| suitability of pcr fingerprinting, infrequent-restriction-site pcr, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, combined with computerized gel analysis, in library typing of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | strains of salmonella enterica (n = 212) of different serovars and phage types were used to establish a library typing computerized system for serovar enteritidis on the basis of pcr fingerprinting, infrequent-restriction-site pcr (irs-pcr), or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). the rate of pcr fingerprinting interassay and intercenter reproducibility was low and was only increased when dna samples were extracted at the same time and amplified with the same reaction mixtures. reproducibili ... | 2000 | 11097902 |
| differential cytokine expression in avian cells in response to invasion by salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis and salmonella gallinarum. | salmonella enterica is a facultative intracellular pathogen that is capable of causing disease in a range of hosts. although human salmonellosis is frequently associated with consumption of contaminated poultry and eggs, and the serotypes salmonella gallinarum and salmonella pullorum are important world-wide pathogens of poultry, little is understood of the mechanisms of pathogenesis of salmonella in the chicken. type iii secretion systems play a key role in host cell invasiveness and trigger th ... | 2000 | 11101679 |
| invasiveness in chickens, stress resistance and rpos status of wild-type salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium definitive type 104 and serovar enteritidis phage type 4 strains. | the heat and acid resistance and the ability to survive airdrying on commonly used kitchen surfaces were assessed for clinical and environmental strains of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar typhimurium, definitive type (dt) 104. three out of thirty-eight strains of dt 104 were found to be more sensitive in stationary phase to the stresses examined than the other strains. this compares to a previous study by the authors which showed that seven out of forty serovar enteritidis phage type ... | 2000 | 11101680 |
| antibiotic resistance in salmonellae isolated from humans and animals in france: comparative data from 1994 and 1997. | among 25526 recorded isolates of salmonellae, 5086 isolated from humans and 20440 from animals in 1994 and 1997 in france, the antibiotic resistance phenotype was determined for all human and 5336 animal isolates. in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, one of the two most frequently isolated serovars from humans as well as animals, resistance to ampicillin was observed in 61% of both human and animal isolates in 1994 and in 73% of human and 53% of animal isolates in 1997. during these perio ... | 2000 | 11102416 |
| macrophage recruitment and activation: a model for comparing resistance to salmonella enteritidis in different broiler breeds. | a model for comparing resistance to salmonella enteritidis was evaluated in different broiler breeds. the recruitment and phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages were assessed in three different broiler breeds (a, b and c) which are farmed world-wide. assessment was performed after three days of intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 3% sephadex g-200 (10 ml), initiated at twenty-one days of age, followed by contact with i.p. live s. enteritidis (10 ml, 1.2 x 10(8) colony forming units/m ... | 2000 | 11107626 |
| thin aggregative fimbriae on urinary escherichia coli isolates. | | 2000 | 11109109 |
| gis-supported investigation of a nosocomial salmonella outbreak. | within an outbreak at a university hospital 102 persons (44 patients, 26 nursery school children and one relative as well as 31 employees) have been diagnosed to be infected by salmonella enteritidis. ninety-nine persons complied with the "primary case"-definition. the source of infection could not be detected in retrospect by hygienic-microbiological methods due to missing food samples. but gis (geographical information system)-supported epidemiological investigation and analysis of food produc ... | 2000 | 11109563 |
| [drug sensitivity, conjugative r plasmids and plasmid profiles of salmonella isolated from humans with infectious enteritis]. | using 92 salmonella strains isolated from patients suspected of having infectious diseases of the intestinal tract who visited 13 hospitals in japan during the six years between 1991 and 1996, we investigated the drug susceptibility, prevalence of conjugative r plasmid, and the plasmid profiles. 1) of the bacterial isolates tested, 52.2% showed drug-resistance. regarding the drug-resistance patterns, 70.8% of the isolates were resistant to a single drug, while 29.2% were multi drug-resistant. 2) ... | 2000 | 11109763 |
| evaluation of a serological salmonella mix-elisa for poultry used in a national surveillance programme. | a mix-elisa using lipopolysaccharide antigens from salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and typhimurium was evaluated using samples collected over time in the danish salmonella surveillance programme for poultry. serological samples (n = 42,813) taken from broiler-breeder flocks after a year of bacteriological monitoring with negative results were used for calculating the flock and individual test specificities, which were 0.997 and 0.999, respectively. layer flocks from the table egg sector ... | 2000 | 11117948 |
| salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium elicits cross-immunity against a salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis strain expressing lp fimbriae from the lac promoter. | the biological significance of fimbrial phase variation in salmonella serotypes is currently unknown. exposure to long polar (lp) fimbriae of salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium results in selection against lpf phase on cells of serotype enteritidis during a subsequent challenge, suggesting that fimbrial phase variation may be a mechanism to evade cross-immunity between salmonella serotypes. this notion was tested by assessing the effect of an immune response against serotype typhimurium lp ... | 2001 | 11119507 |
| non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia without gastroenteritis: a marker of underlying immunosuppression. review of cases at st. thomas' hospital 1970-1999. | to classify non-typhoidal salmonella bacteraemia according to clinical presentation, and to study how this correlates with the presence of underlying immunosuppression. | 2000 | 11120615 |
| induction of early immunopotentiation to fimbriae of salmonella enteritidis (se) by administering thymulin and zinc to se-vaccinated chicken breeders: relationship to protection. | the purpose of this study is to attempt the induction of early immunopotentiation of antibodies specific to fimbriae of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se), by administering thymulin and zinc to se-vaccinated chicken breeders, and the improvement of protection against a controlled-live challenge by se. the first two groups of breeders were administered subcutaneously at 15 and 19 weeks of age a killed se vaccine. breeders of the third and fourth groups were left unvaccinated. breeders o ... | 2000 | 11129855 |
| prevalence and dissemination of salmonella serotypes along the slaughtering process in brazilian small poultry slaughterhouses. | salmonella is the leading cause of human foodborne infections in latin america, and poultry meat is one of the main vehicles. small poultry slaughterhouses (fewer than 200 birds slaughtered per day) represent an important economic activity in certain regions. the slaughtering process in these abattoirs is manual and rudimentary, and frequently the hygienic conditions are poor. this study reports results of a detailed evaluation of the prevalence of salmonella serotypes in carcasses, utensils, an ... | 2000 | 11131902 |
| development and optimization of a novel immunomagnetic separation- bacteriophage assay for detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in broth. | salmonella is the second-leading cause of food-borne illness in most developed countries, causing diarrhea, cramps, vomiting, and often fever. many rapid methods are available for detection of salmonella in foods, but these methods are often insensitive or expensive or require a high degree of technical ability to perform. in this paper we describe development and characterization of a novel assay that utilizes the normal infection cycle of bacteriophage sj2 for detection of salmonella enterica ... | 2001 | 11133448 |
| inactivation of gram-negative bacteria by lysozyme, denatured lysozyme, and lysozyme-derived peptides under high hydrostatic pressure. | we have studied the inactivation of six gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas fluorescens, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, and shigella flexneri) by high hydrostatic pressure treatment in the presence of hen egg-white lysozyme, partially or completely denatured lysozyme, or a synthetic cationic peptide derived from either hen egg white or coliphage t4 lysozyme. none of these compounds had a bactericidal or bacteriostatic effect on ... | 2001 | 11133464 |
| application of rapid dot blot immunoassay for detection of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis in eggs, poultry, and other foods. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was detected in artificially inoculated eggs within 24 h through a rapid monoclonal antibody-based dot blot immunoassay. detection in poultry and other products required 28 h. samples were directly enriched in homogenized egg without the need for pre- or postenrichment steps. serovar enteritidis was detected in the presence of other bacteria when outcompeted 1:400. | 2001 | 11133480 |
| serial outbreaks of food-borne disease in blumenau, brazil, caused by salmonella enteritidis. | this work describes the epidemic profile of outbreaks of food infection caused by salmonella enteritidis, serogroup d, in the city of blumenau, federal state of santa catarina, brazil, during the period between february, 1994, and june, 1997. ninety-six outbreaks were observed, and 79 (82%) were investigated, involving 7,802 people with signs and symptoms consistent with the infection. most frequent symptoms were diarrhea (92%), abdominal pain (73%), fever (70%), vomiting (49%) and nausea (45%). ... | 2000 | 11136523 |
| diversity of strains of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis from english poultry farms assessed by multiple genetic fingerprinting. | reliable and sufficiently discriminative methods are needed for differentiating individual strains of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis beyond the phenotypic level; however, a consensus has not been reached as to which molecular method is best suited for this purpose. in addition, data are lacking on the molecular fingerprinting of serotype enteritidis from poultry environments in the united kingdom. this study evaluated the combined use of classical methods (phage typing) with three well ... | 2001 | 11136764 |
| fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism subtyping of the salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4 clone complex. | fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism (faflp) analysis, a high-resolution pcr-based genome fingerprinting method, was used to subtype salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis phage type 4. this single phage type is responsible for the majority of salmonellosis in europe. twenty strains isolated from nine outbreaks, five isolates from sporadic cases of human infection, four strains of poultry origin, and one laboratory-derived strain were comparatively studied by pulsed-field gel elec ... | 2001 | 11136771 |
| [epidemiologic study and cost analysis of an slamonella enteritidis epidemic]. | salmonellosis is one of the most common forms of foodborne infection. an outbreak of gastroenteritidis associated with a wedding party was investigated, even to value the costs falling on individuals, the health services and society as a whole. one hundred and fifty nine wedding guests were interviewed by phone. multivariate analysis was used to assess which food were significantly associated with infection. one hundred and thirteen cases were identified; ten stool samples were culture positive ... | 2000 | 11140094 |
| [microbiological monitoring of beach water: old and new parameters]. | the survival of fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, salmonella enteritidis and staphylococcus aureus in sea water (35@1000 salinity) in the dark and at room temperature was evaluated. staphylococcus aureus has been regarded for a long time as the new parameter to add to the classic ones in order to define the quality and suitability to recreational use. at the sperimental condition considered the survival of fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, salmonella enteritidis, and staphylococcus aureus ... | 2000 | 11140097 |
| [70-year-old male with a left laterocervical tumor and fever]. | | 2000 | 11149172 |
| salmonella enteritidis brain abscess: case report and review. | intracranial infections are unusual manifestations of salmonellosis. even with adequate medical and surgical interventions these infections are often associated with significant morbidity and mortality. we report a case of brain abscess caused by salmonella enteritidis associated with a brain neoplasm and review previous reports in the literature. | 2000 | 11154812 |
| salmonella enteritidis infection in total knee replacement. | | 2001 | 11157155 |
| plasmid-mediated and inducible cephalosporinase dha-2 from klebsiella pneumoniae. | a klebsiella pneumoniae strain resistant to cefoxitin and oxyimino-cephalosporins was cultured from a child hospitalized in paris, france, in 1992. this isolate harboured a beta-lactamase gene located on an approximately 200 kb non-self-transferable plasmid. the beta-lactamase identified, dha-2, shared 99% amino acid identity with the ampc enzyme of morganella morganii. dha-2 was a point-mutant derivative of dha-1 identified previously in a salmonella enteritidis isolate. dha-2 expression was in ... | 2001 | 11157909 |
| egg contamination by salmonella serovar enteritidis following vaccination with delta-aroa salmonella serovar typhimurium. | the efficacy of an aroa salmonella serovar typhimurium modified live vaccine to decrease internal egg contamination after oral challenge of hens with egg-contaminating salmonella serovar enteritidis was assessed. challenge was with a mixed phenotype of s. enteritidis that had virulence characteristics previously associated with enhanced oral invasiveness and egg contamination in chickens. immunized birds had fewer positive ovary/oviduct pools and lower cfu g(-1) cecal contents than did non-immun ... | 2001 | 11166998 |
| phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella enteritidis strains isolated in istanbul, turkey. | to examine 13 salmonella typhimurium and 22 s. enteritidis strains isolated from individual cases of gastroenteritis for their phage types, antibiotic susceptibilities and plasmid profiles. | 2000 | 11168062 |
| high rate of resistance to nalidixic acid in salmonella enterica: its role as a marker of resistance to fluoroquinolones. | | 2000 | 11168127 |
| bacterial food-borne zoonoses. | in many countries of the world, bacterial food-borne zoonotic infections are the most common cause of human intestinal disease. salmonella and campylobacter account for over 90% of all reported cases of bacteria-related food poisoning world-wide. poultry and poultry products have been incriminated in the majority of traceable food-borne illnesses caused by these bacteria, although all domestic livestock are reservoirs of infection. in contrast to the enzootic nature of most salmonella and campyl ... | 2000 | 11189717 |
| [salmonella aortic valve endocarditis presenting with rupture of a femoral artery mycotic aneurysm]. | the incidence of salmonella enteritidis infections has greatly increased over the last few years. cardiovascular are amongst the most severe extra-digestive complications. the authors report a case of salmonella enteritidis presenting with rupture of a femoral artery mycotic aneurysm in a chronic alcoholic patient. salmonella enteritidis was isolated from blood cultures and the operation specimen after the obligatory limb amputation. the outcome was finally favourable after appropriate antibioti ... | 2000 | 11190463 |
| molecular analysis of salmonella enteritidis isolates from the caribbean by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), between 1987 and 1996 we analyzed salmonella enteritidis isolates from gastroenteritis cases in four caribbean countries: barbados, saint kitts and nevis, saint lucia, and trinidad and tobago. we also determined the resistance of the isolates to 12 antimicrobial agents. of the 129 isolates of s. enteritidis available for testing, dna digested by xbai revealed 13 distinctive pfge patterns. the most prevalent xbai pfge patterns were group 1 (88 of 129 ... | 2000 | 11190971 |
| bactericidal effects of negative air ions on airborne and surface salmonella enteritidis from an artificially generated aerosol. | the bactericidal effect of high levels of negative ions was studied using a custom-built electrostatic space charge device. to investigate whether the ion-enriched air exerted a bactericidal effect, an aerosol containing salmonella enteritidis (se) was pumped into a sealed plastic chamber. plates of xlt4 agar were attached to the walls, top, and bottom of the chamber and exposed to the aerosol for 3 h with and without the ionizer treatment. the plates were then removed from the chamber, incubate ... | 2001 | 11198431 |
| sequence analysis and distribution in salmonella enterica serovars of is3-like elements. | the genome of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was shown to possess three is3-like insertion elements, designated is1230a, b and c, and each was cloned and their respective deoxynucleotide sequences determined. mutations in elements is1230a and b resulted in frameshifts in the open reading frames that encoded a putative transposase to be inactive. is1230c was truncated at nucleotide 774 relative to is1230b and therefore did not possess the 3' terminal inverted repeat. the three is1230 der ... | 2000 | 11200543 |
| [salmonella serotypes identified in mexican health services]. | to identify the different salmonella strain serotypes isolated at public and private laboratories in mexico and at the institute for epidemiologic diagnosis and referral (indre). | 2000 | 11201576 |
| rhabdomyolysis and salmonella enteritidis infection. | | 2000 | 11205642 |
| salmonella serotypes isolated from turkey meat in albania. | eleven (11) salmonella strains were recovered from 11 (8.2%) out of 134 turkey meat samples in albania, for the period of time 1996-1998. the percentage of salmonella positive turkey meat samples varied with 5% in 1996 (3 out of 60), 14.7% in 1997 (5 out of 34) and 7.5% in 1998 (3 out of 40). the isolated strains were found to belong to 3 different salmonella serogroups; 6 isolates to serogroup b, 4 isolates to serogroup d and 1 isolate to serogroup c. five (5) different serotypes were encounter ... | 2001 | 11205948 |
| [effect of actoflor preparations on survival of escherichia coli m-17 and salmonella enteritidis under starvation conditions in mixed cultures]. | the viability of e. coli m-17 and s. enteritidis under starvation conditions in mono- and mixed cultures was studied. e. coli m-17 showed greater capacity for survival in mixed cultures than in monocultures, while for s. enteritidis the contrary was true. preparations "actoflor" enhanced the antagonistic activity of e. coli m-17, ensuring its absolute selective advantage under starvation conditions in mixed cultures. the role of e. coli m-17 low-molecular exometabolites is discussed; they are pr ... | 2000 | 11210643 |
| expression of type 1 fimbriae (sef 21) of salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis in the early colonisation of the rat intestine. | the involvement of type 1 fimbriae in colonisation of the rat gastrointestinal tract in vivo was investigated with salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis la5 and a mutant of la5 denoted eav3 unable to elaborate type 1 fimbriae (sef 21). rats were given a single dose of la5 or eav3 or a 1:1 mixture of both. la5 was found in higher numbers in the stomach and small intestine than eav3 at 6 h after infection with a single strain, but not after 6 days. la5 did not out-compete eav3 when the strains ... | 2001 | 11211228 |
| an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis linked to baked goods from a local bakery in lower mainland, british columbia. | | 2000 | 11211702 |
| [salmonella infection with endophthalmitis and arthritis]. | | 2000 | 11215133 |
| food irradiation: let's do it. | | 2000 | 11216199 |
| auditor general slams feds' response to salmonella outbreak. | | 2000 | 11216209 |
| the role of outbreaks in developing food safety policy: population based surveillance of salmonella outbreaks in wales 1986-98. | in developing public policy on food safety, systematic identification and thorough investigation of all general outbreaks is necessary in order to avoid bias towards highly publicised outbreaks. in wales, from 1986 to 1998, 87 general foodborne outbreaks of salmonellosis were identified. most outbreaks occurred at functions or were associated with small catering outlets such as bakeries and sandwich bars. in 50 outbreaks, a vehicle of infection was confirmed microbiologically and/or epidemiologi ... | 2000 | 11218196 |
| antimicrobial resistance in salmonellae from humans, food and animals in spain in 1998. | we studied 1710 salmonella: spp. isolates from human (1051), food (421) and animal (238) sources. they were tested by the disc diffusion method for susceptibility to 12 different antimicrobial agents. the incidence of resistance and multiple resistance (mr) among the salmonella strains of different origins, the relationship between their most frequent serotypes and phage types (pts) and their antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined. in general, the incidence of resistance and mr was si ... | 2001 | 11222564 |
| salmonella enteritidis meningitis in an infant. | | 2001 | 11224593 |
| [pleural effusion infected with salmonella enteridis]. | the authors describe the case of a 49 year-old caucasian male with left pleural effusion. the etiology of the effusion was exsudative with a preponderance of neutrophils. ten days after admission and on empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient still had fever and the pleural effusion that became purulent. the thoracic echography and computerized tomography showed a subcapsular splenic abcess. the diagnosis was established by the culture of the pleural effusion and the isolation of salmonella en ... | 2000 | 11234500 |
| direct viable count as test for toxicity assessment: the effects of four metals on a salmonella enteritidis strain. | the toxicity of synthetic sewage containing increasing concentrations of arsenic (.125, .25, .5, 1.0 mg l-1), cadmium (.02, .05, .1, .2 mg l-1), lead (.2, .5, 1.0, 2.0 mg l-1) and nickel (.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 mg l-1) has been investigated by determining the total direct count (tdc) and the direct viable count (dvc) of salmonella enteritidis by means of an immunofluorescence technique (ifa). this has been done in order to evaluate the possibility of using the ifa technique to estimate the toxicity o ... | 2000 | 11235502 |
| effect of metal mixtures on salmonella enteritidis viability in synthetic sewage. | we sought to determine the effect of 26 multiple metals solutions, containing cd, pb, as and/or ni, on the viability of salmonella enteritidis. we used the direct viable count effected by immunofluorescence technique (ifa-dvc) in comparison with the culturable cell count. the metals concentrations were prepared considering the single as well as the overall limits provided by italian regulation on the water pollution. the mixtures containing nickel showed always toxicity more elevated than other ... | 2000 | 11235503 |
| modulation of functional activities of chicken heterophils by recombinant chicken ifn-gamma. | the objective of the present studies was to examine the in vitro effects of recombinant chicken interferon-gamma (rchifn-gamma) on shape change, phagocytosis, and the oxidative/nonoxidative killing activities of day-old chicken heterophils. heterophils (4 x 10(6)/ml) were incubated with various concentrations of recombinant chifn-gamma from both escherichia coli and transfected cos cells for 2 h at 39 degrees c. the incubation of the neonatal heterophils with rchifn-gamma resulted in significant ... | 2001 | 11244572 |
| effect of lipopolysaccharide from periodontal pathogens on the production of tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 by human gingival fibroblasts. | both tissue plasminogen activator (t-pa) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 (pai-2) are important proteolysis factors present in inflamed human periodontal tissues. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) on the synthesis of t-pa and pai-2 by human gingival fibroblasts (hgf). lps from different periodontal pathogens including actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, porphyromonas gingivalis and fusobacterium nucleatum were extracted by the hot pheno ... | 2001 | 11246701 |
| emergence of salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 in the caribbean: case-control study in trinidad and tobago, west indies. | a prospective case-control study involving 46 case patients and 92 age- and neighborhood-matched control subjects was conducted in trinidad and tobago (t&t) between march 1998 and may 1999 to determine the etiology, sources, and risk factors for salmonella enteritidis (se) infection. se infection in t&t was found to be associated with the consumption of shell eggs, and in particular raw or undercooked eggs. se isolates from 30 (88%) of 34 patients and from 9 implicated egg or egg-containing food ... | 2001 | 11247713 |
| evaluation of avian-specific probiotic and salmonella enteritidis-, salmonella typhimurium-, and salmonella heidelberg-specific antibodies on cecal colonization and organ invasion of salmonella enteritidis in broilers. | salmonella enteritidis colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry and causes foodborne illness in humans. reduction of salmonella enteritidis colonization in the intestinal tract of poultry reduces potential carcass contamination during slaughter. the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an avian-specific probiotic combined with salmonella enteritidis-, salmonella typhimurium-, and salmonella heidelberg-specific antibodies on the cecal colonization and organ invasion of salmonella ... | 2001 | 11252468 |
| [phage typing of salmonella enteritidis isolated from clinical, food, and poultry samples in chile]. | since 1994 an extensive epidemic of infections with salmonella enteritidis (s. enteritidis) has affected chile. in order to understand the diversity of infective sources, the possible origin of the epidemic, and the epidemiological relationships between clinical, food, and poultry isolates, we carried out phage typing of three groups of samples: 1) 310 s. enteritidis clinical samples collected between 1975 and 1996, 2) 47 food isolates obtained during s. enteritidis outbreaks, and 3) 27 strains ... | 2001 | 11253277 |
| an outbreak of salmonella enteritidis infection in pygmy hogs (sus salvanius). | an outbreak of salmonellosis was recorded in captive pygmy hogs (sus salvanius), a critically endangered species of mammal. of 42 captive animals maintained for conservation breeding by the pygmy hog conservation programme, guwahati, assam, india, 7 (16.67%) died within 3 days. the organism associated with this outbreak was identified as salmonella enteritidis. the organisms were highly susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, norfloxacin and cefotaxim but were resistant to ampicillin, oxytet ... | 2001 | 11254078 |
| bilateral femoral osteomyelitis with knee arthritis due to salmonella enteritidis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | a bilateral knee septic arthritis due to salmonella enteritidis developed in a female patient affected by long-standing systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) with cardiac and renal involvement treated with immunosuppressants and corticosteroids. because avascular necrosis and multiple osteomyelitic areas were detected at the same time in both right and left femoral condyles, an early localisation of salmonella into the bone was assumed. involvement of the joints was regarded as consequence of local ... | 2001 | 11254242 |
| bactericidal activities of milk lipids. | the bactericidal capacity of digestion products of bovine milk triglycerides and membrane lipids was tested in vitro using escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella enteritidis, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and clostridium perfringens. c10:0 and c12:0 fatty acids and digestion products of sphingolipids appeared to be effective bactericidal agents, whereas digestion products of phosphoglycerides were moderately bactericidal. thus, milk fat sphingolipids and triglycerides, particularly ... | 2001 | 11257052 |
| [clinical and bacteriological studies on hospital outbreak of salmonella enteritidis food poisoning]. | we experienced a hospital outbreak of salmonella food poisoning after ingestion of omelet which was the hospital evening meal on august 8, 1999. total number of patients was sixty-two (male 25: female 37) and the mean age was 52.1 years old. salmonella enteritidis was isolated from the stool in 59 cases. twenty-one of them were associated with the immunosuppression (12 with malignancy, 6 with dm, one with nephrotic syndrome, one with chronic nephritis and one with allergic purpura). clinical sym ... | 2001 | 11260876 |
| salmonella enteritidis, denmark. | | 2000 | 11265274 |
| monoclonal antibodies of iga isotype specific for lipopolysaccharide of salmonella enteritidis: production, purification, characterization and application as serotyping reagents. | hybridomas secreting immunoglobulin a (iga) monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps) were generated after mucosal immunization of balb/c mice with heat killed bacteria. antigen binding properties and specificity of the produced mabs were studied in elisa and immunoblotting with purified lps. two iga mabs agglutinated all salmonella od1 strains and all s. enteritidis clinical isolates. mab 178h11 recognized o:9 antigen of subserogroup od1 lps. mab 177e6 ... | 2001 | 11267782 |
| virulent strains of salmonella enteritidis disrupt the epithelial barrier of caco-2 and hep-2 cells. | to confirm the existence in nature of salmonella enteritidis strains of different degrees of virulence and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of such strains on the epithelial barrier function, the consequences of infection of caco-2 cells and hep-2 cells with 15 s. enteritidis strains in a chicken infection model were examined. the more virulent strains of s. enteritidis, which are biofilm producers in adherence test medium, were able to disrupt hep-2 and caco-2 monolayers, as s ... | 2001 | 11271420 |
| antimicrobial drug resistance in non-typhoidal salmonellas from humans in england and wales in 1999: decrease in multiple resistance in salmonella enterica serotypes typhimurium, virchow, and hadar. | in 1999 the incidence of multiple drug resistance (to four or more antimicrobials) in non-typhoidal salmonellas from humans in england and wales fell in isolations of salmonella enterica serotypes typhimurium, virchow, and hadar. this fall has been most noticeable in s. typhimurium, where 59% of isolates were multiresistant compared to 81% in 1996. the main reason for this has been a 75% decline in isolations of multiply-resistant s. typhimurium definitive phage type (dt) 104 (mr dt104) since 19 ... | 2000 | 11272261 |
| inhibition of a glucose-limited sequencing fed-batch culture of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis by volatile fatty acids representative of the ceca of broiler chickens. | the effects of concentrations of volatile fatty acids on an anaerobic, glucose-limited, and ph-controlled growing culture of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were studied. suddenly increasing volatile fatty acids to the concentrations representative of the ceca of 15-day-old broiler chickens caused washout of serovar enteritidis. in contrast, a sudden increase to the volatile fatty acid concentrations representative of the ceca of younger broiler chickens caused a reduction in the biomass ... | 2001 | 11282661 |
| salmonella infection of an ovarian dermoid cyst. | | 2001 | 11285070 |
| production of chemokines in vivo in response to microbial stimulation. | members of the chemokine gene superfamily are known to play a central role in leukocyte extravasation; however, their involvement in acute inflammation in response to micro-organisms has not yet been well studied. we have therefore investigated the role of murine macrophage-inflammatory protein (mumip) 1alpha and mumip-2 in the inflammatory response mounted against the bacteria salmonella enteritidis and the sacchromyces cerevisiae cell wall component, zymosan. leukocyte extravasation was monito ... | 2001 | 11290801 |
| low-molecular-weight plasmid of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis codes for retron reverse transcriptase and influences phage resistance. | retron reverse transcriptases are unusual procaryotic enzymes capable of synthesis of low-molecular-weight dna by reverse transcription. all of the so-far-described dna species synthesized by retron reverse transcriptases have been identified as multicopy single-stranded dna. we have shown that salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is also capable of synthesis of the low-molecular-weight dna by retron reverse transcriptase. surprisingly, salmonella serovar enteritidis-produced low-molecular-we ... | 2001 | 11292805 |
| differential activation of signal transduction pathways mediating phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation by chicken heterophils in response to stimulation with opsonized salmonella enteritidis. | the activation of signal transduction pathways is required for the expression of functional enhancement of cellular activities. in the present studies, initial attempts were made to identify the signal transduction factors involved in activating phagocytosis, generation of an oxidative burst, and degranulation by heterophils isolated from neonatal chickens in response to opsonized salmonella enteritidis (opsonized se). peripheral blood heterophils were isolated and exposed to known inhibitors of ... | 2001 | 11293667 |
| characterization of south african isolates of salmonella enteritidis by phage typing, numerical analysis of rapd-pcr banding patterns and plasmid profiles. | eleven of the 33 strains of salmonella enteritidis (s.e.) included in this study belonged to phage type 34. six strains belonged to phage type 14, six strains to phage type 4 and four strains to phage type 7. the remaining six strains belonged to phage types 35, 1, 24var (a variation of phage type 24), 9a, 1b and an unknown phage type. the majority of s.e. phage type 34 strains (eight of the 11) grouped at r2 > or =0.45 into one rapd-pcr cluster with two strains of phage types 4, a strain of pha ... | 2001 | 11294346 |
| high pressure increases bactericidal activity and spectrum of lactoferrin, lactoferricin and nisin. | we have studied the inactivation of a panel of eight test bacteria (two escherichia coli strains, salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, shigella sonnei, shigella flexneri, pseudomonas fluorescens and staphylococcus aureus) by high pressure in the presence of bovine lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), pepsin hydrolysate of lactoferrin (500 microg/ml), lactoferricin (20 microg/ml) and nisin (100 iu/ml). none of these compounds, at the indicated dosage, were bactericidal when applied at atmosphe ... | 2001 | 11294354 |
| detection of salmonella enteritidis in shell and liquid eggs using enrichment and plating. | detection methods using various enrichment and plating media and immunoconcentration for salmonella enteritidis in shell and liquid eggs were evaluated. for liquid egg samples naturally contaminated with s. enteritidis, pre-enrichment in 225 ml of buffered peptone water with cysteine followed by selective enrichment in 10 ml of tetrathionate broth was the superior, resulting in the detection of s. enteritidis in all samples on six of the seven types of selective agar substrate investigated. this ... | 2001 | 11294363 |
| altering the thermal resistance of foodborne bacterial pathogens with an eggshell membrane waste by-product. | eggshells from egg-breaking operations are a significant waste disposal problem. thus, the development of value-added by-products from this waste would be welcomed by the industry. the ability of extracted eggshell membranes containing, several bacteriolytic enzymes (i.e., lysozyme and beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase) or other membrane components to alter the thermal resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens was evaluated. mid-log phase cells of salmonella enteritidis (se), ... | 2001 | 11307884 |
| cecal perforation presenting as abdominal-wall necrotizing fasciitis. | the preoperative diagnosis of a cecal perforation associated with salmonella infection as a cause of abdominal-wall necrotizing fasciitis (awnf) is clinically difficult. computed tomography of the abdomen is helpful, and can detect the combined presence of a pneumoscrotum and pneumoperitoneum. its presence indicates a patent processus vaginalis, which acts as the primary route for the spread of the intra-abdominal infectious process into the abdominal wall. an exploratory laparotomy should be do ... | 2001 | 11315293 |
| enthalpic barriers to the hydrophobic binding of oligosaccharides to phage p22 tailspike protein. | the structural thermodynamics of the recognition of complex carbohydrates by proteins are not well understood. the recognition of o-antigen polysaccharide by phage p22 tailspike protein is a highly suitable model for advancing knowledge in this field. the binding to octa- and dodecasaccharides derived from salmonella enteritidis o-antigen was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and stopped-flow spectrofluorimetry. at room temperature, the binding reaction is enthalpically driven with an ... | 2001 | 11318636 |
| [analysis of the plasmid profile of various salmonella serotypes]. | every year foodborne infections cause millions of illnesses but many of them go undiagnosed and unreported. the epidemiology of these illnesses is changing, new pathogens have emerged (escherichia coli o157:h7, cyclospora cayetanensis, vibrio vulnificus). salmonella spp. is the most common bacterial cause of acute enterocolitis with us. all over the world, as well as in our country the most often isolated serotype is salmonella enteritidis. a great problem in many countries is the multiresistant ... | 2000 | 11320741 |
| detection of salmonellae in chicken feces by a combination of tetrathionate broth enrichment, capillary pcr, and capillary gel electrophoresis. | this report describes a rapid detection procedure for salmonellae from chicken feces by the combination of tetrathionate primary enrichment (preenrichment [pe])-bacterial lysis-capillary pcr and capillary gel electrophoresis. pure salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis 64k was reisolated and detected by capillary pcr after buffered peptone water and nutrient broth, tetrathionate broth base hajna (ttbh), and tetrathionate broth (ttb) preenrichments. when the same culture was mixed with intestina ... | 2001 | 11326006 |
| phylogenetic analysis of salmonella enteritidis isolates from food poisonings using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis over the period of june 1997 to december 2000 in hyogo prefecture. | | 2001 | 11326131 |
| phylogenetic analysis of genotyptic variations of salmonella enteritidis isolates from sporadic infections using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis from december 1996 to november 2000 in hyogo prefecture. | | 2001 | 11326132 |
| comparison of salmonella isolation rates in different types of egg-layer hen houses in chiba, japan. | this study investigated the differences in salmonella isolation rates in environmental samples taken from several types of hen houses in chiba, japan. in addition, for the detailed epidemiologic survey, environmental samples, hens, and rodents were collected from salmonella-contaminated windowless houses on three farms. as a result, salmonella was isolated from four (80%) of five farms with windowless hen houses; salmonella enteritidis was isolated from a single windowless house. in contrast, on ... | 2001 | 11332483 |
| differences among six salmonella serovars in abilities to colonize reproductive organs and to contaminate eggs in laying hens. | the abilities of salmonella serovars to colonize the reproductive organs of chickens and to contaminate eggs were compared. mature laying hens were inoculated intravenously with 10(5) colony-forming units of salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella infantis, salmonella hadar, salmonella heidelberg, or salmonella montevideo to cause the systemic infection. salmonella enteritidis was recovered from three yolks of the laid eggs (7.0%), suggesting egg contamination from the transov ... | 2001 | 11332500 |
| vaccination against salmonella enteritidis in dutch commercial layer flocks with a vaccine based on a live salmonella gallinarum 9r strain: evaluation of efficacy, safety, and performance of serologic salmonella tests. | this study describes a field trial in which 80 commercial layer flocks, with an increased risk of salmonella enteritidis (se) infection and placed on farms with a certified standardized biosecurity programme (sbp) or a request for a sbp certificate, were vaccinated with a vaccine based on a live attenuated salmonella gallinarum (sg) 9r strain. an evaluation is presented of the efficacy of the vaccine against se infections, the effect on the performance of serologic salmonella tests, and the spre ... | 2001 | 11332503 |
| detection of salmonella in food samples by the combination of immunomagnetic separation and pcr assay. | a combination of immunomagnetic separation and polymerase chain reaction (ims-pcr) was used to detect salmonella in food samples. pre-enrichment of samples was combined with filtration through a membrane for the removal of food debris. the ims-pcr assay combines selective extraction of bacteria by specific antibodies with primer specific pcr amplification that enables to detect salmonella in non-fatty food samples in 24 h. in comparison with conventional cultural methods, the ims-pcr is a rapid ... | 2000 | 11334305 |
| the sef14 fimbrial antigen of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis is encoded within a pathogenicity islet. | the dna sequence of the chromosomal gene cluster encoding the sef14 fimbriae of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was determined. five contiguous open reading frames, sefabcde, were identified. the sefe gene shared significant homology with arac-like positive regulators. serovar-associated virulence plasmid (sap) genes orf7,8,9 and pefi were identified immediately adjacent to the sef operon. the pefi gene encoded a putative regulator of the plasmid-encoded fimbrial antigen (pef) expression ... | 2001 | 11337139 |
| monitoring of transmission of salmonella enterica serovars in pigs using bacteriological and serological detection methods. | the standard method to detect salmonella positive pigs is bacteriological examination of the faeces, but in recent years the use of salmonella-elisa's have become available to screen pigs for serological evidence of infection. this study was conducted to monitor the transmission of five different salmonella enterica serovars (s. typhimurium, s. brandenburg, s. panama, s. livingstone, and s. goldcoast) in fattening pigs and to test the feasibility of salmonella-elisa, using seeder pigs as a mode ... | 2001 | 11337142 |
| elevated iron status increases bacterial invasion and survival and alters cytokine/chemokine mrna expression in caco-2 human intestinal cells. | iron status affects both microbial growth and immune function. mammalian iron homeostasis is maintained primarily by regulating the absorption of the micronutrient in the proximal small intestine. the iron concentration of the enterocyte can fluctuate widely in response to both dietary and whole body iron status, as well as in response to infections. the possibility that an enterocyte with an elevated iron concentration is more susceptible to invasion by enteric pathogens is not known. therefore ... | 2001 | 11340099 |
| standardized laboratory-scale preparation of mayonnaise containing low levels of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis. | salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis pt4 and pt6 are associated with food poisoning outbreaks and are often found in food only in low concentrations. in this study a reproducible laboratory-scale procedure for preparation of mayonnaise is presented. the mayonnaise that simulates a naturally low-level contaminated product can be used for validation of new methods and is also suitable to study the behavior of low numbers of food pathogenic spoilage microorganisms in a food environment. during p ... | 2001 | 11347990 |
| enhanced inhibition of listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enteritidis in meat by combinations of sodium lactate and diacetate. | the antimicrobial activities of sodium lactate (sl) and sodium acetate (sa) are well documented, but there is limited information on the effect of their combination or of the combination of sl and sodium diacetate (sda) on survival and growth of listeria monocytogenes and salmonellae in meat. effects of sl (1.8 and 2.5%), sda (0.1 and 0.2%), or sa (0.2%) and their combinations on the behavior of l monocytogenes and salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis were investigated in sterile comminuted b ... | 2001 | 11347993 |
| the virulence for gnotobiotic pigs of live attenuated vaccine strains of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and enteritidis. | gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated orally with wild-type or defined aroa or cya crp vaccine strains of salmonella enterica serovars typhimurium and s. enteritidis. the parental strains were virulent, inducing severe diarrhoea, dehydration and systemic disease. the cya crp mutant was also highly virulent whereas the aroa strains were attenuated. | 2001 | 11348707 |
| [detection of salmonella enteritidis in samples of poultry products for human consumption in the chilean metropolitan area]. | salmonella enteritidis (se) is a frequent cause of diarrhea, and is transmitted mainly by se contaminated eggs or poultry meat. the frequency of se contaminated eggs or chicken meat and the risk for acquiring this pathogen is unknown in chile. | 2000 | 11349505 |
| environmental survey of salmonella and comparison of genotypic character with human isolates in western japan. | to estimate the prevalence and distribution of salmonellae, especially salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (s. enteritidis), in western japan, an investigation was conducted of the chicken industry and environmental sources between 1995 and 1998. salmonellae were isolated from 34 of 90 samples (37.8%) of raw chicken parts, 34 of 98 faecal samples (34.7%) at 35 broiler farms, 11 of 59 samples (18.6%) of liquid eggs, and from 71 of 272 samples (26.1%) of swab specimens from equ ... | 2001 | 11349965 |
| treatment of broiler litter with organic acids. | experiments for treatment of contaminated broiler litter with citric, tartaric and salicylic acids were performed. at days 2 and 6 after the treatment, ph values (using a ph-meter), the ammonia concentrations (titration with 0.1 n hcl) and the microbial cells counts were determined in both experimental and control specimens of litter. the cost of acidification of litter was also determined. our studies showed that the treatment of the contaminated litter with 5 per cent citric acid, 4 per cent t ... | 2001 | 11356097 |
| intestinal mucosal immune response in chickens following intraocular immunization with liposome-associated salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis antigen. | induction of intestinal mucosal immune responses against salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis was studied by immunizing chickens with liposome-associated antigen. an ultrasonicated whole cell extract of the bacteria was used for immunizing antigen. intraocular immunization induced serum iga, igg and igm responses. also, significant iga and igg antibodies were detected in the intestinal tract. immunization with antigen alone induced only igg response in the intestine. salmonella enteritidis-sp ... | 2001 | 11356227 |
| non-typhoidal salmonellosis: emerging problems. | two major changes in the epidemiology of non-typhoidal salmonellosis have occurred during the second half of the 20th century. first, salmonella typhimurium strains resistant to multiple antibiotics have emerged and spread within populations of food animals. secondly, salmonella enteritidis has emerged as a major egg-associated pathogen. this article reviews available data on the origins of the human epidemics. | 2001 | 11358718 |
| control of fimy translation and type 1 fimbrial production by the arginine trna encoded by fimu in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. | expression of type 1 fimbriae in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium undergoes phase variation or alteration between a fimbriate and a non-fimbriate phenotype. this variation is known to be dependent upon environmental conditions in vitro and is thought to be a complex process involving regulation by a number of proteins. the regulatory genes located within the fim cluster include fimz, fimy and fimw. a fourth gene of the cluster, fimu, encodes a trna molecule specific for rare arginine codo ... | 2001 | 11359580 |
| [spontaneous occult splenic rupture after salmonella enteritidis infection]. | | 2001 | 11367851 |
| salmonella enteritidis flic (flagella filament protein) induces human beta-defensin-2 mrna production by caco-2 cells. | antimicrobial peptides are crucial for host defense at mucosal surfaces. bacterial factors responsible for induction of human beta-defensin-2 (hbd-2) mrna expression in caco-2 human carcinoma cells were determined. salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella typhi, salmonella dublin, and culture supernatants of these strains induced hbd-2 mrna expression in caco-2 human carcinoma cells. using luciferase as a reporter gene for a approximately 2.1-kilobase pair hbd-2 promoter, the h ... | 2001 | 11387317 |
| wine has activity against entero-pathogenic bacteria in vitro but not in vivo. | we studied the activity of wine against entero-pathogenic bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. the food-borne bacteria were killed in both red and white wine within 30 min. however, the results of a salmonella infection experiment using mice suggested that wine was not effective in preventing food-borne diseases in vivo. | 2001 | 11388480 |
| characterization of the innate and adaptive immunity to salmonella enteritidis pt1 infection in four broiler lines. | four broiler lines were inoculated orally with salmonella enteritidis phage type 1 at the age of 7 days (experiment a: lines 1 and 2) and at the age of 1 day (experiment b: lines 3 and 4). at various days post-infection chickens were sacrificed and the number of salmonella in the caeca, liver, and spleen were determined. furthermore, phagocytic activity, cellular immune responses, and humoral responses were determined using, respectively, single-cell suspensions of spleen or intestine and serum. ... | 2001 | 11389957 |
| salmonella dublin infection: a rare cause of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and chronic colitis in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. | salmonella dublin is a veterinary pathogen which rarely causes human illness, although reported human isolates have increased over the past two decades. this serovar of salmonella is unusually invasive and life-threatening, although the clinical pattern of human infection is not well known. we describe a 51-year-old cirrhotic patient who presented with severe liver failure, chronic diarrhoea and left-sided segmental colitis. radiological and endoscopic findings suggested crohn's colitis. during ... | 2001 | 11396541 |
| [salmonella enteritidis outbreak in a home for the aged]. | an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by salmonella enteritidis (se), phagotype 1, reported at a senior citizen living facility in burgos on november 15, 1999 is discussed. the objective of the research of this outbreak was that of ascertaining the source of infection, the mechanism by which it was transmitted and to propose the suitable measures for preventing any recurrence of this problem. | 2001 | 11400418 |
| activation of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase by gram-negative flagellin. | flagellin from various species of gram-negative bacteria activates monocytes to produce proinflammatory cytokines. we have analyzed the pathway by which salmonella enteritidis flagellin (flic) activates murine and human monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines. since lipopolysaccharide (lps), the principal immune stimulatory component of gram-negative bacteria, is known to signal through toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), we tested the possibility that flic also signals via tlr4. when murine henc2 cells we ... | 2001 | 11401982 |
| evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction-based system for detection of salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria spp., and listeria monocytogenes on fresh fruits and vegetables. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based detection system, bax, was evaluated for its sensitivity in detecting salmonella enteritidis, escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria sp., and listeria monocytogenes on fresh produce. fifteen different types of produce (alfalfa sprouts, green peppers, parsley, white cabbage, radishes, onions, carrots, mushrooms, leaf lettuce, tomatoes, strawberries, cantaloupe, mango, apples, and oranges) were inoculated, in separate studies, with salmonella enteritidis, e. col ... | 2001 | 11403127 |