| esophageal disease in aids is associated with pathologic processes rather than mucosal human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | twenty-five patients with aids and esophageal symptoms were evaluated for the presence of esophageal disease and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) in the esophageal mucosa. a single infectious process caused by candida albicans, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, or mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex or a single noninfectious process caused by kaposi's sarcoma or reflux esophagitis was identified in 20 patients. two processes were identified in 5 pat ... | 1993 | 8440925 |
| anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with facial paralysis. | ninety-eight patients with facial paralysis were studied by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) employing two types of borrelia burgdorferi antigen, namely sonic extract and flagellum protein of b. burgdorferi. igg or igm antibodies were detected by sonic extract elisa in 22 (32.4%) of 68 patients with bell's palsy, and in 2 (10.0%) of 20 patients with varicella-zoster virus infection. this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). a positive reaction was more freque ... | 1993 | 8442947 |
| acute abdominal pain as a presenting symptom of varicella-zoster virus infection in recipients of bone marrow transplants. | | 1993 | 8448313 |
| selected nosocomial viral infections. | a nosocomial viral infection is defined as a viral infection the onset of which occurs when the patient has been hospitalized longer than the incubation period of the virus. viruses account for about 5% of all nosocomial infections. viral cross-infection is most common in infants and children but also occurs in other groups, including the elderly, institutionalized persons of all ages, immunocompromised hosts, and patients with underlying chronic pulmonary, renal, or cardiac disease. these infec ... | 1993 | 8449764 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with meningitis of different etiologies: high levels of tnf alpha indicate bacterial meningitis. | the levels of tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were analyzed in 139 patients with meningitis and in 20 control subjects. elevated concentrations were observed in 42 (82%) of 51 patients with purulent bacterial meningitis (18/24 haemophilus influenzae, 13/14 streptococcus pneumoniae, 7/7 neisseria meningitidis, and 4/6 with other purulent bacterial etiology). in contrast, elevated levels were found in only 5 of 78 individuals with nonbacterial meningitis (2/8 with he ... | 1993 | 8450254 |
| [neurological complications of herpes zoster in the central nervous system]. | the varicella zoster virus may affect the central nervous system (cns) as a complication of herpes zoster (hz). a series of neurological syndromes are described and, on the basis of a review of the literature and two illustrative case histories, the symptomatology, pathogenesis, therapeutic possibilities and the diagnostic difficulties in hz-associated cerebral vasculitis and hz-associated encephalitis are reviewed. progressive multifocal encephalopathy in immune-insufficient individuals is brie ... | 1993 | 8451785 |
| [neurological complications of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection]. | sixty cases with varicella-associated neurological disorders from japanese literature during recent 11 years were analyzed and compared with previous reports. chief diseases were encephalitis (encephalopathy) (23.3%), cerebellar ataxia (21.7%), meningitis (18.3%), cerebral infarction (13.3%) and facial palsy (8.3%). cerebellar ataxia, meningitis and cerebral infarction were found in young children under 9 years, and other disorders were seen also in older children and adults. some cases had neur ... | 1993 | 8461162 |
| three cases of varicella thrombophlebitis as a complication of varicella zoster virus infection. | three cases of deep venous thrombosis following varicella infection are described which were successfully treated with bed rest and anticoagulants. two of these patients had severe pulmonary manifestations of varicella and the third was complicated by pulmonary embolism. deep vein thrombosis is an uncommon systemic manifestation of varicella, possibly associated with vascular endothelium wall damage caused by varicella zoster virus infection. | 1993 | 8462561 |
| [the emergence of viruses resistant to antiviral agents: a new challenge]. | recent use of antiviral drugs and the increase in the number of viral infections in immunocompromised hosts have led to the development of viral resistance. in this paper, the author reviews the antiviral drugs on the market, the antiviral susceptibility tests and presents a review of the literature concerning infections with resistant viruses. acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus, ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus and zidovudine-resistant human immunodeficiency viru ... | 1993 | 8465473 |
| guillain-barré syndrome after herpes zoster infection: a report of 2 cases. | we report 2 patients with guillain-barré syndrome following infection with the varicella-zoster virus. evidence from neurophysiological studies is provided and the literature is reviewed on the association between these conditions. | 1993 | 8467824 |
| novel acyclonucleotides: synthesis and antiviral activity of alkenylphosphonic acid derivatives of purines and a pyrimidine. | a series of phosphonoalkenyl and (phosphonoalkenyl)oxy derivatives of purines and a pyrimidine were synthesized. these compounds are the first reported acyclonucleotides which incorporate the alpha,beta-unsaturated phosphonic acid moiety as the phosphate mimic and include compounds in which the acyclic substituent is attached to n-9 of a purine or n-1 of a pyrimidine by either a nitrogen-carbon or a nitrogen-oxygen bond. the phosphonoalkenyl-substituted compounds 7a-c, 8a-c, 9, 10, and 12 were p ... | 1993 | 8496903 |
| a case of congenital herpes zoster. | a 5 day old girl was transferred to the pediatric ward of kyushu university hospital because of papules noted since birth. the papules were distributed on her skin corresponding to the dermatomes innervated by the left th1-th3 and the left l1-l3. varicella-zoster virus antigens were detected in scrapings of incised papules. the diagnosis of herpes zoster was made and acyclovir (acv) was administered. she responded to acv well, but she experienced a recurrence twice after discontinuation of acv. ... | 1993 | 8503271 |
| inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh) preceding skin manifestations of disseminated varicella zoster virus infection post-bmt. | we report the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh) preceding the development of skin lesions of varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection in a patient with cml 5 months post-allogeneic bmt. this is the first report of siadh complicating disseminated vzv infection in a bmt patient. siadh is an unusual complication that may precede vzv infection post-bmt. | 1993 | 8504276 |
| fatal noncutaneous visceral infection with varicella-zoster virus in a patient with lymphoma after autologous bone marrow transplantation. | after undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation, a patient developed fatal disseminated infection due to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) with no coincident skin lesions. this article describes this unusual case and briefly reviews the english-language literature on the abdominal presentation of vzv infection as well as that on vzv infection after bone marrow transplantation. in the severely immunocompromised host, visceral infection with vzv may uncommonly occur i ... | 1993 | 8513054 |
| chickenpox during pregnancy. small but real risk. | | 1995 | 8520233 |
| famciclovir. a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in herpesvirus infections. | famciclovir, a synthetic acyclic guanine derivative, is a prodrug which, after oral administration, is rapidly metabolised to the highly bioavailable antiviral compound penciclovir. penciclovir is active in vitro against the herpesviruses herpes simplex virus (hsv)-1, hsv-2 and varicella zoster virus (vzv). famciclovir is an effective treatment of immunocompetent patients with acute herpes zoster (shingles) caused by vzv. comparative studies have demonstrated that famciclovir has therapeutic eff ... | 1995 | 8521764 |
| phosphorylation and nuclear localization of the varicella-zoster virus gene 63 protein. | the protein encoded by varicella-zoster virus open reading frame 63 and carboxy-terminal deletions of the same were expressed either as fusion proteins at the carboxy terminus of the maltose-binding protein in escherichia coli or independently in transfected mammalian cells. the truncations contained amino acids 1 to 142 (63 delta n) or 1 to 210 (63 delta k) of the complete 278-amino-acid primary sequence. recombinant casein kinase ii phosphorylated the 63f and 63 delta kf fusion proteins in vit ... | 1996 | 8523589 |
| the varicella-zoster virus immediate-early 62 promoter contains a negative regulatory element that binds transcriptional factor nf-y. | the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) immediate-early (ie) open reading frame 62 (orf62) promoter sequence contains a ccaat box, located between positions -117 and -113. mutation of this motif resulted in a five-fold increase of promoter activity. in mobility shift assays, we demonstrated that nf-y, a ccaat box-binding protein critical for the expression of diverse eukaryotic genes, binds to this motif. thus, the vzv ie orf62 promoter contains a negative regulatory element that binds the ubiquitous t ... | 1995 | 8525624 |
| [varicella-zoster virus pancreatitis in hematologic diseases]. | we report four cases of varicella-zoster pancreatitis in immunocompromised hosts. all 4 patients presented a severe immunodeficiency because of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders (mainly lymphoma and hodgkin disease) and long-term immunosuppressive therapy. varicella zoster pancreatitis is a very unusual presentation of varicella-zoster infection. few cases of pancreatitis occurring after bone marrow transplantation have been reported. all 4 patients presented with acute epigastric pain assoc ... | 1995 | 8526311 |
| [post-herpes zoster calcinosis]. | cutaneous calcinosis, without any disturbance of phosphocalcic metabolism, secondary to circumscribed previous skin lesions are quite common. those secondary to viral skin lesions are rare and worth of publication. | 1995 | 8526428 |
| [granulomatous vasculitis of the cns as a complication of herpes zoster ophthalmicus]. | a 61-year old man with a history of arterial hypertension suffered a left hzo, and was treated with acyclovir. three weeks later he suddenly developed moderate left hemiparesis particularly of the leg, severe paresis of the right leg, aphasia and somnolence. treated with iv acyclovir and high-dose corticosteroids deterioration of the right hemiparesis was apparent. serological and csf-studies showed acute varicella-zoster virus infection with intrathecal antibody synthesis (antibody specificity ... | 1995 | 8529986 |
| myelin- and microbe-specific antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome. | we surveyed the frequency of reported infections and target autoantigens in 56 guillain barré syndrome (gbs) patients by detecting antibodies to myelin and microbes. sulfatide (43%), cardiolipin (48%), gd1a (15%), sgpg (11%), and gm3 (11%) antibodies were the most frequently detected heterogenous autoantibodies. a wide spectrum of antimicrobial igg and igm antibodies were also detected; mumps-specific igg (66%), adenovirus-specific igg (52%), varicella-zoster virus-specific igg (46%), and s. pne ... | 1995 | 8531012 |
| recommended childhood immunization schedule--united states, january-june 1996. | in january 1995, the recommended childhood immunization schedule was published in mmwr following issuance by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip), the american academy of pediatrics, and the american academy of family physicians (1). this schedule was the first unified schedule developed through a collaborative process among the recommending groups, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and the food and drug administration. this collaborative process should assist in main ... | 1996 | 8531913 |
| inhibitory action of acyclovir (acv) and penciclovir (pcv) on plaque formation and partial cross-resistance of acv-resistant varicella-zoster virus to pcv. | penciclovir has potent antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus (vzv). we have characterized the inhibitory effects of penciclovir and acyclovir on the plaque formation of cell-free vzv and cross-resistance of acyclovir-resistant vzv to penciclovir. the apparent effective concentration for 50% plaque reduction (ec50) of penciclovir determined on the third day was significantly lower than that determined on the fourth or fifth day. the size of plaques was smaller in the presence of penci ... | 1995 | 8540749 |
| updated proceedings of the 2nd international conference on the varicella-zoster virus. paris, france, july 7-8, 1994. | | 1995 | 8545006 |
| from molecular biology to medicine: two decades of achievement in varicella-zoster virus research. | | 1995 | 8545007 |
| molecular basis for a geographic variation of varicella-zoster virus recognized by a peptide antibody. | a live attenuated varicella vaccine, derived from a japanese isolate, is currently being widely used to modulate disease caused by varicella-zoster virus. differentiation of the vaccine from wild-type isolates has been and will continue to be critical in the assessment of the vaccine in the united states. this has largely relied upon identification of characteristic dna polymorphisms in the vaccine strain in the united states. this has largely relied upon identification of characteristic dna pol ... | 1995 | 8545008 |
| entry and egress of varicella-zoster virus: role of mannose 6-phosphate, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and signal sequences in targeting virions and viral glycoproteins. | | 1995 | 8545009 |
| varicella-zoster virus latency in the adult rat is a useful model for human latent infection. | a model of latent infection by varicella-zoster virus (vzv) was obtained in the adult rat. inoculation of vzv-infected cells in the skin led to infection of the peripheral nervous system. latency was characterized by a long-lasting presence of the viral genome, of selected viral gene transcripts, and of at least one viral protein in the dorsal root ganglia. reactivation has not been obtained in vivo, but has occurred ex vivo after repeated stresses. many similarities with vzv latency in humans w ... | 1995 | 8545010 |
| varicella-zoster virus ocular infection in the rabbit: a model of human zoster ophthalmicus. | | 1995 | 8545011 |
| varicella-zoster virus gene regulation. | the varicella-zoster virus genome contains 71 open reading frames (orfs), five of which (orf62, orf4, orf63, orf61, and orf10) encode regulatory proteins. orf62 codes for the major immediate early protein of the virus exhibiting dna-binding and regulatory functions. this protein, localized in the cell nucleus, is a functional homologue to icp4 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). it trans-activates several varicella-zoster virus promoters of the various gene classes and autoregulates its own ... | 1995 | 8545012 |
| analysis of varicella-zoster virus promoter sequences. | | 1995 | 8545013 |
| interactions between varicella-zoster virus ie62 and cellular transcription factor usf in the coordinate activation of genes 28 and 29. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) gene 28 encodes the viral dna polymerase, while 29 encodes the major dna-binding protein. because of the central importance of these proteins to productive replication of vzv and because, of these, only gene 29 seems to be expressed in latency, we sought to understand how their expression is controlled. we recently reported that the divergent gene 28 and gene 29 transcripts are coordinately upregulated by ie62. deletions in the 221-bp promoter domain shared by genes ... | 1995 | 8545014 |
| transcriptional mapping of varicella-zoster virus regulatory proteins. | varicella-zoster virus (vzv) expresses four proteins that influence viral transcriptional events and that also are homologous to herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) immediate-early proteins. however, their transcription and the mechanisms by which it is regulated are not yet resolved. to identify the promoter regions, a precise knowledge of the initiation and termination of the encoded rnas is first required. in this report, we summarize the complete and precise mapping of the rna transcripts of ... | 1995 | 8545015 |
| aspects of the host response to varicella-zoster virus: a review of recent observations. | | 1995 | 8545016 |
| cytokine production in varicella-zoster virus-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. | among varicella-zoster virus (vzv)-immune adults aged 20 to 35 years, t lymphocytes producing interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in response to a vzv antigen stimulus are eight times more numerous than those making interleukin-4 (il-4). in persons over 55 years old, the frequency of ifn-gamma-making cells falls while the number of il-4-making cells remains roughly constant. the persistence of il-4-making cells may contribute to the maintenance of igg antibodies to vzv with aging. | 1995 | 8545017 |
| immunization to reduce the frequency and severity of herpes zoster and its complications. | herpes zoster (hz) is a localized disease that results from reactivation of an endogenous varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infection that has persisted in latent form within sensory ganglia following an earlier attack of varicella. the incidence and the severity of hz and its complications increase with advancing age, and this is temporally associated with an age-related decline in cell-mediated immunity (cmi) to vzv. information on the cellular site and mechanism of vzv latency and on the events th ... | 1995 | 8545018 |
| localization of varicella-zoster virus nucleic acids and proteins in human skin. | the pathogenic mechanisms involved in varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections remain elusive. the pattern of cutaneous distribution of the ie63 protein and of the gpi (ge) and gpii glycoproteins with their corresponding genome sequences during vzv infections was studied by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. skin biopsy specimens were obtained from immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with varicella, herpes zoster, or atypical vzv lesions. the first evidence for vzv infecti ... | 1995 | 8545019 |
| sorivudine: a promising drug for the treatment of varicella-zoster virus infection. | sorivudine provides a unique nucleoside analog with significantly enhanced both in vitro and in vitro activity and enhanced oral bioavailability. early indications from controlled studies indicate that sorivudine therapy is superior to acyclovir for the treatment of localized zoster in individuals with hiv infection and adults with chicken pox. however, these studies await peer evaluation. importantly, recent experience in japan indicates administration of sorivudine with 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) i ... | 1995 | 8545030 |
| varicella-zoster virus: history, perspectives, and evolving concerns. | | 1995 | 8545033 |
| vocal cord paralysis as a presentation of intrauterine infection with varicella-zoster virus. | | 1996 | 8545208 |
| dna sequence of the simian varicella virus (svv) gh gene and analysis of the svv and varicella zoster virus gh transcripts. | the varicella zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein h (gh) stimulates vzv-specific immune responses and may be involved in virus penetration. this study reports the genomic map position and the dna sequence of a simian varicella virus (svv) homologue of the vzv gh gene. a 32p-labeled vzv gh-specific dna probe hybridized to the hindiii b subclone of the svv bamhi b restriction endonuclease (re) fragment. the dna sequence of the svv hindiii b subclone was determined and analysis indicated a svv open rea ... | 1995 | 8546010 |
| herpesvirus infections in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | herpesviruses are among the most common causes of infections of humans. viruses in this family share the unique biological property of being able to establish latency and to recur. furthermore, chronic excretion of virus is not uncommon. in the immunocompromised host, including persons with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, herpesvirus disease can be particularly severe, resulting in chronic, persistent, active infection and, in some cases, life-threatening disease. the most pathogen ... | 1995 | 8547499 |
| inhibition of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase by 5-propynyluracil, a metabolite of the anti-varicella zoster virus agent netivudine. | to study the effects of the anti-herpetic drug netivudine on dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity in elderly volunteers and to relate them to concentrations of netivudine and its metabolite 5-propynyluracil. | 1996 | 8549030 |
| frequent recurrence and persistence of varicella-zoster virus infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | to examine complications and treatment of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | 1996 | 8551421 |
| identification and characterization of the bovine herpesvirus 1 ul7 gene and gene product which are not essential for virus replication in cell culture. | the ul7 gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1) strain schönböken was found at a position and in a context predicted from the gene order in the prototype alphaherpesvirus herpes simplex virus type 1. the gene and flanking regions were sequenced, the ul7 rna and protein were characterized, and 98.3% of the ul7 open reading frame was deleted from the viral genome without destroying productive virus replication. concomitant deletion of nine 3' codons from the bhv-1 ul6 orf and 77 amino acids from the ... | 1996 | 8551568 |
| detection of varicella-zoster virus genome having a psti site in the ocular sample from a patient with acute retinal necrosis. | we detected the virus genome in ocular samples from a 65-year-old woman with clinically diagnosed acute retinal necrosis using dna amplification. she exhibited occlusive retinal vasculitis, confluent necrotizing retinitis, mainly peripheral, and iridocyclitis. for dna amplification, we used recently published primers specific for varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and herpes simplex virus. using vzv primers, we detected the vzv genome in the aqueous humor, but not in the vitreous, by amplifying a dna ... | 1995 | 8552371 |
| computer modeling of prototypic and aberrant nucleocapsids of varicella-zoster virus. | | 1995 | 8553532 |
| identification of immunodominant regions and linear b cell epitopes of the ge envelope protein of varicella-zoster virus. | the envelope proteins of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) are highly immunogenic and one of the most abundant is glycoprotein e (ge). however, its immunodominant regions and epitopes have not been identified. in this study, using human sera from individuals with recent varicella or zoster infections, we have localized antigenic sequences of ge using recombinant hybrid ty-virus-like particles (vlps) carrying overlapping fragments of the ge protein. ge(1-134)-vlps (particles carrying amino acids 1-134 ... | 1995 | 8553555 |
| [cns vasculitis after ophthalmic herpes zoster infection]. | we present a case of cerebral vasculitis secondary to infection with varicella zoster virus which appeared in a 27 year old patient after a latency period of eight weeks. we emphasize the usefulness of angioresonance as a fitting means of evolutive follow up without the need to carry out control cerebral angiography. we likewise point out the usefulness of acyclovir as the sole treatment necessary in non-complicated cases. | 1995 | 8556594 |
| gene organization in the ul region and inverted repeats of the canine herpesvirus genome. | restriction mapping and the determination of scattered nucleotide sequences have permitted a description of the global structure and evolutionary affinities of the canine herpesvirus (chv) genome. the global structure closely resembles that of the totally sequenced genomes of varicella-zoster virus and equine herpesvirus 1 (ehv-1) in having a 37 bp inverted repeat flanking a long unique region (ul) of approximately 100,000 bp, and a 10,100-10,700 bp inverted repeat flanking a short unique region ... | 1996 | 8558127 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thio purine nucleosides. | a series of 2'-deoxy-4'-thioribo purine nucleosides was prepared by trans-n-deoxyribosylase-catalyzed reaction of 2'-deoxy-4'-thiouridine with a variety of purine bases. this synthetic procedure is an improvement over methods previously used to prepare purine 4'-thio nucleosides. the compounds were tested against hepatitis b virus (hbv), human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella zoster virus (vzv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv-1). cytotoxicity was d ... | 1996 | 8558524 |
| varicella vaccine: its past, present and future. | | 1995 | 8559621 |
| hsv-1 brain infection by the olfactory nerve route and virus latency and reactivation may cause learning and behavioral deficiencies and violence in children and adults: a point of view. | two recent studies provided new evidence on the latency of hsv-1 dna in 15.5% of olfactory bulbs and in 72.5% of trigeminal nerves from human corpses at forensic postmortems (1) and in 35% of 40 autopsied human brains (2). in the latter brains, latent hsv-1 dna was found in the olfactory bulbs, amygdala, hippocampus, brain stem, and trigeminal ganglia. although in these studies it is not known by which route hsv-1 entered the olfactory bulbs and brain, experimental studies in mice (3) revealed t ... | 1995 | 8560783 |
| inhibition of pcr by aqueous and vitreous fluids. | the detection of viral nucleic acids in intraocular fluids and tissues by pcr has become increasingly important in clinical ophthalmology. while much attention has been directed toward minimizing false-positive reactions resulting from specimen contamination or amplicor carryover, relatively little attention has been given to the causes of false-negative pcrs. this report describes a pcr inhibitor in normal aqueous and vitreous fluids that can produce false-negative pcr results. as little as 0.5 ... | 1995 | 8567898 |
| utility of direct immunofluorescence and virus culture for detection of varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions. | a direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) with a monoclonal antibody from ortho diagnostic systems was compared with conventional cell culture for the rapid detection of varicella-zoster virus (vzv) in 140 dermal lesions from 133 patients. a total of 79 (56%) specimens were positive for vzv: 40 (51%) by dfa alone, 2 (3%) by culture only, and 37 (47%) by both culture and dfa. after discordant analysis, the sensitivities and negative predictive values, respectively, were 97.5% (77 of 79) and 96.8% ( ... | 1995 | 8567930 |
| [bilateral acute retinal necrosis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. | a case of bilateral progressive outer retinal necrosis occurred after herpes zoster ophthalmicus in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. this case does not correspond to the classical picture of progressive outer retinal necrosis. the disease led to blindness despite intravenous therapy with acyclovir and foscarnet. pcr could not identify any virus in the aqueous humour, but vzv is evidenced in cerebrospinal fluid. acute retinal necrosis is now clearly defined by the american uveit ... | 1995 | 8568169 |
| the protective effect of immunologic boosting against zoster: an analysis in leukemic children who were vaccinated against chickenpox. | whether reexposure of varicella-immune persons to varicella-zoster virus would protect against or predispose to development of zoster was analyzed. the rate of zoster in 511 leukemic recipients of varicella vaccine who had 1 or > 1 dose of varicella vaccine and in those who did or did not have a household exposure to varicella was determined. a kaplan-meier life-table analysis revealed that the incidence of zoster was lower in those given > 1 dose of vaccine (p < .05). a cox proportional hazards ... | 1996 | 8568309 |
| [natural cytotoxicity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus infections]. | natural cytotoxicity of peripheral blood was assessed in adults with recurrent herpes labialis and in patients with herpes zoster. cd16+ cells count, lymphocytes forming conjugates with k 562 cells count and nk activity in chromium-release assay were measured. decreased cd16+ cells count and depressed nk activity were found during latency of hsv infection. during reactivation of the infection lymphocytes forming conjugates count was increased. functional activation of natural killing was noted i ... | 1995 | 8571741 |
| detection of viral dna in endolymphatic sac tissue from menière's disease patients. | neurotropic viruses have been postulated to play a role in the development of menière's disease (md). the purpose of this study was to evaluate the endolymphatic sacs of patients undergoing surgery for md in a single-blind study for evidence of herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella zoster (vz), or cytomegalovirus (cmv) dna. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used as the method of detection because of its sensitivity, specificity, and applicability to fresh, as well as fixed tissues. twenty-two ... | 1994 | 8572065 |
| treatment of herpes zoster with clinacanthus nutans (bi phaya yaw) extract. | a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the efficacy of topical formulation of clinacanthus nutans (bi phaya yaw) extract was carried out in 51 patients with varicella-zoster virus infection. the study medication was applied five times daily for 7-14 days until the lesions were healed. the number of patients with lesion crusting within 3 days and with lesion healing within 7 days and 10 days were significantly greater in the c. nutans extract-treated group than the placebo group (p < 0.01). pa ... | 1995 | 8576675 |
| synthesis and anti-herpes virus activity of 2'-deoxy-4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides. | a series of 5-substituted 2'-deoxy-4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides was synthesized and evaluated as potential antiviral agents. a number of analogues such as 2'-deoxy-5-propyl-4'-thiouridine (3ii), 2'-deoxy-5-isopropyl-4'-thiouridine (3iii), 5-cyclopropyl-2'-deoxy-4'-thiouridine (3iv), 2'-deoxy-4'-thio-5-vinyluridine (3viii), and 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxy-4'-thiouridine (3xx) were found to be highly active against herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) in vitro with ... | 1996 | 8576922 |
| cost-consequence models for varicella-zoster virus infections. | three cost-consequence models were developed for treatment of infections due to varicella-zoster virus (vzv) with acyclovir in immunocompetent patients--adult- and childhood-onset chickenpox, and herpes zoster (shingles) in adults. for chickenpox, separate models allow examination of differences in severity and impact of the disease for children and adults, as well as in the management of civilians and adults in military service. each model includes direct medical costs, indirect costs and healt ... | 1995 | 8577631 |
| varicella vaccine. | | 1995 | 8578813 |
| molecular evidence for the existence of disseminated zoster as a distinct entity in an immunosuppressed renal transplant patient. | immunosuppressed renal transplant recipient are at substantially increased risk for the development of varicella zoster virus infections. they are also more prone than immunocompetent patients to develop atypical zoster and to experience a protracted course, and among them there is a higher frequency of generalized infections with possible fatal outcome. while establishing the diagnosis is essential to provide adequate therapy, conventional laboratory methods frequently fail to confirm the suspe ... | 1995 | 8581515 |
| myasthenia gravis, acute transverse myelitis, and htlv-i. | we present the unusual case of a 49-year-old female carrier of htlv-i with myasthenia gravis who presented with acute transverse myelitis. laboratory data suggested a recent infection with varicella zoster virus and demyelination by an autoimmune process in the central nervous system. adult t-cell leukemia-like cells were observed in the cerebrospinal fluid. t-cell-mediated immune responses modulated by htlv-i infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis and acute transvers ... | 1995 | 8583226 |
| over five-year follow-up of oka/merck varicella vaccine recipients in 465 infants and adolescents. | a total of 465 healthy infants and adolescents ages 12 months to 17 years without a known history of varicella or recent exposure to varicella-zoster virus vzv were immunized with live attenuated oka/merck varicella vaccine from november, 1984, through april, 1989. the vaccine administered was from 1 of 7 production lots containing from 950 to 3265 plaque-forming units and was well-tolerated with few side effects. the seroconversion rate for seronegative subjects was 94.6% (403 of 426). this var ... | 1995 | 8584315 |
| boosting immune response with a candidate varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein subunit vaccine. | a varicella-zoster virus (vzv) seropositive individual was immunized with 100 micrograms of purified vzv tgpi-511 glycoprotein subunit antigen formulated with monophosphoryl lipid a. serum samples were obtained during a 40-day period post-immunization (pi) and analysed by immunoprecipitation and virus neutralization tests. the results from immunoprecipitation studies revealed an increase in vzv anti-gpi antibody titer as early as 6 days pi which continued to rise during 40 days pi. in addition, ... | 1995 | 8585290 |
| tubulointerstitial nephritis with uveitis syndrome following varicella zoster reactivation. | | 1995 | 8587642 |
| foscarnet-resistant multidermatomal zoster in a patient with aids. | | 1995 | 8589182 |
| inflammatory diseases of the mucous membranes. part 1. viral and fungal infections. | with the advent of modern molecular biology and advances in immunology, the pathogenesis of oral mucosal disease processes has become significantly more clear, allowing reliable diagnostic criteria and more precisely targeted management strategies. this paper reviews current findings relative to pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of viral and fungal infections of the oral mucous membranes. | 1994 | 8598526 |
| immunogenicity and safety of a live attenuated varicella vaccine in healthy indian children aged 9-24 months. | to investigate the safety of live attenuated varicella vaccine (oka strain) and the optimal virus titre/dose required for immunogenicity in healthy south african children. | 1995 | 8600589 |
| establishment of varivax pregnancy registry. from the centers for disease control and prevention. | | 1996 | 8601915 |
| establishment of varivax pregnancy registry. | | 1996 | 8606684 |
| nested polymerase chain reaction for detection of hepatitis c virus rna in blood derivatives. | testing for the presence of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in blood derivatives used in clinical medicine is of enormous importance to ensure the production of safe preparations. so far, no system has been developed for the isolation and detection of hepatitis c virus from blood derivatives. the recently introduced commercial kit for the detection of hepatitis c virus is designed for the isolation and detection of virus from blood serum. a reliable and reproducible method for the isolation of hepatitis ... | 1995 | 8608196 |
| development of live attenuated varicella vaccine. | | 1995 | 8608424 |
| human herpesvirus-6-associated exanthema in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia. | summary: we report the first case of human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) associated exanthema in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (all). we analysed dna extracted from an exanthematous lesion using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). dna was positive for hhv-6 but negative for herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, and cytomegalovirus. immunohistochemical staining of the skin with monoclonal antibody against (hhv-6 confirmed the infection. the possibility of hhv-6 infection should be c ... | 1996 | 8616091 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a combined live attenuated measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine (mmr(ii)v) in healthy children. | an investigational tetravalent combined measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccine and measles-mumps-rubella and varicella vaccines at separate injection sites given at the same visit were evaluated with respect to safety and cell-mediated and humoral immune responses at 6 weeks and 1 year after vaccination. varicella seroconversion rates and lymphocyte proliferation responses were 100% for both vaccine groups at 6 weeks and 1 year. however, the antibody titer to varicella was lower in the c ... | 1996 | 8627041 |
| placental transfer and maternally acquired neonatal igg immunity in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | transplacental transfer of specific igg antibodies was studied in 46 pairs of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-seropositive women and their neonates and in 53 pairs of healthy hiv-seronegative mothers and their newborns. neonatal and maternal sera were assessed by nephelometry for total levels of serum igg and by elisa for igg antibodies to herpes simplex virus (hsv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), measles virus, tetanus toxoid, streptolysin o, and streptococcus pneumoniae capsular ant ... | 1996 | 8627057 |
| famciclovir for the treatment of herpes zoster. | | 1996 | 8627199 |
| induction of varicella-zoster virus-neutralizing antibodies in mice by co-infection with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the gh or gl gene. | recombinant vaccinia viruses (vv) expressing the varicella-zoster virus (vzv) glycoprotein h (gh) or glycoprotein l (gl) were constructed. the 94 kda gh intermediate glycoprotein was synthesized in cell cultures infected with the vv-gh recombinant, but only co-infection with both recombinants resulted in the synthesis of the fully processed 118 kda gh molecule. the vv-expressed gh and gl formed a complex that displayed the conformational neutralization epitope detectable by means of human vzv gh ... | 1996 | 8627224 |
| varicella-zoster virus (vzv) transcription during latency in human ganglia: detection of transcripts mapping to genes 21, 29, 62, and 63 in a cdna library enriched for vzv rna. | information on the extent of virus dna transcription and translation in infected tissue is crucial to an understanding of herpesvirus latency. to detect low-abundance latent varicella-zoster virus (vzv) transcripts, poly(a)+ rna extracted from latently infected human trigeminal ganglia was enriched for vzv transcripts by hybridization to biotinylated vzv dna. after hybridization, the rna-dna hybrid was isolated by binding to avidin-coated beads and extensively washed, and the rna was released by ... | 1996 | 8627753 |
| vaccinia virus a17l open reading frame encodes an essential component of nascent viral membranes that is required to initiate morphogenesis. | we generated an antiserum to the predicted c-terminal peptide of the a17l open reading frame (orf), which encodes a 23-kda polypeptide with hydrophobic regions characteristic of membrane proteins. immuno-electron microscopy of infected cells indicated that the a17l protein is intimately associated with the earliest characteristic viral membranes, even those formed in the presence of the drug rifampin. to study the role of the a17l protein in morphogenesis, we constructed recombinant vaccinia vir ... | 1996 | 8627754 |
| varicella vaccine: rationale and indications for use. | the recently released varicella vaccine is effective and cost-effective. routine immunization with one dose of varicella vaccine is now indicated for all children 12 months to 18 months of age. catch-up immunization for children 18 months to 12 years of age is indicated if the child does not have a history of chickenpox. for susceptible persons over 12 years of age, two doses given four to eight weeks apart are recommended. because the varicella vaccine contains live virus, proper evaluation for ... | 1996 | 8629544 |
| identification and analysis of the simian varicella virus thymidine kinase gene. | the thymidine kinase (tk) of herpesviruses, in contrast to cellular tks, phosphorylates a variety of substrates including antiherpetic nucleoside analogues. this study reports the identification and dna sequence of the simian varicella virus (svv) tk gene. a 32p-labeled varicella zoster virus (vzv) tk dna probe hybridized to the hindiii b subclone of the svv bamhi b restriction endonuclease (re) fragment, indicating the presence of a svv dna sequence homologous to the vzv tk gene. dna sequence a ... | 1996 | 8629950 |
| recent corticosteroid use and the risk of complicated varicella in otherwise immunocompetent children. | to determine whether recent corticosteroid use was associated with an increased risk of complicated varicella-zoster virus infection in otherwise immunocompetent children. | 1996 | 8634737 |
| immunohistochemical identification of varicella-zoster virus gene 63-encoded protein (ie63) and late (ge) protein on smears and cutaneous biopsies: implications for diagnostic use. | early and specific recognition of varicella zoster virus (vzv) infection is of vital concern in immunocompromised patients. the aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of histochemical and immunohistochemical identification of the vzv orf63 encoded protein (ie63) and of the vzv late protein ge on smears and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded skin sections taken from lesions clinically diagnosed as varicella (n = 15) and herpes zoster (n = 51). microscopic examinations of tzanck sm ... | 1995 | 8636701 |
| [visceral and neurological complications in varicella infections of adults]. | primary varicella-zoster virus (vzv) infections in adults generally follow a more severe course than in children and are more often associated with life-threatening complications. in the years 1992 to 1995 we observed 7 immunocompetent adults with a severe course of primary vzv infection. all 7 patients presented initially with a characteristic rash. in 6 patients the diagnosis of vzv was confirmed by elisa on material taken from the lesions, and in all of them it was confirmed by serology. the ... | 1996 | 8643943 |
| [virological diagnostics in acute encephalitis. experience with nucleic acid detection and ratio examination during the period 1991-94]. | in every single case of acute encephalitis it is important to confirm the clinical diagnosis by means of virological investigations. previously, examination by brain biopsy was regarded as the gold standard for detecting the presence of virus or virus antigen in suspected cases of encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus, but the extraction of the sample material requires experience, and is not without risk. in recent years, detection of herpes simplex dna using the polymerase chain reaction ... | 1996 | 8644072 |
| serologic and polymerase chain reaction analysis of intraocular fluids in the diagnosis of infectious uveitis. | infectious uveitis entities are usually rapidly progressive blinding diseases that can be prevented by prompt administration of specific antimicrobial therapy. with the aim of improving early diagnosis in patients with infectious uveitis, intraocular fluid samples from patients with sight-threatening posterior uveitis were investigated to determine the causative agent. | 1996 | 8644808 |
| herpes zoster as the initial presentation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in kenya. | we conducted a prospective observational study to determine the clinical features, the degree of immunosuppression, and the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection associated with herpes zoster in kenya. the study included 196 hiv-1 positive individuals and 34 hiv-1 negative individuals between the ages of 16 and 50 years who presented to a referral clinic in nairobi. comparison of the clinical characteristics in the two groups found that the duration of illness in th ... | 1995 | 8645797 |
| chronic varicella-zoster virus myelitis without cutaneous eruption in a patient with aids: report of a fatal case. | we describe a fatal case of varicella-zoster virus myelitis that was preceded by neurological symptoms for 10 months in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection and an extremely low cd4 cell count (20/microl). the patient was also receiving chronic acylovir therapy for suppression of herpes complex. despite chronic unilateral periauricular and facial pain, which was later accompanied by upper- and lower-extremity weakness, a cutaneous eruption never developed. it is hypothesized tha ... | 1995 | 8645852 |
| identification and characterization of the pseudorabies virus ul3.5 protein, which is involved in virus egress. | alphaherpesvirus genomes exhibit a generally collinear gene arrangement, and most of their genes are conserved among the different members of the subfamily. among the exceptions is the ul3.5 gene of pseudorabies virus (prv) for which positional homologs have been detected in the genomes of varicella-zoster virus, equine herpesvirus 1, and bovine herpesvirus 1 but not in the genomes of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. to identify and characterize the predicted 224 amino acid ul3.5 protein of p ... | 1996 | 8648685 |
| properties of the protein encoded by the ul32 open reading frame of herpes simplex virus 1. | the functions previously assigned to the essential herpes simplex virus 1 ul32 protein were in cleavage and/or packaging of viral dna and in maturation and/or translocation of viral glycoproteins to the plasma membrane. the amino acid sequence predicts n-linked glycosylation sites and sequences conserved in aspartyl proteases and in zinc-binding proteins. we report the following. (i) the 596-amino-acid ul32 protein accumulated predominantly in the cytoplasm of infected cells but was not metaboli ... | 1996 | 8648731 |
| management of the presumed susceptible varicella (chickenpox)-exposed gravida: a cost-effectiveness/cost-benefit analysis. | to compare the cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit of different strategies for managing the presumed susceptible varicella (chickenpox)-exposed gravida. | 1996 | 8649701 |
| sequence and expression of a bovine herpesvirus-1 gene homologous to the glycoprotein k-encoding gene of herpes simplex virus-1. | in the bovine herpes virus-1 (bhv-1) genome, a gene equivalent to the glycoprotein k (gk)-encoding gene of other herpesviruses was identified and sequenced. the primary translation product is predicted to comprise 338 amino acids (aa) and to exhibit a molecular mass of 37.5 kda. it possesses characteristics typical for membrane glycoproteins including a potential cleavable signal sequence, three transmembrane domains and two potential n-linked glycosylation sites. comparison to the gk proteins o ... | 1996 | 8654942 |
| the viral thymidine kinase gene as a tool for the study of mutagenesis in trypanosoma brucei. | we have tested the use of thymidine kinase as a negative selection system for trypanosoma brucei. to this end we have targeted a construct containing a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene into the ribosomal dna array of procyclic t. brucei. this resulted in tk activity 30-50-fold above background and in susceptibility to the nucleoside analogues ganciclovir, ethyl-deoxyuridine and 1-[2-deoxy,2-fluoro-8-d-arabinofuranosyl]-5-iodouracil, all of which have no effect on wild-type trypano ... | 1996 | 8657559 |
| recommended childhood immunization schedule--united states, january-june 1996. | in january 1995, the recommended childhood immunization schedule, developed by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) the american academy of pediatrics (aap), and the american academy of family physicians (aafp), was published. this unified schedule represented the first such schedule developed through a collaborative process among the recommending groups, the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry, and the food and drug administration. this process is intended to maintain a com ... | 1996 | 8665759 |
| prevention of varicella: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip). centers for disease control and prevention. | these recommendations represent the first statement by the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) on the use of live, attenuated varicella virus vaccine--varivax--manufactured by merck and company, inc. and licensed in march 1995 for use in healthy persons > or = 12 months of age. in addition to presenting information regarding vaccine, this statement updates previous recommendations concerning the use of varicella zoster immune globulin (vzig) as prophylaxis against varicella (mmwr ... | 1996 | 8668119 |
| distribution of varicella zoster virus and herpes simplex virus in disseminated fatal infections. | to study the cutaneous and visceral distribution of herpes simplex virus (hsv) and varicella zoster virus (vzv) in fatal infections. | 1996 | 8675738 |