| [Advantages and prospects of the use of genetic vaccines for the protection from dangerous and socially significant infections]. | High frequency of epidemiological threats (H5N1 influenza, SARS, etc.) in modern world calls for the development of new flexible technologies for manufacturing efficacious vaccines and rapid reorientation of their production as appropriate. Genetic vaccination is one of such technologies aimed at prophylaxis of dangerous and socially significant infections. The technology is based on administration of one or several functionally active genes encoding for antigens of pathogens which induces forma ... | 2011 | 22168038 |
| sars coronavirus 3b accessory protein modulates transcriptional activity of runx1b. | the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, sars coronavirus (sars-cov) genome encodes several unique group specific accessory proteins with unknown functions. among them, accessory protein 3b (also known as orf4) was lately identified as one of the viral interferon antagonist. recently our lab uncovered a new role for 3b in upregulation of ap-1 transcriptional activity and its downstream genes. thus, we believe that 3b might play an important role in sars-cov pathogenesis and ther ... | 2012 | 22253733 |
| phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase iii beta is required for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike-mediated cell entry. | phosphatidylinositol kinases (pi kinases) play an important role in the life cycle of several viruses after infection. using gene knockdown technology, we demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase iii beta (pi4kb) is required for cellular entry by pseudoviruses bearing the sars-cov spike protein and that the cell entry mediated by sars-cov s is strongly inhibited by knockdown of pi4kb. consistent with this observation, pharmacological inhibitors of pi4kb blocked entry of sars pseudovirions. ... | 2012 | 22253445 |
| a real-time pcr assay for bat sars-like coronavirus detection and its application to italian greater horseshoe bat faecal sample surveys. | bats are source of coronaviruses closely related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) virus. numerous studies have been carried out to identify new bat viruses related to sars-coronavirus (bat-sars-like covs) using a reverse-transcribed-polymerase chain reaction assay. however, a qualitative pcr could underestimate the prevalence of infection, affecting the epidemiological evaluation of bats in viral ecology. in this work an sybr green-real time pcr assay was developed for diagnosing ... | 2011 | 22654650 |
| a real-time pcr assay for bat sars-like coronavirus detection and its application to italian greater horseshoe bat faecal sample surveys. | bats are source of coronaviruses closely related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) virus. numerous studies have been carried out to identify new bat viruses related to sars-coronavirus (bat-sars-like covs) using a reverse-transcribed-polymerase chain reaction assay. however, a qualitative pcr could underestimate the prevalence of infection, affecting the epidemiological evaluation of bats in viral ecology. in this work an sybr green-real time pcr assay was developed for diagnosing ... | 2011 | 22654650 |
| stability of bovine coronavirus on lettuce surfaces under household refrigeration conditions. | fecal suspensions with an aerosol route of transmission were responsible for a cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) cases in 2003 in hong kong. based on that event, the world health organization recommended that research be implemented to define modes of transmission of sars coronavirus through sewage, feces, food and water. environmental studies have shown that animal coronaviruses remain infectious in water and sewage for up to a year depending on the temperature and humidity. i ... | 2011 | 22265299 |
| characterization of germline antibody libraries from human umbilical cord blood and selection of monoclonal antibodies to viral envelope glycoproteins: implications for mechanisms of immune evasion and design of vaccine immunogens. | we have previously observed that all known hiv-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnabs) are highly divergent from germline antibodies in contrast to bnabs against hendra virus, nipah virus and sars coronavirus (sars cov). we have hypothesized that because the germline antibodies are so different from the mature hiv-1-specific bnabs they may not bind the epitopes of the mature antibodies and provided the first evidence to support this hypothesis by using individual putative germline-like predece ... | 2011 | 22226962 |
| [highly contagious diseases with human-to-human transmission]. | highly contagious diseases are caused by various biological agents that pose a risk to individuals and may have a potential for public health impact. they result in high mortality and morbidity rates, might cause public panic and therefore require special measures. the pathogens that can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person are the riskiest for clinicians (ebola virus, marburg virus, lassa virus, crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus, variola major, sars virus and yersinia ... | 2012 | 23386507 |
| bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans. | bats are being increasingly recognized as an important reservoir of zoonotic viruses of different families, including sars coronavirus, nipah virus, hendra virus and ebola virus. several recent studies hypothesized that bats, an ancient group of flying mammals, are the major reservoir of several important rna virus families from which other mammalian viruses of livestock and humans were derived. although this hypothesis needs further investigation, the premise that bats carry a large number of v ... | 2012 | 23265969 |
| wildlife trade and human health in lao pdr: an assessment of the zoonotic disease risk in markets. | although the majority of emerging infectious diseases can be linked to wildlife sources, most pathogen spillover events to people could likely be avoided if transmission was better understood and practices adjusted to mitigate risk. wildlife trade can facilitate zoonotic disease transmission and represents a threat to human health and economies in asia, highlighted by the 2003 sars coronavirus outbreak, where a chinese wildlife market facilitated pathogen transmission. additionally, wildlife tra ... | 2016 | 27008628 |
| the role of host genetic factors in respiratory tract infectious diseases: systematic review, meta-analyses and field synopsis. | host genetic factors have frequently been implicated in respiratory infectious diseases, often with inconsistent results in replication studies. we identified 386 studies from the total of 24,823 studies identified in a systematic search of four bibliographic databases. we performed meta-analyses of studies on tuberculosis, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, sars-coronavirus and pneumonia. one single-nucleotide polymorphism from il4 gene was significant for pooled respiratory infections (rs ... | 2015 | 26524966 |
| two years after pandemic influenza a/2009/h1n1: what have we learned? | the world had been anticipating another influenza pandemic since the last one in 1968. the pandemic influenza a h1n1 2009 virus (a/2009/h1n1) finally arrived, causing the first pandemic influenza of the new millennium, which has affected over 214 countries and caused over 18,449 deaths. because of the persistent threat from the a/h5n1 virus since 1997 and the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus in 2003, medical and scientific communities have been more prepared i ... | 2012 | 22491771 |
| the virus-host interplay: biogenesis of +rna replication complexes. | positive-strand rna (+rna) viruses are an important group of human and animal pathogens that have significant global health and economic impacts. notable members include west nile virus, dengue virus, chikungunya, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus and enteroviruses of the picornaviridae family.unfortunately, prophylactic and therapeutic treatments against these pathogens are limited. +rna viruses have limited coding capacity and thus rely extensively on host factors for succes ... | 2015 | 26287230 |
| message in a bottle: lessons learned from antagonism of sting signalling during rna virus infection. | sting has emerged in recent years as an important signalling adaptor in the activation of type i interferon responses during infection with dna viruses and bacteria. an increasing body of evidence suggests that sting also modulates responses to rna viruses, though the mechanisms remain less clear. in this review, we give a brief overview of the ways in which sting facilitates sensing of rna viruses. these include modulation of rig-i-dependent responses through sting's interaction with mavs, and ... | 2014 | 25212897 |
| θ-defensins: cyclic peptides with endless potential. | θ-defensins, the only cyclic peptides of animal origin, have been isolated from the leukocytes of rhesus macaques and baboons. their biogenesis is unusual because each peptide is an 18-residue chimera formed by the head-to-tail splicing of nonapeptides derived from two separate precursors. θ-defensins have multiple arginines and a ladder-like tridisulfide array spanning their two antiparallel β-strands. human θ-defensin genes contain a premature stop codon that prevents effective translation of ... | 2012 | 22700960 |
| ifitm-family proteins: the cell's first line of antiviral defense. | animal cells use a wide variety of mechanisms to slow or prevent replication of viruses. these mechanisms are usually mediated by antiviral proteins whose expression and activities can be constitutive but are frequently amplified by interferon induction. among these interferon-stimulated proteins, members of the ifitm (interferon-induced transmembrane) family are unique because they prevent infection before a virus can traverse the lipid bilayer of the cell. at least three human ifitm proteins-i ... | 0 | 25599080 |
| immunization with sars coronavirus vaccines leads to pulmonary immunopathology on challenge with the sars virus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) emerged in china in 2002 and spread to other countries before brought under control. because of a concern for reemergence or a deliberate release of the sars coronavirus, vaccine development was initiated. evaluations of an inactivated whole virus vaccine in ferrets and nonhuman primates and a virus-like-particle vaccine in mice induced protection against infection but challenged animals exhibited an immunopathologic-type lung disease. | 2012 | 22536382 |
| viral subversion of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking. | trafficking of proteins and rna into and out of the nucleus occurs through the nuclear pore complex (npc). because of its critical function in many cellular processes, the npc and transport factors are common targets of several viruses that disrupt key constituents of the machinery to facilitate viral replication. many viruses such as poliovirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) virus inhibit protein import into the nucleus, whereas viruses such as influenza a virus target and disrupt ... | 2013 | 24289861 |
| lack of innate interferon responses during sars coronavirus infection in a vaccination and reinfection ferret model. | in terms of its highly pathogenic nature, there remains a significant need to further define the immune pathology of sars-coronavirus (sars-cov) infection, as well as identify correlates of immunity to help develop vaccines for severe coronaviral infections. here we use a sars-cov infection-reinfection ferret model and a functional genomics approach to gain insight into sars immunopathogenesis and to identify correlates of immune protection during sars-cov-challenge in ferrets previously infecte ... | 2012 | 23029269 |
| sars-cov regulates immune function-related gene expression in human monocytic cells. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) and pulmonary fibrosis, and monocytes/macrophages are the key players in the pathogenesis of sars. in this study, we compared the transcriptional profiles of sars coronavirus (sars-cov)-infected monocytic cells against that infected by coronavirus 229e (cov-229e). total rna was extracted from infected dc-sign-transfected monocytes (thp-1-dc-sign) at 6 and 24 h after infection, and the gene exp ... | 0 | 22876772 |
| suppression of coronavirus replication by cyclophilin inhibitors. | coronaviruses infect a variety of mammalian and avian species and cause serious diseases in humans, cats, mice, and birds in the form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), feline infectious peritonitis (fip), mouse hepatitis, and avian infectious bronchitis, respectively. no effective vaccine or treatment has been developed for sars-coronavirus or fip virus, both of which cause lethal diseases. it has been reported that a cyclophilin inhibitor, cyclosporin a (csa), could inhibit the repli ... | 2013 | 23698397 |
| contrasted patterns of variation and evolutionary convergence at the antiviral oas1 gene in old world primates. | the oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (oas1) enzyme acts as an innate sensor of viral infection and plays a major role in the defense against a wide diversity of viruses. polymorphisms at oas1 have been shown to correlate with differential susceptibility to several infections of great public health significance, including hepatitis c virus, sars coronavirus, and west nile virus. population genetics analyses in hominoids have revealed interesting evolutionary patterns. in central african chimpanzee, oa ... | 2015 | 26156123 |
| contrasted patterns of variation and evolutionary convergence at the antiviral oas1 gene in old world primates. | the oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (oas1) enzyme acts as an innate sensor of viral infection and plays a major role in the defense against a wide diversity of viruses. polymorphisms at oas1 have been shown to correlate with differential susceptibility to several infections of great public health significance, including hepatitis c virus, sars coronavirus, and west nile virus. population genetics analyses in hominoids have revealed interesting evolutionary patterns. in central african chimpanzee, oa ... | 2015 | 26156123 |
| cell culture and electron microscopy for identifying viruses in diseases of unknown cause. | during outbreaks of infectious diseases or in cases of severely ill patients, it is imperative to identify the causative agent. this report describes several events in which virus isolation and identification by electron microscopy were critical to initial recognition of the etiologic agent, which was further analyzed by additional laboratory diagnostic assays. examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and nipah, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, west nile, cache valley, and he ... | 0 | 23731788 |
| tim-family proteins promote infection of multiple enveloped viruses through virion-associated phosphatidylserine. | human t-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing proteins (tim1, 3, and 4) specifically bind phosphatidylserine (ps). tim1 has been proposed to serve as a cellular receptor for hepatitis a virus and ebola virus and as an entry factor for dengue virus. here we show that tim1 promotes infection of retroviruses and virus-like particles (vlps) pseudotyped with a range of viral entry proteins, in particular those from the filovirus, flavivirus, new world arenavirus and alphavirus families. tim ... | 2013 | 23555248 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication inhibitor that interferes with the nucleic acid unwinding of the viral helicase. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a highly contagious disease, caused by sars coronavirus (sars-cov), for which there are no approved treatments. we report the discovery of a potent inhibitor of sars-cov that blocks replication by inhibiting the unwinding activity of the sars-cov helicase (nsp13). we used a förster resonance energy transfer (fret)-based helicase assay to screen the maybridge hitfinder chemical library. we identified and validated a compound (ssya10-001) that specifical ... | 2012 | 22733076 |
| a synthetic consensus anti-spike protein dna vaccine induces protective immunity against middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in nonhuman primates. | first identified in 2012, middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) is caused by an emerging human coronavirus, which is distinct from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), and represents a novel member of the lineage c betacoronoviruses. since its identification, mers coronavirus (mers-cov) has been linked to more than 1372 infections manifesting with severe morbidity and, often, mortality (about 495 deaths) in the arabian peninsula, europe, and, most recently, the united ... | 0 | 26290414 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus: transmission, virology and therapeutic targeting to aid in outbreak control. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) causes high fever, cough, acute respiratory tract infection and multiorgan dysfunction that may eventually lead to the death of the infected individuals. mers-cov is thought to be transmitted to humans through dromedary camels. the occurrence of the virus was first reported in the middle east and it subsequently spread to several parts of the world. since 2012, about 1368 infections, including ~487 deaths, have been reported worldwide. nota ... | 2015 | 26315600 |
| high-resolution analysis of coronavirus gene expression by rna sequencing and ribosome profiling. | members of the family coronaviridae have the largest genomes of all rna viruses, typically in the region of 30 kilobases. several coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (mers-cov), are of medical importance, with high mortality rates and, in the case of sars-cov, significant pandemic potential. other coronaviruses, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and avian coronavirus, are important ... | 2016 | 26919232 |
| middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus neutralising serum antibodies in dromedary camels: a comparative serological study. | a new betacoronavirus-middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov)-has been identified in patients with severe acute respiratory infection. although related viruses infect bats, molecular clock analyses have been unable to identify direct ancestors of mers-cov. anecdotal exposure histories suggest that patients had been in contact with dromedary camels or goats. we investigated possible animal reservoirs of mers-cov by assessing specific serum antibodies in livestock. | 2013 | 23933067 |
| differential sensitivity of bat cells to infection by enveloped rna viruses: coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, filoviruses, and influenza viruses. | bats (chiroptera) host major human pathogenic viruses including corona-, paramyxo, rhabdo- and filoviruses. we analyzed six different cell lines from either yinpterochiroptera (including african flying foxes and a rhinolophid bat) or yangochiroptera (genera carollia and tadarida) for susceptibility to infection by different enveloped rna viruses. none of the cells were sensitive to infection by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), a porcine coronavirus, or to infection mediated by the spi ... | 2013 | 24023659 |
| viral rewiring of cellular lipid metabolism to create membranous replication compartments. | positive-strand rna (+rna) viruses (e.g. poliovirus, hepatitis c virus, dengue virus, sars-coronavirus) remodel cellular membranes to form so-called viral replication compartments (vrcs), which are the sites where viral rna genome replication takes place. to induce vrc formation, these viruses extensively rewire lipid metabolism. disparate viruses have many commonalities as well as disparities in their interactions with the host lipidome and accumulate specific sets of lipids (sterols, glyceroph ... | 2017 | 28242560 |
| compounds derived from epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) as a novel approach to the prevention of viral infections. | pathogenic viral infections pose major health risks to humans and livestock due to viral infection-associated illnesses such as chronic or acute inflammation in crucial organs and systems, malignant and benign lesions. these lead to large number of illnesses and deaths worldwide each year. outbreaks of emerging lethal viruses, such as ebola virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) virus and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) virus, could lead to epidemics or even pandemics if they ar ... | 2015 | 26490660 |
| bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases. | in recent years severe infectious diseases have been constantly emerging, causing panic in the world. now we know that many of these terrible diseases are caused by viruses originated from bats (table 1), such as ebola virus, marburg, sars coronavirus (sars-cov), mers coronavirus (mers-cov), nipah virus (niv) and hendra virus (hev). these viruses have co-evolved with bats due to bats' special social, biological and immunological features. although bats are not in close contact with humans, spill ... | 2015 | 25997928 |
| analysis of cathepsin and furin proteolytic enzymes involved in viral fusion protein activation in cells of the bat reservoir host. | bats of different species play a major role in the emergence and transmission of highly pathogenic viruses including ebola virus, sars-like coronavirus and the henipaviruses. these viruses require proteolytic activation of surface envelope glycoproteins needed for entry, and cellular cathepsins have been shown to be involved in proteolysis of glycoproteins from these distinct virus families. very little is currently known about the available proteases in bats. to determine whether the utilizatio ... | 2015 | 25706132 |
| protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry. | in order to gain entry into cells, diverse viruses, including ebola virus, sars-coronavirus and the emerging mers-coronavirus, depend on activation of their envelope glycoproteins by host cell proteases. the respective enzymes are thus excellent targets for antiviral intervention. in cell culture, activation of ebola virus, as well as sars- and mers-coronavirus can be accomplished by the endosomal cysteine proteases, cathepsin l (ctsl) and cathepsin b (ctsb). in addition, sars- and mers-coronavi ... | 2015 | 25666761 |
| genomics and proteomics of mycobacteriophage patience, an accidental tourist in the mycobacterium neighborhood. | newly emerging human viruses such as ebola virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) virus, and hiv likely originate within an extant population of viruses in nonhuman hosts and acquire the ability to infect and cause disease in humans. although several mechanisms preventing viral infection of particular hosts have been described, the mechanisms and constraints on viral host expansion are ill defined. we describe here mycobacteriophage patience, a newly isolated phage recovered using mycob ... | 2014 | 25467442 |
| development of novel entry inhibitors targeting emerging viruses. | emerging viral diseases pose a unique risk to public health, and thus there is a need to develop therapies. a current focus of funding agencies, and hence research, is the development of broad-spectrum antivirals, and in particular, those targeting common cellular pathways. the scope of this article is to review screening strategies and recent advances in this area, with a particular emphasis on antivirals targeting the step of viral entry for emerging lipid-enveloped viruses such as ebola virus ... | 2012 | 23199399 |
| geranylated flavonoids displaying sars-cov papain-like protease inhibition from the fruits of paulownia tomentosa. | sars-cov papain-like protease (plpro) is an important antiviral target due to its key roles in sars virus replication. the meoh extracts of the fruits of the paulownia tree yielded many small molecules capable of targeting plpro. five of these compounds were new geranylated flavonoids, tomentin a, tomentin b, tomentin c, tomentin d, tomentin e (1-5). structure analysis of new compounds (1-5) by nmr showed that they all contain a 3,4-dihydro-2h-pyran moiety. this chemotype is very rare and is der ... | 2013 | 23623680 |
| the sars coronavirus 3a protein binds calcium in its cytoplasmic domain. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) is a positive stranded rna virus with ∼30kb genome. among all open reading frames (orfs) of this virus, the orf3a is the largest, and encodes a protein of 274 amino acids, named as 3a protein. sequence analysis suggests that the orf3a aligned to one calcium pump present in plasmodium falciparum and the enzyme glutamine synthetase found in leptospira interrogans. this sequence similarity was found to be limited only to amino acid residu ... | 2014 | 25116391 |
| genetic manipulation of outer membrane permeability: generating porous heterogeneous catalyst analogs in escherichia coli. | the limited permeability of the e. coli outer membrane can significantly hinder whole-cell biocatalyst performance. in this study, the sars coronavirus small envelope protein (scve) was expressed in e. coli cells previously engineered for periplasmic expression of carbonic anhydrase (ca) activity. this maneuver increased small molecule uptake by the cells, resulting in increased apparent ca activity of the biocatalysts. the enhancements in activity were quantified using methods developed for tra ... | 2014 | 24932924 |
| cathepsin l helps to defend mice from infection with influenza a. | host-derived proteases can augment or help to clear infections. this dichotomy is exemplified by cathepsin l (ctsl), which helps hendra virus and sars coronavirus to invade cells, but is essential for survival in mice with mycoplasma pneumonia. the present study tested the hypothesis that ctsl protects mice from serious consequences of infection by the orthomyxovirus influenza a, which is thought to be activated by host-supplied proteases other than ctsl. ctsl-/- mice infected with influenza a/p ... | 2016 | 27716790 |
| pains and gains from china's experiences with emerging epidemics: from sars to h7n9. | over the recent decades, china experienced several emerging virus outbreaks including those caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome- (sars-) coronavirus (cov), h5n1 virus, and h7n9 virus. the sars tragedy revealed faults in china's infectious disease prevention system, propelling the chinese government to enact reforms that enabled better combating of the subsequent h1n1 and h7n9 avian flu epidemics. the system is buttressed by three fundamental, mutually reinforcing components: (1) endu ... | 2016 | 27525272 |
| the pathology and pathogenesis of experimental severe acute respiratory syndrome and influenza in animal models. | respiratory viruses that emerge in the human population may cause high morbidity and mortality, as well as concern about pandemic spread. examples are severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and novel variants of influenza a virus, such as h5n1 and pandemic h1n1. different animal models are used to develop therapeutic and preventive measures against such viruses, but it is not clear which are most suitable. therefore, this review compares animal models of sars and influenza, wit ... | 2014 | 24581932 |
| inhibition of human neutrophil elastase by pentacyclic triterpenes. | inhibiting human neutrophil elastase (hne) is a promising strategy for treating inflammatory lung diseases, such as h1n1 and sars virus infections. the use of sivelestat, the only clinically registered synthesized hne inhibitor, is largely limited by its risk of organ toxicity because it irreversibly inhibits hne. therefore, potent reversible hne inhibitors are promising alternatives to sivelestat. | 2013 | 24376583 |
| viral pathogens and acute lung injury: investigations inspired by the sars epidemic and the 2009 h1n1 influenza pandemic. | acute viral pneumonia is an important cause of acute lung injury (ali), although not enough is known about the exact incidence of viral infection in ali. polymerase chain reaction-based assays, direct fluorescent antigen (dfa) assays, and viral cultures can detect viruses in samples from the human respiratory tract, but the presence of the virus does not prove it to be a pathogen, nor does it give information regarding the interaction of viruses with the host immune response and bacterial flora ... | 2013 | 23934716 |
| rapid generation of human-like neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in urgent preparedness for influenza pandemics and virulent infectious diseases. | the outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as sars coronavirus, h5n1, h1n1, and recently h7n9 influenza viruses, have been associated with significant mortality and morbidity in humans. neutralizing antibodies from individuals who have recovered from an infection confer therapeutic protection to others infected with the same pathogen. however, survivors may not always be available for providing plasma or for the cloning of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). | 2013 | 23824680 |
| rapid generation of human-like neutralizing monoclonal antibodies in urgent preparedness for influenza pandemics and virulent infectious diseases. | the outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases caused by pathogens such as sars coronavirus, h5n1, h1n1, and recently h7n9 influenza viruses, have been associated with significant mortality and morbidity in humans. neutralizing antibodies from individuals who have recovered from an infection confer therapeutic protection to others infected with the same pathogen. however, survivors may not always be available for providing plasma or for the cloning of monoclonal antibodies (mabs). | 2013 | 23824680 |
| the role of c5a in acute lung injury induced by highly pathogenic viral infections. | the complement system, an important part of innate immunity, plays a critical role in pathogen clearance. unregulated complement activation is likely to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ali) induced by highly pathogenic virus including influenza a viruses h5n1, h7n9, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus. in highly pathogenic virus-induced acute lung diseases, high levels of chemotactic and anaphylatoxic c5a were produced as a result of excessive c ... | 2015 | 26060601 |
| transcriptome profiling of the virus-induced innate immune response in pteropus vampyrus and its attenuation by nipah virus interferon antagonist functions. | bats are important reservoirs for several viruses, many of which cause lethal infections in humans but have reduced pathogenicity in bats. as the innate immune response is critical for controlling viruses, the nature of this response in bats and how it may differ from that in other mammals are of great interest. using next-generation transcriptome sequencing (mrna-seq), we profiled the transcriptional response of pteropus vampyrus bat kidney (pvk) cells to newcastle disease virus (ndv), an avian ... | 2015 | 25972557 |
| one step closer to an experimental infection system for hepatitis b virus? --- the identification of sodium taurocholate cotransporting peptide as a viral receptor. | following the successful cloning of receptor for sars coronavirus a few years ago, dr. wenhui li and colleagues raised attention again by publishing a possible receptor for hepatitis b virus in elife. we will briefly review the significance of this finding and the future prospects of hepatitis b research. | 2013 | 23311606 |
| the antiviral activity of poly-γ-glutamic acid, a polypeptide secreted by bacillus sp., through induction of cd14-dependent type i interferon responses. | poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-pga) is an anionic polypeptide secreted by bacillus sp. that has been shown to activate immune cells through interactions with toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4). however, its ability to induce the type i interferon (ifn) response has not yet been characterized. here, we demonstrate that γ-pga induces type i ifn signaling pathway via the tlr4 signaling pathway. the induction required both myeloid differentiation factor 2 (md2) and the pattern-recognition receptor cd14, which are ... | 2013 | 24016850 |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus protein nsp1 is a novel eukaryotic translation inhibitor that represses multiple steps of translation initiation. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) binds to the 40s ribosomal subunit and inhibits translation, and it also induces a template-dependent endonucleolytic cleavage of host mrnas. nsp1 inhibits the translation of cap-dependent and internal ribosome entry site (ires)-driven mrnas, including sars coronavirus mrnas, hepatitis c virus (hcv), and cricket paralysis virus (crpv) ires-driven mrnas that are resistant to nsp1-induced rna cleavage. we used an n ... | 2012 | 23035226 |
| identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the sars coronavirus helicase, nsp13. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an infectious disease with a strong potential for transmission upon close personal contact and is caused by the sars-coronavirus (cov). however, there are no natural or synthetic compounds currently available that can inhibit sars-cov. we examined the inhibitory effects of 64 purified natural compounds against the activity of sars helicase, nsp13, and the hepatitis c virus (hcv) helicase, ns3h, by conducting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (fret ... | 2012 | 22578462 |
| metagenomic analysis of the ferret fecal viral flora. | ferrets are widely used as a small animal model for a number of viral infections, including influenza a virus and sars coronavirus. to further analyze the microbiological status of ferrets, their fecal viral flora was studied using a metagenomics approach. novel viruses from the families picorna-, papilloma-, and anelloviridae as well as known viruses from the families astro-, corona-, parvo-, and hepeviridae were identified in different ferret cohorts. ferret kobu- and hepatitis e virus were ma ... | 2013 | 23977082 |
| surveillance of bat coronaviruses in kenya identifies relatives of human coronaviruses nl63 and 229e and their recombination history. | bats harbor a large diversity of coronaviruses (covs), several of which are related to zoonotic pathogens that cause severe disease in humans. our screening of bat samples collected in kenya from 2007 to 2010 not only detected rna from several novel covs but, more significantly, identified sequences that were closely related to human covs nl63 and 229e, suggesting that these two human viruses originate from bats. we also demonstrated that human cov nl63 is a recombinant between nl63-like viruses ... | 2017 | 28077633 |
| screening of an fda-approved compound library identifies four small-molecule inhibitors of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus replication in cell culture. | coronaviruses can cause respiratory and enteric disease in a wide variety of human and animal hosts. the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) first demonstrated the potentially lethal consequences of zoonotic coronavirus infections in humans. in 2012, a similar previously unknown coronavirus emerged, middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov), thus far causing over 650 laboratory-confirmed infections, with an unexplained steep rise in the number of cases being r ... | 2014 | 24841269 |
| human coronavirus nl63 replication is cyclophilin a-dependent and inhibited by non-immunosuppressive cyclosporine a-derivatives including alisporivir. | until recently, there were no effective drugs available blocking coronavirus (cov) infection in humans and animals. we have shown before that csa and fk506 inhibit coronavirus replication (carbajo-lozoya, j., müller, m.a., kallies, s., thiel, v., drosten, c., von brunn, a. replication of human coronaviruses sars-cov, hcov-nl63 and hcov-229e is inhibited by the drug fk506. virus res. 2012; pfefferle, s., schöpf, j., kögl, m., friedel, c., müller, m.a., stellberger, t., von dall'armi, e., herzog, ... | 2014 | 24566223 |
| suppression of innate antiviral response by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus m protein is mediated through the first transmembrane domain. | coronaviruses have developed various measures to evade innate immunity. we have previously shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus m protein suppresses type i interferon (ifn) production by impeding the formation of functional traf3-containing complex. in this study, we demonstrate that the ifn-antagonizing activity is specific to sars coronavirus m protein and is mediated through its first transmembrane domain (tm1) located at the n terminus. m protein from human coronav ... | 2014 | 24509444 |
| comparative analysis of the activation of unfolded protein response by spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and human coronavirus hku1. | whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (sars-cov) is associated with severe disease, human coronavirus hku1 (hcov-hku1) commonly circulates in the human populations causing generally milder illness. spike (s) protein of sars-cov activates the unfolded protein response (upr). it is not understood whether hcov-hku1 s protein has similar activity. in addition, the upr-activating domain in sars-cov s protein remains to be identified. | 2014 | 24410900 |
| p53 down-regulates sars coronavirus replication and is targeted by the sars-unique domain and plpro via e3 ubiquitin ligase rchy1. | highly pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) has developed strategies to inhibit host immune recognition. we identify cellular e3 ubiquitin ligase ring-finger and chy zinc-finger domain-containing 1 (rchy1) as an interacting partner of the viral sars-unique domain (sud) and papain-like protease (pl(pro)), and, as a consequence, the involvement of cellular p53 as antagonist of coronaviral replication. residues 95-144 of rchy1 and 389-652 of sud (sud-nm) subdomains ar ... | 2016 | 27519799 |
| fatal outcome of human coronavirus nl63 infection despite successful viral elimination by ifn-alpha in a patient with newly diagnosed all. | human coronavirus nl63 (hcov-nl63) is one of four common human respiratory coronaviruses. despite high incidence, hcov infections are grossly understudied. we here report a case of hcov infection in a leukemia patient with fatal ards despite successful virus elimination by pegylated interferon-alpha (peg-ifn-α). | 2016 | 26854965 |
| x-ray structural and biological evaluation of a series of potent and highly selective inhibitors of human coronavirus papain-like proteases. | structure-guided design was used to generate a series of noncovalent inhibitors with nanomolar potency against the papain-like protease (plpro) from the sars coronavirus (cov). a number of inhibitors exhibit antiviral activity against sars-cov infected vero e6 cells and broadened specificity toward the homologous plp2 enzyme from the human coronavirus nl63. selectivity and cytotoxicity studies established a more than 100-fold preference for the coronaviral enzyme over homologous human deubiquiti ... | 2014 | 24568342 |
| from sars coronavirus to novel animal and human coronaviruses. | in 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) caused one of the most devastating epidemics known to the developed world. there were two important lessons from this epidemic. firstly, coronaviruses, in addition to influenza viruses, can cause severe and rapidly spreading human infections. secondly, bats can serve as the origin and natural animal reservoir of deadly human viruses. since then, researchers around the world, especially those in asia where sars-cov was first identi ... | 2013 | 23977429 |
| a hexapeptide of the receptor-binding domain of sars corona virus spike protein blocks viral entry into host cells via the human receptor ace2. | in vitro infection of vero e6 cells by sars coronavirus (sars-cov) is blocked by hexapeptide tyr-lys-tyr-arg-tyr-leu. the peptide also inhibits proliferation of coronavirus nl63. on human cells both viruses utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) as entry receptor. blocking the viral entry is specific as alpha virus sindbis shows no reduction in infectivity. peptide (438)ykyryl(443) is part of the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of the spike protein of sars-cov. peptide libraries were scree ... | 2012 | 22265858 |
| antibody-dependent sars coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) still carries the potential for reemergence, therefore efforts are being made to create a vaccine as a prophylactic strategy for control and prevention. antibody-dependent enhancement (ade) is a mechanism through which dengue viruses, feline coronaviruses, and hiv viruses take advantage of anti-viral humoral immune responses to infect host target cells. here we describe our observations of sars-cov using ade to enhance the infectivity ... | 2014 | 25073113 |
| [anti-virus research of triterpenoids in licorice]. | licorice is a leguminous plant of glycyrrhiza. it is a traditional chinese herbal medicine. triterpenoid is one of the mainly active components of licorice. in recent years, the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of many triterpenoids in licorice was confirmed, and these findings have become a hot spot of antiviral immunity. the triterpenoids of licorice has the potential to become a novel broad-spectrum antiviral medicine and will be widely used in the clinical treatment. this review provided a ... | 2013 | 24520776 |
| novel inhibitors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry that act by three distinct mechanisms. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is an infectious and highly contagious disease that is caused by sars coronavirus (sars-cov) and for which there are currently no approved treatments. we report the discovery and characterization of small-molecule inhibitors of sars-cov replication that block viral entry by three different mechanisms. the compounds were discovered by screening a chemical library of compounds for blocking of entry of hiv-1 pseudotyped with sars-cov surface glycoprotein s ( ... | 2013 | 23678171 |
| a combination of epitope prediction and molecular docking allows for good identification of mhc class i restricted t-cell epitopes. | in silico identification of t-cell epitopes is emerging as a new methodology for the study of epitope-based vaccines against viruses and cancer. in order to improve accuracy of prediction, we designed a novel approach, using epitope prediction methods in combination with molecular docking techniques, to identify mhc class i restricted t-cell epitopes. analysis of the hiv-1 p24 protein and influenza virus matrix protein revealed that the present approach is effective, yielding prediction accuracy ... | 2013 | 23666426 |
| infectious bronchitis coronavirus limits interferon production by inducing a host shutoff that requires accessory protein 5b. | during infection of their host cells, viruses often inhibit the production of host proteins, a process that is referred to as host shutoff. by doing this, viruses limit the production of antiviral proteins and increase production capacity for viral proteins. coronaviruses from the genera alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), establish host shutoff via their nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1). the gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus ... | 2016 | 27279618 |
| the proteome of the infectious bronchitis virus beau-r virion. | infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious respiratory disease of poultry caused by the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (ibv). it was thought that coronavirus virions were composed of three major viral structural proteins until investigations of other coronaviruses showed that the virions also include viral non-structural and genus-specific accessory proteins as well as host-cell proteins. to study the proteome of ibv virions, virus was grown in embryonated chicken eggs, purified by su ... | 2015 | 27257648 |
| binding of the 5'-untranslated region of coronavirus rna to zinc finger cchc-type and rna-binding motif 1 enhances viral replication and transcription. | coronaviruses rna synthesis occurs in the cytoplasm and is regulated by host cell proteins. in a screen based on a yeast three-hybrid system using the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) rna as bait against a human cdna library derived from hela cells, we found a positive candidate cellular protein, zinc finger cchc-type and rna-binding motif 1 (madp1), to be able to interact with this region of the sars-cov genome. this interaction was subsequently confirmed in corona ... | 2012 | 22362731 |
| identification of common biological pathways and drug targets across multiple respiratory viruses based on human host gene expression analysis. | pandemic and seasonal respiratory viruses are a major global health concern. given the genetic diversity of respiratory viruses and the emergence of drug resistant strains, the targeted disruption of human host-virus interactions is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating multi-viral infections. the availability of large-scale genomic datasets focused on host-pathogen interactions can be used to discover novel drug targets as well as potential opportunities for drug repositioning. | 2012 | 22432004 |
| feature selection methods for identifying genetic determinants of host species in rna viruses. | despite environmental, social and ecological dependencies, emergence of zoonotic viruses in human populations is clearly also affected by genetic factors which determine cross-species transmission potential. rna viruses pose an interesting case study given their mutation rates are orders of magnitude higher than any other pathogen--as reflected by the recent emergence of sars and influenza for example. here, we show how feature selection techniques can be used to reliably classify viral sequence ... | 2013 | 24130470 |
| vhl negatively regulates sars coronavirus replication by modulating nsp16 ubiquitination and stability. | eukaryotic cellular and most viral rnas carry a 5'-terminal cap structure, a 5'-5' triphosphate linkage between the 5' end of the rna and a guanosine nucleotide (cap-0). sars coronavirus (sars-cov) nonstructural protein nsp16 functions as a methyltransferase, to methylate mrna cap-0 structure at the ribose 2'-o position of the first nucleotide to form cap-1 structures. however, whether there is interplay between nsp16 and host proteins was not yet clear. in this report, we identified several pot ... | 2015 | 25732088 |
| yeast-based assays for the high-throughput screening of inhibitors of coronavirus rna cap guanine-n7-methyltransferase. | the 5'-cap structure is a distinct feature of eukaryotic mrnas and is important for rna stability and protein translation by providing a molecular signature for the distinction of self or non-self mrna. eukaryotic viruses generally modify the 5'-end of their rnas to mimic the cellular mrna structure, thereby facilitating viral replication in host cells. however, the molecular organization and biochemical mechanisms of the viral capping apparatus typically differ from its cellular counterpart, wh ... | 2014 | 24530452 |
| yeast-expressed recombinant protein of the receptor-binding domain in sars-cov spike protein with deglycosylated forms as a sars vaccine candidate. | development of vaccines for preventing a future pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) caused by sars coronavirus (sars-cov) and for biodefense preparedness is urgently needed. our previous studies have shown that a candidate sars vaccine antigen consisting of the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of sars-cov spike protein can induce potent neutralizing antibody responses and protection against sars-cov challenge in vaccinated animals. to optimize expression conditions for scale-up pro ... | 2014 | 24355931 |
| regulation of programmed ribosomal frameshifting by co-translational refolding rna hairpins. | rna structures are unwound for decoding. in the process, they can pause the elongating ribosome for regulation. an example is the stimulation of -1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting, leading to 3' direction slippage of the reading-frame during elongation, by specific pseudoknot stimulators downstream of the frameshifting site. by investigating a recently identified regulatory element upstream of the sars coronavirus (sars-cov) -1 frameshifting site, it is shown that a minimal functional element ... | 2013 | 23638024 |
| ezrin interacts with the sars coronavirus spike protein and restrains infection at the entry stage. | entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) and its envelope fusion with host cell membrane are controlled by a series of complex molecular mechanisms, largely dependent on the viral envelope glycoprotein spike (s). there are still many unknowns on the implication of cellular factors that regulate the entry process. | 2012 | 23185364 |
| complete protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-mediated lethal respiratory disease in aged mice by immunization with a mouse-adapted virus lacking e protein. | zoonotic coronaviruses, including the one that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars), cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans. no specific therapy for any human coronavirus is available, making vaccine development critical for protection against these viruses. we previously showed that recombinant sars coronavirus (sars-cov) (urbani strain based) lacking envelope (e) protein expression (ru-δe) provided good but not perfect protection in young mice against challenge with vir ... | 2013 | 23576515 |
| the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid inhibits type i interferon production by interfering with trim25-mediated rig-i ubiquitination. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a respiratory disease, caused by a coronavirus (sars-cov), that is characterized by atypical pneumonia. the nucleocapsid protein (n protein) of sars-cov plays an important role in inhibition of type i interferon (ifn) production via an unknown mechanism. in this study, the sars-cov n protein was found to bind to the spry domain of the tripartite motif protein 25 (trim25) e3 ubiquitin ligase, thereby interfering with the association between trim25 and r ... | 2017 | 28148787 |
| detection of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and alphacoronavirus in the bat population of taiwan. | bats have been demonstrated to be natural reservoirs of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) cov. faecal samples from 248 individuals of 20 bat species were tested for partial rna-dependent rna polymerase gene of cov and 57 faecal samples from eight bat species were tested positive. the highest detection rate of 44% for scotophilus kuhlii, followed by 30% for rhinolophus monoceros. significantly higher detection rates of coronaviral ... | 2016 | 27178103 |
| effects of toll-like receptor stimulation on eosinophilic infiltration in lungs of balb/c mice immunized with uv-inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus vaccine. | severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) is an emerging pathogen that causes severe respiratory illness. whole uv-inactivated sars-cov (uv-v), bearing multiple epitopes and proteins, is a candidate vaccine against this virus. however, whole inactivated sars vaccine that includes nucleocapsid protein is reported to induce eosinophilic infiltration in mouse lungs after challenge with live sars-cov. in this study, an ability of toll-like receptor (tlr) agonists to reduce the ... | 2014 | 24850731 |
| serological evidence of toxoplasma gondii infection in five species of bats in china. | toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that can infect almost all warm-blooded animals and humans with a worldwide distribution. bats are reservoirs for an increasing number of emerging zoonotic viruses, such as henipaviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). however, little is known of t. gondii infection in bats. the objective of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of t. gondii infection in bats in china. a total of 217 s ... | 2013 | 23473226 |
| synthesis and biological activity evaluation of 5-pyrazoline substituted 4-thiazolidinones. | a series of novel 5-pyrazoline substituted 4-thiazolidinones have been synthesized. target compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity in vitro within dtp nci protocol. among the tested compounds, the derivatives 4d and 4f were found to be the most active, which demonstrated certain sensitivity profile toward the leukemia subpanel cell lines with gi₅₀ value ranges of 2.12-4.58 μm (4d) and 1.64-3.20 μm (4f). the screening of antitrypanosomal and antiviral activities of 5-(3-naphthalen- ... | 2013 | 23811085 |
| kinetic, mutational, and structural studies of the venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nonstructural protein 2 cysteine protease. | the venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) cysteine protease (ec 3.4.22.-) is essential for viral replication and is involved in the cytopathic effects (cpe) of the virus. the veev nsp2 protease is a member of merops clan cn and characteristically contains a papain-like protease linked to an s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent rna methyltransferase (sam mtase) domain. the protease contains an alternative active site motif, (475)nvcwak(480), which differs from pa ... | 2016 | 27030368 |
| chinese hamster ovary cell lines selected for resistance to ebolavirus glycoprotein mediated infection are defective for npc1 expression. | ebolavirus causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. entry of ebolavirus is mediated by the viral glycoprotein, gp; however, the required host factors have not been fully elucidated. a screen utilizing a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) encoding zaire ebolavirus gp identified four chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines resistant to gp-mediated viral entry. susceptibility to vectors carrying sars coronavirus s or vsv-g glycoproteins suggests that endocytic and ... | 2012 | 22726751 |
| chinese hamster ovary cell lines selected for resistance to ebolavirus glycoprotein mediated infection are defective for npc1 expression. | ebolavirus causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. entry of ebolavirus is mediated by the viral glycoprotein, gp; however, the required host factors have not been fully elucidated. a screen utilizing a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) encoding zaire ebolavirus gp identified four chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines resistant to gp-mediated viral entry. susceptibility to vectors carrying sars coronavirus s or vsv-g glycoproteins suggests that endocytic and ... | 2012 | 22726751 |
| coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis. | coronaviruses (covs), enveloped positive-sense rna viruses, are characterized by club-like spikes that project from their surface, an unusually large rna genome, and a unique replication strategy. coronaviruses cause a variety of diseases in mammals and birds ranging from enteritis in cows and pigs and upper respiratory disease in chickens to potentially lethal human respiratory infections. here we provide a brief introduction to coronaviruses discussing their replication and pathogenicity, and ... | 2015 | 25720466 |
| is the discovery of the novel human betacoronavirus 2c emc/2012 (hcov-emc) the beginning of another sars-like pandemic? | fouchier et al. reported the isolation and genome sequencing of a novel coronavirus tentatively named "human betacoronavirus 2c emc/2012 (hcov-emc)" from a saudi patient presenting with pneumonia and renal failure in june 2012. genome sequencing showed that this virus belongs to the group c species of the genus betacoronavirus and phylogenetically related to the bat coronaviruses hku4 and hku5 previously found in lesser bamboo bat and japanese pipistrelle bat of hong kong respectively. another p ... | 2012 | 23072791 |
| is the discovery of the novel human betacoronavirus 2c emc/2012 (hcov-emc) the beginning of another sars-like pandemic? | fouchier et al. reported the isolation and genome sequencing of a novel coronavirus tentatively named "human betacoronavirus 2c emc/2012 (hcov-emc)" from a saudi patient presenting with pneumonia and renal failure in june 2012. genome sequencing showed that this virus belongs to the group c species of the genus betacoronavirus and phylogenetically related to the bat coronaviruses hku4 and hku5 previously found in lesser bamboo bat and japanese pipistrelle bat of hong kong respectively. another p ... | 2012 | 23072791 |
| sars and mers: recent insights into emerging coronaviruses. | the emergence of middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) in 2012 marked the second introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population in the twenty-first century. the continuing introductions of mers-cov from dromedary camels, the subsequent travel-related viral spread, the unprecedented nosocomial outbreaks and the high case-fatality rates highlight the need for prophylactic and therapeutic measures. scientific advancements since the 2002-2003 severe acute ... | 2016 | 27344959 |
| mers-cov infection of alpaca in a region where mers-cov is endemic. | | 2016 | 27070501 |
| a mouse model for mers coronavirus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. | middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (mers-cov) is a novel virus that emerged in 2012, causing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), severe pneumonia-like symptoms and multi-organ failure, with a case fatality rate of ∼36%. limited clinical studies indicate that humans infected with mers-cov exhibit pathology consistent with the late stages of ards, which is reminiscent of the disease observed in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. models of mers-c ... | 2016 | 27892925 |
| detection of coronavirus genomes in moluccan naked-backed fruit bats in indonesia. | bats have been shown to serve as natural reservoirs for numerous emerging viruses including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov). in the present study, we report the discovery of bat cov genes in indonesian moluccan naked-backed fruit bats (dobsonia moluccensis). a partial rna-dependent rna polymerase gene sequence was detected in feces and tissues samples from the fruit bats, and the region between the rdrp and helicase genes could also be amplified from fecal samples. phylo ... | 2015 | 25643817 |
| metagenomic study of the viruses of african straw-coloured fruit bats: detection of a chiropteran poxvirus and isolation of a novel adenovirus. | viral emergence as a result of zoonotic transmission constitutes a continuous public health threat. emerging viruses such as sars coronavirus, hantaviruses and henipaviruses have wildlife reservoirs. characterising the viruses of candidate reservoir species in geographical hot spots for viral emergence is a sensible approach to develop tools to predict, prevent, or contain emergence events. here, we explore the viruses of eidolon helvum, an old world fruit bat species widely distributed in afric ... | 2013 | 23562481 |
| metagenomic study of the viruses of african straw-coloured fruit bats: detection of a chiropteran poxvirus and isolation of a novel adenovirus. | viral emergence as a result of zoonotic transmission constitutes a continuous public health threat. emerging viruses such as sars coronavirus, hantaviruses and henipaviruses have wildlife reservoirs. characterising the viruses of candidate reservoir species in geographical hot spots for viral emergence is a sensible approach to develop tools to predict, prevent, or contain emergence events. here, we explore the viruses of eidolon helvum, an old world fruit bat species widely distributed in afric ... | 2013 | 23562481 |
| identification of a lineage d betacoronavirus in cave nectar bats (eonycteris spelaea) in singapore and an overview of lineage d reservoir ecology in se asian bats. | coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses that infect mammals and birds. bats are reservoirs for several different coronaviruses in the alphacoronavirus and betacoronavirus genera. they also appear to be the natural reservoir for the ancestral viruses that generated the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks. here, we detected coronavirus sequences in next-generation sequence data created from eonycteris spelaea faeces and urin ... | 2016 | 27637887 |
| characterization of a novel betacoronavirus related to middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus in european hedgehogs. | bats are known to host viruses closely related to important human coronaviruses (hcovs), such as hcov-229e, severe-acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), and middle east respiratory syndrome cov (mers-cov). as rna viruses may coevolve with their hosts, we sought to investigate the closest sister taxon to bats, the eulipotyphla, and screened european hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus) from germany for cov by nested reverse transcriptase pcr. a novel betacoronavirus species in a phylogene ... | 2014 | 24131722 |
| sars-cov fusion peptides induce membrane surface ordering and curvature. | viral membrane fusion is an orchestrated process triggered by membrane-anchored viral fusion glycoproteins. the s2 subunit of the spike glycoprotein from severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) coronavirus (cov) contains internal domains called fusion peptides (fp) that play essential roles in virus entry. although membrane fusion has been broadly studied, there are still major gaps in the molecular details of lipid rearrangements in the bilayer during fusion peptide-membrane interactions. here ... | 2016 | 27892522 |