| preinduction of heat shock protein 70 protects mice against post-infection irritable bowel syndrome via nf-κb and nos/no signaling pathways. | this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of preinduction of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) on trichinella spiralis infection-induced post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) in mice. trichinella spiralis infection significantly reduced hsp70 abundance, ileal villus height and crypt depth, expression of tight junctions, serum lysine and arginine concentrations, and ileal scl7a6 and scl7a7 mrna levels, induced inflammatory response, and activated nf-κb signaling pathway. mean ... | 2015 | 26215736 |
| the red fox (vulpes vulpes) plays a minor role in the epidemiology of the domestic cycle of trichinella in romania. | nematode worms of the genus trichinella are zoonotic parasites with a worldwide distribution. the majority of the biomass of these nematodes circulates among wildlife, but when humans fail in the proper management of domestic animals and wildlife, trichinella infections are transmitted from the sylvatic to the domestic environment. such failures occur in romania, where a high prevalence of trichinella spiralis has been detected in domestic pigs. the aim of the present study was to provide data a ... | 2015 | 26185060 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of surface proteins of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae and intestinal infective larvae. | the critical step for trichinella spiralis infection is that muscle larvae (ml) are activated to intestinal infective larvae (iil) and invade intestinal epithelium to further develop. the iil is its first invasive stage, surface proteins are directly exposed to host environment and are crucial for larval invasion and development. in this study, shotgun lc-ms/ms was used to analyze surface protein profiles of ml and iil. totally, 41 proteins common to both larvae, and 85 ml biased and 113 iil bia ... | 2015 | 26184560 |
| sleep deprivation induces changes in immunity in trichinella spiralis-infected rats. | sleep is considered an important predictor of immunity. a lack of sleep may reduce immunity, which increases susceptibility to any type of infection. moreover, sleep deprivation in humans produces changes in both, the percent of circulating immune cells (t cells and nk cells) and cytokine levels (il-1, ifnγ, tnφ-αα, il-6 and il-17). the aim of our study was to investigate whether sleep deprivation produces deregulation on immune variables during the immune response generated against the helminth ... | 2015 | 26157345 |
| necrosis and apoptosis in trichinella spiralis-mediated tumour reduction. | it is known that infection with different pathogens, including helminths, can alter the progression of malignant or other diseases. we studied the effect of chronic trichinella spiralis infection or muscle larvae excretory-secretory (es l1) antigens on the malignant tumour growth in the mouse melanoma model system in vivo and in vitro. our results confirmed that chronic infection with t. spiralis possesses the capacity to slow down the progression of tumour growth, resulting in an impressive red ... | 2015 | 26155183 |
| secretory products of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae and immunomodulation: implication for autoimmune diseases, allergies, and malignancies. | trichinella spiralis has the unique ability to make itself "at home" by creating and hiding in a new type of cell in the host body that is the nurse cell. from this immunologically privileged place, the parasite orchestrates a long-lasting molecular cross talk with the host through muscle larvae excretory-secretory products (es l1). those products can successfully modulate parasite-specific immune responses as well as responses to unrelated antigens (either self or nonself in origin), providing ... | 2015 | 26114122 |
| identification and characterization of immunodominant linear epitopes on the antigenic region of a serine protease in newborn trichinella larvae. | an immunodominant serine protease of trichinella spiralis named nbl1 showed encouraging potential in early diagnosis of trichinellosis in pigs and elicited protective immune responses during infection of animals. to further define serological reagents for diagnostic use, the specific epitopes on nbl protein recognized by the antibody responses of different susceptible hosts need to be defined. the present study described comprehensive mapping of immunodominant linear epitopes in the antigenic re ... | 2016 | 25989815 |
| treatment with recombinant trichinella spiralis cathepsin b-like protein ameliorates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by promoting a switch from m1 to m2 macrophages. | intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) injury, in which macrophages play a key role, can cause high morbidity and mortality. the switch from classically (m1) to alternatively (m2) activated macrophages, which is dependent on the activation of stat6 signaling, has been shown to protect organs from i/r injuries. in the current study, the effects of recombinant trichinella spiralis cathepsin b-like protein (rtscpb) on intestinal i/r injury and the potential mechanism related to macrophage phenotypes ... | 2015 | 25987744 |
| proteomic analysis of potential immunoreactive proteins from muscle larvae and adult worms of trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected pigs. | the present study was undertaken to identify potentially immunoreactive proteins of the muscle larvae (ml) and adult stage (ad) of the nematode trichinella spiralis owen, 1835. to identify immunoreactive proteins that are specifically recognised by anti-trichinella antibodies, ml and ad crude extracts and their excretory-secretory (e-s) products were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and immunoblot with serum samples from pigs experimentally infect ... | 2015 | 25960566 |
| protective immunity against trichinella spiralis infection induced by tsnd vaccine in mice. | we have previously reported that trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase (tsnd) bound to intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), and vaccination of mice with recombinant tsnd protein (rtsnd) produced a partial protective immunity. the aim of this study was to investigate the immune protection induced by tsnd dna vaccine. | 2015 | 25889976 |
| changes of cytokine levels in a mouse model of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. | irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) is a highly prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder. post-infectious ibs (pi-ibs) is caused by an acute gastrointestinal infection preceding the onset of symptoms. however, the pathophysiology of pi-ibs is not clear, and the purpose of this study was to investigate the probable immune mechanisms of pi-ibs. | 2015 | 25886744 |
| [immunochemical properties of the excretory-secretory antigen of trichinella spiralis]. | in vitro cultivation of trichinella spiralis provided data on the structure of somatic and excretory-secretory antigens of t. spiralis larvae, their immunochemical properties were studied. the findings suggest that work should be continued to produce monoclonal antibodies and to develop highly sensitive and specific elisa test systems for the diagnosis of human and animal trichinosis. | 2015 | 25850317 |
| trichinellosis in vietnam. | trichinellosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a worldwide distribution. the aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological and clinical data of five outbreaks of trichinellosis, which affected ethnic minorities living in remote mountainous areas of northwestern vietnam from 1970 to 2012. trichinellosis was diagnosed in 126 patients, of which 11 (8.7%) were hospitalized and 8 (6.3%) died. all infected people had consumed raw pork from backyard and roaming pigs or wild boar at wedding, ... | 2015 | 25846295 |
| mast cell-dependent mesenteric afferent activation by mucosal supernatant from different bowel segments of guinea pigs with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. | mesenteric afferent nerves (mans) play a pivotal role in the visceral-nociceptive perception. inappropriate activation of mans may be involved in the pathogenesis of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs). however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. we assessed the effects of mucosal mediators from different bowel segments of guinea pigs with pi-ibs on man firing and the role of mast cells. | 2015 | 25843076 |
| changes in epithelial barrier function in response to parasitic infection: implications for ibd pathogenesis. | mast cells [mcs] are implicated in epithelial barrier alterations that characterize inflammatory and functional bowel disorders. in this study, we describe mast cell proteinases [chymases and tryptases] and tight junction [tj] proteins kinetics in a rat model of postinfectious gut dysfunction. | 2015 | 25820018 |
| efficacy of albendazole:β-cyclodextrin citrate in the parenteral stage of trichinella spiralis infection. | albendazole-β-cyclodextrin citrate (abz:c-β-cd) inclusion complex in vivo antiparasitic activity was evaluated in the parenteral phase of trichinella spiralis infection in mice. an equimolar complex of abz:c-β-cd was prepared by spray-drying and tested in cbi-ige male mice orally infected with l1 infective larvae. infected animals were treated with 50 or 30mg/kg albendazole, (abz) equivalent amounts of the abz:c-β-cd complex and non treated (controls). mice received a daily dose on days 28, 29 a ... | 2015 | 25790725 |
| increased vglut3 involved in visceral hyperalgesia in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. | to investigate the activity of vesicular glutamate transporter-3 (vglut3) in a visceral hyperalgesia rat model of irritable bowel syndrome, and the role of mast cells (mcs). | 2015 | 25780293 |
| identification of surface proteins of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae using immunoproteomics. | trichinella spiralis surface proteins are directly exposed to the host's immune system, making them the main target antigens which induce the immune responses and may play an important role in the larval invasion and development process. the analysis and characterization of t. spiralis surface proteins could provide useful information to elucidate the host-parasite interaction, identify the early diagnostic antigens and the targets for vaccine. the purpose of this study was to identify the surfa ... | 2014 | 25776583 |
| outbreak of trichinellosis due to wild boar meat and evaluation of the effectiveness of post exposure prophylaxis, germany, 2013. | food safety authorities discovered that wild boar meat products contaminated with trichinella spiralis had entered the food chain in germany in march 2013. public health authorities issued guidelines for health professionals including post-exposure prophylaxis (pep) using mebendazole and advised the public to seek medical advice if exposed. our objective was to identify factors associated with the development of trichinellosis and to evaluate post exposure prophylaxis. | 2015 | 25770171 |
| induction of protection in murine experimental models against trichinella spiralis: an up-to-date review. | the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis, an aetiological agent of the disease known as trichinellosis, infects wild and domestic animals through contaminated pig meat, which is the major source for trichinella transmission. prevention of this disease by interrupting parasite transmission includes vaccine development for livestock; however, major challenges to this strategy are the complexity of the t. spiralis life cycle, diversity of stage-specific antigens, immune-evasion strategies and th ... | 2015 | 25761655 |
| biochemical and functional characterization of the glutathione s-transferase from trichinella spiralis. | glutathione-s-transferase (gst) is a family of multifunctional enzymes catalyzing detoxification reactions. our previous study showed that trichinella spiralis gst (tsgst) gene is an up-regulated gene in intestinal infective larvae (iil) compared to muscle larvae (ml) and vaccination of mice with rtsgst displayed a partial protection against challenge infection. the purified rtsgst showed the maximum enzymatic activity at ph 6.5 and 40 °c. the enzymatic k m values for gsh and cdnb were 457 and 1 ... | 2015 | 25758588 |
| trichinella spiralis: low vaccine potential of glutathione s-transferase against infections in mice. | we have previously reported that trichinella spiralis glutathione-s-transferase (tsgst) gene is an up-regulated gene in intestinal infective larvae (iil) compared to muscle larvae (ml). in this study, the tsgst gene was cloned, and recombinant tsgst (rtsgst) was produced. anti-rtsgst serum recognized the native tsgst by western blotting in crude antigens of ml, adult worm (aw) and newborn larvae (nbl) of t. spiralis, but not in ml excretory-secretory (es) antigens. expression of tsgst was observ ... | 2015 | 25757368 |
| oral vaccination of mice with trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase dna vaccine delivered by attenuated salmonella elicited protective immunity. | we have previously reported that trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase (tsnd) bound to intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), and the vaccination of mice with recombinant tsnd protein (rtsnd) produced a partial protective immunity against challenge infection in mice. in this study, the full-length cdna sequence of tsnd gene was cloned into the eukaryotic expression plasmid pcdna3.1, and the recombinant tsnd dna was transformed into attenuated salmonella typhimurium strain ⊿cyasl1344. oral immunizati ... | 2015 | 25733024 |
| consumption of untested pork contributed to over two-thousand clinical cases of human trichinellosis in romania. | trichinellosis is an important zoonosis that is difficult to diagnose and that can lead to disability, death and economic losses for the meat processing industry. the outbreaks are related to the consumption of insufficiently cooked pork containing larvae of trichinella spiralis (owen, 1833). here, we describe epidemiological features of the disease in a region where incidence rates are typically elevated (brasov county, romania). our descriptive, retrospective epidemiological study spanned a pe ... | 2014 | 25651698 |
| immunomodulatory effects of trichinella spiralis-derived excretory-secretory antigens. | helminth-derived products, either released into the circulation during the course of the infection or isolated after in vitro cultivation of the parasite and applied by the injection, are able to suppress the host immune response to autoantigens and allergens, but mechanisms could differ. prophylactic application of trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory muscle larvae (es l1) products ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) with the same success as infection did. however, a ... | 2015 | 25616617 |
| trichinella spiralis newborn larvae: characterization of a stage specific serine proteinase expression, nbl1, using monoclonal antibodies. | trichinella spiralis is an intracellular parasitic nematode of mammalian skeletal muscle, causing a serious zoonotic disease in humans and showing a high economic impact mainly in pig breeding. serine proteinases of t. spiralis play important roles in the host-parasite interactions mediating host invasion. in this study, we have focused on newborn larvae (nbl-1), the first identified serine proteinase from the nbl stage of t. spiralis. five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against the c-ter ... | 2015 | 25597315 |
| parasitic nematode-induced cd4+foxp3+t cells can ameliorate allergic airway inflammation. | the recruitment of cd4+cd25+foxp3+t (treg) cells is one of the most important mechanisms by which parasites down-regulate the immune system. | 2014 | 25522145 |
| [effect of the excretory/scretory proteins from trichinella spiralis on apoptosis of nci-h446 small-cell lung cancer cells]. | to investigate the effect of excretory/secretory proteins from trichinella spiralis on apoptosis of nci-h446 small-cell lung cancer cells. | 2014 | 25518596 |
| impact of the alterations in the interstitial cells of cajal on intestinal motility in post-infection irritable bowel syndrome. | the interstitial cells of cajal (icc) are basic components of gastrointestinal motility. however, changes in icc and their role in post‑infection irritable bowel syndrome (pi‑ibs) remain to be elucidated. to observe the impact of alterations in the icc on intestinal motility in a pi‑ibs mouse model, female c57bl\6 mice were infected by the oral administration of 400 trichinella spiralis larvae. the abdominal withdrawal reflex, intestine transportation time (itt), grain numbers, bristol scores, w ... | 2015 | 25484117 |
| trichinella spiralis: genome database searches for the presence and immunolocalization of protein disulphide isomerase family members. | the formation of nurse cells in host muscle cells during trichinella spiralis infection is a key step in the infective mechanism. collagen trimerization is set up via disulphide bond formation, catalysed by protein disulphide isomerase (pdi). in t. spiralis, some pdi family members have been identified but no localization is described and no antibodies specific for t. spiralis pdis are available. in this work, computational approaches were used to search for non-described pdis in the t. spiralis ... | 2016 | 25475092 |
| glycans expressed on trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory antigens are important for anti-inflamatory immune response polarization. | trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory antigens (es l1) are most likely responsible for the induction of immune response during infection by this parasitic. the antigens bear carbohydrate structures that may contribute to immune system activation resulting in a th2/anti-inflammatory immune response. we show that t. spiralis glycans affect the expression and the production of il-4 and il-10 in vivo. alteration of carbohydrate structures on es l1 altered dendritic cell (dc) maturat ... | 2014 | 25467036 |
| eosinophils mediate protective immunity against secondary nematode infection. | eosinophils are versatile cells that regulate innate and adaptive immunity, influence metabolism and tissue repair, and contribute to allergic lung disease. within the context of immunity to parasitic worm infections, eosinophils are prominent yet highly varied in function. we have shown previously that when mice undergo primary infection with the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis, eosinophils play an important immune regulatory role that promotes larval growth and survival in skeletal mus ... | 2015 | 25429065 |
| trichinella spiralis: killing of newborn larvae by lung cells. | the migratory stage of trichinella spiralis, the newborn larva (nbl), travels along the pulmonary microvascular system on its way to the skeletal muscle cells. the present work studies the capability of lung cells to kill nbl. for this purpose, in vitro cytotoxicity assays were performed using nbl, lung cell suspensions from wistar rats, rat anti-nbl surface sera, and fresh serum as complement source. the cytotoxic activity of lung cells from rats infected on day 6 p.i. was compared with that fr ... | 2015 | 25416332 |
| characterization of albendazole-randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and in vivo evaluation of its antihelmitic activity in a murine model of trichinellosis. | albendazole is a benzimidazole carbamate extensively used in oral chemotherapy against intestinal parasites, due to its broad spectrum activity, good tolerance and low cost. however, the drug has the disadvantage of poor bioavailability due to its very low solubility in water; as a consequence, a very active area of research focuses on the development of new pharmaceutical formulations to increase its solubility, dissolution rate, and bioavailability. the primary objective of this study was to p ... | 2014 | 25406084 |
| the immature stages of dermestes maculatus, sarcophaga sp. and phaenicia sericata as potential paratenic hosts for trichinella spiralis in nature. | the role of some insect populations in the transmission of trichinella sp. has been demonstrated. however, most of the studies have been conducted under controlled conditions which may influence the real role that they could play as a paratenic host in nature. to enlight this issue, a series of studies to determine the infective capability of the muscle larva of trichinella spiralis recovered from immature stages of insect populations that fed on infected tissues exposed to natural conditions we ... | 2015 | 25346194 |
| protective immunity against enteral stages of trichinella spiralis elicited in mice by live attenuated salmonella vaccine that secretes a 30-mer parasite epitope fused to the molecular adjuvant c3d-p28. | the development of a veterinary vaccine against t. spiralis infection is an alternative strategy to control trichinellosis. in an effort to develop an efficient vaccine, balb/c mice were immunized with attenuated salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium sl3261 that expresses a 30-mer peptide (ag30) derived from the gp43 of t. spiralis muscle larvae fused to three copies of the molecular adjuvant p28 (ag30-p283) and it was either displayed on the surface or secreted by recombinant salmonella strai ... | 2014 | 25311159 |
| plasticity of dorsal root ganglion neurons in a rat model of post-infectious gut dysfunction: potential implication of nerve growth factor. | intestinal infections are suggested as a risk factor for the development of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs)-like visceral hypersensitivity. the mechanisms implicated might involve long-term changes in visceral afferents, with implication of nerve growth factor (ngf). we explored plastic changes in dorsal root ganglia (drgs) receiving innervation from the gut and the potential implication of ngf in a rat model of ibs-like post-infectious gut dysfunction. | 2014 | 25259719 |
| enhanced bioavailability and anthelmintic efficacy of mebendazole in redispersible microparticles with low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose. | mebendazole (mbz) is an extremely insoluble and therefore poorly absorbed drug and the variable clinical results may correlate with blood concentrations. the necessity of a prolonged high dose treatment of this drug increases the risk of adverse effects. | 2014 | 25258515 |
| protective effect of a prime-boost strategy with the ts87 vaccine against trichinella spiralis infection in mice. | trichinellosis is a widespread zoonosis primarily caused by trichinella spiralis. mucosal immunity is crucial for preventing trichinella spiralis infection. in our previous study, a dna vaccine with the trichinella antigen ts87 delivered by an attenuated salmonella typhimurium elicited partial protection against trichinella spiralis infection in mice. in the current study, to elicit a more robust immune response and develop a potent vaccination strategy against trichinellosis, a heterologous pri ... | 2014 | 25250316 |
| outbreak of trichinella spiralis infections associated with a wild boar hunted at a game farm in iowa. | rates of trichinellosis have declined significantly in the united states due to improved pork production practices and public awareness of the danger of eating raw or undercooked pork. in april 2011, the minnesota department of health received a report of presumptive trichinellosis in a 50-year-old man with a history of wild boar consumption. a public health investigation was initiated. | 2014 | 25214511 |
| eosinophil-derived il-10 supports chronic nematode infection. | eosinophilia is a feature of the host immune response that distinguishes parasitic worms from other pathogens, yet a discrete function for eosinophils in worm infection has been elusive. the aim of this study was to clarify the mechanism(s) underlying the striking and unexpected observation that eosinophils protect intracellular, muscle-stage trichinella spiralis larvae against no-mediated killing. our findings indicate that eosinophils are specifically recruited to sites of infection at the ear ... | 2014 | 25210122 |
| [recombinant trichinella spiralis-53000 protein alleviates liver damage due to lipopolysaccharides via m2 macrophage activation]. | to evaluate if recombinant trichinella spiralis-53 000 protein (rtsp53) could alleviate liver damage caused by lipopolysaccharides (lps) via m2 macrophage activation. | 2014 | 25124899 |
| european mustelids occupying pristine wetlands in the danube delta are infected with trichinella likely derived from domesticated swine. | abstract we analyzed 32 specimens from nine species of mustelidae for trichinella; six infections from two trichinella species were observed from three host species. this provides documentation of trichinella in mustela erminea and martes foina in romania and trichinella spiralis in a mustelid host from europe. trichinella spiralis continues to be a public challenge characterized by a wide host range and geographical distribution ( pozio 2007 ). during the past 20 yr, romania has had the most re ... | 2014 | 25121406 |
| anti-trichinella igg in ethnic minorities living in trichinella-endemic areas in northwest vietnam: study of the predictive value of selected clinical signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of trichinellosis. | the objective of this study was to assess the presence of anti-trichinella igg in the serum of persons from ethnic minorities from northwest vietnam with clinical signs and symptoms that are compatible with trichinellosis. a total of 645 persons were enrolled, of which 200 people lived in two villages where outbreaks of human trichinellosis had been documented in 2004 and 2008, and 445 people who were hospitalized in the dien bien and son la provincial hospitals without a definitive diagnosis. p ... | 2014 | 25076109 |
| trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products protect against polymicrobial sepsis by suppressing myd88 via mannose receptor. | trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) or its excretory-secretory products (tses) protect hosts from autoimmune diseases, which depend on inducing host t helper (th) 2 immune response and inhibiting inflammatory factors. sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) evoked by infection. little is known about the effects of helminths or their excretory-secretory products on sepsis. here, we investigated the effects of tses in a mice model of polymicrobial sepsis. tses improved survival, ... | 2014 | 25054155 |
| monoclonal antibody targeting complement c9 binding domain of trichinella spiralis paramyosin impairs the viability of trichinella infective larvae in the presence of complement. | trichinella spiralis expresses paramyosin (ts-pmy) not only as a structural protein but also as an immunomodulator that inhibits host complement as a survival strategy. previous studies demonstrated that ts-pmy bound to complement components c8 and c9 and inhibited the polymerization of c9 during the formation of the membrane attack complex (mac). the c9 binding domain of ts-pmy was identified within 14 amino acid residues at the c-terminus of ts-pmy. the production of a monoclonal antibody that ... | 2014 | 24996670 |
| endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis is activated in intestines of mice with trichinella spiralis infection. | gastrointestinal helminth infection, including trichinella spiralis, initiates a series of intestinal structural, cellular and physiological changes. intestinal invasion is an important stage of trichinellosis because it determines the development and subsequent course of the disease and its consequences. apoptosis mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ers) plays a key role in infectious diseases, but the effect of t. spiralis infection on inducing apoptosis in the small intestine has been n ... | 2014 | 24996067 |
| heat shock protein 70 from trichinella spiralis induces protective immunity in balb/c mice by activating dendritic cells. | trichinella spiralis heat shock protein 70 (ts-hsp70) is a protective antigen that induces partial protective immunity against t. spiralis infection in mice. to determine whether dendritic cells are involved in the mechanism responsible for the protection induced by ts-hsp70, mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (dcs) were incubated with recombinant ts-hsp70 (rts-hsp70), and the dc-secreted cytokines and expressed surface markers were measured. the results demonstrated that rts-hsp70 activa ... | 2014 | 24962751 |
| operons are a conserved feature of nematode genomes. | the organization of genes into operons, clusters of genes that are co-transcribed to produce polycistronic pre-mrnas, is a trait found in a wide range of eukaryotic groups, including multiple animal phyla. operons are present in the class chromadorea, one of the two main nematode classes, but their distribution in the other class, the enoplea, is not known. we have surveyed the genomes of trichinella spiralis, trichuris muris, and romanomermis culicivorax and identified the first putative operon ... | 2014 | 24931407 |
| in vivo time-lapse imaging shows diverse niche engagement by quiescent and naturally activated hematopoietic stem cells. | hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) maintain the turnover of mature blood cells during steady state and in response to systemic perturbations such as infections. their function critically depends on complex signal exchanges with the bone marrow (bm) microenvironment in which they reside, but the cellular mechanisms involved in hsc-niche interactions and regulating hsc function in vivo remain elusive. we used a natural mouse parasite, trichinella spiralis, and multipoint intravital time-lapse confoca ... | 2014 | 24850759 |
| [research progress on the mechanism of host immune response regulated by trichinella spiralis]. | trichinosis caused by trichinella spiralis is a parasitic zoonosis with world-wide distribution, which impacts on the development of animal husbandry and food safety, and thus threatens human health. t. spiralis has the ability to evade the host immune response, which results in forming a long-term infection in the host. the previous studies indicated that a changed host immune state due to t. spiralis was an important reason for the evasion. among the factors, cytokines, dendritic cells and reg ... | 2013 | 24809201 |
| excretory/secretory products from trichinella spiralis adult worms ameliorate dss-induced colitis in mice. | many evidences show the inverse correlation between helminth infection and allergic or autoimmune diseases. identification and characterization of the active helminth-derived products responsible for the beneficial effects on allergic or inflammatory diseases will provide another feasible approach to treat these diseases. | 2014 | 24788117 |
| oral administration with attenuated salmonella encoding a trichinella cystatin-like protein elicited host immunity. | trichinellosis is a public health problem and is regarded as an emergent/re-emergent disease in various countries. the cdna encoding a cystatin-like protein (ts-cystatin) was identified by immunoscreening intestinal muscle larvae cdna libraries with serum from pigs experimentally infected with 20,000 trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. to study its impact on host immunity, we chose a eukaryotic expression system based on several comparisons of immunogenicity between the two salmonella typhimuriu ... | 2014 | 24636891 |
| are there any different effects of bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and streptococcus on intestinal sensation, barrier function and intestinal immunity in pi-ibs mouse model? | research has increasingly suggested that gut flora plays an important role in the development of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs). studies of the curative effect of probiotics for ibs have usually been positive but not always. however, the differences of treatment effects and mechanisms among probiotic stains, or mixture of them, are not clear. in this study, we compared the effects of different probiotics (befidobacterium, lactobacillus, streptococcus or mixture of the three) o ... | 2014 | 24595218 |
| mapping of the complement c9 binding domain on trichinella spiralis paramyosin. | trichinellosis is an important foodborne zoonosis that is distributed worldwide. trichinella spiralis may evade host complement-mediated attack by expressing complement inhibitory proteins, such as paramyosin (pmy). previous studies have shown that trichinella spiralis paramyosin (ts-pmy) is able to bind to the human complement component c9 to inhibit the complement activation and protect the parasite from complement-mediated attack. further determination of the complement-binding domain on ts-p ... | 2014 | 24564979 |
| regulation of recombinant trichinella spiralis 53-kda protein (rtsp53) on alternatively activated macrophages via stat6 but not il-4rα in vitro. | classically activated macrophages (m1) or alternatively activated macrophages (m2) have different functions during helminth infections including trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis). the excretory/secretory antigens (esa) of t. spiralis can inhibit macrophage pro-inflammatory cytokines production. however, the specific molecules of esa that regulate macrophages have not been identified. we previously reported that recombinant t. spiralis derived molecule 53-kda protein (rtsp53) had protected mice ... | 2014 | 24534206 |
| trichinella spiralis, potential model nematode for epigenetics and its implication in metazoan parasitism. | the recent discovery of dna methylation in the nematode t.spiralis may raise the possibility of using it as a potential model organism for epigenetic studies instead of c. elegans, which is deficient in this important epigenetic modification. in contrast to the free-living nematode c. elegans, t. spiralis is a parasitic worm that possesses a complicated life cycle and undergoes a complex developmental regulation of genes. we emphasize that the differential methylomes in the different life-histor ... | 2014 | 24454291 |
| description of an outbreak of human trichinellosis in an area of argentina historically regarded as trichinella-free: the importance of surveillance studies. | trichinellosis is an important food-borne zoonosis which is not treated as a major public health concern in argentina. after more than 20 years without reports of infection in an area regarded as trichinella-free, research studies reported that infection occurred in humans, pigs and game animals, including the recent outbreak of human trichinellosis revealed here. the outbreak, affecting 64 individuals, occurred in july 2010 in the province of entre ríos. epidemiological studies, clinical observ ... | 2014 | 24444651 |
| the genome of romanomermis culicivorax: revealing fundamental changes in the core developmental genetic toolkit in nematoda. | the genetics of development in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans has been described in exquisite detail. the phylum nematoda has two classes: chromadorea (which includes c. elegans) and the enoplea. while the development of many chromadorean species resembles closely that of c. elegans, enoplean nematodes show markedly different patterns of early cell division and cell fate assignment. embryogenesis of the enoplean romanomermis culicivorax has been studied in detail, but the genetic circuitry ... | 2013 | 24373391 |
| trichinella infection in wild boars and synanthropic rats in northwest vietnam. | trichinellosis is an emerging parasitic zoonosis in north vietnam. in this survey, hunted and farm-bred wild boars as well as synanthropic rats were sampled in two provinces of northwest vietnam where outbreaks of trichinellosis have recently occurred. evidence of trichinella infection was studied by parasitological, serological and molecular methods. the results showed relatively low prevalence of trichinella spiralis in hunted wild boars (2/62 (3.2%; 95% ci: 0.8- 4.8)) and rats (23/820 (2.8%; ... | 2014 | 24360291 |
| verifiable hypotheses for thymosin β4-dependent and -independent angiogenic induction of trichinella spiralis-triggered nurse cell formation. | trichinella spiralis has been reported to induce angiogenesis for nutrient supply and waste disposal by the induction of the angiogenic molecule vascular endothelial cell growth factor (vegf) during nurse cell formation. however, the action mechanism to induce vegf in nurse cells by t. spiralis is not known. hypoxia in nurse cells was suggested as a possible mechanism; however, the presence of hypoxic conditions in infected muscle or nurse cells and whether hypoxia indeed induces the expression ... | 2013 | 24351861 |
| myeloid-derived suppressor cells enhance ige-mediated mast cell responses. | mast cells and mdscs are increased by parasitic infection and tumor growth. we previously demonstrated that enhanced mdsc development in adam10 transgenic mice yielded resistance to nb infection and that coculturing mdscs and mast cells enhanced cytokine production. in the current work, we show that mdsc-mast cell coculture selectively enhances ige-mediated cytokine secretion among mast cells, without increasing mdsc cytokine production. this effect was independent of cell contact and elicited b ... | 2014 | 24338630 |
| proteomic analysis of surface proteins of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. | trichinella spiralis is a zoonotic tissue-dwelling parasitic nematode that infects humans and other mammals. its surface proteins are recognized as antigenic in many infected hosts, being directly exposed to the host's immune system and are the main target antigens that induce the immune responses. the larval surface proteins may also interact with intestinal epithelial cells and may play an important role in the invasion and development process of t. spiralis. the purpose of this study was to a ... | 2013 | 24330777 |
| mast cell chymase degrades the alarmins heat shock protein 70, biglycan, hmgb1, and interleukin-33 (il-33) and limits danger-induced inflammation. | during infection and tissue damage, virulence factors and alarmins are pro-inflammatory and induce activation of various immune cells including macrophages and mast cells (mcs). activated mcs instantly release preformed inflammatory mediators, including several proteases. the chymase mouse mast cell protease (mcpt)-4 is thought to be pro-inflammatory, whereas human chymase also degrades pro-inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that chymase instead limits inflammation. here we explored the contribu ... | 2014 | 24257755 |
| synthesis of modified trichinella spiralis disaccharide epitopes and a comparison of their recognition by chemical mapping and saturation transfer difference nmr. | a rat monoclonal antibody 9d4 raised against the cell surface n-glycan of the parasite trichinella spirallis protects rats against further infection. the terminal disaccharide β-d-tyvp(1→3)β-d-galnacp (2) represents the immunodominant portion of the antigenic determinant. chemical mapping of the antibody binding site by functional group modification employing monodeoxy and mono-o-methyl congeners identified key polar contacts and topography of the bound disaccharide. we report here a comparison ... | 2014 | 24239604 |
| protective immunity against trichinella spiralis infection induced by a multi-epitope vaccine in a murine model. | trichinellosis is one of the most important food-borne parasitic zoonoses throughout the world. because infected pigs are the major source of human infections, and china is becoming the largest international producer of pork, the development of a transmission-blocking vaccine to prevent swine from being infected is urgently needed for trichinellosis control in china. our previous studies have demonstrated that specific trichinella spiralis paramyosin (ts-pmy) and ts-87 antigen could provide prot ... | 2013 | 24130862 |
| the vasculature of nurse cells infected with non-encapsulated trichinella species. | the vasculature surrounding the nurse cells of encapsulated trichinella spiralis has been described previously. it has been postulated the function of these vessels is to support the growth of the parasite. we describe here for the first time the vasculature surrounding the nurse cells of non-encapsulated t. pseudospiralis and t. papuae. similar to the vasculature of uninfected muscle cells, the vessels surrounding non-encapsulated trichinella nurse cells are dense and branched longitudinally al ... | 2013 | 24050088 |
| the occupation of intestinal epithelium by trichinella spiralis in balb/c mice is not associated with local manifestation of apoptosis related factors. | trichinella spiralis actively passes through the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa but morphologically, these cells do not manifest apparent damage. the possible activation of apoptotic mechanisms in the small intestine mucosa after infection with larvae and adults of trichinella spiralis was explored by immunohistochemistry. sporadic individual cells of normal intestinal epithelium showed activation of caspase-3, increased expression aif, or bax. the larval stage of intestinal trichinel ... | 2013 | 24037538 |
| analysis of differentially expressed genes of trichinella spiralis larvae activated by bile and cultured with intestinal epithelial cells using real-time pcr. | the activation of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ml) by exposure to intestinal contents or bile and the intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) themselves are two pivotal requirements for the in vitro larval invasion of iecs. however, it is yet unknown which genes are involved in the process of larval invasion. the purpose of the present study was to analyze the differentially expressed genes of t. spiralis larvae activated by bile and cultured with iecs by using real-time polymerase chain react ... | 2013 | 24026388 |
| novel albendazole formulations given during the intestinal phase of trichinella spiralis infection reduce effectively parasitic muscle burden in mice. | trichinellosis is a zoonotic disease affecting people all over the world, for which there is no speedy and reliable treatment. albendazole (abz), an inexpensive benzimidazole used in oral chemotherapy against helminthic diseases, has a broad spectrum activity and is well tolerated. however, the low absorption and variable bioavailability of the drug due to its low aqueous solubility are serious disadvantages for a successful therapy. in this study, we evaluated the in vivo antiparasitic activity ... | 2013 | 23993995 |
| immune response to a trichinella spiralis infection in house mice from lines selectively bred for high voluntary wheel running. | four lines of mice bred for high voluntary wheel running (hr lines) have high baseline circulating corticosterone levels and increased daily energy expenditure as compared with four non-selected control (c) lines. high corticosterone may suppress immune function and competing energy demands may limit ability to mount an immune response. we hypothesized that hr mice have a reduced immune response and therefore a decreased ability to fight an infection by trichinella spiralis, an ecologically rele ... | 2013 | 23948476 |
| trichinella spiralis immunomodulation: an interactive multifactorial process. | many epidemiological data support the postulate that infection with helminths might provide some protection against allergic and autoimmune diseases. hence arises the concept that helminths strongly influence the immune system and enable protective pathways against these hyperimmune-associated disorders. this review discusses how trichinella spiralis can make the immune system smarter in dealing with hyperimmune-associated disorders. t. spiralis possesses the capacity to direct the immune system ... | 2013 | 23899237 |
| interleukin-25 (il-25) promotes efficient protective immunity against trichinella spiralis infection by enhancing the antigen-specific il-9 response. | mammalian hosts often develop distinct immune response against the diverse parasitic helminths that have evolved for immune evasion. interleukin-25 (il-25), an il-17 cytokine family member, plays a key role in initiating the protective immunity against several parasitic helminths; however, the involvement and underlying mechanisms by which il-25 mediates immune response against trichinella spiralis infection have not been investigated. here we showed that il-25 functions in promoting protective ... | 2013 | 23897610 |
| therapeutic potential of myrrh and ivermectin against experimental trichinella spiralis infection in mice. | trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the nematode trichinella spiralis. anthelmintics are used to eliminate intestinal adults as well as tissue-migrating and encysted larvae. this study aimed to investigate the effects of ivermectin and myrrh obtained from the aloe-gum resin of commiphora molmol on experimental trichinosis. ninety albino mice were orally infected with 300 t. spiralis larvae. drugs were tested against adult worms at day 0 and day 5 and against encysted larvae on day 15 a ... | 2013 | 23864740 |
| proteomic analysis of trichinella spiralis muscle larval excretory-secretory proteins recognized by early infection sera. | although the excretory-secretory (es) proteins of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae are the most commonly used diagnostic antigens for trichinellosis, their main disadvantage is the false negative results during the early stage of infection and cross-reaction of their main components (43, 45, 49, and 53 kda) with sera of patients with other helminthiasis. the aim of this study was to identify early specific diagnostic antigens in t. spiralis es proteins with 30-40 kda. the es proteins were anal ... | 2013 | 23844355 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes of trichinella spiralis larvae after exposure to host intestine milieu. | although it has been known for many years that t. spiralis muscle larvae (ml) can not invade intestinal epithelial cells unless they are exposed to the intestinal milieu and activated into intestinal infective larvae (iil), which genes in iil are involved in the process of invasion is still unknown. in this study, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between iil and ml. ssh library was constructed using cdna generated from iil as th ... | 2013 | 23840742 |
| taurine drinking attenuates the burden of intestinal adult worms and muscle larvae in mice with trichinella spiralis infection. | the parasitic nematode trichinella spiralis can cause trichinellosis, which leads to pathological processes in the intestine and muscle. the intestinal invasion determines the development, subsequent course, and consequences of the disease. gastrointestinal nematode infection, including with t. spiralis, is accompanied by a rapid and reversible expansion of mucosal mast cell and goblet cell in the intestinal epithelium, which play important roles in the host immune response to parasite and worm ... | 2013 | 23832642 |
| neurotrichinellosis. | trichinellosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by the nematode trichinella spp. neurotrichinellosis represents one of the most important complications of severe trichinellosis in humans and is sometimes fatal, especially when trichinella spiralis is involved. there are numerous mechanisms responsible for the involvement of the nervous system through direct or indirect involvement of the parasite. in the latter, inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils, appear to play a crucial role. encephalopa ... | 2013 | 23829915 |
| molecular differentiation of trichinella spiralis, t. pseudospiralis, t. papuae and t. zimbabwensis by pyrosequencing. | nematodes of the genus trichinella which infect wildlife and domestic animals show a cosmopolitan distribution. these zoonotic parasites are the aetiological agents of a severe human disease, trichinellosis. twelve taxa are recognized in the trichinella genus, but they cannot be identified by morphology since they are sibling species/genotypes. for epidemiological studies, it is extremely important to identify each taxon since they have different distribution areas and host ranges. in the presen ... | 2015 | 23663306 |
| a satellite explosion in the genome of holocentric nematodes. | centromere sequences in the genome are associated with the formation of kinetochores, where spindle microtubules grow in mitosis. centromere sequences usually have long tandem repeats (satellites). in holocentric nematodes it is not clear how kinetochores are formed during mitosis; they are distributed throughout the chromosomes. for this reason it appeared of interest to study the satellites in nematodes in order to determine if they offer any clue on how kinetochores are assembled in these spe ... | 2013 | 23638010 |
| standards for reporting surveillance information in freedom from infection models by example of trichinella in canadian market hogs. | freedom from infection modeling, using scenario trees, has become an established methodology and is well described in the literature. however, standards for organizing and reporting the surveillance information incorporated into such models are less developed. canada has been routinely testing for trichinella spiralis in market hogs in federally inspected slaughter plants since the late 1990s. by way of presenting our work on t. spiralis in canadian hogs, we propose that information in surveilla ... | 2013 | 23623714 |
| stabilization of an unusual salt bridge in ubiquitin by the extra c-terminal domain of the proteasome-associated deubiquitinase uch37 as a mechanism of its exo specificity. | ubiquitination is countered by a group of enzymes collectively called deubiquitinases (dubs); ∼100 of them can be found in the human genome. one of the most interesting aspects of these enzymes is the ability of some members to selectively recognize specific linkage types between ubiquitin in polyubiquitin chains and their endo and exo specificity. the structural basis of exo-specific deubiquitination catalyzed by a dub is poorly understood. uch37, a cysteine dub conserved from fungi to humans, ... | 2013 | 23617878 |
| [effect of trichinella spiralis infection on expression and distribution of colonic epithelial e-cadherin in mice and its mechanism]. | to study the effect of trichinella spiralis (t.spiralis) infection on the expression and distribution of colonic epithelial e-cadherin in mice and its mechanism. | 2013 | 23608805 |
| regulation of intestinal immune response by selective removal of the anterior, posterior, or entire pituitary gland in trichinella spiralis infected golden hamsters. | the influence of anterior pituitary hormones on the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals has been previously reported. hypophysectomy (hypox) in the rat causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, and reduction of gastric secretion and intestinal absorption, as well as increased susceptibility to bacterial and viral infections. however, to our knowledge, no findings have been published concerning the immune response following hypox during worm infection, particularly that which is caused by ... | 2013 | 23555042 |
| trichinella spiralis infection reduces tumor growth and metastasis of b16-f10 melanoma cells. | recently, attempts have been made to use parasites as novel candidates for live vaccine vectors against solid tumors. in this study, we examined the effects of trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) infection on solid tumor growth and metastasis. after oral infection with t. spiralis larvae, b16-f10 cells were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into c57bl/6 mice to evaluate tumor growth and metastatic potential, respectively. tumor growth and lung metastases in t. spiralis infected mice were ... | 2013 | 23499484 |
| screening of early antigen genes of adult-stage trichinella spiralis using pig serum from different stages of early infection. | the goal of this work was to identify novel, early antigens present in trichinella spiralis. to this end, a cdna library generated from 3-day old adult worms (ad3) was immunologically screened using serum from a pig infected with 20,000 muscle larvae. the serum was obtained from multiple, time course bleeds coinciding with early worm development. seventeen positive clones were isolated using serum obtained at 20 days post infection (dpi). all clones corresponded to one gene that exhibited high s ... | 2013 | 23485437 |
| detection of anti-trichinella antibodies in serum of experimentally-infected swine by immunochromatographic strip. | an immunochromatographic strip method, developed with the excretory-secretory antigens from muscle larvae (ml) of trichinella spiralis labeled with colloidal gold, was used for the detection of anti-trichinella antibodies in serum of experimentally-infected swine. sera from swine infected with 200, 2000 and 20,000 infective ml were collected at different days post infection (dpi) and used to evaluate the method. the strip method was shown able to detect anti-trichinella antibodies by 35 dpi, 28 ... | 2013 | 23485436 |
| experimental infection with trichinella t12 in domestic cats. | trichinella spiralis has been documented in wild animals in argentina, including puma, armadillos, rats and wild boars. in 2008, molecular analysis identified trichinella t12 from a naturally infected puma (puma concolor) from patagonia. the aim of the present work was to study the relationship between the infectivity and pathology of trichinella t12 in the puma and in domestic cats, and the possible risks that may be present for transmission among these animals. two cats (a and b) were orally-i ... | 2013 | 23474230 |
| recognition of antigens of three different stages of the trichinella spiralis by antibodies from pigs infected with t. spiralis. | infective muscle larvae (ml), adults (ad) and new born larvae (nbl) of trichinella spiralis express many immunogenic proteins which can elicit a host protective response, and may be useful in the diagnosis of trichinella infected humans and animals. the present study was carried out to identify t. spiralis antigens recognized by antibodies from pigs infected with t. spiralis. to that end, the crude extracts of ml, ad, nbl and ml excretory-secretory (e-s) and ad e-s proteins were analyzed by sodi ... | 2013 | 23474204 |
| identification of the differentially expressed genes in sp2/0 myeloma cells from balb/c mice infected with trichinella spiralis. | to study the molecular mechanism of suppressed growth caused by trichinella spiralis, an sp2/0 myeloma model was established using parasite-infected balb/c mice. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was then utilized to identify differentially expressed genes between tumor cells from the infected and non-infected mice. on the 11th day after infection, 2 × 10(6) sp2/0 myeloma cells were subcutaneously inoculated into 6-8 week old female balb/c mice in both the experimental and control grou ... | 2013 | 23473833 |
| systemic cytokine profiles and splenic toll-like receptor expression during trichinella spiralis infection. | parasitic helminth and their products can suppress or modulate the host immune response for long-term survival and continued infection. commonly, helminth can induce conditional t helper cell type 2 (th2) response, regulatory t cell and cytokines, and altered function of antigen presentation cells by modulating toll-like receptors (tlrs). the helminth trichinella spiralis establishes chronic infection in skeletal muscles of a wide range of mammalian hosts. we infected mice with t. spiralis and i ... | 2013 | 23466989 |
| identification of a novel gene product expressed by trichinella spiralis that binds antiserum to sp2/0 myeloma cells. | to obtain novel antigen genes for use as an anti-tumor vaccine, a trichinella spiralis cdna expression library was constructed from muscle larvae rna and screened with sera from balb/c mice injected with sp2/0 myeloma cells. one positive clone was obtained after three rounds of immunoscreening of the cdna expression library and was subsequently excised in vivo using the exassist helper phage with solr strain. a full-length gene was amplified using 5'-race technology and analyzed by blast, protei ... | 2013 | 23465747 |
| intestinal infection with trichinella spiralis induces distinct, regional immune responses. | the aim of this study was to evaluate differences between the small and large intestines (si and li) with regard to colonization and immunity during infection with trichinella spiralis. in orally infected c57bl/6 mice, the gender ratios of worms differed among the si, cecum, and li. mucosal mastocytosis developed in the si but not in the li, consistent with reduced il-9 and il-13 production by explants from the li. despite these differences, worms were cleared at the same rate from both sites. f ... | 2013 | 23465441 |
| tsdaf-21/hsp90 is expressed in all examined stages of trichinella spiralis. | trichinella is an important parasitic nematode of animals worldwide. heat shock proteins are ubiquitous in nature and allow organisms to quickly respond to environmental stress. a portion of the tsdaf-21 gene, a caenorhabditis elegans daf-21 homologue encoding heat-shock protein 90 (hsp90) was cloned from trichinella spiralis. the partial nucleotide sequence resided near the 5'-end of the gene and encoded a polypeptide of 254 amino acid residues harboring a hatpase-c superfamily domain and hsp90 ... | 2013 | 23465439 |
| analysis of the effect of a 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivative on trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. | albendazole and mebendazole are widely used in the treatment of trichinellosis; however, chemotherapy failure has been reported. in an effort to develop new anthelminthic compounds, we examined a previously synthesized 2-(trifluoromethyl)-1h-benzimidazole derivative (1) that showed good in vitro activity against trichinella spiralis muscle larvae but low in vivo efficacy. in order to improve the solubility of compound 1, an inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (1/hp-βcd) was pre ... | 2013 | 23462252 |
| towards the identification of the binding site of benzimidazoles to β-tubulin of trichinella spiralis: insights from computational and experimental data. | benzimidazole-2-carbamate derivatives (bzc) are among the most important broad-spectrum anthelmintic drugs for the treatment of nematode infections. bzc selectively bind to the β-tubulin monomer and inhibit microtubule polymerization. however, the crystallographic structure of the nematode tubulin and the mechanism of action are still unknown. moreover, the relation between the mechanism of action and the binding site of bzc has not yet been explained accurately. by using the amino acid sequence ... | 2013 | 23454612 |
| a study on the suitability of inactivated trichinella spiralis larvae for proficiency samples. | the consumption of raw or undercooked trichinella infected meat, especially pork and horse meat, can have important implications for public health. therefore each animal carcass from a trichinella susceptible species intended for human consumption must be examined for trichinella. laboratories carrying out testing of official control samples must undergo a quality assurance program and should regularly participate in proficiency testing schemes. to date, trichinella proficiency samples are prepa ... | 2013 | 23433991 |
| identifying risk factors for symptoms of severe trichinellosis--a case study of 143 infected persons in brasov, romania 2001-2008. | the presence of the parasite trichinella spiralis in humans does not always manifest itself with obvious clinical symptoms; the clinical manifestations of trichinellosis are polymorphic and can cause diagnostic difficulties. our aim was to identify risk factors that can be linked to the severity of the disease. we conducted a retrospective analysis of 143 cases of trichinellosis admitted to the infectious disease hospital in braşov, romania during 2001-2008. we found that children 10 and younger ... | 2013 | 23433989 |
| the opportunistic nature of trichinella--exploitation of new geographies and habitats. | for more than 100 years, trichinella spiralis (former trichina spiralis) was considered a zoonotic parasite of the domestic habitat involving pigs, synanthropic rats and humans. in the last 70 years, there has been increasing evidence that the biomass of nematodes of the genus trichinella is greater in wild animals than in domestic animals. omnivores and carnivores (mammals, birds and some reptiles), mainly those with cannibalistic and scavenger behaviour, act primarily as reservoirs for the 12 ... | 2013 | 23433987 |
| protein changes in trichinella spiralis muscle larvae in vitro induced by bovine bile. | the purpose of this study was to investigate bovine bile induced protein changes within trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ml) in vitro. the larvae were activated by 5% raw bovine bile diluted in saline and in serum-free rpmi-1640 medium at 37°c in 5% co2 for 2h and, respectively. the crude and excretory-secretory (es) antigens from ml were analyzed by sds-page and western blot. following activation and comparison to blots of non-activated ml, blots of activated t. spiralis crude worm extract g ... | 2013 | 23433650 |