| campylobacter hyointestinalis associated with human gastrointestinal disease in the united states. | campylobacter hyointestinalis was isolated from stool specimens of four persons, all of whom were experiencing nonbloody, watery diarrhea. the youngest (8 months of age) and the oldest (79 years of age) individuals were females, and the other two were homosexual men. c. hyointestinalis was the only clinically significant pathogen isolated from stool specimens for three of the individuals. in case 3 (involving a 37-year-old homosexual man), entamoeba histolytica and shigella sonnei were also pres ... | 1987 | 3571477 |
| changing pattern of shigella serotypes in a southern indian population. | | 1986 | 3571876 |
| [shigella implicated in current acute diarrheal diseases]. | | 1986 | 3575989 |
| erythromycin-resistant campylobacter infections in thailand. | erythromycin therapy was compared with no treatment in a prospective trial of acute diarrheal disease among 100 infants in an orphanage in bangkok. within 24 h of the onset of diarrhea, 50 children received erythromycin ethylsuccinate (40 mg/kg per day) in four divided doses for 5 days. campylobacter jejuni isolated from 31, campylobacter coli isolated from 21, and shigella spp. isolated from 21 of 100 children were the most commonly recognized pathogens; use of a sensitive, nonselective method ... | 1987 | 3579261 |
| clinical and biochemical significance of toxin production by aeromonas hydrophila. | production of cytotoxin and enterotoxin by aeromonas strains obtained from stools of 50 children in mexico and texas and from blood of 9 children with sepsis was determined. results were correlated with clinical features of infected children as well as with biochemical traits of aeromonas strains. cytotoxin was produced by 40 of 42 aeromonas strains (95%) isolated from stools of children with diarrhea, by all 8 isolates from stools of well children, and by all 9 isolates from children with sepsi ... | 1987 | 3584426 |
| human carriage of yersinia spp. | examination of faecal specimens for the presence of yersinia spp. during a 1-year period yielded isolations from 3.5% of patients. salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and shigella spp. were isolated from 2.5%, 2.8% and 0.34% of patients respectively. most isolates belonged to y. enterocolitica biotype 1 (53%) and y. frederikseni (39%). the most frequently encountered serotypable strains were serotypes o 5.27 and o 6.30. serotype o 3, the commonly recognised pathogenic strain, was not isolated in ... | 1987 | 3585967 |
| effect of water coagulation by seeds of moringa oleifera on bacterial concentrations. | the effects of a sudanese water purification method traditionally used in sudan to treat turbid waters were studied with respect to turbidity reduction and removal of faecal indicator bacteria as well as selected enteric bacterial pathogens. water treatment was performed at 30 degrees c with moringa oleifera seed material as a coagulant, and the technique employed corresponded closely to that used to clarify turbid water in sudanese villages. a turbidity reduction of 80.0-99.5% paralleled by a p ... | 1987 | 3586089 |
| pediatric gastroenteritis in primary care and in hospitalized patients. | one-hundred and fifty-seven consecutive children below seven years of age (primary care n = 48, hospitalized patients n = 109) with acute gastroenteritis of assumed infectious origin were studied. rotavirus was demonstrated by electron microscopy of faeces in 44% of all patients. the occurrence of rotavirus among patients in primary care, 15%, was significantly lower than among hospitalized patients, 57% (p less than 0.01). adenovirus was isolated in six per cent and enterovirus in two per cent ... | 1987 | 3589234 |
| clinical impact of stool cultures for campylobacter in adults with acute or chronic diarrhea. | campylobacter jejuni has emerged as a frequent cause of diarrhea. during a 12-month period at the houston veterans administration medical center, we isolated c jejuni from 3.4% of the 290 stool cultures from patients with diarrhea. this compared to an isolation rate of 4.1% for salmonella and 3.1% for shigella. during the same period, 17 additional cases of campylobacter-associated diarrhea were identified in adults at the two other baylor college of medicine teaching hospitals. we correlated th ... | 1987 | 3589763 |
| comparative in vitro activity of the new oral cephalosporin bmy-28100. | using a broth microdilution method, the in vitro activity of bmy-28100 against 365 clinical strains of commonly isolated bacteria was determined. bmy-28100 showed good activity against streptococci, methicillin-susceptible staphylococci, salmonella spp., shigella spp., and beta-lactamase producing branhamella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. against susceptible strains of these organisms, bmy-28100 showed activity comparable to that of penicillin g, ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, erythromyci ... | 1987 | 3595580 |
| morbidity and mortality in a diarrhoeal diseases hospital in bangladesh. | records of all patients who were admitted to or who died in dhaka hospital of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh (icddr,b) between july 1980 and 30th june 1981 were reviewed to identify epidemiological characters associated with in-hospital diarrhoeal diseases-related deaths. information on aetiological agents, age, sex, major complications, nutritional status and level of dehydration were analysed. over the one-year period, 3251 patients were admitted to the me ... | 1986 | 3603613 |
| multiyear study of sludge application to farmland: prevalence of bacterial enteric pathogens and antibody status of farm families. | we describe our experience with the isolation of salmonellae from sewage sludge from four treatment plants in different geographic areas of ohio. over 3 years, we isolated salmonellae 50 times from 311 sludge samples. most isolations were made after enrichment in selenite broth (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.). the largest proportion of isolations came from the plant serving the population of columbus, a large metropolitan area. a significantly greater number of isolations from this ... | 1987 | 3606093 |
| [shigella and salmonella isolated in burundi from 1980 to 1985]. | data are presented on 633 strains of shigella, and 197 strains of salmonella, isolated in bujumbura, capital of burundi, between 1980 and 1985. the epidemiology of shigellosis is dominated by the resurgence of the shiga bacillus and by its increasing resistance against all available antibacterial drugs. salmonellosis is caused by a limited range of serotypes, most of them, with the exception of the typhoid bacillus, becoming multiresistant. bacteriaemia with s. enteritidis is a frequent complica ... | 1987 | 3608004 |
| bacterial survey of well water--tehran, iran. | one hundred twenty-one wells throughout the city of tehran were monitored during the four seasons of the year for the presence of bacterial indicators of fecal pollution. none of the sites monitored was connected to tehran's main water distribution system but represented drinking water sources for small communities, individual factories, hospitals, etc. only 17 samples showed no indication of fecal bacterial contamination throughout the study. the remaining sites were positive for at least one o ... | 1987 | 3608933 |
| epidemiology and etiology of diarrhea in colony-born macaca nemestrina. | the epidemiology of diarrhea in colony-born m. nemestrina was studied in 205 neonates and infants in an infant primate research laboratory (iprl), and in 248 neonates, juveniles and adolescents up to 4 years of age at a separate breeding and holding facility (primate field station, pfs). computerized medical records of individual animals over a 5-year period were analyzed to determine the incidence of diarrhea; age, duration and number of episodes; mortality and etiology. the incidence of diarrh ... | 1987 | 3613510 |
| antimicrobial activity of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. | the antimicrobial in vitro activity of 14 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids was investigated by agar diffusion and agar dilution methods against several genera of microorganisms that included streptococcus, staphylococcus, bacillus, lysteria, escherichia, salmonella, klebsiella, pseudomonas, enterobacter, serratia, shigella, mycobacterium and candida. anolobine was the most active compound against grampositive bacteria with mic90 between 12 and 50 mg/l; less active were anonaine, lysicamine and lirio ... | 1987 | 3615557 |
| two year study of cryptosporidium infection. | during a two year period 48 children admitted to hospitals in the blackburn district were found to have cryptosporidium in stool samples. cryptosporidium accounted for 6% of the 742 cases of childhood gastroenteritis, being as common as campylobacter. altogether, 89% of children with cryptosporidiosis had diarrhoea, which was usually offensive and watery, and 80% vomited, the mean duration of both symptoms being six days. a substantial proportion were moderately ill with dehydration and persiste ... | 1987 | 3619472 |
| shigella septicemia: a reminder. | | 1987 | 3625731 |
| predictive value of stool examination in acute diarrhea. | we prospectively evaluate the value of fecal blood and fecal leukocytes in predicting whether acute diarrhea in adults is associated with a stool culture positive for a bacterial pathogen. one hundred thirteen patients, aged 19 to 50 years, seen in a two-year period in an urban adult outpatient setting underwent stool culture for the presenting symptom of diarrhea. heterosexual men represented 48% of the cohort, women represented 17%, and homosexual men represented 35%. overall, 53 (47%) of the ... | 1987 | 3632285 |
| comparison of antibiotic resistance of gram-negative bacilli with beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics. | in 1981 a comparison of the resistance rates of aminoglycosides, penicillins, cephalosporins, and nalidixic acid was made in species of gram-negative rods between a hospital in toulouse, france and one in brooklyn, new york. the results showed similar rates of resistance from both institutions. both institutions showed high rates of aminoglycoside resistance; high ampicillin resistance among salmonella and pseudomonas mirabilis in france and shigella in new york city; similar rates of resistance ... | 1986 | 3633775 |
| production of a unique cytotoxin by campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni is an important diarrheal pathogen worldwide; the mechanisms by which it causes disease remain unclear. because of its association with inflammatory diarrhea, we postulated that c. jejuni might produce a cytotoxin similar to that produced by shigella sp., enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157, or clostridium difficile. filtrates of 12 polymyxin-treated isolates of c. jejuni were placed on hela cells (sensitive to shiga toxin cytotoxicity) and chinese hamster ovary (cho) ce ... | 1987 | 3653987 |
| infections in british clinical laboratories, 1984-5. | during 1984-5 this continuing survey showed that 41 infections occurred in the staff of 193 laboratories, representing 23,043.5 person years of exposure. the community was the probable source of two cases each of hepatitis a and b, one of tuberculosis, two of campylobacter enteritis, and 12 of norwalk viral diarrhoea. occupational exposure was the probable cause of six hepatitis b infections (affecting haematology, biochemistry, and microbiology staff), three of tuberculosis (affecting mortuary ... | 1987 | 3654983 |
| [home-coming diarrhea. presentation of a clinical case]. | the homing diarrhea, described by duhamel and rey in 1980, represents a gastrointestinal disease which affects children of emigrants coming back from a trip to their country of origin and may become so serious to cause death secondary to dehydration or septicemia. the poor nutritional conditions at the beginning of the trip (secondary to low socioeconomic situation) and the onset of acute enteritis during the travel, caused by salmonella or shigella, e. coli, campylobacter, myceti, giardia lambl ... | 1987 | 3658808 |
| the mode of action of shiga toxin on peptide elongation of eukaryotic protein synthesis. | the effect of shiga toxin, from shigella dysenteriae 1, on the component reactions of peptide elongation were investigated. enzymic binding of [3h]phenylalanine-trna to reticulocyte ribosomes was inhibited by 50% at 7 nm toxin. elongation factor 1 (eef-1)-dependent gtpase activity was also inhibited. both reactions were not restored by addition of excess eef-1 protein. in contrast, toxin concentrations of 200 nm were required to inhibit by 50% the elongation factor 2 (eef-2)-dependent translocat ... | 1987 | 3663122 |
| leukemoid reaction in shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection. | | 1987 | 3666850 |
| crystal violet ring response as a marker for in vitro detection of pathogenic vibrio parahaemolyticus & shigella spp. | | 1987 | 3666851 |
| properties of equine anti-lipopolysaccharide hyperimmune plasma: binding to lipopolysaccharide and bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria. | anti-lipopolysaccharide equine hyperimmune plasma (anti-lps), which has been used successfully to treat lps (endotoxin)-mediated disorders, has been further characterised. igg present in anti-lps had the highest affinity for lps prepared from salmonella typhimurium, s. typhi, s. abortus equi and shigella flexneri and intermediate affinity for escherichia coli o55:b5, e. coli o127:b8 and s. enteritidis. anti-lps destroyed by means of complement activation a wide range of gram-negative bacteria, i ... | 1987 | 3669052 |
| [evaluation of the effectiveness of bacteriologic studies in detecting salmonella and shigella in healthy persons under sanitary surveillance in poland 1976-1985]. | | 1987 | 3669801 |
| serotyping of plesiomonas shigelloides strains with our own antigenic scheme. an attempted epidemiological study. | thirty-four o and 19 h sera were used to test 169 strains of plesiomonas shigelloides from several countries of three continents. the most frequent o serovar was o17 (o antigen identical with shigella sonnei phase i) which occurred in the oh serovar combinations: o17:c, o17:d and o17:f. some oh serovars were represented by a single strain; others, despite the small number of strains in hand, were evidently ubiquitous, having been isolated in mutually distant countries or at long time intervals. ... | 1987 | 3673335 |
| production of bacteriocin-like agents of budvicia aquatica and "pragia fontium". | in cultures of 9 budvicia aquatica and 5 "pragia fontium" strains production of distinct bacteriocin-like agents was proved. it is suggested to call them aquaticins and fonticins. they display strain specific antibacterial activities towards both genera; however, they are not active towards escherichia coli or shigella sonnei indicators. their inhibition zones are conspicuously narrow (turbid or clear). their spontaneous production may be enhanced by uv-induction of producing bacteria. they are ... | 1987 | 3673338 |
| empirical treatment of shigella dysentery with trimethoprim: five-day course vs. single dose. | fifty-three adults hospitalized with shigella dysentery were empirically treated with trimethoprim (200 mg) twice/day for 5 days, a single dose of trimethoprim (600 mg), or placebo in a randomized double-blind trial. during the first 24 hr of therapy, there was a reduction in the number of stools in 18/21 (86%) of patients treated with the 5-day regimen (trimethoprim-5) and 13/15 (87%) of patients treated with a single dose (trimethoprim-1), compared with 7/17 (41%) of the placebo group (p less ... | 1987 | 3688315 |
| a prospective epidemiologic study of shigellosis in the israel defense forces: implications for the use of shigella vaccines. | recent development of new shigella vaccines has renewed interest in the current epidemiology of shigellosis in endemic regions. a prospective epidemiologic study of 5,774 soldiers was carried out in the israel defense forces, between the months of may and september 1984. shigellosis was found to be responsible for half the diarrhea epidemics and only rarely presented as sporadic cases of diarrhea. the epidemics occurred after exposure to field conditions, whereas under fixed military base condit ... | 1987 | 3692749 |
| nalidixic acid in resistant shigella infection. | | 1987 | 3693298 |
| [shigella and salmonella in butare (rwanda) 1981-1984]. | | 1986 | 3718022 |
| [plesiomones shigelloides isolated from diarrhea patients and zoo animals]. | | 1986 | 3719687 |
| serum immune response to shigella protein antigens in rhesus monkeys and humans infected with shigella spp. | the serum antibody response to proteins encoded by the virulence-associated plasmid of shigella flexneri was determined in monkeys challenged with virulent s. flexneri serotype 2a. with water-extractable antigen in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a significant increase in antibody titer against proteins from a plasmid-carrying, virulent strain of s. flexneri serotype 5 could be demonstrated in convalescent sera. there were minimal antibody titers against proteins from an avirulent (plasmid ... | 1986 | 3721580 |
| growth of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica biotype 3b serotype o3 inhibited on cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin agar. | a total of 169 strains of yersinia spp. were analyzed for their ability to grow on two different kinds of cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin (cin) agar containing 15 or 4 micrograms of cefsulodin per ml, on salmonella-shigella agar, and on macconkey agar. cin media inhibited the growth of yersinia pseudotuberculosis and yersinia enterocolitica biotype 3b serotype o3 (3b/o3) but not the growth of the other yersinia organisms used. relative to growth on trypticase soy agar (bbl microbiology systems, co ... | 1986 | 3722357 |
| antibiotic resistance and conjugative r plasmids in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in peninsular malaysia. | twenty-five strains of enterobacteria, isolated from man in peninsular malaysia and consisting of seven enterobacter spp., five escherichia coli, five salmonella spp., four klebsiella spp., two shigella spp., one proteus sp. and and one providencia sp., were tested for antibiotic resistance and conjugative r plasmids. they were all sensitive to nalidixic acid and resistant to at least three antibiotics. the number of resistances ranged from 3 to 11 antibiotics, including cefoperazone and sisomic ... | 1986 | 3726978 |
| in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone, compared with that of other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of ci-934, a new 4-quinolone, was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the mics for 90% of the isolates tested were 0.25 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.5 microgram/ml for streptococcus faecalis, 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, and less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and citrobacter spp. ci-934 had activity ... | 1986 | 3729343 |
| salmonellae and other enteropathogenic bacteria in the intestines of wall geckos in nigeria. | the aerobic bacterial flora of the intestine of 150 wall geckos (hemidactylus brookei) was investigated. a variety of bacteria was recovered including 35 isolates of salmonella and several other species of enterobacteriaceae, viz. shigella sonnei - 2, edwardsiella tarda - 4, enterobacter spp - 8, citrobacter freudii - 3, serratia marcescens - 3, proteus spp - 35, klebsiella pneumoniae - 13, and escherichia coli - 17, isolates. eight salmonella serotypes were identified, the predominant ones bein ... | 1986 | 3729372 |
| measles-associated diarrhoea in northeastern thailand. | a significant proportion of the illness and death of diarrhoeal diseases in the developing world is estimated to be due to the diarrhoea associated with measles. during february 1983-january 1984 a prospective study of measles in a hospital in northeastern thailand was conducted. a total of 550 cases of measles were studied. diarrhoea was the most frequent complication of measles, occurring in 233 cases (42.4%). the largest proportion (46.2%) of cases with diarrhoea occurred in may-july. childre ... | 1986 | 3738607 |
| campylobacter jejuni in hospitalized children with diarrhoea in chiang mai, thailand. | in this hospital based study, campylobacter jejuni, although endemic in northern thailand was not found in a significantly higher percentage of diarrhoea than in control children. it was isolated from the stools of 14 of 208 diarrhoea (6.7%) and 6 of 108 (5.5%) control patients. ten of the 14 positive diarrhoea cases were mixed infections, other pathogens isolated simultaneously were enteropathogenic e. coli 4x, shigella spp. 3x, salmonella spp. 4x, rotavirus 3x, plesiomonas shigelloides 1x and ... | 1986 | 3738608 |
| generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys. | necropsy materials from 57 cases of generalized amyloidosis in rhesus monkeys were reviewed. clinically, animals with the disease were characterized by cachexia with muscle wasting, recurrent diarrhea, and arthritis. gross lesions included hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, chronic/active colitis, fibrous strictures of the cecocolic junction, osteoarthritis, and generalized muscle atrophy. histologic examination revealed minimal to severe deposits of amyloid in the small intestine (100%), spleen (93%), ... | 1986 | 3750736 |
| pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea: rabbit intestinal cell microvillus membrane binding site for shigella toxin. | this study examined the binding of purified 125i-labeled shigella toxin to rabbit jejunal microvillus membranes (mvms). toxin binding was concentration dependent, saturable, reversible, and specifically inhibited by unlabeled toxin. the calculated number of toxin molecules bound at 4 degrees c was 7.9 x 10(10) (3 x 10(10) to 2 x 10(11))/micrograms of mvm protein or 1.2 x 10(6) per enterocyte. scatchard analysis showed the binding site to be of a single class with an equilibrium association const ... | 1986 | 3755421 |
| effect of shigella toxin on preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro. | preimplantation mouse embryos at the 4-cell to 8-cell stage were exposed to shigella dysenteriae toxin at concentrations of 0.001-100 pg/ml in vitro. the effect of the toxin was studied by morphological observation of the embryos to the blastocyst stage, by assessing protein synthesis with 14c-leucine incorporation, and by measuring embryonic adenosine triphosphate (atp) content. preimplantation mouse embryos were highly sensitive to the toxin. all variables investigated were adversely influence ... | 1986 | 3755556 |
| [hygienic study of the redistribution of pathogenic enterobacteria in an aqueous environment as affected by surface-active substances]. | | 1986 | 3758704 |
| cryptosporidiosis in a hospital-associated day care center. | cryptosporidium was identified in the stools of infants and toddlers during an outbreak of diarrheal illness at a hospital-associated day care center. stools from 42 of 54 children were examined for parasites, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter and rotavirus; 27 children (64%) had cryptosporidium. one child also had salmonella and two other children were also found to have giardia. information regarding the severity and duration of symptoms was obtained from parents by means of a questionnaire. ... | 1986 | 3763417 |
| campylobacter enteritis--a college campus average incidence and a prospective study of the risk factors for exposure. | in a prospective study over two years at a university student health center, the average incidence for campylobacter enteritis was 4.5 cases per 1,000 students for a nine-month academic year. male students were more likely to submit a stool specimen for examination and were more likely to have campylobacter enteritis. campylobacter enteritis was ten times more common than salmonella and shigella enteritis combined. the only identifiable increased risk for campylobacter enteritis developing among ... | 1986 | 3765614 |
| novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose agar: new medium for isolation of salmonellae. | a new medium, called novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose (nbg) agar, was developed for the isolation of salmonella spp. and evaluated against other conventionally used media including bismuth sulfite, xylose-lysine decarboxylase, brilliant green-sulfa, hektoen enteric, and salmonella-shigella agars. nbg had recovery rates comparable to the other enteric media tested with pure cultures as well as with naturally contaminated amphibian and reptile waters and fecal specimens. however, nbg, hektoen en ... | 1986 | 3767359 |
| gastroenteritis etiology in a university hospital during 1983. | this paper reports the results of a microbiological study of the patients seen with diarrhea at the hospital de la santa creu i sant pau (barcelona) through 1983. two thousand seven hundred sixty three specimens were studied in search of an enteropathogenic bacteria, 1341 were submitted to parasitologic study and 684 to rotavirus search. two hundred fifty one salmonella spp., 233 c. jejuni, 152 shigella spp., 47 yersinia spp., 96 g. intestinalis and 181 positive rotavirus specimens were detected ... | 1986 | 3770153 |
| complete amino acid sequence of shigella toxin b-chain. a novel polypeptide containing 69 amino acids and one disulfide bridge. | the complete amino acid sequence of the b-chain of shigella toxin has been determined using both liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. it reveals a 69-amino acid peptide with a single disulfide bridge, predicting a subunit molecular weight of 7691. no asn-x-ser(thr) sequence was found, confirming the absence of potential n-glycosylation sites. a computer data bank search using a mutation data matrix did not detect any similarity greater than 30% with known sequences to date, indicating a novel prim ... | 1986 | 3771511 |
| colonic dysfunction during shigellosis. | to study the pathogenesis of shigella diarrhea, we evaluated 11 patients for colonic fluid and electrolyte flux. methods used were subtraction of the fecal flow rate from the ileocecal flow rate and colonoscopic perfusion of the colon. the mean ileocecal flow rate was 0.57 ml/min compared with a mean fecal flow rate of 0.48 ml/min, and the mean of the differences showed a slight net colonic water absorption of +0.09 ml/min. with use of perfusion, these patients showed an overall mean of slight n ... | 1986 | 3772163 |
| faecal carriage rate of yersinia species. | a total of 1,203 unselected routine faecal samples from 1,006 patients were cultured for yersinia species by a cold enrichment technique. seventy-five specimens (6.1%) from 63 patients were culture-positive for yersinia spp. fifty-two were yersinia enterocolitica, 22 yersinia frederiksenii and 1 yersinia intermedia. the predominant y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to biotype 1 - serotype 0:6, 30 or serotype 0:5, 27. y. frederiksenii strains were non-typable. forty isolates were recovered from ... | 1986 | 3782782 |
| a survey of plasmids in the clinically isolated shigella strains and their invasive ability and antibiotic resistances. | | 1986 | 3784307 |
| frequency of four classes of tetracycline resistance determinants in salmonella and shigella spp. clinical isolates. | the frequencies of tetracycline resistance determinants of the classes a, b, c, and d were determined in 53 non-lactose-fermenting clinical isolates. the most frequent class of determinant in salmonella typhimurium and shigella flexneri strains was class b; however, the predominant determinant in shigella sonnei strains was class c. | 1986 | 3789700 |
| the relative importance of various enteropathogens as a cause of diarrhoea in hospitalized children in chiang mai, thailand. | a study of 208 children aged under 15 hospitalized with diarrhea and 108 matched controls was conducted at chiang mai university hospital, chiang mai, thailand from may 1983 to april 1984 to investigate the incidence, seasonal distribution, and causative agents of diarrhea. 1 or more enteropathogens were isolated from 121 (58%) diarrhea patients and from 32 (30%) controls. in diarrhea patients, shigella spp. were most frequently isolated (22%) followed by enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epe ... | 1986 | 3794260 |
| a comparison of the clinico-pathological features with stool pathogens in patients hospitalised with the symptom of diarrhoea. | the clinico-pathological features of 515 adult patients admitted to a major regional infectious diseases unit in united kingdom with the symptom complex of diarrhoea were compared to the pathogens detected in their stool specimens. routine clinical examination supported by basic pathological and laboratory investigations identified 138 (28%) in whom the cause of diarrhoea was extragastrointestinal or non-infectious gastrointestinal. of the 351 patients (72%) with infectious gastroenteritis 72 (2 ... | 1986 | 3810049 |
| chemical characterization of enterobacterial common antigen isolated from plesiomonas shigelloides atcc 14029. | serologically characterized samples of enterobacterial common antigen (eca) from plesiomonas shigelloides, salmonella montevideo and shigella sonnei were investigated by chemical methods including methylation and nmr techniques. all showed the same sugar composition and contained a lipid moiety with palmitic acid as main fatty acid and with a phosphodiester group. additional enzymatic studies, reported in the preceding paper, provided evidence that the lipid moiety is an l-glycerophosphatidyl re ... | 1987 | 3816787 |
| qualitative and quantitative determination of enterobacterial common antigen (eca) with monoclonal antibodies: expression of eca by two actinobacillus species. | the presence and quantity of the enterobacterial common antigen (eca) in several species belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae as well as to other gram-negative families were determined by a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system and western blotting by using mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for eca. except for erwinia chrysanthemi, previously known to be an exception, all species known or presumed to belong to enterobacteriaceae produced eca (89 of 90 species). most speci ... | 1987 | 3818929 |
| rapid catalase supplemental test for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | a simple, rapid, semiquantitative slide catalase test useful for differentiating members of the family enterobacteriaceae is described. judging by the time required for appearance of oxygen bubbles in 3% hydrogen peroxide, the immediate catalase reactors were yersinia, serratia, proteus, morganella, providencia, cedecea, and hafnia spp. the delayed catalase reactors were escherichia, shigella, klebsiella, enterobacter, salmonella, citrobacter, edwardsiella, kluyvera, and tatumella spp. this info ... | 1987 | 3818934 |
| incidence of shigellosis and multi-drug resistant shigellae: a 10 year study. | between 1976 and 1985 a total of 12,709 faecal samples were cultured. from these samples 760 strains (6.0%) of shigellae were isolated. shigella flexneri was the commonest isolate (55%), followed by s. dysenteriae (29.7%). a total of 15.7% of children under 5 years of age were positive for shigellae. the rate of isolation was lower during the winter months than in the summer months. only 25 strains (3.3%) were sensitive to all five antibiotics tested. a total of 617 (81.2%) were resistant to thr ... | 1987 | 3820357 |
| [resistance patterns in shigella]. | diarrhea is the most common health problem in travelers to tropical countries. shigellae are not the primary cause but often provoke clinically relevant diseases that call for treatment. therefore, we have analyzed resistance patterns in all shigella strains isolated at this department over 1 1/2 years. of 107 isolates 77% were resistant to tetracycline, 33% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 31% to ampicillin, and only 2% to nalidixic acid. differences in resistance patterns for isolates of diff ... | 1986 | 3823818 |
| scombroid poisoning: mini-review with case histories. | scombroid poisoning has become an almost world-wide medical problem. it is probably the most common cause of fish poisoning, although frequently misdiagnosed as "salmonella infection'. while there remains some question as to the definitive etiology, there is little doubt that the poisoning is caused by the ingestion of certain mackerel-like fishes whose tissues have undergone a number of changes provoked by bacteria, and involving the conversion of histidine to histamine, potentiated by diamines ... | 1986 | 3824404 |
| [population aspects of shigella interaction with the mucosa of explanted fragments of the human fetal intestine]. | | 1986 | 3825279 |
| disseminated extraintestinal isosporiasis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | this report describes a 38-year-old male homosexual with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and a history of isospora belli infestation treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. at autopsy, intracellular and extracellular i. belli organisms were identified in the mucosa and lamina propria of small and large intestine as well as in mesenteric and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, where an associated granulomatous reaction was also present. until now, isosporiasis has been observed as intrac ... | 1987 | 3826017 |
| [drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, isolated from 435 acute diarrhea patients in hiu hau city]. | | 1985 | 3833376 |
| aetiology of diarrhoea in malnourished children at kenyatta national hospital. | 3 groups of children aged 0-5 years were studied at kenyatta national hospital between september 1983 and september 1984 to determine the incidence of enteric agents causing diarrhea in infants and children. the 1st group consisted of children with diarrhea alone, the 2nd group had diarrhea and kwashiorkor, and the 3rd had diarrhea and marasmus. diarrhea occurring alone peaked in the 0-5 month age group; diarrhea and marasmus peaked in the 6-11 month group, and diarrhea and kwashiorkor, the 6- ... | 1985 | 3835063 |
| shigellosis in children--prevalence of subgroups and antibiotic resistance. | | 1985 | 3836974 |
| changes in incidence of shigella subgroups and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in vellore, south india. | investigations were carried out on faecal samples of cases of diarrhoea presenting at a hospital in vellore, south india, over a period of 1 year. pathogens were identified and tested for susceptibility to a number of antibiotics. blood cultures were carried out where septicaemia was suspected. it was found that the relative frequencies of the shigella subgroups have changed since previous reports. the paper reports changing resistance patterns of shigellae to antibiotics and the existence of a ... | 1985 | 3837119 |
| [gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics in foods]. | from 154 food samples, including vegetables (lettuce), milk and meals served at school it was possible to isolate and identify 400 gram negative bacilli distributed among 339 enteric bacteria (escherichia, shigella, citrobacter, klebsiella, enterobacter, serratia and proteus) and other 61 non enteric bacilli (acinetobacter, flavobacterium, aeromonas and pseudomonas). submitting this cultures to the drugs sulfadiazine (su), streptomycin (sm), tetracycline (tc), chloramphenicol (cm), kanamycin (km ... | 1985 | 3837834 |
| emporiatric enteritis: lessons learned from u.s. students in mexico. | in the studies reported, evidence has been presented that u.s. students traveling to mexico represent a model for the study of travelers' diarrhea. the incidence of illness acquisition approximates that published in other studies of travelers. natural immunity was shown to develop as students remained in mexico presumably through repeated exposure to prevalent agents, particularly etec. etec, shigella strains and no detectable agent represented the largest groups when etiologic assessment was ma ... | 1986 | 3837965 |
| medical problems of the homosexual adolescent. | physicians treating adolescents should take a complete sexual history, including sexual orientation and practices, to determine whether their patients are homosexually active. lesbians are at very low risk for sexually transmitted diseases, but they do have other health concerns. four general groups of conditions may be encountered in homosexually active men: classical sexually transmitted diseases (gonorrhea, infections with chlamydia trachomatis, syphilis, herpes simplex infections, genital wa ... | 1985 | 3839219 |
| infectious drug resistance and antibiotic resistance curing in salmonella and shigella isolates from cases of diarrhoea. | | 1985 | 3842784 |
| shigella toxin and the pathogenesis of shigellosis. | shigella dysenteriae 1 produces a periplasmic protein with multiple toxic effects in vivo and in vitro. these include neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity, as well as the ability to inhibit cell-free protein synthesis. the purified toxin is a protein of relative molecular mass (mr) 64 000. it is composed of one catalytically active a subunit (mr = 32 000) that inhibits protein synthesis, and a complex of five b monomers (mr approximately 6500 each). studies using subunit-specific antib ... | 1985 | 3847336 |
| sensitivity of salmonella and shigella to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents in sudan. | antibacterial sensitivity tests were done for 513 salmonellae and 133 shigellae. salmonella strains were divided into three groups: 336 salmonella typhi, 134 salmonellae isolated from cases of gastroenteritis and 43 salmonellae isolated from non-human sources. all salmonellae and shigellae were sensitive to chloramphenicol. all salmonellae were sensitive to co-trimoxazole, while shigellae showed 18% of resistance. salmonella resistance to ampicillin was low compared with a high resistance in shi ... | 1985 | 3853591 |
| in-vitro activity of ofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid compared to other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. | ofloxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid compound. its activity against 900 bacterial isolates was determined. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, yersinia enterocolitica at less than or equal to 0.8 mg/l. branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus sp., neisseria sp. were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l. pseudomonas aeruginosa and other ps ... | 1985 | 3865923 |
| [anti-bacterial effect of ofloxacin--in vitro and in vivo results]. | gram (-) bacteria such as e. coli, b. proteus, klebsiella and pseudomonas sp were found to be sensitive to ofloxacin 98.3%, 96.7%, 96.9%, and 89.1% respectively. among gram (+) bacteria, 98% of staph aureus and 95% of staph epidermidis were susceptible to this drug. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ofloxacin for the shigella strains have been found to be between 0.1-0.05 mcg/ml (76%) and 0.05-0.025 mcg/ml (20%). thirty three patients with various infection have been treated with ofloxaci ... | 1985 | 3868736 |
| triggering infections in reactive arthritis. | certain microbes like yersinia, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, chlamydia, and possibly gonococcus can trigger reactive arthritis especially in patients of the hla-b27 type. in the present study we have used serological and culture methods to identify the probable triggering infection in 50 consecutive hla-b27 positive patients diagnosed as having reactive arthritis. the two most common triggering agents thus identified were yersinia enterocolitica (12 patients) and chlamydia trachomatis (1 ... | 1985 | 3874607 |
| in-vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory properties of a new penem antibiotic, sch 34343. | sch 34343 is a new penem antibiotic. its in-vitro activity was determined against gram-positive and -negative aerobic and anaerobic isolates. sch 34343 inhibited 90% of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella spp, citrobacter spp. and shigella spp. at less than 1 mg/1. ninety per cent of strains of enterobacter, morganella and providencia spp. were inhibited by less than 4 mg/1. sch 34343 did not inhibit pseudomonas spp., and it had slightly less activit ... | 1985 | 3875603 |
| yersinia enterocolitica infection in children. | the role of yersinia enterocolitica as a human pathogen has been documented in publications from over 30 countries, and y. enterocolitica has been recognized increasingly to cause gastrointestinal disease in children. in 1979, an australian survey yielded only three isolates of y. enterocolitica from 3298 faecal specimens obtained from adults. we screened all stool specimens received during a 22-month period for yersinia by means of a recently developed selective agar medium. y. enterocolitica w ... | 1985 | 3877859 |
| the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy 7 beta acyl ureido cephalosporin. | the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy ureido cephalosporin, was determined against 726 clinical isolates. ninety percent of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii, salmonella, and shigella species were inhibited by less than or equal to 6.3 micrograms/ml. cefbuperazone was more active than cefamandole, cefoxitin and piperacillin against these species. concentrat ... | 1985 | 3879464 |
| effect of antigen form on local immunoglobulin a memory response of intestinal secretions to shigella flexneri. | an enhanced memory response, as shown by increased titers of specific immunoglobulin a (iga), was seen in intestinal secretions from isolated thiry-vella loops in rabbits primed orally with live, locally invasive shigella sp. x16 and challenged 60 days later with a single oral dose of the same antigen. heat-killed shigella preparations, when used as either the priming or challenge antigen, did not elicit such a memory response in this system. in the present study, the role of antigen form and do ... | 1985 | 3880720 |
| shiga-like cytotoxin production by enteropathogenic escherichia coli serogroups. | the mechanism by which enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) cause disease remains to be defined. we studied epec and non-epec strains of e. coli from stool specimens obtained from infants and adults for production of shiga-like cytotoxin. although it was common for healthy infants and adults to have cytotoxin-producing e. coli as part of the fecal flora, shiga-like cytotoxin was detected more commonly and in greater amounts among epec than among other fecal e. coli. these results suggest a r ... | 1985 | 3880727 |
| addition of three new serotypes of shigella boydii to the shigella schema. | no new serotypes have been added to the shigella schema since 1958, although several provisional serotypes have been described. we conducted biochemical and serological studies on three provisional shigella boydii serotypes. four strains of serotype 2710-54 from four widely separated countries, 7 strains of serotype 3615-53 from three different countries, and 31 strains of serotype 1344-78 (e10163) from six different countries were included. reactions of all three serotypes were consistent with ... | 1985 | 3881469 |
| an animal model of haemolytic--uraemic syndrome in shigellosis: lipopolysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae i and s. flexneri produce leucocyte-mediated renal cortical necrosis in rabbits. | to develop an animal model of the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome during shigellosis, rabbits were injected with lipopolysaccharides (lps) extracted by the hot phenol-water method from shigella dysenteriae i and from s. flexneri. two intravenous injections of lps spaced by 24 h elicited renal cortical necrosis in a generalized shwartzman reaction characterized by fibrin deposition in glomerular capillaries and by elevated plasma creatinine concentration. rabbits rendered leucopenic by busulphan trea ... | 1985 | 3882120 |
| an epidemic of shigellosis in a day-care centre in quebec. | | 1985 | 3882213 |
| antibacterial activity of the pancreatic fluid. | the antibacterial activity of canine pancreatic fluid was investigated in an attempt to understand the resistance of this organ, when intact, to ascending bacterial infections. the pancreatic fluid demonstrated bactericidal activity against escherichia coli, shigella species, salmonella species, and klebsiella pneumoniae; bacteriostatic activity against coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci and pseudomonas aeruginosa; and fungistatic activity against candida albicans. there was ... | 1985 | 3882511 |
| a new provisional serovar of shigella dysenteriae. | bacterial isolates obtained in israel from stool cultures of 17 sporadic cases of acute diarrhea during the years 1972 to 1980 and from 14 patients involved in an institutional outbreak in 1984 are described. these cultures gave the biochemical reactions and pathogenicity tests characteristics of the genus shigella but failed to agglutinate, living or boiled, in any of the recognized or provisional shigella antisera. all 31 cultures were biochemically and serologically identical, and owing to th ... | 1985 | 3882749 |
| clinical and laboratory features of yersinia, campylobacter and salmonella infections in children. | clinical and laboratory findings of 78 paediatric patients with infections due to enteroinvasive bacteria were analysed. the material included 33 cases of yersinia enterocolitica, 21 of campylobacter jejuni, 21 of salmonella and 2 of shigella infection, reflecting the current order of frequency ot these enteropathogens in finnish paediatric population. diarrhoea was the presenting symptom in 73% of the cases with yersinia, 90% with campylobacter and 100% with salmonella. conversely, abdominal pa ... | 1985 | 3883048 |
| fifty-four shigella sonnei colicin types and their typing by specific indicator strains. | fifty-four s. sonnei colicin types and 92 indicator strains used for their determination are listed. most of the indicators were prepared by conjugational transfer of col factors from shigellae to the recipient strains of e. coli k13 hfrr nalr and e. coli k12 row or by selection of resistant mutants of these strains or by combination of both methods. ten indicators are s. sonnei strains. the indicator strains are suitable for e. coli colicin typing. | 1985 | 3884471 |
| rabbit antisera against three different bacteria which can induce reactive arthritis: analysis by elisa, immunoprecipitation and western blot. | three strains of bacteria which induce reactive arthritis were collected: a shigella flexneri, designated 7060; another sh. flexneri, designated 316; and a yersinia enterocolitica of serotype 03. rabbit antisera were generated against each of them to test for the extent and nature of cross-reactivity among these strains. when analysed by the elisa technique, antisera against 7060 and 316 showed strong cross-reactivity with y. enterocolitica. in contrast, the reaction of antisera prepared against ... | 1985 | 3884493 |
| plaque formation by virulent shigella flexneri. | an in vitro tissue culture plaque assay was developed to investigate the intracellular replication and intercellular spread of virulent shigellae. shigella plaques were formed in hela cell monolayers in the presence of an agarose overlay containing tissue culture medium and gentamicin, which eliminated extracellular bacterial growth. microscopically, the plaques were characterized by a central area of dead host cells surrounded by cells infected with shigellae. cells further away from the plaque ... | 1985 | 3884506 |
| cloning the gene for congo red binding in shigella flexneri. | the ability to bind the dye congo red from agar medium is associated with virulence of shigella species. dna sequences conferring this property have been cloned from a large, 140-kilobase plasmid of shigella flexneri into a plasmid vector. this recombinant plasmid does not fully restore virulence to s. flexneri isolates which have lost the large plasmid. this indicates that other genes present on the 140-kilobase plasmid must also be required for virulence of s. flexneri. the cloned fragment con ... | 1985 | 3884508 |
| modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting enteroinvasive escherichia coli and virulent shigella strains. | immune sera were produced in rabbits with living cells of an enteroinvasive o143 strain of escherichia coli. to remove o and k antibodies, sera were absorbed with an avirulent derivative of the same strain. in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, absorbed sera reacted specifically with only virulent shigella strains and enteroinvasive e. coli strains of different geographical origin, regardless of species or serogroups. the investigation of 83 strains indicated complete agreement between enzym ... | 1985 | 3884658 |
| shigella flexneri bacteraemia. | shigellosis is usually a non-invasive enteric disease, rarely accompanied by extra-intestinal manifestations. shigella septicaemia is therefore reported in a child aged 10 months. in the laboratory the organism was resistant to ampicillin and only moderately susceptible to chloramphenicol. the patient responded well to cotrimoxazole to which the organism isolated was susceptible in vitro. we recommend that blood as well as faeces should be cultured in exceptionally ill patients with suspected or ... | 1985 | 3884717 |
| studies of metabolites in diarrheal stool specimens containing shigella species by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. | eleven diarrheal stool specimens and 10 control stool specimens from cairo, egypt, were studied by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography (fpec-glc). four cases involving shigella sonnei, three cases involving shigella boydii, and four cases involving shigella flexneri were studied. the aqueous stools were centrifuged, extracted with organic solvents, and derivatized to form specific electron-capturing derivatives of carboxylic acids, alcohols, hydroxy acids, and amines. ana ... | 1985 | 3886695 |
| plasmid characterization of drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae 1 from an epidemic in central africa. | a widespread epidemic of severe dysentery in zaire and neighbouring central african countries was caused by a multiply drug-resistant strain of shigella dysenteriae 1. early isolations were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines (r-type = acssut). later in the epidemic strains resistant to trimethoprim (tm) became prevalent and a few strains resistant to kanamycin (k) or nalidixic acid were also isolated. all resistances except nalidixic acid were ... | 1985 | 3886782 |
| to shigellosis epidemicity in east-slovakian region. | a set of 2227 strains of shigella sonnei isolated from dysentery patients in east-slovakian region from 1975 through 1977 was analyzed by age and sex of patients, place and time of isolation, and by phage type, colicin type and antibiogram patterns of strains. the study showed that some phage types tended to occur in association with certain colicin types, the most common combination being that of phage type 75 and col factór ei (86% of strains). in 1976 and 1977 this phage type gradually replac ... | 1985 | 3886785 |
| shiga toxin--an expanding role in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. | | 1985 | 3886803 |
| [intestinal dysbacteriosis in patients with dysentery and gastritis with secretory insufficiency]. | | 1985 | 3887752 |