| pharmacokinetics of danofloxacin following intravenous and intramuscular administration in donkeys. | | 2009 | 19161463 |
| clinical dental findings in 203 working donkeys in mexico. | clinical dental examinations of 203 unsedated working donkeys in tropical and temperate climatic areas in mexico revealed a high prevalence (62%) of dental disease with sharp enamel points present in 98% of the animals. more significant dental disorders (diastemata, 4%; overgrown teeth, 18%; worn teeth, 16%; missing teeth, 0.5%; displaced teeth, 1.5%; fractured teeth, 2%) with welfare implications that required immediate treatment were also present in 18% of donkeys. the high prevalence of bucca ... | 2008 | 18977674 |
| a survey of seasonal patterns in strongyle faecal worm egg counts of working equids of the central midlands and lowlands, ethiopia. | a study was conducted for two consecutive years (1998-1999) to determine the seasonal patterns of strongyle infection in working donkeys of ethiopia. for the purpose 2385 donkeys from midland and lowland areas were examined for the presence of parasitic ova. a hundred percent prevalence of strongyle infection with similar seasonal pattern of strongyle faecal worm egg output was obtained in all study areas. however, seasonal variations in the number of strongyle faecal worm egg output were observ ... | 2008 | 18975128 |
| [when children become "pack donkeys" for school supplies]. | | 2008 | 18757040 |
| post mortem survey of dental disorders in 349 donkeys from an aged population (2005-2006). part 2: epidemiological studies. | dental disorders have recently been recognised as having major clinical and welfare implications in donkeys. however, no investigation appears to have examined the association of dental disorders with managemental factors and any intercurrent illness. | 2008 | 18089472 |
| laparoscopic ovariectomy in standing donkeys by using a new instrument. | bilateral laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in six female donkeys. laparoscopic ovariectomy was performed in standing position by using a new laparoscopic instrument which was developed by the authors. we used the instrument for isolation, coagulation and cutting of mesovarium. one laparoscope portal and two instrument portals were located in each paralumbar fossa. the ovary was removed through an enlarged second portal. the contralateral ovary was removed through the opposite paralumbar fo ... | 2008 | 17644283 |
| vitamin e deficiency and decreased serum immunoglobulin concentrations in a population of donkeys. | | 2007 | 17308021 |
| brighty, donkeys and conservation in the grand canyon. | the grand canyon is a vast place. it is almost incomprehensible in size. and yet it can also seem strangely crowded. millions of tourists flock to the grand canyon in northern arizona every year. in 1999, almost 5 million people visited, the highest figure in canyon history. and each one of them expected to see a wild, free and untrammelled landscape. despite the obvious natural resources, this expectation has proved anything but easy to satisfy. the us national park service (nps), responsible f ... | 2006 | 16904748 |
| serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and calciotropic hormones in donkeys. | to provide reference values for serum biochemical variables that are used for evaluation of mineral metabolism in donkeys and compare values with those in horses. | 2006 | 16881844 |
| cutaneous histoplasmosis in 13 ethiopian donkeys. | | 2006 | 16782861 |
| plasma disposition and faecal excretion of oxfendazole, fenbendazole and albendazole following oral administration to donkeys. | fenbendazole (fbz), oxfendazole (fenbendazole sulphoxide, fbzso), and albendazole (abz) were administered orally to donkeys at 10mg/kg bodyweight. blood and faecal samples were collected from 1 to 120 h post-treatment. the plasma and faecal samples were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). the parent molecule and its sulphoxide and sulphone (fbzso(2)) metabolites did not reach detectable concentrations in any plasma samples following fbz administration. abz was also not det ... | 2006 | 16772142 |
| efficacy of parenteral administration of ivermectin in the control of strongylidosis in donkeys. | investigations into the efficacy of parenteral ivermectin (pandex) administration for strongylidosis control in donkeys were carried out. the preparation was applied subcutaneously at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg (1 ml/50 kg body weight). one day prior to the treatment and 14 days post-treatment, individual coprological samples were obtained for faecal nematode egg counts and larval culture. the study was performed on 263 donkeys originating from different regions of bulgaria. prior to the treatment and ... | 2005 | 16642718 |
| the importance of assessing pain in horses and donkeys. | | 2006 | 16411578 |
| mucosal surface area and fermentation activity in the hind gut of hydrated and chronically dehydrated working donkeys. | the effects of mild chronic dehydration on fermentation rate and mucosal surface area in the cecum, dorsa and ventral colon, and descending colon of the hindgut were investigated in south african donkeys (n = 11) in agricultural work. dehydration representing a 6% drop in bw (n = 6) was associated with increased fermentation activity in the cecum (252 +/- 22.9 vs. 161 +/- 13.5 micromol/g of dm.h(-1), p < 0.01) and enhanced fluid retention in the ventral colon (0.81 +/- 0.026 vs. 0.73 +/- 0.034 m ... | 2006 | 16361498 |
| live weight estimation of donkeys in central mexico from measurement of thoracic circumference. | body measurements (length from nape of neck to the withers; height to withers; length from withers to tail root; length from shoulder to tuber ischii; thoracic circumference; umbilical circumference) were taken and correlated with live weight from 160 donkeys (mean +/- standard deviation = 6 +/- 2.6 years old) in central mexico. the age was assessed from dentition. sex of the donkeys was also recorded. sex was an important factor of variation (p = 0.011). live weight was estimated using two allo ... | 2005 | 16335077 |
| participatory study on feeding strategies for working donkeys used by campesino farmers in the highlands of central mexico. | the aim of this work was to describe the feeding strategies for donkeys used by peasant farmers in central mexico. feeding strategies for the dry and wet seasons are described, as well as the nutritional characteristics of the main forages and supplements used by the farmers. the extent to which the feeding practices used by farmers matched the digestible energy and crude protein requirements of donkeys for maintenance and work was determined. it was concluded that grazing on native grassland co ... | 2005 | 16335076 |
| seasonal variation in the parasite burden and body condition of working donkeys in east shewa and west shewa regions of ethiopia. | a survey of donkeys arriving at markets in three localities in east and west shewa regions of central ethiopia was carried out during 2002. total faecal worm egg counts and body condition scores were measured for a total of 963 donkeys over a 12-month period. total faecal worm egg counts did not differ significantly between localities but there was significant (p < 0.001) seasonal variation within localities. levels of helminth infection closely followed rainfall patterns, being lowest (956 eggs ... | 2005 | 16335070 |
| behavioural assessment of pain in horses and donkeys: application to clinical practice and future studies. | | 2005 | 16295937 |
| plasma pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion of ivermectin (eqvalan paste) and doramectin (dectomax, 1%) following oral administration in donkeys. | ivermectin (ivm- eqvalan paste, 1.87%) and doramectin (drm-dectomax 1%) were each administered orally to donkeys at 200 microgkg(-1) bodyweight. blood and faecal samples were collected at predetermined times over 30 days and plasma pharmacokinetics and faecal excretion determined. maximum plasma concentrations (c(max)) of ivm (23.6 ngml(-1)) and drm (33.9 ngml(-1)) were obtained at (t(max)) 19.2 and 24h, respectively. the area under the concentration curve (auc) of drm (228.9 ngdayml(-1)) was si ... | 2005 | 16054893 |
| when zebras become painted donkeys: grammatical gender and semantic priming interact during picture integration in a spoken spanish sentence. | this study investigates the contribution of grammatical gender to integrating depicted nouns into sentences during on-line comprehension, and whether semantic congruity and gender agreement interact using two tasks: naming and semantic judgement of pictures. native spanish speakers comprehended spoken spanish sentences with an embedded line drawing, which replaced a noun that either made sense or not with the preceding sentence context and either matched or mismatched the gender of the preceding ... | 2005 | 22773871 |
| on donkeys, ingratiates, thinkers and...clinical development units. | clinical development units celebrate nurses as thinkers and nursing as a highly skilled professional activity. they are typified by the exploration and development of therapeutic, consumer-focused and research-based practice and participatory governance. establishing and maintaining them, therefore, can be problematic in health care facilities typified by centralism, autocracy and nurses' disempowerment. in this type of facility nurses are treated like donkeys and/or ingratiates. what cdus are, ... | 2000 | 11855453 |
| seasonal variations in the abundance of gasterophilus spp. larvae in donkeys in northern jordan. | one hundred and five donkeys were examined over a 12-month period for the presence of gasterophilus spp. larvae in their stomachs. g. intestinalis and g. nasalis were found, but there was a distinct seasonal variation in their abundance. the numbers of second-stage larvae (l2) peaked during the early winter and early summer, but they were absent or at low levels during the early spring and early autumn. this suggests that there are two periods of adult fly activity (late autumn and late spring) ... | 2001 | 11770204 |
| a comparison of three combinations of injectable anesthetics in miniature donkeys. | to compare three combinations of injectable anesthetics in miniature donkeys for quality of induction, recovery, muscle relaxation, cardiopulmonary changes during anesthesia and duration of recumbency. design  prospective, randomized experimental study. | 2002 | 28404267 |
| histopathological studies on neoplasms in the genital tract of female donkeys in egypt. | the genital tracts of 165 female donkeys were collected and examined with special concern to neoplasms. ovarian neoplasms were found in 12 cases (7.72%). a granulosa cell tumor was found in one case (0.61%). a cavernous haemangioma was found in 11 cases (6.67%). uterine neoplasms were found in 14 cases (8.84%). endometrial polyps and fibroleiomyoma were found in one case (0.61%) each. leiomyoma was found in 2 cases (1.21%). cavernous haemangioma was found in 10 cases (6.06%), and cervical polyps ... | 2003 | 11413706 |
| clinical and pathologic findings in donkeys with hypothermia: 10 cases (1988-1998). | to describe clinical signs and clinicopathologic findings in donkeys with hypothermia. | 2000 | 10707690 |
| effect of density and weight of load on the energy cost of carrying loads by donkeys and ponies. | two experiments were designed to compare the energy used in carrying loads by donkeys and ponies. in the first experiment 3 donkeys and 3 ponies were compared on treadmills in the uk. density of load (lead shot or straw) had no significant effect on the energy cost of carrying loads; however, the energy cost of carrying a load decreased significantly (p < 0.001) as the weight of the load increased (in donkeys 6.44, 4.35 and 3.03 j/kg load/m, in ponies 5.82, 3.75 and 3.68 j/kg load/m, for loads o ... | 1998 | 9719832 |
| conformation defects in draught donkeys. | | 1998 | 9634713 |
| pharmacokinetics and cardiopulmonary effects of guaifenesin in donkeys. | five donkeys and three horses were given guaifenesin, intravenously, by gravity administration, until recumbency was produced. the time and dose required to produce recumbency, recovery time to sternal and standing were recorded. blood samples were collected for guaifenesin assay at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 min, and 2, 3, 4 and 6 h after guaifenesin administration. serum was analysed for guaifenesin using hplc and pharmacokinetic values were calculated using a computer software package (rstrip). i ... | 1997 | 9430767 |
| overloading of donkeys. | | 1997 | 9447682 |
| comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine and three metabolites in clinically normal horses and donkeys. | to determine whether clearance of capacity-limited drugs in horses differs from that in donkeys by comparing the serum disposition of caffeine and its metabolites, theophylline, theobromine, and paraxanthine after i.v. administration of caffeine to horses and donkeys. | 1997 | 9256975 |
| longitudinal and cross-sectional studies to evaluate the risk of sarcoid associated with castration. | in order to investigate whether gender and castration have an effect on the time to the development of sarcoids, a retrospective study in a population of donkeys was conducted using survival analysis techniques. univariable kaplan meier product limit curves identified males as having significantly lower survival probability, or higher risk of developing sarcoids, than females (p < 0.01). cox's proportional hazard model was used to assess the effect of age at entry to the population whilst simult ... | 1997 | 9114958 |
| survival analysis approach to risk factors associated with hyperlipemia in donkeys. | to investigate the effect of gender, body condition, and age as risk factors for the development of hyperlipemia in a population of donkeys. | 1996 | 8870744 |
| pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in donkeys. | | 1996 | 8735430 |
| estimation of the liveweight and body condition of working donkeys in morocco. | the age, sex, liveweight and body measurements (heart girth, umbilical girth, height, length from elbow to tuber ischii and circumference of the foreleg cannon bone) of 516 donkeys used to transport goods in morocco were recorded. there were few donkeys over 12 years of age. for adult donkeys weighing from 74 to 252 kg, the best equation with only one variable for predicting liveweight was: liveweight (kg) = heart girth (cm)2.65/2188. the inclusion of two variables improved the prediction margin ... | 1996 | 8686139 |
| preliminary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies on flunixin meglumine in donkeys. | | 1996 | 8908727 |
| the sedative and analgesic effects of detomidine (domosedan) in donkeys. | detomidine (domosedan) was administered to four groups of donkeys, using four different dosages (5, 10, 20 and 40 micrograms/kg bwt) intravenously. the drug provided adequate sedation at dosages of 5 and 10 micrograms/kg bwt. sedation deepened only slightly by increasing the dose. analgesia was considered good with a dose of 20 micrograms/kg, and 40 micrograms/kg provided a deep analgesia associated with a longer duration. no significant changes had been observed in haematocrit (pcv), haemoglobi ... | 1995 | 8578910 |
| tapeworm infection in donkeys. | | 1995 | 7638940 |
| intravenous disposition kinetics, oral and intramuscular bioavailability and urinary excretion of norfloxacin nicotinate in donkeys. | an aqueous solution of norfloxacin nicotinate (nfn) was administered to donkeys (aquus asinus) intravenously (once at 10 mg/kg), intramuscularly and orally (both routes once at 10 and 20 mg/kg, and for 5 days at 20 mg/kg/day). blood samples were collected at predetermined times after each treatment and urine was sampled after intravenous drug administration. serum nfn concentrations were determined by microbiological assay. intravenous injection of nfn over 45-60 s resulted in seizures, profuse ... | 1995 | 7629923 |
| transport-induced stress responses in fed and fasted donkeys. | plasma endocrine and metabolic responses to transport for 30 minutes and four hours were investigated in six fed donkeys. in the unstressed animals there was a pulsatile secretion of cortisol at two-hour intervals, from minima of 51.4 +/- 17.6 nmol litre-1 to maxima of 160.0 +/- 11.0 nmol litre-1, but during transport this pulsatility was lost and the animals' stress response was characterised by steady high concentrations of 110 to 220 nmol litre-1. the cortisol concentration decreased after th ... | 1995 | 7761693 |
| plasma disposition of amikacin and interactions with gastrointestinal microflora in equidae following intravenous and oral administration. | amikacin was detectable (> 0.02 micrograms/ml) in plasma for 12 h in horses and donkeys and for 8 h in ponies following intravenous (i.v.) administration at a dose rate of 6 mg/kg bodyweight. the elimination half-life (harmonic mean) of amikacin was 2.8, 1.6 and 1.9 h in horses, ponies and donkeys, respectively, and the mean body clearance was relatively slow (45.2, 82.4 and 58.0 ml/h.kg, respectively). a suitable dosage interval for the i.v. administration of amikacin sulphate to horses, ponies ... | 1994 | 7966549 |
| morphometric analysis of sardinian breed donkeys. | the main somatometric characteristics of 15 sardinian breed adult donkeys (6 male and 9 female) were studied. analysis of the somatic measurements and zoometric indexes show subjects of small build of a mesomorph constitutional type. dimorphism between the sexes is slight and is limited to the rump area. the number of donkeys still to be found in sardinia is greatly reduced and urgent measures are needed to safeguard its animal genetic resource. | 2003 | 7857604 |
| | donkey work: 'the ward round' by achille formis, is one of the paintings on show at the wellcome foundation in euston road, london nw1, as part of the look out! exhibition which 'explores experiences on the edge'. it moves to berkshire on april 27. | 1994 | 27669845 |
| dust, doctors, donkeys. | | 1994 | 7942390 |
| estimating the bodyweight of donkeys. | | 1993 | 8460461 |
| disposition of ampicillin sodium in horses, ponies and donkeys after intravenous administration. | | 1992 | 9109963 |
| energy reserves and parity of nomadic and settled turkana women. | members of the turkana tribe include settled and nomadic peoples who reside in the southern part of turkana district in the semiarid region of northwest kenya. nomadic ngisonyoka turkana keep livestock (camels, cattle, sheep, goats, donkeys), subsist principally on livestock products, and move camps frequently in search of forage for the livestock; settled turkana cultivate foods along the principal rivers. both nomadic and settled turkana are subject to limited food resources on seasonal and lo ... | 1992 | 28524637 |
| intake, digestion and gastrointestinal transit time in resting donkeys and ponies and exercised donkeys given ad libitum hay and straw diets. | four donkeys and four ponies maintained in climate rooms, were provided with meadow hay or barley straw supplemented with minerals and vitamins ad libitum. both diets were given to all animals for periods of 21 days. measurements were made during the last seven days following single doses of two non-absorbable markers (cr-fibre and co-edta). after six weeks the donkeys repeated the trial, walking 14 km and ascending 260 m five days per week. at rest ponies ate more than donkeys, however the donk ... | 1991 | 1959523 |
| 'donkeys' and dinner duty. | | 2016 | 2235603 |
| disposition of oxytetracycline in horses, ponies and donkeys after intravenous administration. | | 1990 | 2209525 |
| [left-ventricular bypass: characteristics of homeostasis]. | experiments were conducted on donkeys to study the peculiarities of homeostasis in establishment of left ventricular bypass (lvb) by means of an artificial heart ventricle (ahv). preliminary modelling of acute cardiac insufficiency makes the work of the ahv effective and ensures longer survival than that among intact animals. however, arterial hypertension and anemia accompanying prolonged work of the ahv and resulting from the interaction of the last named with the cardiovascular system sharply ... | 1990 | 2357402 |
| a comparison between the digestibility of hay by donkeys and ponies. | | 1990 | 2206326 |
| disposition of triclabendazole in horses, ponies and donkeys. | | 1989 | 2767035 |
| donkeys and elephants. | | 1988 | 3059203 |
| comparison of early conceptus mobility between mares and jennies. | the caracteristics of early intrauterine mobility of the conceptus were compared between ponies (n = 9) and donkeys (n = 9). the extensive mobility of the early conceptus, previously reported for ponies and horses, was found in donkeys as well. there were no significant differences between donkeys and ponies in the characteristics or patterns of mobility. however, the mean day of fixation was approximately one day later (p<0.05) in donkeys (day 15.6 +/- 0.3) than in ponies (day 14.7 +/- 0.2). | 1988 | 16726412 |
| [establishment of a re-entrant ileo-cecal fistula in equidae]. | a re-entrant cannulation of the digestive tract was performed in equidae (ponies and donkeys) between the distal extremity of the ileum and the base of the caecum. the operative technique was conceived to avoid risks of infection of the peritoneal cavity: the openings of the ileum and of the caecum were achieved only after the closure of the abdominal wall incision. two donkeys were still alive ten months after the operation. this method can provide a convenient model for digestibility studies i ... | 1987 | 3579180 |
| [note on gasterophilosis in donkeys in burkina faso]. | | 1986 | 3589069 |
| strategic use of anthelmintics in working donkeys in mediterranean climatic conditions. | | 1985 | 4082438 |
| energy metabolism in the erythrocytes of donkeys. | | 1985 | 3940155 |
| [strongylid infections of donkeys in germany: seasonal dynamic studies of egg output]. | | 1984 | 6475402 |
| [intestinal parasites and lungworms of donkeys in germany: age-related evaluation of the extent of infections and species composition]. | | 1984 | 6376048 |
| anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole in donkeys assessed by the modified non-parametric method. | | 1982 | 7175906 |
| studies of feral donkeys in the victoria river-kimberleys area. observations on behaviour, reproduction and habitat and some possible control strategies. | | 1981 | 7337594 |
| behavioral, follicular and gonadotropin changes during the estrous cycle in donkeys. | sexual behavior, follicular development and ovulation, and concentrations of circulating gonadotropins during the estrous cycle were studied during the summer in 7 jennies. mean behavioral estrous length was 6.4 +/- 0.6 days (mean +/- sem, n=19; 5.6 +/- 0.5 days preovulatory and 0.8 +/- 0.2 days post-ovulatory). mean diestrous length was 19.3 +/- 0.6 days (n=14). females in estrus typically showed posturing, mouth clapping, clitoral winking, urinating and tail raising. mouth clapping began appro ... | 1981 | 16725637 |
| cryptorchidism and malformations of the scrotum and testes of donkeys. | scrotal palpations of 274 donkeys revealed 74 cases of cryptorchidism, which is an incidence of approximately 30%. three donkeys were found without scrotum evident and with ectopic testes. the histological changes in the ectopic testes were noted. | 1981 | 16725583 |
| donkeys, carrots, and sticks. some approaches to employee motivation. | | 2010 | 6900905 |
| a herd of vocational donkeys. | | 1979 | 254227 |
| metabolic clearance rate, production rate, and source of progesterone in donkeys with fetuses of different genotypes. | | 1977 | 592301 |
| plasma testosterone levels in donkeys in the tropics. | | 1977 | 874414 |
| anaesthetising donkeys. | | 1977 | 878264 |
| anaesthetising donkeys. | | 1977 | 878239 |
| effect of pretest temperature on aerosol penetration and clearance in donkeys. | pretest temperature and humidity were correlated with tracheobronchial particle penetration and clearance data from donkeys housed in unheated outdoor facilities and tested after spending 1-2 h in a temperature- and humidity-controlled laboratory. the animals inhaled an inert insoluble radioisotope-labeled monodisperse aerosol for several minutes. its retention was monitored continuously for 3 h by external gamma detection. aerosol deposition pattern and bronchial clearance were linearly correla ... | 1976 | 1002646 |
| epidural anaesthesia in donkeys. | epidural anaesthesia was tested on 40 donkeys. the second intercoccygeal space was found suitable for satisfactory induction and a dose of 8 to 10 ml of 1 per cent procaine hydrochloride was recommended for inducing posterior epidural anaesthesia and 30 ml of 2 per cent for anterior epidural anaesthesia. | 1975 | 1216437 |
| effects of fluorocarbons 11 and 12 on tracheobronchial particle deposition and clearance in donkeys. | donkeys were exposed to trichlorofluoromethane (fc11), dichlorodifluoromethane (fc12) and an equivolume mixture of the two to determine their effects on tracheobronchial particle deposition and mucociliary clearance. there was no statistically significant evidence of changes beyond those variations observed in corresponding air control tests. | 1975 | 1211361 |
| are carrots and sticks for donkeys, or for doctors? | | 1974 | 18747347 |
| studies on lachrymal histoplasmosis in donkeys in egypt. | | 1973 | 4770094 |
| production of antibodies against hepatitis-associated antigen in donkeys. | | 1973 | 4201743 |
| the examination of donkeys. | | 1972 | 5039478 |
| [study under certain african conditions of the antiparasitic effects of thiabendazole and other present anthelmintics. iv. digestive helminthiasis and gasterophiloses in donkeys]. | | 1972 | 5066269 |
| effect of cigarette smoke on particle transport on nasociliary mucosa on donkeys. | | 1970 | 5422321 |
| ["...women and donkeys shall suffer"]. | | 1966 | 5177962 |
| splenectomy of horses and donkeys. | | 1965 | 14330180 |
| [preparation of serum against poliomyelitis in donkeys; separation of immune gamma globulin and its value]. | | 1955 | 13403372 |
| [preliminary comparative investigations on endocrine secretion in mares mated with stallions and donkeys]. | | 1955 | 14391422 |
| epidemiological survey of equine influenza in andalusia, spain. | equine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease considered the most important respiratory disease in equids. although influenza a virus (iav) has caused outbreaks in equids worldwide, surveillance in these species in spain has not been conducted. a cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the individual and herd prevalence of antibodies against h3n8 and h7n7 iav in equids in andalusia (southern spain). antibodies againsts iav were measured by the single radial haemolysis as ... | 2018 | 29496107 |
| west nile virus associated with equid encephalitis in brazil, 2018. | mosquito-borne arboviruses are a major public health concern worldwide and are responsible for emerging and re-emerging diseases. taken together, the arboviruses have a strong impact on public health and are the most common causes of equine encephalitis. in-depth diagnostic investigation of equine viral encephalitis is of utmost importance for the epidemiological surveillance and control of this disease. regarding neurological disorders in equids, in april-may 2018, at least 12 cases of equid mo ... | 2019 | 30318735 |
| bearing the brunt: mongolian khulan (equus hemionus hemionus) are exposed to multiple influenza a strains. | the majority of influenza a virus strains are hosted in nature by avian species in the orders of anseriformes and charadriformes. a minority of strains have been able to cross species boundaries and establish themselves in novel non-avian hosts. influenza viruses of horses, donkeys, and mules represent such successful events of avian to mammal influenza virus adaptation. mongolia has over 3 million domestic horses and is home to two wild equids, the asiatic wild ass or khulan (equus hemionus hem ... | 2020 | 32122608 |
| utility of a fluid library with samples of humans, reservoirs and vectors collected in filter paper, for retrospective diagnosis of american trypanosomiasis in endemic areas of venezuela. | we define a fluid library as a library of samples of different biological fluids (from humans, animals or vectors) collected and properly stored on filter paper, which allows retrospective studies, especially of diagnosis or detection of infectious agents in these samples, using different techniques. the objective of this work was the retrospective diagnosis of american trypanosomiasis by pcr in a venezuelan endemic area using a fluid library. | 2020 | 32930930 |
| molecular diagnosis of trypanosoma cruzi/leishmania spp. coinfection in domestic, peridomestic and wild mammals of venezuelan co-endemic areas. | american trypanosomiasis and leishmaniases are diseases caused by protozoans of the trypanosomatidae family. in venezuela, although several endemic foci of both diseases coincide, there are no reports of coinfection in mammals. the molecular diagnosis of the coinfection t. cruzi-leishmania spp. was done in 527 blood samples collected on filter paper of several species of mammals (canis familiaris, equus asinus, didelphis marsupialis, equus mulus, rattus rattus, equus caballus, artibeus fratercul ... | 2018 | 31014717 |
| proline protects boar sperm against oxidative stress through proline dehydrogenase-mediated metabolism and the amine structure of pyrrolidine. | proline was reported to improve sperm quality in rams, stallions, cynomolgus monkeys, donkeys, and canines during cryopreservation. however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of proline on boar semen during liquid storage at 17 °c and explore the underlying mechanism. freshly ejaculated boar semen was supplemented with different concentrations of proline (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125 mm) and stored at 17 °c for nine days. sperm motility patt ... | 2020 | 32883027 |
| blood storage conditions affect hematological analysis in samples from healthy donkeys and donkeys with experimentally-induced endotoxemia. | preanalytical factors such as storage time and temperature are proved to induce marked artifactual changes in hematological parameters in horses, small animals and humans. these errors can mirror findings typical of endotoxemia, leading to dangerous misdiagnosis. since donkeys are common in warm climates and remote regions, blood samples from this species can be subjected to long lasting travels from the farm to the nearest laboratory, frequently under suboptimal conditions. moreover, as other e ... | 2020 | 33134340 |
| molecular characterization of the re-emerging west nile virus in avian species and equids in israel, 2018, and pathological description of the disease. | in this report we describe the molecular and pathological characteristics of west nile virus (wnv) infection that occurred during the summer and fall of 2018 in avian species and equines. wnv is reported in israel since the 1950s, with occasional outbreaks leading to significant morbidity and mortality in birds, high infection in horses and humans, and sporadic fatalities in humans. | 2020 | 33092614 |
| west nile virus neutralizing antibody prevalence in donkeys from northern nigeria. | this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of anti-west nile virus (wnv) neutralizing antibodies in donkeys from two areas in northern nigeria. | 2020 | 33053581 |
| probiotics and prebiotics in non-bovine milk. | probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate numbers, confer health benefit/s on the host, while prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that are selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms in the distal parts of the host digestive tract conferring health benefits. dairy products manufactured mainly using bovine milk is the major vehicle in delivering probiotics to humans. at present, there is an increasing demand for non-bovine probiotic milk pr ... | 2020 | 32892837 |
| toxoplasma gondii infections in horses, donkeys, and other equids: the last decade. | toxoplasma gondii infections are common in humans and animals worldwide. the present review summarizes worldwide information on the prevalence of clinical and subclinical infections, epidemiology, and genetic diversity of t. gondii in horses, donkeys and other equids in the past decade. this review will be of interest to biologists, parasitologists, veterinarians, and public health workers. | 2020 | 32799174 |
| enterocytozoon bieneusi in donkeys from xinjiang, china: prevalence, molecular characterization and the assessment of zoonotic risk. | enterocytozoon bieneusi, a zoonotic pathogen, has the potential to infect both immunocompromised and immunocompetent humans. it is found in large number of animals; however, not much is known regarding its prevalence in equine animals, particularly donkeys. this is the first molecular epidemiological evaluation of e. bieneusi in 178 free-ranging donkeys from five countrysides; and 502 farmed donkeys from 18 farms in 12 cities of xinjiang, china by nested pcr. | 2020 | 32576195 |
| no prescription, no problem! a mixed-methods study of antimicrobial stewardship relating to working equines in drug retail outlets of northern india. | multidrug resistance (mdr) is already occurring among some equids in india. donkeys and mules are a mobile species moving between regions and international borders, often populating areas of india where private community pharmacies, or medical stores, are the primary healthcare provider for both humans and animals. this article highlights how the capacities of drug retail outlet workers might affect their antibiotic dispensing practices, particularly in relation to donkeys and mules, in order to ... | 2020 | 32498385 |
| effect of vertebrate feces on the attraction of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) in an amazonian mangrove. | biting midges are of interest to public health because they play an important role as vectors of disease-causing pathogens, as well as being a biting nuisance to humans and domestic animals. although these insects are common in mangrove areas, they have not yet been studied in this ecosystem in the state of maranhão (ma), brazil. the objective of this study was to characterize the culicoides community structure found in a mangrove swamp and verify if the use of vertebrate feces as bait interfere ... | 2020 | 32492271 |
| seroprevalence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in domesticated animals in northwestern senegal. | crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) is a tick-borne disease that can be contracted by direct contact with viremic animals or humans. in west africa, recurrent cchf outbreaks have been constantly observed in mauritania and senegal. moreover, acquisition and epidemiology of the infection in humans are correlated with the occurrence and the seroprevalence of the virus in livestock. the main objective of this study is to provide updated information on the local spread of cchf in animals in the no ... | 2020 | 32429789 |
| identification of trypanosomatids and blood feeding preferences of phlebotomine sand fly species common in sicily, southern italy. | in this study, the presence of leishmania dna and blood feeding sources in phlebotomine sand fly species commonly present in sicily were investigated. a total of 1,866 female sand flies including 176 blood fed specimens were sampled over two seasons in five selected sites in sicily (southern italy). sergentomyia minuta (n = 1,264) and phlebotomus perniciousus (n = 594) were the most abundant species at all the sites, while three other species from the genus phlebotomus (i.e., p. sergenti n = 4, ... | 2020 | 32155171 |
| understanding the attitudes of communities to the social, economic, and cultural importance of working donkeys in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of ethiopia. | working donkeys (equus africanus asinus) are vital to the development and support of people's livelihoods in rural, peri-urban, and urban areas of ethiopia. however, despite their critical role in providing transport, food security, and income generation to some of the poorest and most marginalized households, donkey contributions to human livelihoods have been largely unexplored. donkey users, veterinary surgeons, business owners, and civil servants were interviewed to investigate the role huma ... | 2020 | 32118074 |