| biosynthesis of isochorismate in klebsiella pneumoniae: origin of o-2. | the shikimate metabolites are key precursors to a large number of natural products, including aromatic amino acids. chorismic acid is an important branch point in the biosynthetic pathway to aromatic amino acids. chorismic acid is also unique among natural products since it is the only compound known to undergo an enzymatic claisen rearrangement. a metabolite of chorismic acid, isochorismic acid, first observed in aerobacter aerogenes differs in its chemical structure by the location of the hydr ... | 1991 | 1913340 |
| cloning and characterization of the nifa gene from herbaspirillum seropedicae strain z78. | a genomic library of herbaspirillum seropedicae was constructed and screened for the nifa gene by complementation of a nifa mutant of azospirillum brasilense (fp10). a recombinant plasmid, pems1, capable of restoring acetylene reduction activity in the mutant fp10, was isolated and found to hybridize to the nifa gene of klebsiella pneumoniae. the results suggest that nifa is involved in the regulation of nif genes in h. seropedicae. | 1991 | 1913346 |
| [beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistant phenotypes in enterobacteria isolated in pediatrics]. | beta-lactams and aminoglycosides are widely used in the therapy of serious gram negative infections in pediatrics. in order to survey acquired resistance, the phenotype of resistance to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides were characterized for 260 strains of enterobacteriaceae among the mainly isolated species in pediatrics. these phenotypes were established according to the results of the disk susceptibility tests for beta-lactams respectively ampicillin, ticarcillin, cefaloridin and cefotaxim, a ... | 1991 | 1914045 |
| in vitro studies with bay v 3522, a new oral cephalosporin. | the in vitro activities of bay v 3522, cefaclor, cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefixime, amoxicillin/clavulanate (2:1) and reference penicillins were compared against 314 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and nine strains of escherichia coli that differed in their outer membrane proteins in agar dilution tests with an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/spot. the beta-lactamase stabilities of the cephalosporins were also evaluated by spectrophotometric assay using 21 different beta-lacta ... | 1991 | 1914843 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime against bacterial isolates obtained from patients with cancer. | the in vitro activity of cefpodoxime, an oral cephalosporin ester, against 792 bacterial isolates representing 36 species was evaluated in comparison to that of ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). cefpodoxime inhibited the majority of streptococcus spp., haemophilus influenzae and proteus mirabilis at a concentration of less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. it was also active against citrobacter diversus, escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus vulgaris, serratia mar ... | 1991 | 1915401 |
| [dynamics of the survival of k. pneumoniae and p. aeruginosa in a water environment in experimental conditions]. | | 1991 | 1916362 |
| optimization of growth and secretion of human monoclonal antibodies by hybridomas cultured in serum-free media. | to facilitate the production and purification of human monoclonal antibodies, we evaluated the ability of human hybridomas to adapt to chemically defined-serum free media. from a panel of human hybridomas secreting antibody against serotype specific lipopolysaccharide determinants of gram-negative bacteria, the growth and secretion properties of the two hybridomas producing antibodies against two strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, 4-8kh15 and 4-10kh139, were analysed. both clones did not grow in ... | 1991 | 1916851 |
| rufloxacin once daily in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in this open study the efficacy and tolerability of rufloxacin in a single dose of 400 mg the first day and 200 mg the nine consecutive days was studied in 26 patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. twenty-two patients were evaluable for efficacy. four patients stopped treatment prematurely after five days because of clinical cure. at the enrollment visit a pathogen was isolated in the sputum sample in 19 of 22 evaluable patients. the predominant pathogens were streptococcus p ... | 1991 | 1917050 |
| axenic cultivation of the anaerobic free-living ciliate trimyema compressum. | the strain n of trimyema compressum, an anaerobic free-living ciliate, was cultivated axenically in a medium containing a buffered salt solution, yeast extract, trypticase, and glutathione. dead bacteria were indispensable as food; a culture of the ciliate together with heat-killed klebsiella pneumoniae has been established for more than one year. in the medium described, the ciliates grow to a higher cell density than in cultures with living bacteria as food. during the process of axenization, ... | 1991 | 1920151 |
| [bacteriological study on fosfomycin against organisms clinically isolated from paranasal sinusitis]. | multi-center bacteriological and clinical studies on fosfomycin (fom) nasal solution were performed in subjects with paranasal sinusitis from january, 1988 to may, 1990. in these studies, we were exclusively responsible for bacterial isolation from clinical sources, bacterial identification and the determination of drug susceptibility. before local administration of fom nasal solution, many strains of various bacterial species were isolated from sources totalling 396 cases involved in phase ii c ... | 1991 | 1920807 |
| [clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the internal medicine]. | fifty-two patients with moderate or severe infections associated with internal medicine were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) and the efficacy and the safety of this drug were evaluated. there were 20 patients with pneumonia, 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections, 9 with sepsis, 2 with pyothorax, 3 with intraabdominal infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with infective endocarditis, 4 with fever of unknown origin. for ... | 1991 | 1920813 |
| pneumonia. pearls for interpreting patients' radiographs. | the chest radiograph can detect pneumonia, but laboratory evaluation is needed to determine the specific causative organism. however, before these results become available, a presumptive diagnosis can be made with the help of chest radiography. a lobar pattern on radiography is usually produced by pneumococcal and klebsiella infections. a lobular (bronchopneumonia) pattern may be produced by staphylococcus, gram-negative organisms, and anaerobes. an interstitial pattern results from viral, mycop ... | 1991 | 1924016 |
| the bacillus subtilis sigl gene encodes an equivalent of sigma 54 from gram-negative bacteria. | the levanase operon in bacillus subtilis is expressed from a -12, -24 promoter and transcription is stimulated by the regulator levr, which contains a domain homologous with the central domain of the nifa and ntrc family of regulators. we isolated mutants defective in the expression of the levanase operon. these strains contain mutations that define a gene, called sigl, located between cysb and sacb on the genetic map. the sigl gene was cloned and sequenced. it encodes a polypeptide containing 4 ... | 1991 | 1924373 |
| therapy of infections in mice irradiated in mixed neutron/photon fields and inflicted with wound trauma: a review of current work. | when host antimicrobial defenses are severely compromised by radiation or trauma in conjunction with radiation, death from sepsis results. to evaluate therapies for sepsis in radiation casualties, we developed models of acquired and induced bacterial infections in irradiated and irradiated-wounded mice. animals were exposed to either a mixed radiation field of equal proportions of neutrons and gamma rays (n/gamma = 1) from a triga reactor or pure gamma rays from 60[co sources. skin wounds (15% o ... | 1991 | 1924743 |
| myoglobinuric acute renal failure following electrical injury. | eight patients with acute renal failure (arf) following electrical injury were studied. the mean area of cutaneous burns was 23 +/- 16% (range 6-60%) and extensive tissue necrosis with gangrene was uniformly present. oliguria developed 9.3 +/- 7 h (range 3-24 h) after the injury in 7 patients (88%). urinalysis revealed presence of myoglobin in 75% of the patients. the mean duration of oliguria among those who recovered was 16 +/- 6 days (range 11-23 days) and the mean interval between the onset ... | 1991 | 1924913 |
| [beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations for oral administration]. | beta-lactamase inhibitors are compounds which are able to bind many beta-lactamase and to inactivate them irreversibly ("suicide inactivators"). their intrinsic antimicrobial activity is weak. however, in combination with aminopenicillins they exhibit marked synergism both in vitro and in vivo against many beta-lactamase producing bacterial strains. at the achievable serum and tissue concentrations after oral administration, various aminopenicillin/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations are activ ... | 1991 | 1925470 |
| single-dose fosfomycin trometamol (monuril) versus multiple-dose norfloxacin: results of a multicenter study in females with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. | the results of an open, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of fosfomycin trometamol (monuril), 3-gram single dose, and norfloxacin (noroxine 400), 400 mg twice daily for 5 days, are reported. clinical and bacteriological assessments were performed before and 3-4 (short-term) and 25-30 days (long-term) after treatment. only female patients with uncomplicated lower urinary tract infection were eligible for inclusion in the study: 33 cases were given fosfomycin trometamol and 30 cas ... | 1991 | 1926651 |
| major trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infection. | to determine trends in the microbial etiology of nosocomial infections in the 1980s, surveillance data on the microbiology of documented nosocomial infection reported to the national nosocomial infections surveillance system and from the university of michigan hospital were analyzed. antimicrobial susceptibility data on selected pathogens from both sources were also reviewed. overall, escherichia coli decreased from 23% of infections in 1980 to 16% in 1986-1989, klebsiella pneumoniae dropped fro ... | 1991 | 1928195 |
| application of mathematical model to multiple-dose experimental chemotherapy for fatal murine pneumonia. | two beta-lactam antibiotics, cefazolin and cefmenoxime, were administered for 7 days to mice with pneumonia caused by klebsiella pneumoniae by using dosage regimens that would simulate multiple dosing in usual clinical treatments at dosing intervals of 8 or 12 h. viable numbers of the bacteria in the lungs were measured at 12- or 24-h intervals. the mathematical model established in a previous single-dose study was applied in this study to explain the time courses of the changes in bacterial cou ... | 1991 | 1929244 |
| in vitro susceptibility testing procedures for fosfomycin tromethamine. | fosfomycin tromethamine (previously fosfomycin trometamol) is an orally administered fosfomycin which may be used for single-dose therapy of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. fosfomycin tromethamine, norfloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole inhibited greater than 90% of 352 bacterial isolates representing 25 different species; trimethoprim and nalidixic acid had narrower spectrums of activity. strains of escherichia, citrobacter, enterobacter, and klebsiella species were much more su ... | 1991 | 1929270 |
| efficacy of different beta-lactams against an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strain in the rat intra-abdominal abscess model. | although standard-inoculum mics were within the susceptible range for all compounds, cefoperazone, cefotaxime, and cefpirome were significantly less effective than imipenem or the combination of cefoperazone and sulbactam in the treatment of rat intra-abdominal abscesses due to an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strain of klebsiella pneumoniae. | 1991 | 1929273 |
| synergistic activity of 5-trifluoromethylthioribose and inhibitors of methionine synthesis against klebsiella pneumoniae. | 5-methylthioribose (mtr) is an intermediate in the methionine recycling pathway of organisms containing the enzyme mtr kinase. analogs of mtr have been proposed as a new class of antimicrobial agents because of their ability to perturb the growth of mtr kinase-containing pathogens through inhibition of methionine salvage or by conversion to toxic products. one such analog, 5-trifluoromethylthioribose (tfmtr), has demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on the growth of klebsiella pneumoniae (a. g ... | 1991 | 1929327 |
| translocation of antibiotic resistance determinants including an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase between conjugative plasmids of klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli. | the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase caz-7, derived from tems, was produced by two different strains of the family enterobacteriaceae, klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli, isolated from the same patient. both isolates were resistant to amikacin. in addition, the k. pneumoniae strain was tem-1 producing and resistant to gentamicin. an e. coli hb101 transconjugant obtained from k. pneumoniae, selected on ceftazidime, showed that caz-7 and amikacin resistance were encoded by an 85-kb inc7 or ... | 1991 | 1929328 |
| purification and partial characterization of a pyruvate oxidoreductase from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum grown under nitrogen-fixing conditions. | a pyruvate oxidoreductase with the capacity to support pyruvate-dependent nitrogenase activity in vitro has been purified from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodospirillum rubrum. the enzyme requires coa for activity and is irreversibly inactivated by oxygen. the molecular properties and km values for the substrates have been studied. in supporting nitrogenase activity addition of ferredoxin is required. overall the enzyme is similar to the nif-specific pyruvate: flavodoxin oxidoreductase purifie ... | 1991 | 1930134 |
| isolation of klebsiella terrigena from human feces: biochemical reactions, capsule types, and antibiotic sensitivity. | colonization of the human intestinal tract by a newly proposed species, k. terrigena, was investigated. 5377 different stool specimens from healthy persons (food handlers) yielded 50 isolates (0.9%). biochemically, low frequencies in the degradation of urea, dulcitol, and utilization of citrate at 37 degrees c were found when compared to k. pneumoniae. at 30 degrees c, urea hydrolysis was observed twice as often as at 37 degrees c. apart from ampicillin, k. terrigena was susceptible to 12 other ... | 1991 | 1930567 |
| influence of cefpodoxime on selected immunological functions and bacterial pathogenicity factors in vitro. | the influence of a new oral cephalosporin cefpodoxime, on several interactions of the host-parasite relationship was investigated. pretreatment of polymorphonuclear granulocytes (png) with cefpodoxime at therapeutical dosage in vitro did not have a significant effect on chemotaxis and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. on the other hand, human serum did not exert a considerable effect on the bactericidal activity of cefpodoxime on klebsiella pneumoniae and staph. aureus. serum resistance of kl ... | 1991 | 1930575 |
| synergy and cumulated killing effect of the penems fce 22101 and fce 25199 in combination with gentamicin against bacteria isolated from septicaemia. | blood isolates of enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus sanguis, staphylococcus aureus, e. coli and klebsiella oxytoca were tested for their synergistic and cumulated killing effect (cke) with the new penems fce 22101 or fce 25199 in combination with gentamicin. the tissue cage model in rabbits was used to study the cke in vivo after antibiotic treatment of the bacteria in vitro. synergy was observed within two to seven h with all isolates in early logarithmic phase, except with s. aureus, which ... | 1991 | 1930964 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae glycoprotein ru-41740 enhances resistance of mice against mycoplasma arthritidis-induced arthritis. | the effect of a purified glycoprotein extract from klebsiella pneumoniae with non-specific immunostimulating properties (ru 41740) on the development and course of mycoplasma arthritis was investigated. male a/j mice aged 2-3 months were given ru-41740 either intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally prior to injection with mycoplasma arthritidis. ru-41740 injected i.p. at 0.1 mg kg-1 or given orally at 1 mg kg-1 prior to the infection and subsequently on alternate days enhanced the resistance of mice ... | 1991 | 1931133 |
| human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor augments viability and cytotoxic activities of human monocyte-derived macrophages in long-term cultures. | in the present study we investigated the effect of human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage csf (gm-csf) on the in vitro maturation of human monocytes into macrophages, and followed the biochemical and functional changes in the cells during this process. adherent human peripheral blood monocytes cultured for up to 3 weeks in the presence of gm-csf were examined for viability and adherence, beta-glucosaminidase activity, oxidative burst activity, expression of fucosyl-mannosyl receptors, and tnf- ... | 1991 | 1932369 |
| the use of the php-ke biochemical fingerprinting system in epidemiological studies of faecal enterobacter cloacae strains from infants in swedish neonatal wards. | the pheneplate (php) biochemical fingerprinting system is an automated method for typing of bacteria, based on the evaluation of the kinetics of biochemical reactions, performed in microtitre plates. in the present study the php-klebsiella/enterobacter (ke) system was evaluated for typing of enterobacter cloacae and employed to study the epidemiology of faecal e. cloacae strains isolated from infants in 22 swedish neonatal wards. the php-ke system showed a high reproducibility and discrimination ... | 1991 | 1936153 |
| construction by polymerase chain reaction and use of intragenic dna probes for three main types of transferable beta-lactamases (tem, shv, carb) [corrected]. | intragenic dna probes were synthesized by polymerase chain reaction using fragments of the genes of three major types of beta-lactamases (tem, shv, carb) as templates. the tem probe hybridized with the genes encoding tem-1, tem-2 and six extended-spectrum related enzymes (tem-3 to tem-7, tem-2o) in colony hybridizations and southern-blot analysis. the shv probe hybridized with the genes for shv-1, ohio-1 and four derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (shv-2, shv-3, shv-4 and shv-5). the carb ... | 1991 | 1936934 |
| inhibition of chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to interleukin-8 by endotoxins of various bacteria. | the effects of endotoxins from various bacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, vibrio cholerae, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhosa, and pseudomonas aeruginosa) on chemotaxis of neutrophil leukocytes to formyl peptide and interleukin-8 were tested in an improved chemotaxis assay involving a "sparse-pore" polycarbonate (nuclepore) membrane in a boyden-type chamber. the possible chemotactic activity of the endotoxins themselves were tested by the same technique. in addition, the effec ... | 1991 | 1937782 |
| factors affecting duration of in-vivo postantibiotic effect for aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. | a murine thigh-infection model was used to determine the effect of certain host- and drug-related factors on the duration of the in-vivo postantibiotic effect (pae) observed with aminoglycosides against gram-negative bacilli. the role of neutrophils (pmns), pharmacokinetics and variation among species and strains were studied. paes were quantitated after a single injection of gentamicin or amikacin. paes were several hours longer in normal mice than in neutropenic mice, in mice with renal impair ... | 1991 | 1938689 |
| oral aminoglycoside and ofloxacin therapy in the prevention of gram-negative sepsis after irradiation. | to investigate whether oral gentamicin or ofloxacin therapy protects against gram-negative sepsis after irradiation, b6d2f1 mice were exposed to 7.5 gy of radiation from 60co, infected with 10(7) pseudomonas aeruginosa or klebsiella pneumoniae orally 3 days after irradiation, and treated with oral (15 mg/kg/day) or intramuscular (im; 7.5 mg/kg/day) gentamicin or oral (40 mg/kg/day) ofloxacin. for p. aeruginosa, gentamicin therapy was started orally 10 and 24 h and im 24 h after inoculation. for ... | 1991 | 1940469 |
| structural characterization of protein secretion genes of the bacterial phytopathogen xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris: relatedness to secretion systems of other gram-negative bacteria. | the nucleotide sequence was determined of a 5.3 kb region of the xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris genome carrying a gene cluster encoding protein secretion and pathogenicity functions. a putative promoter sequence and five open reading frames (orf) which may be part of an operon were revealed. the five predicted primary translation products comprise 531, 390, 147, 169 and 138 amino acids with mr values of 58,854, 42,299, 15,548, 18,214 and 15,108 respectively. a sixth, partial orf is a ... | 1991 | 1944223 |
| the gltf gene of klebsiella pneumoniae: cloning and initial characterization. | from a gene bank of klebsiella pneumoniae m5a1, a 1.7 kb gene fragment was isolated which was able to restore the ntr+ phenotype and ammonium (methylammonium) transport, but not glutamate synthase in an escherichia coli glt mutant (glutamate synthase deficiency). the fragment strongly hybridized with the gltf regulatory gene from e. coli. after subcloning the fragment into an overexpression vector, a protein with a molecular weight of 27,000 dalton was identified as the gene product. the results ... | 1991 | 1944233 |
| in vitro activity of chlorhexidine against enteric rods, pseudomonads and acinetobacter from human periodontitis. | fifty-eight periodontal isolates of the families enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae, and the genera acinetobacter and achromobacter were studied to determine their susceptibility to peridex (0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate solution; procter & gamble). in an agar dilution assay, about 50% of the study strains grew in the presence of 70 micrograms/ml of chlorhexidine. enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, pseudomonas cepacia, and serratia marcescens comprised th ... | 1991 | 1945483 |
| hematogenous patellar osteomyelitis associated with human immunodeficiency virus. | the case of a 37-year-old man with hematogenous osteomyelitis associated with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is presented, with a review of the literature. hematogenous osteomyelitis is a relatively rare entity in the patella; most cases have involved adolescents and immunocompromised patients. there have been no previous reports of hematogenous osteomyelitis in hiv-positive patients. the diagnosis requires clinical suspicion and roentgenographic evidence. point tenderness over the patel ... | 1991 | 1945515 |
| uropathogens of various childhood populations and their antibiotic susceptibility. | to define the uropathogens of various childhood populations and their antibiotic susceptibility, 646 episodes of urinary tract infections (uti) were studied. of the community-acquired uti 78% were caused by escherichia coli and 12% by klebsiella whereas only 65% of hospital-acquired uti were caused by e. coli (p less than 0.01), and other pathogens, including pseudomonas, were more common. in children with uti who did not have an underlying disorder, most infections were caused by e. coli and kl ... | 1991 | 1945576 |
| a double-blind comparison of the effects of cefaclor and amoxycillin on respiratory tract and oropharyngeal flora and clinical response in acute exacerbations of bronchitis. | fifty-one patients admitted to hospital with severe exacerbations of chronic bronchitis entered a double-blind trial of treatment with cefaclor (500 mg tds) compared with amoxycillin (500 mg tds) for 7 days. twenty-six patients received cefaclor and 25 amoxycillin. sputum and throat swabs were collected on admission, after 7 days of therapy and at outpatient follow-up, 3 weeks after treatment had finished. clinical status and spirometry were assessed on admission and at the third, seventh and 28 ... | 1991 | 1947367 |
| incidence of multi-resistance in gram-negative aerobes from intensive care units of 10 german hospitals. | at the beginning of 1990, 10 german hospitals participated in a surveillance study of 100 consecutively submitted gram-negative aerobes originating in their intensive care units (icus). a total of 1,006 isolates were obtained from 446 patients. resistance rates cited apply to the initial strains isolated and use the nccls fully susceptible breakpoint. over 1/3 of the penicillin resistant populations of e. coli and klebsiella spp. were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate and simultaneously resis ... | 1991 | 1947820 |
| clinical implications of multi-drug resistance in the intensive care unit. | a prospective in vitro survey of gram-negative isolates obtained from patients hospitalized in intensive care units in 10 boston teaching hospitals was undertaken to document current susceptibility patterns and analyze patterns of cross-resistance. one thousand and five isolates were obtained, 18% were pseudomonas, 18% escherichia coli, 13% klebsiella, and 22% were in the enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia group. cross-resistance among beta-lactams and beta-lactamase inhibitors was common for s ... | 1991 | 1947823 |
| [role of cefuroxime-axetil in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. bacteriological and pharmacological data]. | cefuroxime-axetil, the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of cefuroxime, is a prodrug for oral administration. the indication of this new formulation in the treatment of community acquired rti required an updating of its activity against respiratory pathogens. a total of 260 isolates were included in a study using mic determination (agar dilution technique): the mode mics for haemophilus spp., branhamella catarrhalis, streptococci, s. pneumoniae ranged from 0.016 to 0.5 mg/l; no difference was noted between b ... | 1991 | 1948811 |
| [phlegmonous enteritis--a rare cause of acute abdomen]. | a 73 year old woman presenting with an acute abdomen was diagnosed as having phlegmonous enteritis after microscopic examination revealed the characteristic finding of a diffuse suppurative inflammation limited to the submucosa in the resected ileal segment. culture of klebsiella pneumoniae, and the microscopic demonstration of gram positive cocci and gram negative rods confirmed the bacterial etiology of this disease. there was no evidence of mucosal injury in this patient, but the possible rol ... | 1991 | 1949274 |
| retropharyngeal abscess. | of 31 children with retropharyngeal abscess treated at this hospital between 1954 and 1990, 17 (55%) were 12 months old or less and 10 (32%) less than 6 months. three of these 10 children were neonates, only one of whom had a predisposing congenital lesion. fourteen children (45%) had a preceding upper respiratory illness and four (13%) had a prior history of pharyngeal trauma or ingestion of a foreign body. in children less than 1 year old the clinical presentation was usually classical with fe ... | 1991 | 1953008 |
| nifa-ntra regulatory system activates transcription of nfe, a gene locus involved in nodulation competitiveness of rhizobium meliloti. | we have previously demonstrated that the rhizobium meliloti large plasmid prmegr4b carries the gene locus nodule formation efficiency (nfe) which is responsible for nodulation efficiency and competitive ability of strain gr4 on alfalfa roots. in this study we report that expression of nfe-lacz fusions in escherichia coli is activated in the presence of the cloned nifa gene of r. meliloti. this activation was found to be oxygen sensitive and to require the e. coli ntra gene product. in contrast t ... | 1991 | 1953295 |
| metabolism of acrylonitrile by klebsiella pneumoniae. | a gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium capable of utilizing acrylonitrile as the sole source of nitrogen was isolated from industrial sewage and identified as klebsiella pneumoniae. the isolate was capable of utilizing aliphatic nitriles containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms or benzonitrile as the sole source of nitrogen and either acetamide or propionamide as the sole source of both carbon and nitrogen. gas chromatographic and mass spectral analyses of culture filtrates indicated that k. pneumoniae was ... | 1991 | 1953306 |
| neonatal sepsis. | a two year retrospective study of 242 neonates with a clinical diagnosis of neonatal sepsis was undertaken. the neonates on whom blood culture results were available for analysis were categorized into "proven" or "presumptive" sepsis. a changing pattern in aetiological pathogens is identified. the conspicuous absence of group b streptococcal (gbs) sepsis is discussed. the overall mortality rate was 37% but the mortality rate in the bacteraemic patients was only 22.6%. this discrepancy is discuss ... | 1991 | 1954951 |
| different promoters of shv-2 and shv-2a beta-lactamase lead to diverse levels of cefotaxime resistance in their bacterial producers. | clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolates as well as escherichia coli transformants producing the beta-lactamases shv-2 or shv-2a demonstrate mic values for cefotaxime of 4 mg l-1 or 64 to greater than 128 mg l-1, respectively. the beta-lactamases differ by one possibly insignificant amino acid exchange at position number 10 of the mature protein; their kinetic parameters are rather similar. the 5' untranslated regions of both corresponding genes show no homology starting 74 nucleotides upstream t ... | 1991 | 1955859 |
| klebsiella bacteremia: a review of 196 episodes during a decade (1980-1989). | this report reviews 196 episodes of klebsiella bacteremia in 194 patients during a 10-year period (1980-1989) in a community teaching hospital in the usa. the median age of patients was 70 years with a mode of 84 years. the prevalence was 0.76 episodes/1000 admissions. nosocomial acquisition of bacteremia occurred in 43% of episodes and 16% of patients were from nursing homes. klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 86% and k. oxytoca for 13% of episodes. most isolates were resistant to ampicillin a ... | 1991 | 1957125 |
| enterotoxin-producing bacteria isolated from swedish travellers with diarrhoea. | the isolation rate of bacterial enteropathogens of different species, particularly enterotoxin-producing gram-negative bacteria, was determined in stool specimens from swedish travellers with diarrhoea. overall, bacterial enteropathogens were identified in 101 (47%) of the 217 travellers on their return home. the most common isolates were enterotoxin-producing bacteria (20%), salmonellae (18%) and campylobacter (8%), whereas shigellae (3%) and yersinia (0.5%) were rarely identified. mixed infect ... | 1991 | 1957131 |
| characterization of pseudomonas aeruginosa adherence to cultured hamster tracheal epithelial cells. | this study reports an in vitro system that allows the convenient study of both microenvironmental and bacterial factors affecting adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to tracheal epithelium. primary cultures of mixed ciliated and nonciliated epithelial cells isolated from hamster tracheas were grown on collagen-coated multiwell plates containing 10(5) epithelial cells/well at confluence. when 10(7) 14c-labeled p. aeruginosa (nonmucoid, strain y-4) suspensions were added to each well, 8.13 +/- 2.6 ... | 1991 | 1958384 |
| structure of a mannan isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of the reference strain (s3255) for a new serogroup of serratia marcescens. | both a neutral and an acidic polymer have been isolated from a lipopolysaccharide extract of serratia marcescens strain s3255. the neutral polymer is a linear mannan with the repeating unit shown. the same repeating unit has been described for the o-specific polymers from escherichia coli o8 and klebsiella o5. | 1991 | 1959117 |
| characterization of klebsiella oxytoca septicaemia isolates resistant to aztreonam and cefuroxime. | eleven clinical isolates of klebsiella oxytoca from stockholm hospitals were found to be resistant to aztreonam and cefuroxime, but susceptible to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem. resistance could be overcome by combining the beta-lactams with the inhibitor clavulanic acid. crude beta-lactamase preparations from the isolates inactivated aztreonam and cefuroxime rapidly. by isoelectric focusing, a single common beta-lactamase of pi 5.25 was detected. the k. oxytoca isolates belonged to three ... | 1991 | 1960120 |
| antibiotic sensitivity pattern; experience at university hospital, riyadh, saudi arabia. | results of sensitivity testing were discussed based on examination of 5192 isolates of the various bacteria isolated from clinical specimens from king khalid university hospital in riyadh, saudi arabia. streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to penicillin and erythromycin. the sensitivity pattern of staphylococcus aureus was also predictable as they were fairly sensitive to both methicillin (98%) and erythromycin (96%). neisseria gonorrhoeae (27%) showed a high level ... | 1991 | 1960392 |
| bacteriology of acute septic arthritis. | in a study of septic arthritis infants formed the bulk of patients though, notably, neonates were not encountered. gram-negative bacterial of the salmonella species, especially salmonella typhimurium and klebsiella species were the most important cause of septic arthritis in infants. staphylococcus aureus was also isolated. the combination of blood cultures and joint aspirate cultures resulted in very high rate (72 per cent) of bacteria isolation. it is strongly recommended that every effort sho ... | 1991 | 1960773 |
| [antibacterial activities of ofloxacin against recent isolates from patients with community-acquired infections]. | in order to survey antibacterial activities of ofloxacin (oflx) against 1,440 bacterial strains isolated from patients with community-acquired infections in 1987 and 1990, minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of the drug as well as those of other new quinolones and oral cephems were determined. the following conclusions were reached. 1. comparison of the mic distribution for strains isolated in 1987 with those in 1990 suggested a tendency toward an increase in the frequency of oflx-resistant ... | 1991 | 1960856 |
| [intraocular penetration of dr-3355, a new quinolone derivative]. | we studied the intraocular penetration of dr-3355, a new quinolone derivative in white mature rabbits. dr-3355 concentration in the aqueous humor reached the maximum, 1.06 micrograms/ml, at 2 hours after oral administration of 20 mg/kg in single dose. six hours after it was 0.37 micrograms/ml. at 2 hours, the concentration ratio in the aqueous humor and serum was 23.3%. the pharmacokinetic parameters of dr-3355 levels in both of the aqueous humor and serum were: cmax, 1.02 micrograms/ml and 4.56 ... | 1991 | 1960857 |
| low mortality among patients with spinal cord injury and bacteremia. | we reviewed 103 episodes of bacteremia in 93 patients with spinal cord injury who had bacteremia during initial hospitalization (39 patients) or readmission (54 patients) during 1978-1988. eighteen episodes (18%) were due to polymicrobial infections. urinary tract infections (47%), infected pressure areas (19%), and pneumonia (9%) were the most frequent primary infections and sources of the bacteremia. the bacteria most frequently associated with urinary tract infections were enterococci (26%), ... | 1991 | 1962100 |
| novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase (mir-1) conferring resistance to oxyimino- and alpha-methoxy beta-lactams in clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae. | klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 11 patients at the miriam hospital were identified as resistant to cefoxitin and ceftibuten as well as to aztreonam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. resistance could be transferred by conjugation or transformation with plasmid dna into escherichia coli and was due to the production of a beta-lactamase with an isoelectric point of 8.4 named mir-1. in e. coli, mir-1 conferred resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftibuten, ceftriaxone, and such alpha- ... | 1990 | 1963529 |
| sequencing and expression of aada, bla, and tnpr from the multiresistance transposon tn1331. | a fragment of tn1331 including tnpr, aac, aada, and a bla gene which encodes lower levels of resistance to ampicillin and carbenicillin as compared to those mediated by the tem beta-lactamase was sequenced. the polypeptide encoded by the bla gene has homology with the oxa-1, pse-2, and oxa-2 proteins. genes aac and bla are upstream and downstream respectively of aada, and are both flanked by recombinational hot spots. tn1331 has 520-bp direct repeats which include parts of the tnpr and tem bla g ... | 1990 | 1963948 |
| a reverse approach to 1h-n.m.r. assignments of bacterial polysaccharides. | a new approach is reported for obtaining the assignment of the 1h-n.m.r. spectra of bacterial polysaccharides which are not amenable to analysis using conventional strategies. an unambiguous assignment of the 13c-n.m.r. spectrum is made by 13c-cosy of the polysaccharide labelled to a high level with 13c. assignment of the 1h-n.m.r. spectrum is then made by proton-detected ch-correlation spectroscopy of material that is labelled at a low level. using this approach, virtually complete assignments ... | 1990 | 1964867 |
| concurrent murine cytomegalovirus and klebsiella pneumoniae infections in germfree mice. | the effects of concurrent murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and klebsiella pneumoniae infections were studied in germfree (gf) mice. the mice received sublethal doses, 5 x 10(5) pfu, of mcmv. k. pneumoniae was injected in doses of 40 to 100 cfu, which by itself killed 0-33% of gf mice. when k. pneumoniae was given to gf mice infected with mcmv, the mortality increased up to 100%, with distinct enhancement persisting until day 10 of the mcmv infection. the virus titer in various organs did not change ... | 1990 | 1965065 |
| appearance of amikacin and tobramycin resistance due to 4'-aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferase [ant(4')-ii] in gram-negative pathogens. | following the use of amikacin as the principal aminoglycoside at a denver hospital, amikacin resistance appeared first in pseudomonas aeruginosa and then in escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and other enteric organisms from debilitated and compromised patients who had spent time in intensive care units and who had been treated with multiple antibiotics, usually including amikacin. in a p. aeruginosa isolate, resistance to amikacin and tobramycin was transferable by the incp-2 plasmid pmg7 ... | 1990 | 1965106 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of piperacillin and piperacillin plus tazobactam towards beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates. | the authors evaluated the in-vitro antibacterial activity of piperacillin alone and of piperacillin combined with tazobactam, a new beta-lactamase inhibitor, on 398 clinical isolates, both gram-positive and gram-negative. the piperacillin/tazobactam combination was evaluated in the fixed ratio 8:1. the vast majority of the microorganisms tested had reduced susceptibility to piperacillin (minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range 0.12- greater than 256 mg/l) due to beta-lactamase production. t ... | 1990 | 1965317 |
| post-antibiotic effect of azithromycin on respiratory tract pathogens. | azithromycin is a new azalide antibiotic with structural modifications that confer to the molecule acid stability, extension of antibacterial spectrum that includes important gram-negative pathogens, long elimination half-life, and tendency to concentrate into various tissues where it persists for extended periods of time. the existence and length of a post-antibiotic effect (pae), an important parameter for the characterization of new antibiotic molecules, has not yet been evaluated for this ag ... | 1990 | 1966617 |
| dissemination of plasmid-mediated amikacin resistance among pathogenic klebsiella pneumoniae. | plasmids isolated from klebsiella pneumoniae strains that caused outbreaks in pediatric units in various geographical regions of argentina harbored genetic determinants for resistance to amikacin. by using restriction endonuclease and southern blot hybridization analysis it was determined that all of the strains carried plasmids with tn1331-related elements indicating that transposition of these elements may have played an important role in the dissemination process of resistance to amikacin. | 1990 | 1966623 |
| cloning, expression, and sequence analysis of the haemophilus influenzae type b strain m43p+ pilin gene. | by using antiserum against haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) strain m43p+ denatured pilin, we screened a genomic library of hib strain m43p+ and identified a clone that expressed pilin, but not assembled pili, on its surface. southern blot analysis revealed the presence of one structural gene, which was also present in strain m42p-, a nonpiliated variant. five exonuclease iii deletion mutants, two of which had deletions that extended into the structural gene and failed to express pilin, were u ... | 1990 | 1969389 |
| a laboratory model for testing agents for hygienic hand disinfection: handwashing and chlorhexidine for the removal of klebsiella. | | 1990 | 1969443 |
| mechanisms of sodium transport in bacteria. | in some bacteria, an na+ circuit is an important link between exergonic and endergonic membrane reactions. the physiological importance of na+ ion cycling is described in detail for three different bacteria. klebsiella pneumoniae fermenting citrate pumps na+ outwards by oxaloacetate decarboxylase and uses the na+ ion gradient thus established for citrate uptake. another possible function of the na+ gradient may be to drive the endergonic reduction of nad+ with ubiquinol as electron donor. in vib ... | 1990 | 1970650 |
| postoperative infection in cardiac surgery: the influence of a change in prophylactic antibiotic regimen. | a total of 448 patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery were followed for the development of postoperative infection. non-extracorporeal procedures were assigned to group 1 and open-heart procedures to group 2. the incidence of infection was compared in two groups who received prophylactic antibiotics. patients (n = 253) received ampicillin alone (group 1) or in combination with gentamicin (group 2) for 7 days starting 1 day before the operation (period a). one hundred and ninety-five patients ... | 1990 | 1972951 |
| quantitative study of wound infection in irradiated mice. | bacterial infection of simple wounds was studied directly and quantitatively in adult mice given 6.5 gy 60co. three days later, when neutropenia was evident, the skin and the medial gluteus muscle of anaesthetized mice were incised. a suspension of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae or streptococcus pyogenes was inoculated into the wound. bacteria per mg muscle were enumerated 3, 4 or 7 days later. the geometric means of bacteria per mg were greater in irradiated than ... | 1990 | 1974580 |
| antimicrobial actions of calcium binding leucocyte l1 protein, calprotectin. | the calcium binding l1 protein was found to inhibit growth of blood culture isolates of candida spp and cerebrospinal fluid isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) were 4-128 mg/l, and concentrations 2-4 times the mic were fungicidal. blood culture isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp, staphylococcus aureus, and staphylococcus epidermidis had mic values of 64-256 mg/l. antibacterial activity was strongly influenced by the nature of the culture medium. ... | 1990 | 1976144 |
| female urinary tract infection in primary health care: bacteriological and clinical characteristics. | female patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection (n = 1136) were studied in primary health care with respect to (a) clinical symptoms as predictors of bacteriuria; (b) relation between aetiological agent and clinical picture, especially for p-fimbriated escherichia coli; and (c) clinical findings in cases with 10(2)- less than 10(5) cfu/ml of e. coli. prevalence of bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) cfu/ml) was 61%. concurrence of urgency/frequency and dysuria, short duration of ... | 1990 | 1977196 |
| role of the nac gene product in the nitrogen regulation of some ntr-regulated operons of klebsiella aerogenes. | a positive, genetic selection against the activity of the nitrogen regulatory (ntr) system was used to isolate insertion mutations affecting nitrogen regulation in klebsiella aerogenes. two classes of mutation were obtained: those affecting the ntr system itself and leading to the loss of almost all nitrogen regulation, and those affecting the nac locus and leading to a loss of nitrogen regulation of a family of nitrogen-regulated enzymes. the set of these nac-dependent enzymes included histidas ... | 1990 | 1979323 |
| lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme electrophoresis as a typing method for enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella oxytoca and proteus mirabilis. | | 1990 | 1979580 |
| pyogenic liver abscess: clinical manifestations and value of percutaneous catheter drainage treatment. | one hundred and sixty-two patients with solitary or multiple pyogenic liver abscesses received surgical or medical treatment in the past 8 years. fifty-seven patients were treated medically (medical group), 62 patients received medical treatment plus sonogram-guided percutaneous drainage (pcd group), and 43 patients received surgical drainage (surgical group). aerobic gram-negative rods were the predominant causative microorganisms. klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common microorganism, occurr ... | 1990 | 1979599 |
| a previously unrecognized glutamine synthetase expressed in klebsiella pneumoniae from the glnt locus of rhizobium leguminosarum. | using glnt dna of rhizobium meliloti as a hybridization probe we identified a r. leguminosarum biovar phaseoli (r. l. phaseoli) locus (glnt) expressing a glutamine synthetase activity in klebsiella pneumoniae. a 2.2 kb dna fragment from r. l. phaseoli was cloned to give plasmid pmw5a, which shows interspecific complementation of a k. pneumoniae glna mutant. the cloned sequence did not show cross-hybridization to glna or glnii, the genes coding for two glutamine synthetase isozymes of rhizobium s ... | 1990 | 1980142 |
| state of the art in typing: klebsiella spp. | | 1990 | 1980501 |
| type v collagen as the target for type-3 fimbriae, enterobacterial adherence organelles. | tissue-binding specificity of the type-3 fimbriae of pathogenic enteric bacteria was determined using frozen sections of human kidney. a wild-type klebsiella sp. strain and the recombinant strain escherichia coli hb101(pfk12), both expressing type-3 fimbriae, as well as the purified type-3 fimbriae effectively bound to sites at or adjacent to tubular basement membranes, bowman's capsule, arterial walls, and the interstitial connective tissue. bacterial adherence to kidney was decreased after col ... | 1990 | 1980713 |
| antimicrobial activities of six new oral cephem antibiotics. | six newly developed oral cephem antibiotics, which included 5 with an aminothiazolyl side chain, viz., cefixime, cefotiam hexetil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefteram pivoxil, ceftibuten, and one with a conventional side chain design, bmy 28100, were tested for their antimicrobial activities. three traditional oral beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin, cephalexin, and cefaclor, were used as reference antibiotics. the 5 aminothiazolyl cephems were more active than the reference drugs against clinical i ... | 1990 | 1981227 |
| type of fimbriation determines adherence of klebsiella bacteria to human epithelial cells. | clinical isolates of three klebsiella strains (encapsulated and nonencapsulated mutants) with type 1 (mannose-sensitive, ms+mr-), type 3 (mannose-resistant, ms-mr+) and type 1 and 3 (ms+mr+) fimbriae were investigated for their ability to adhere to epithelial cells. considerable adhesion to human buccal, tracheal, pulmonary and uroepithelial cells could be demonstrated. independent of encapsulation and type of epithelial cells, adhesion of ms+mr+ (type 1.3) fimbriated klebsiella bacteria was sig ... | 1990 | 1982211 |
| characterization of the type 1 fimbrial subunit gene (fima) of serratia marcescens. | the nucleotide sequence of a dna fragment that contains the fima gene, encoding the major fimbrial subunit, of serratia marcescens ia506 and associated flanking sequences has been elucidated. in addition, the origin of transcription has been identified and is located 120 base pairs upstream of the fima initiation codon. the predicted amino acid sequence of the fima polypeptide exhibits some degree of sequence homology with the fimbrial subunits encoded by the fima determinants of klebsiella pneu ... | 1990 | 1982455 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: analysis of 100 episodes. | in 1985, 100 episodes of klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in 98 patients were treated at the veterans general hospital--taipei. the disease was community acquired in 58% and nosocomially acquired in 42%; unimicrobial in 86% and part of a polymicrobial bacteremia in 14%. medical records of 90 episodes were available and were analyzed. portals of entry, in decreasing order of frequency, were hepatobiliary (24%), respiratory (20%), and urinary tract (19%). diabetes mellitus, which was found in 25 ( ... | 1990 | 1982535 |
| the rcsa gene of klebsiella pneumoniae o1:k20 is involved in expression of the serotype-specific k (capsular) antigen. | in klebsiella pneumoniae, the ability to synthesize large amounts of capsular polysaccharide is an important correlate of virulence. we report the cloning of rcsa from k. pneumoniae serotype o1:k20 and demonstrate that rcsa is involved in the expression of the k antigen capsule. we have determined the nucleotide sequence for the rcsa gene from k. pneumoniae k20 and shown it to be identical to the sequence reported previously for rcsa from strain k21 (allen et al., j. gen. microbiol. 133:331-340, ... | 1991 | 1987069 |
| lipopolysaccharide from klebsiella pneumoniae inhibits na+ absorption in canine tracheal epithelium. | the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) from klebsiella pneumoniae on the bioelectric properties of canine cultured tracheal epithelium was examined. lps decreased short-circuit current (isc), and its effects on isc were reduced when isc was inhibited by amiloride and indomethacin. we speculate that lps may selectively inhibit na+ absorption through the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by airway epithelium. | 1991 | 1987086 |
| regulation of proline utilization in enteric bacteria: cloning and characterization of the klebsiella put control region. | enteric bacteria can grow on proline as the sole nitrogen and carbon source. expression of the proline utilization (put) operon in klebsiella strains and escherichia coli is responsive to nitrogen regulation. in contrast, salmonella typhimurium cannot activate put operon expression when growing in medium with glucose as a carbon source and proline as the sole nitrogen source. to compare nitrogen regulatory sites in the control regions of the put operons in these three closely related genera, we ... | 1991 | 1987164 |
| endophthalmitis from contaminated donor corneas following penetrating keratoplasty. | we encountered six (0.2%) cases of endophthalmitis resulting from contaminated donor corneas between january 1983 and july 1990 following a total of 3000 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties. causative organisms in the three cases of fungal endophthalmitis were torulopsis glabrata, candida albicans, and aspergillus flavus; the three cases of bacterial endophthalmitis were due to klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus, and enterococcus faecalis. all organisms were resistant to gentamicin ... | 1991 | 1987949 |
| klebsiella pneumonia in the modern era: clinicoradiographic correlations. | a classic clinical and radiographic picture of klebsiella pneumonia has emerged in the literature. patients are typically male, older than 48 years, and have a history of chronic alcoholism. the majority of these pneumonias are community acquired. bulging interlobar fissures and cavitation are radiographic findings said to be distinctive for klebsiella pneumonia. we prospectively studied 15 cases of bacteremically proven klebsiella pneumonia and found clinical and radiographic features strikingl ... | 1991 | 1990453 |
| mechanism and energetics of a citrate-transport system of klebsiella pneumoniae. | the citrate-transport determinant of plasmid pes1 from klebsiella pneumoniae [schwarz, e. & oesterhelt, d. (1985) embo j. 4, 1599-1603] has been subcloned in escherichia coli dh1. uptake of citrate in e. coli membrane vesicles via this uptake system is an electrogenic process, although the ph gradient is the main driving force for citrate uptake. the rate of citrate uptake, driven by artificially imposed ion-gradients, is high in the presence of an artificial delta ph and low in the presence of ... | 1991 | 1991478 |
| bradyrhizobium japonicum has two differentially regulated, functional homologs of the sigma 54 gene (rpon). | recognition of -24/-12-type promoters by rna polymerase requires a special sigma factor, sigma 54 (rpon ntra glnf). in the nitrogen-fixing soybean symbiont bradyrhizobium japonicum, two functional, highly conserved rpon genes (rpon1 and rpon2) were identified and sequenced. the two predicted b. japonicum rpon protein sequences were 87% identical, and both showed different levels of homology to the rpon proteins of other bacteria. downstream of rpon2 (but not of rpon1), two additional open readin ... | 1991 | 1991712 |
| cloning and comparison of the dna encoding ammelide aminohydrolase and cyanuric acid amidohydrolase from three s-triazine-degrading bacterial strains. | dna encoding the catabolism of the s-triazines ammelide and cyanuric acid was cloned from pseudomonas sp. strain nrrlb-12228 and klebsiella pneumoniae 99 with, as a probe, a 4.6-kb psti fragment from a third strain, pseudomonas sp. strain nrrlb-12227, which also encodes these activities. in strains nrrlb-12228 and 99 the ammelide aminohydrolase (trzc) and cyanuric acid amidohydrolase (trzd) genes are located on identical 4.6-kb psti fragments which are part of a 12.4-kb dna segment present in bo ... | 1991 | 1991731 |
| cloned erwinia chrysanthemi out genes enable escherichia coli to selectively secrete a diverse family of heterologous proteins to its milieu. | the out genes of the enterobacterial plant pathogen erwinia chrysanthemi are responsible for the efficient extracellular secretion of multiple plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, including four isozymes of pectate lyase, exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase, pectin methylesterase, and cellulase. out- mutants of er. chrysanthemi are unable to export any of these proteins beyond the periplasm and are severely reduced in virulence. we have cloned out genes from er. chrysanthemi in the stable, low-copy ... | 1991 | 1992458 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli of serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h11. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 4e8c12) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7 and o26:h11 was produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a rough strain of e. coli o157:h7. the antibody reacted strongly by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with each of 36 strains of e. coli o157:h7. no cross-reactivity was observed with strains of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, shigella dysenteriae, proteus spp., escherichia hermanii, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni, serratia marcescens, c ... | 1991 | 1993773 |
| cloning the kpni restriction-modification system in escherichia coli. | the genes encoding the kpni restriction and modification (r-m) system from klebsiella pneumoniae, recognizing the sequence, 5'-ggtac decreases c-3', were cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. although the restriction endonuclease (enase)- and methyltransferase (mtase)-encoding genes were closely linked, initial attempts to clone both genes as a single dna fragment in a plasmid vector resulted in deletions spanning all or part of the gene coding for the enase. initial protection of the e. col ... | 1991 | 1995432 |
| role of phenytoin in healing of large abscess cavities. | the promotion of healing of large abscess cavities attained with topical phenytoin was evaluated in controlled studies of clinical and experimental wounds. in the clinical abscess cavities, phenytoin application in 20 patients compared with conventional treatment in 20 patients resulted in earlier separation of slough, decrease in oedema, control of pain and overall enhanced healing. the mean(s.d.) rate of reduction of wound area was 2.02(0.48) cm2/day in the phenytoin group versus 1.58(0.51) cm ... | 1991 | 1998849 |
| intravenous ciprofloxacin versus ceftazidime for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection. | intravenous ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime were compared for efficacy in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and urinary tract infection (uti). patients with nosocomial pneumonia were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin (as the lactate salt) 300 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime (with sodium carbonate) 2 g i.v. every eight hours. patients with uti were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin 200 mg i.v. every 12 hours or ceftazidime 1 g i.v. every eight hours. sputum and urine specimens were co ... | 1991 | 1999086 |
| rcsa, an unstable positive regulator of capsular polysaccharide synthesis. | rcsa is an unstable positive regulator required for the synthesis of colanic acid capsular polysaccharide in escherichia coli. degradation of the rcsa protein in vivo depends on the atp-dependent lon protease. dna sequence analysis of the rcsa gene reveals a single open reading frame for a 23,500-da highly basic protein (pi = 9.9), consistent with the observed size of the purified subunit of rcsa. the dna and protein sequences are highly homologous to the rcsa gene and protein from klebsiella pn ... | 1991 | 1999391 |
| community-acquired pulmonary infections in a public municipal hospital in the 1980s. | the relative and absolute incidences of community-acquired bacterial and tuberculous pulmonary infections, in patients admitted to a public municipal hospital, and the clinical and radiographic characteristics of these infections were retrospectively determined for the first time in 20 years. the data were compared to those previously reported in the literature. such data were also specifically determined for alcoholics and compared to those found in nonalcoholics. the absolute numbers of infect ... | 1991 | 2000515 |
| three trans-acting regulatory functions control hydrogenase synthesis in alcaligenes eutrophus. | random tn5 mutagenesis of the regulatory region of megaplasmid phg1 of alcaligenes eutrophus led to the identification of three distinct loci designated hoxa, hoxd, and hoxe. sequencing of the hoxa locus revealed an open reading frame which could code for a polypeptide of 482 amino acids with a molecular mass of 53.5 kda. a protein of comparable apparent molecular mass was detected in heterologous expression studies with a plasmid-borne copy of the hoxa gene. amino acid alignments revealed strik ... | 1991 | 2001989 |