including vaccine responses and infectious diseases. detection of these cells is hampered by both their rarity and their heterogeneity, in particular with regards to cytokine secretion profiles. these factors prevent the identification of the total pool of antigen-specific cd4 t cells by classical methods. we have developed assays for the high ... | 2017 | 29065175 |
| touchscreen technology in the study of cognition-related behavior. | there is a growing need for new translational animal models designed to capture complex behavioral phenotypes implicated in addiction and other neuropsychiatric conditions. for example, a complete understanding of the effects of commonly abused drugs, as well as candidate medications, requires assessments of their effects on learning, memory, attention, and other cognition-related behavior. modern touch-sensitive technology provides an extremely flexible means to expose an experimental subject t ... | 2017 | 29064843 |
| pharmacokinetics of a long-acting nanoformulated dolutegravir prodrug in rhesus macaques. | a nanoformulated myristoylated dolutegravir prodrug (nmdtg) was prepared using good laboratory practice protocols. intramuscular injection of nmdtg (118 ± 8 mg/ml, 25.5 mg of dtg equivalents/kg of body weight) to three rhesus macaques led to plasma dtg levels of 86 ± 12 and 28 ± 1 ng/ml on days 35 and 91, respectively. the nmdtg platform showed no significant adverse events. further modification may further extend the drug's apparent half-life for human use. | 2018 | 29061742 |
| elevated intraocular pressure induces amyloid-β deposition and tauopathy in the lateral geniculate nucleus in a monkey model of glaucoma. | recent evidence has suggested a potential association between alzheimer's disease (ad) and glaucoma and found significant deposition of amyloid-β (aβ) and tau protein in the retinas of glaucoma patients. however, no coherent finding has emerged regarding the ad-like changes in the central visual system (cvs). studies confirming the presence of aβ and tau neuropathology are warranted to identify the underlying mechanism that contributes to the visual impairment observed in glaucoma. | 2017 | 29059309 |
| pre-clinical results in pig-to-non-human primate islet xenotransplantation using anti-cd40 antibody (2c10r4)-based immunosuppression. | islet transplantation is an effective therapy for selected patients with type 1 diabetes with labile glycemic control and hypoglycemic unawareness, but donor organs are limited. islet xenotransplantation using porcine islets will potentially solve this problem. although successful proof of concept studies using clinically inapplicable anti-cd154 monoclonal antibody (mab) in pig-to-non-human primate (nhp) islet xenotransplantation has been demonstrated by several groups worldwide, potentially cli ... | 2018 | 29057561 |
| evaluation of prolonged administration of isoflurane on cerebral blood flow and default mode network in macaque monkeys anesthetized with different maintenance doses. | isoflurane is a commonly used volatile anesthetic agent in clinical anesthesia and biomedical research. prior study suggested the cerebral blood flow (cbf) and default mode network (dmn) could be changed after prolonged administration of isoflurane. the normal maintenance doses of isoflurane may vary from light (∼0.75%) to deep (∼1.5 or 2%) anesthesia. however, it is not clear how the duration effects are affected by the altered doses. the present study is aimed to examine if the duration effect ... | 2018 | 29055725 |
| effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient ha/zro2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bmp-2 and bmscs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. | dense biomaterial plays an important role in bone replacement. however, it fails to induce bone cell migration into graft material. in the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (bgs) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (pghc) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. the morphological characteristics of the bgs evaluated by a sc ... | 2018 | 29055138 |
| effect of repeated abstinence on chronic ethanol self-administration in the rhesus monkey. | abstinence-based approaches to treating alcohol use disorder (aud) are highly prevalent, but abstinence from chronic drinking may exacerbate subsequent levels of alcohol intake in relapse. | 2018 | 29051997 |
| comparison of visual receptive fields in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral intraparietal area in macaques. | the concept of receptive field (rf) describes the responsiveness of neurons to sensory space. neurons in the primate association cortices have long been known to be spatially selective but a detailed characterisation and direct comparison of rfs between frontal and parietal association cortices are missing. we sampled the rfs of a large number of neurons from two interconnected areas of the frontal and parietal lobes, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlpfc) and ventral intraparietal area (vip ... | 2017 | 29044804 |
| what do monkeys know about others' knowledge? | recently, comparative psychologists have suggested that primates represent others' knowledge states. evidence for this claim comes from studies demonstrating that primates expect others to maintain representations of objects when those objects are not currently visible. however, little work has explored whether nonhuman primates expect others to share the more sophisticated kinds of object knowledge that they themselves possess. we therefore investigated whether primates attribute to others know ... | 2018 | 29040907 |
| effects of lorcaserin (belviq®) on nicotine- and food-maintained responding in non-human primates. | accumulating evidence suggests that the fda-approved serotonin 5-ht2c receptor agonist, lorcaserin (belviq®), may be a promising candidate for the management of substance use disorders, including nicotine addiction. the present study was conducted to determine the efficacy and selectivity of acute or continuous lorcaserin treatment for decreasing the reinforcing effects of nicotine in a primate species. | 2017 | 29040827 |
| maintenance on naltrexone+amphetamine decreases cocaine-vs.-food choice in male rhesus monkeys. | cocaine use disorder remains a significant public health issue for which there are no fda-approved pharmacotherapies. amphetamine maintenance reduces cocaine use in preclinical and clinical studies, but the mechanism of this effect is unknown. previous studies indicate a role for endogenous opioid release and subsequent opioid receptor activation in some amphetamine effects; therefore, the current study examined the role of mu-opioid receptor activation in d-amphetamine treatment effects in an a ... | 2017 | 29040826 |
| in vivo bone strain and finite element modeling of a rhesus macaque mandible during mastication. | finite element analysis (fea) is a commonly used tool in musculoskeletal biomechanics and vertebrate paleontology. the accuracy and precision of finite element models (fems) are reliant on accurate data on bone geometry, muscle forces, boundary conditions and tissue material properties. simplified modeling assumptions, due to lack of in vivo experimental data on material properties and muscle activation patterns, may introduce analytical errors in analyses where quantitative accuracy is critical ... | 2017 | 29037463 |
| serial decision-making in monkeys during an oculomotor task. | much of everyday behavior involves serial decision-making, in which the outcome of 1 choice affects another. an example is setting rules for oneself: choosing a behavioral rule guides appropriate choices in the future. how the brain links decisions across time is poorly understood. neural mechanisms could be studied in monkeys, as it is known that they can select and use behavioral rules, but existing psychophysical paradigms are poorly suited for the constraints of neurophysiology. therefore, w ... | 2018 | 29035065 |
| a six-year longitudinal pet study of (+)-[11c]dtbz binding to the vmat2 in monkey brain. | the longitudinal reproducibility of in vivo binding potential measures for [11c]dihydrotetrabenazine ([11c]dtbz) binding to the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (vmat2) site in primate brain was examined using a unique dataset of repeated control pet imaging studies. | 2017 | 29031997 |
| dissociation of self-motion and object motion by linear population decoding that approximates marginalization. | we use visual image motion to judge the movement of objects, as well as our own movements through the environment. generally, image motion components caused by object motion and self-motion are confounded in the retinal image. thus, to estimate heading, the brain would ideally marginalize out the effects of object motion (or vice versa), but little is known about how this is accomplished neurally. behavioral studies suggest that vestibular signals play a role in dissociating object motion and se ... | 2017 | 29030435 |
| prepulse inhibition of auditory cortical responses in the caudolateral superior temporal gyrus in macaca mulatta. | prepulse inhibition (ppi) refers to a decreased response to a startling stimulus when another weaker stimulus precedes it. most ppi studies have focused on the physiological startle reflex and fewer have reported the ppi of cortical responses. we recorded local field potentials (lfps) in four monkeys and investigated whether the ppi of auditory cortical responses (alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations and evoked potentials) can be demonstrated in the caudolateral belt of the superior temporal gyru ... | 2018 | 29022224 |
| preference for novel faces in male infant monkeys predicts cerebrospinal fluid oxytocin concentrations later in life. | the ability to recognize individuals is a critical skill acquired early in life for group living species. in primates, individual recognition occurs predominantly through face discrimination. despite the essential adaptive value of this ability, robust individual differences in conspecific face recognition exist, yet its associated biology remains unknown. although pharmacological administration of oxytocin has implicated this neuropeptide in face perception and social memory, no prior research ... | 2017 | 29021623 |