| comparison of two chromogenic media and evaluation of two molecular based identification systems for enterobacter sakazakii detection. | enterobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen that has been associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks causing meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis especially in neonates. the current fda detection method includes two enrichment steps, the subculturing of the second enrichment broth on a selective agar (vrbg), a further subculturing of selected grown colonies on tsa and the subsequent biochemical identification of yellow-pigmented colonies by api20e. however, there is a strong nee ... | 2006 | 16504079 |
| nosocomial infections in renal transplant patients: risk factors and treatment implications associated with urinary tract and surgical site infections. | a prospective cohort study was conducted from january 2000 to december 2001 to determine the rate of bacterial nosocomial infections in renal transplant recipients. the patients were divided into two groups according to the origin of the allograft, namely deceased or living related donors. one hundred and sixty-three renal transplant recipients were reviewed during hospitalization; 110 (67.5%) kidneys were from deceased donors and 53 (32.5%) kidneys were from living related donors. the median le ... | 2006 | 16517007 |
| enhanced exopolymer production and chromium stabilization in pseudomonas putida unsaturated biofilms. | chromium-contaminated soils threaten surface and groundwater quality at many industrial sites. in vadose zones, indigenous bacteria can reduce cr(vi) to cr(iii), but the subsequent fate of cr(iii) and the roles of bacterial biofilms are relatively unknown. to investigate, we cultured pseudomonas putida, a model organism for vadose zone bioremediation, as unsaturated biofilms on membranes overlaying iron-deficient solid media either containing molecular dichromate from potassium dichromate (cr-on ... | 2006 | 16517647 |
| evaluation of the phoenix 100 id/ast system and nid panel for identification of enterobacteriaceae, vibrionaceae, and commonly isolated nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. | the phoenix 100 id/ast system (becton dickinson co., sparks, md.) is an automated system for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates. this system with its negative identification (nid) panel was evaluated for its accuracy in the identification of 507 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, 57 other nonenteric gram-negative isolates that are commonly isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories, and 138 isolates of the family vibrionaceae. all of the ... | 2006 | 16517878 |
| analysis of 525 samples to determine the usefulness of pcr amplification and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene for diagnosis of bone and joint infections. | the 16s rrna gene pcr in the diagnosis of bone and joint infections has not been systematically tested. five hundred twenty-five bone and joint samples collected from 525 patients were cultured and submitted to 16s rrna gene pcr detection of bacteria in parallel. the amplicons with mixed sequences were also cloned. when discordant results were observed, culture and pcr were performed once again. bacteria were detected in 139 of 525 samples. culture and 16s rrna gene pcr yielded identical documen ... | 2006 | 16517890 |
| recurrent osteomyelitis caused by infection with different bacterial strains without obvious source of reinfection. | recurrence of osteomyelitis by the same bacterial strain is well known. we report three patients with a second episode of osteomyelitis at the same site caused by different strains of bacteria from the original. formerly infected and altered bone surface might present a region of diminished resistance for a new infection. | 2006 | 16517930 |
| [nationwide surveillance of parenteral antibiotics containing meropenem activities against clinically isolated strains in 2004]. | the antibacterial activity of meropenem (mepm) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 907 strains of gram-positive bacteria, 1790 strains of gram-negative bacteria, and 192 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2004 was measured. the results were as follows; 1. mic90 of mepm for almost all of enterobacteriaceae and haemophilus influenzae were 4-fold to 32-fold lower than those of other carbapenems. mepm was more active than other carbap ... | 2005 | 16521347 |
| prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in isolates of the enterobacter cloacae complex from german hospitals. | in 2002, 119 isolates of the enterobacter cloacae complex were collected randomly from 11 german laboratories nationwide. antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by disk-diffusion tests according to clsi guidelines, and mics were determined using etests. pcrs were performed to amplify all tem and shv, and most ctx-m and oxa beta-lactamase genes. pcr products were sequenced to identify the precise extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) types. isoelectric focusing (ief) and pm/pml etests were use ... | 2006 | 16524408 |
| characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing kuwait and uk strains identified by the vitek system, and subsequent comparison of the vitek system with other commercial esbl-testing systems using these strains. | two hundred and fifty-one unique patient isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (123), escherichia coli (114), klebsiella oxytoca (7), enterobacter cloacae (5) and citrobacter freundii (2), flagged as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) positive by the vitek system (gns-526 card), were collected. these strains were isolated from a variety of clinical specimens submitted to the clinical bacteriology laboratories of the royal infirmary of edinburgh (rie), edinburgh, uk (and associated gp practices) ... | 2006 | 16533989 |
| glutathione-s-transferase activity and metabolism of glutathione conjugates by rhizosphere bacteria. | glutathione-s-transferase (gst) activity was determined in 36 species of rhizosphere bacteria with the substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (cdnb) and in 18 strains with the herbicide alachlor. highest levels of cdnb-gst activity (60 to 222 nmol (middot) h(sup-1) (middot) mg(sup-1)) were found in gram-negative bacteria: enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter diversus, klebsiella planticola, pseudomonas cepacia, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, and xanthomonas campestris. there was very l ... | 1995 | 16534956 |
| reduction of selenium oxyanions by enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1: isolation and growth of the bacterium and its expulsion of selenium particles. | a facultative bacterium capable of removing the selenium (se) oxyanions selenate (seo(inf4)(sup2-)) and selenite (seo(inf3)(sup2-)) from solution culture in flasks open to the atmosphere was isolated and studied with the goal of assessing its potential for use in bioremediation of seleniferous agricultural drainage water. elemental se (se(sup0)) was confirmed as a product of the reaction. the organism, identified as enterobacter cloacae and designated strain sld1a-1 (atcc 700258), removed from 6 ... | 1997 | 16535668 |
| multiresistant enterobacter cloacae outbreak in an intensive care unit associated with therapeutic beds. | we report a multiresistant enterobacter cloacae outbreak in an intensive care unit, associated with mattresses and with antibacterial-treated and vapour-permeable polyurethane synthetic mattress covers of therapeutic beds. | 2006 | 16542475 |
| two structurally distinct vana resistance elements at different locations in a glycopeptide-resistant strain of enterococcus faecalis. | | 2001 | 16557681 |
| relationship between beta-lactamase activity and resistance of enterobacter to cephalothin. | the relationship between cephalosporin beta-lactamase activity and resistance to cephalothin was investigated in strains of enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes. beta-lactamase activity was detected in all strains, but a quantitative correlation between amount of beta-lactamase activity and level of resistance to cephalothin was not observed. permeability barriers to cephalothin were observed and varied from strain to strain. beta-lactamase activity was increased by growing organisms in the pre ... | 1970 | 16557885 |
| characterisation of a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, shv-70, from a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae in china. | | 2006 | 16563703 |
| qnrb, another plasmid-mediated gene for quinolone resistance. | a novel plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrb, has been discovered in a plasmid encoding the ctx-m-15 beta-lactamase from a klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in south india. it has less than 40% amino acid identity with the original qnr (now qnra) gene or with the recently described qnrs but, like them, codes for a protein belonging to the pentapeptide repeat family. strains with qnrb demonstrated low-level resistance to all quinolones tested. the gene has been cloned in an expres ... | 2006 | 16569827 |
| first isolation of blaimi-2 in an enterobacter cloacae clinical isolate from china. | | 2006 | 16569898 |
| enterobacter cloacae in an italian neonatal intensive care unit: pattern of drug resistance compared with an international database (sentry antimicrobial surveillance program). | | 2006 | 16572903 |
| sequence alignment and homology threading reveals prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins similar to lactose permease. | certain prokaryotic transport proteins similar to the lactose permease of escherichia coli (lacy) have been identified by blast searches from available genomic databanks. these proteins exhibit conservation of amino acid residues that participate in sugar binding and h(+) translocation in lacy. homology threading of prokaryotic transporters based on the x-ray structure of lacy (pdb id: 1pv7) and sequence similarities reveals a common overall fold for sugar transporters belonging to the major fac ... | 2006 | 16574153 |
| an asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium from the root environment of corn. | examination of root systems and adhering soil associated with unusually green corn plants from nitrogen-deficient areas in fields has revealed higher acetylene-reducing activities than comparable root systems of chlorotic plants that appeared to be nitrogen deficient. from the root systems with acetylene-reducing activity, n(2)-fixing enterobacter cloacae were isolated. pure cultures of the organism grown in a medium lacking added fixed nitrogen reduced acetylene to ethylene and used n(2) as a s ... | 1972 | 16592033 |
| performances and microbial features of an aerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor developed to post-treat an olive mill effluent from an anaerobic gac reactor. | olive mill wastewater (omw) is the aqueous effluent of olive oil producing processes. given its high cod and content of phenols, it has to be decontaminated before being discharged. anaerobic digestion is one of the most promising treatment process for such an effluent, as it combines high decontamination efficiency with methane production. the large scale anaerobic digestion of omws is normally conducted in dispersed-growth reactors, where however are generally achieved unsatisfactory cod remov ... | 2006 | 16595023 |
| purification and characterization of trzf: biuret hydrolysis by allophanate hydrolase supports growth. | trzf, the allophanate hydrolase from enterobacter cloacae strain 99, was cloned, overexpressed in the presence of a chaperone protein, and purified to homogeneity. native trzf had a subunit molecular weight of 65,401 and a subunit stoichiometry of alpha(2) and did not contain significant levels of metals. trzf showed time-dependent inhibition by phenyl phosphorodiamidate and is a member of the amidase signature protein family. trzf was highly active in the hydrolysis of allophanate but was not a ... | 2006 | 16597948 |
| cloning and sequencing of the ompa gene of enterobacter sakazakii and development of an ompa-targeted pcr for rapid detection of enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula. | enterobacter sakazakii is an emerging, infant formula-borne pathogen that causes severe meningitis, meningoencephalitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants, with a high fatality rate. traditional detection methods take up to 7 days to identify e. sakazakii. the outer membrane protein a gene (ompa), along with its flanking sequences from e. sakazakii (atcc 51329), was cloned in the pgem-t easy vector and sequenced. comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid seq ... | 2006 | 16597955 |
| quantitative real-time legionella pcr for environmental water samples: data interpretation. | quantitative legionella pcrs targeting the 16s rrna gene (specific for the genus legionella) and the mip gene (specific for the species legionella pneumophila) were applied to a total of 223 hot water system samples (131 in one laboratory and 92 in another laboratory) and 37 cooling tower samples (all in the same laboratory). the pcr results were compared with those of conventional culture. 16s rrna gene pcr results were nonquantifiable for 2.8% of cooling tower samples and up to 39.1% of hot wa ... | 2006 | 16597985 |
| produce isolates of the escherichia coli ont:h52 serotype that carry both shiga toxin 1 and stable toxin genes. | produce isolates of the escherichia coli ont:h52 serotype carried shiga toxin 1 and stable toxin genes but only expressed stx1. these strains had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles that were 90% homologous to clinical ont:h52 strains that had identical phenotypes and genotypes. all ont:h52 strains had identical single nucleotide polymorphism profiles that are suggestive of a unique clonal group. | 2006 | 16598020 |
| bacteriological urinalysis in patients after renal transplantation. | the study consisted of microbiological urinalysis performed in 269 patients after renal transplantation who remained under medical care at the outpatient service of the transplantation institute in warsaw. the patients enrolled into the study had undergone renal transplantation 6 to 72 months before urine samples were collected. 304 urinalysis were performed. in the group of 269 patients, 42 individuals had bacteria in their urine what was confirmed in 47 urine cultures. cases of bacteriuria wer ... | 2005 | 16599304 |
| epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacilli at siriraj hospital, thailand, 2003. | a cross-sectional study was conducted from august to september, 2003 to determine the prevalence and risk factors in acquiring extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producing gram-negative bacilli (gnb) in patients admitted to siriraj hospital and the outcomes of these infections. of 346 isolates of gram-negative bacteria in 249 patients, 102 isolates from 87 patients were colonization only, but 244 isolates from 162 patients were infections. the common gnb were escherichia coli, klebsiella pn ... | 2005 | 16610653 |
| first report of ctx-m-15 and ctx-m-3 beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in béjaia, algeria. | we assessed the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers among 365 clinical isolates of members of the family enterobacteriaceae recovered from two hospitals in béjaia, algeria, between march 2004 and april 2005. twenty-one strains were resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime. a double-disk synergy test yielded a positive result in five cases (three escherichia coli, one klebsiella pneumoniae and one enterobacter cloacae). using polymerase chain ... | 2006 | 16621456 |
| rapid identification of enterobacteriaceae by sequencing dna gyrase subunit b encoding gene. | real-time polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to characterize a 506-bp-long dna fragment internal to the gyrb gene (gyrbint). the sequences obtained from 32 enterobacteriaceae-type strains and those available in the genbank nucleotide sequence database (n = 24) were used as a database to identify 240 clinical enterobacteria isolates. sequence analysis of the gyrbint fragment of 240 strains showed that gyrbint constitutes a discriminative target sequence to differentiate between en ... | 2006 | 16626902 |
| ceftobiprole medocaril (bal5788) treatment of experimental haemophilus influenzae, enterobacter cloacae, and klebsiella pneumoniae murine pneumonia. | ceftobiprole (bal9141) is an investigational cephalosporin active against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci administered as a water-soluble prodrug, ceftobiprole medocaril (bal5788). using an immunocompetent murine pneumonia model of haemophilus influenzae, enterobacter cloacae, or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) nonproducing or producing klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia, we compared results of treatment with ceftobiprole medocaril (71 mg/kg, sc, qid), ceftriaxone (50 mg ... | 2006 | 16631339 |
| [maxipime in the treatment of neonatal sepsis]. | the aim of our work was to confirm the effectiveness of the iv generation cephalosporin maxipime. patients with sepsis, septicaemia (induced by enterobacter cloacae) were investigated. we utilized several antibiotics of large spectrum of action, but the situation was stabilized and improved after the initiation of maxipime. stabilization of the intestinal peristaltic has been achieved using the nutritional mixture alfare (nestle). alfare totally satisfies child's demands on vitamins and microele ... | 2006 | 16636392 |
| stepwise upregulation of the pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosomal cephalosporinase conferring high-level beta-lactam resistance involves three ampd homologues. | development of resistance to the antipseudomonal penicillins and cephalosporins mediated by hyperproduction of the chromosomal cephalosporinase ampc is a major threat to the successful treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. although ampd inactivation has been previously found to lead to a partially derepressed phenotype characterized by increased ampc production but retaining further inducibility, the regulation of ampc in p. aeruginosa is far from well understood. we demonstrate that a ... | 2006 | 16641450 |
| increasing prevalence and diversity of metallo-beta-lactamases in pseudomonas spp., acinetobacter spp., and enterobacteriaceae from korea. | among imipenem-nonsusceptible isolates, acquired metallo-beta-lactamase genes were detected in 36 of 581 (6.2%) pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 42 of 44 (95.4%) other pseudomonas species, and 136 of 513 (26.5%) acinetobacter species from 2003 to 2004 at a korean hospital. overall, bla(vim-2)-like genes were the most prevalent and were also detected in enterobacteriaceae, including klebsiella pneumoniae. | 2006 | 16641469 |
| short-term mortality and implementation of antiretroviral treatment for critically ill hiv-infected children in a developing country. | to describe the short-term outcome of critically ill hiv-infected children with access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in a developing region. | 2007 | 16670122 |
| trends in production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteria of medical interest: report of the second italian nationwide survey. | results of a 2003 survey carried out in italy to evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteria are presented. eleven italian microbiology laboratories investigated 9,076 consecutive nonreplicate isolates (inpatients, 6,850; outpatients, 2,226). esbl screening was performed by mic data analysis. confirmation was obtained using the double-disk synergy test and the combination disk test based on clsi methodology. esbl determinants were investigated by c ... | 2006 | 16672390 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid, simple, and sensitive immunochromatographic assay to detect thermostable direct hemolysin produced by vibrio parahaemolyticus in enrichment cultures of stool specimens. | thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) is considered to be a major virulence factor in vibrio parahaemolyticus, and most cases of v. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are caused by tdh gene-positive strains. in the present study, we developed an immunochromatographic assay to detect tdh (tdh-ica) and evaluated the utility of tdh-ica for the diagnosis of v. parahaemolyticus diarrhea. tdh-ica allowed the detection of 0.2 ng/ml of tdh within 10 min. fecal homogenates were spiked with various numbers ... | 2006 | 16672412 |
| rapid detection of brucella spp. in blood cultures by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | brucellosis is a severe systemic disease in humans. we describe a new 16s rrna-based fluorescence in situ hybridization assay that facilitates rapid and specific detection of all human pathogenic species of brucella and that can be applied directly to positive blood cultures. | 2006 | 16672413 |
| application of minimal sequence quality values prevents misidentification of the blashv type in single bacterial isolates carrying different shv extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. | nucleotide sequencing is the standard molecular method for determination of the beta-lactamase gene present in an isolate. using minimal sequence quality values prevents misidentification of bla(shv) genes, as illustrated by three strains of three different species that each contained two different bla(shv) alleles, shv-2 and shv-12. | 2006 | 16672434 |
| genetic and biochemical evidence for the involvement of a molybdenum-dependent enzyme in one of the selenite reduction pathways of rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans il106. | selenite reduction in rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans was observed under photosynthetic conditions, following a 100-h lag period. this adaptation period was suppressed if the medium was inoculated with a culture previously grown in the presence of selenite, suggesting that selenite reduction involves an inducible enzymatic pathway. a transposon library was screened to isolate mutants affected in selenite reduction. of the eight mutants isolated, two were affected in molybdenum cofac ... | 2006 | 16672451 |
| structural basis for the extended substrate spectrum of cmy-10, a plasmid-encoded class c beta-lactamase. | the emergence and dissemination of extended-spectrum (es) beta-lactamases induce therapeutic failure and a lack of eradication of clinical isolates even by third-generation beta-lactam antibiotics like ceftazidime. cmy-10 is a plasmid-encoded class c beta-lactamase with a wide spectrum of substrates. unlike the well-studied class c es beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae gc1, the omega-loop does not affect the active site conformation and the catalytic activity of cmy-10. instead, a three-am ... | 2006 | 16677302 |
| [clinical observation of the effects of fe combined enzymes on the infection of the granulation burn wound during late post burns stage]. | to observe the effects of combined fe enzymes on the infection of the granulation burn wound during late postburn stage in controlling burn wound infection caused by common antibiotic resistant bacteria. | 2006 | 16680957 |
| [infection pathogen analysis of 2388 patients in an open hematology ward from 1993 to 2004]. | to investigate the incidence of infection and pathogens in hematology ward. | 2006 | 16681921 |
| characterisation and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae isolated from a district teaching hospital in taiwan. | enterobacter cloacae (n = 110) isolates from a district hospital in taiwan were screened for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls). in total, 17 esbl-producers were identified, based on the combination-disk synergy test using cefotaxime and ceftazidime +/- clavulanic acid. investigation of esbl genes in 33 ceftazidime-resistant isolates revealed the shv-12 gene in the same 17 esbl-producers. in addition, one isolate also carried the ctx-m-3 gene, and two isolates also carried the ctx-m-9 gen ... | 2006 | 16700709 |
| gram-negative meningitis and infections in individuals treated with intrathecal baclofen for spasticity: a retrospective study. | the aim of this retrospective study was to describe signs, symptoms, and clinical outcomes of individuals undergoing intrathecal baclofen (itb) therapy who experienced pump-related gram-negative infections including meningitis. participants included 12 individuals (nine males, three females) aged 10 to 32 years (mean 17y 9mo), nine of whom had quadriplegic cp. a total of 571 baclofen pump surgeries were performed with 45 total infections. of the 45 infections, 12 were by gram-negative organisms, ... | 2006 | 16700935 |
| enterobacter cloacae outbreak and emergence of quinolone resistance gene in dutch hospital. | an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae infections with variable susceptibility to fluoroquinolones occurred in the university medical center utrecht in the netherlands in 2002. our investigation showed that a qnra1 gene was present in 78 (94%) of 83 outbreak isolates and that a qnra1-encoding plasmid transferred to other strains of the same species and other species. the earliest isolate carrying this same plasmid was isolated in 1999. qnra1 was located in a complex integron consisting of the inti1 ... | 2006 | 16704842 |
| population-based laboratory surveillance of hafnia alvei isolates in a large canadian health region. | hospital-based series have characterized hafnia alvei primarily as an infrequent agent of polymicrobial nosocomial infections in males with underlying illness. | 2006 | 16707023 |
| emerging plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance associated with the qnra gene in enterobacter cloacae clinical isolates in china. | | 2006 | 16713016 |
| helicobacter species ribosomal dna in the pancreas, stomach and duodenum of pancreatic cancer patients. | to determine whether gastric and enteric helicobacter species are associated with pancreatic cancer. | 2006 | 16718784 |
| model system to evaluate the effect of ampd mutations on ampc-mediated beta-lactam resistance. | mutations within the structural gene of ampd can lead to ampc overproduction and increases in beta-lactam mics in organisms with an inducible ampc. however, identification of mutations alone cannot predict the impact that those mutations have on ampd function. therefore, a model system was designed to determine the effect of ampd mutations on ceftazidime mics using an ampd(-) mutant escherichia coli strain which produced an inducible plasmid-encoded ampc. ampd genes were amplified by pcr from st ... | 2006 | 16723562 |
| indomethacin-associated neutropenia with subsequent gram-negative sepsis in a preterm infant. cause or coincidence? | a preterm male infant with a patent ductus arteriosus developed neutropenia during treatment with indomethacin. afterward, the mother described her own history of indomethacin-associated neutropenia. during the recovery from the neutropenia, the infant became septic with bacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae. although indomethacin-related neutropenia has been described in adults, no case in a neonate has been reported. if neutropenia occurs after indomethacin therapy in a neonate, a familial ... | 2006 | 16724081 |
| elimination and multiplication of bacteria during preparation and storage of buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates. | the prevalence of bacterial contamination of random-donor platelet concentrates (pcs) is considerably lower than that of blood donations. which key steps of the preparation procedure contribute to the elimination of bacteria was investigated. | 2006 | 16734811 |
| resistance in gram-negative bacteria: enterobacteriaceae. | the emergence and spread of resistance in enterobacteriaceae are complicating the treatment of serious nosocomial infections and threatening to create species resistant to all currently available agents. approximately 20% of klebsiella pneumoniae infections and 31% of enterobacter spp infections in intensive care units in the united states now involve strains not susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins. such resistance in k pneumoniae to third-generation cephalosporins is typically caused ... | 2006 | 16735147 |
| purification, characterization, and gene cloning of 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase of enterobacter cloacae p240. | we found the occurrence of 4-hydroxybenzoate decarboxylase in enterobacter cloacae p240, isolated from soils under anaerobic conditions, and purified the enzyme to homogeneity. the purified enzyme was a homohexamer of identical 60 kda subunits. the purified decarboxylase catalyzed the nonoxidative decarboxylation of 4-hydroxybenzoate without requiring any cofactors. its km value for 4-hydroxybenzoate was 596 microm. the enzyme also catalyzed decarboxylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate, for which th ... | 2006 | 16758158 |
| mutations in helicobacter pylori pord and oord genes may contribute to furazolidone resistance. | to determine the rate of furazolidone resistance of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) isolated from gastric biopsy specimens and to explore the relationship between genetic mutations in pord and oord genes of h. pylori and its resistance to the antibiotic. | 2006 | 16758519 |
| iscr elements: novel gene-capturing systems of the 21st century? | "common regions" (crs), such as orf513, are being increasingly linked to mega-antibiotic-resistant regions. while their overall nucleotide sequences show little identity to other mobile elements, amino acid alignments indicate that they possess the key motifs of is91-like elements, which have been linked to the mobility ent plasmids in pathogenic escherichia coli. further inspection reveals that they possess an is91-like origin of replication and termination sites (teris), and therefore crs prob ... | 2006 | 16760305 |
| [in vitro activity of cefepime against esbl-positive clinical strains of gram-negative rods]. | the aim of this study was to determine an in vitro activity of cefepime against esbl-positive clinical strains of gram-negative rods isolated from hospitalized patients. experiments were performed with 100 esbl-positive strains of gram-negative rods isolated from clinical samples in 2004. strains were identified with the use of automatic atb expression system and biochemical id 32 gn tests (biomdrieux sa). extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) were detected by means of disc diffusion methods ... | 2005 | 16773834 |
| clinicopathological and ultrastructural study of multiple lobular capillary hemangioma after scalding. | we herein report 2 cases of multiple lobular capillary hemangiomas after scalding. the patients exhibited papules and nodules on the scalded areas after healing. histopathological examination of the lesions showed capillary proliferation in the upper dermis with edematous stroma containing inflammatory infiltrates predominantly composed of neutrophils. biopsy tissue and secretion specimens from lesions of case 1 were cultured for bacteria, and both grew enterobacter cloacae. ultrastructural exam ... | 2006 | 16778424 |
| improvement of biohydrogen production under decreased partial pressure of h2 by enterobacter cloacae. | when the partial pressure of h(2) was decreased by lowering the total pressure in the headspace of the reactor in a batch fermentation process from 760 mm hg to 380 mm hg containing enterobacter cloacae, the molar yield of h(2) increased from 1.9 mol to 3.9 mol h(2)/mol glucose. the maximum production rate was 0.017 mmol h(2)/h l at 380 mm hg. the lag period as well as total batch time of h(2) production decreased using a decreased partial pressure. | 2006 | 16786249 |
| effect of some environmental parameters on fermentative hydrogen production by enterobacter cloacae dm11. | fermentative hydrogen production was carried out by enterobacter cloacae dm11, using glucose as the substrate. the effects of initial substrate concentration, initial medium ph, and temperature were investigated. results showed that at an initial glucose concentration of 1.0% (m/v), the molar yield of hydrogen was 3.31 mol (mol glucose)(-1). however, at higher initial glucose concentration, both the rate and cumulative volume of hydrogen production decreased. the ph of 6.5 +/- 0.2 at a temperatu ... | 2006 | 16788720 |
| early apoptosis of monocytes contributes to the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory response and of bacterial translocation in an experimental model of multiple trauma. | the objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of apoptosis of monocytes in an experimental model of multiple trauma and its probable correlation to bacterial translocation. thirty-two rabbits were applied in three groups: a, controls; b, myotomy of the right femur; and c, myotomy and fracture of the right femur. blood was sampled for the estimation of endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (lps)], tumour necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, malondialdehyde (mda) and isolation of peripheral blood ... | 2006 | 16792684 |
| adhesive properties of enterobacter sakazakii to human epithelial and brain microvascular endothelial cells. | enterobacter sakazakii is an opportunistic pathogen that has been associated with sporadic cases and outbreaks causing meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis especially in neonates. however, up to now little is known about the mechanisms of pathogenicity in e. sakazakii. a necessary state in the successful colonization, establishment and ultimately production of disease by microbial pathogens is the ability to adhere to host surfaces such as mucous membranes, gastric and intestinal epi ... | 2006 | 16800879 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of cefovecin, a new extended- spectrum cephalosporin, against pathogens collected from dogs and cats in europe and north america. | cefovecin is a new extended-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporin indicated for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs and cats. this study evaluated the in vitro activity and spectrum of cefovecin against 2,641 recent clinical isolates (1,660 canine and 981 feline isolates) from europe and the united states. mic determinations against cefovecin and other reference antimicrobials were performed by broth microdilution methods recommended by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (c ... | 2006 | 16801403 |
| naturally occurring extended-spectrum cephalosporinases in escherichia coli. | genetic and functional characterization of the cephalosporinases produced by 65 clonally unrelated clinical escherichia coli isolates revealed genetic diversity of the ampc genes and showed that gln287, cys287, pro296, leu298, and phe350 substitutions were involved in extension of the hydrolysis spectrum to include ceftazidime and cefepime. | 2006 | 16801449 |
| the use of intravenous and aerosolized polymyxins for the treatment of infections in critically ill patients: a review of the recent literature. | intravenous and aerosolized polymyxins are being used increasingly, especially in the critical care setting, for treating patients with infections due to multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, mainly acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa. recent literature suggests that intravenous colistin and polymyxin b have acceptable effectiveness for the treatment of patients with bacteremia, as well as infections of various systems and organs, including pneumonia, bacteremia, skin and so ... | 2006 | 16809407 |
| resistance in gram-negative bacteria: enterobacteriaceae. | the emergence and spread of resistance in enterobacteriaceae are complicating the treatment of serious nosocomial infections and threatening to create species resistant to all currently available agents. approximately 20% of klebsiella pneumoniae infections and 31% of enterobacter spp infections in intensive care units in the united states now involve strains not susceptible to third-generation cephalosporins. such resistance in k pneumoniae to third-generation cephalosporins is typically caused ... | 2006 | 16813978 |
| expression of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase gene requires symbiotic nitrogen-fixing regulator gene nifa2 in mesorhizobium loti maff303099. | many soil bacteria contain 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase, which degrades acc, a precursor of the phytohormone ethylene. in order to examine the regulation of the acds gene encoding acc deaminase in mesorhizobium loti maff303099 during symbiosis with the host legume lotus japonicus, we introduced the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene into acds so that gus was expressed under control of the acds promoter, and we also generated disruption mutants with mutations in a nitrogen fix ... | 2006 | 16820494 |
| enhancement of in vitro growth of pathogenic bacteria by norepinephrine: importance of inoculum density and role of transferrin. | norepinephrine is a stress hormone that enhances bacterial growth. we examined the effects of a small inoculum on the norepinephrine-induced growth of species previously reported to be unaffected by norepinephrine. the results indicated that a reduced inoculum density is essential for observing norepinephrine-induced effects. additional studies using serum-free media suggested that transferrin plays a role in norepinephrine-induced growth. | 2006 | 16820514 |
| identification and characterization of bacterial pathogens causing bloodstream infections by dna microarray. | bloodstream infections are potentially life-threatening and require rapid identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the causative pathogen in order to facilitate specific antimicrobial therapy. we developed a prototype dna microarray for the identification and characterization of three important bacteremia-causing species: staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the array consisted of 120 species-specific gene probes 200 to 800 bp in length that were am ... | 2006 | 16825354 |
| replicon typing of plasmids encoding resistance to newer beta-lactams. | polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing represents a novel method to describe the dissemination and follow the evolution of resistance plasmids. we used this approach to study 26 epidemiologically unrelated enterobacteriaceae and demonstrate the dominance of incompatibility (inc) a/c or inc n-related plasmids carrying some emerging resistance determinants to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. | 2006 | 16836838 |
| molecular modeling and chemical reactivity of sanfetrinem and derivatives. | the indiscriminate use of beta-lactams has considerably diminished their efficiency as a result of bacteria developing effective defense mechanisms against them. recent pharmaceutical research has led to the synthesis of tricyclic beta-lactam antibiotics known as "tricyclic carbapenems" or "trinems". in this work, we studied the chemical reactivity, an essential property for antibiotic action, of trinems and found it to be similar to that of cephalosporins. also, we elucidated the interaction pa ... | 2005 | 16852178 |
| antibiotic coresistance in extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and in vitro activity of tigecycline. | the spread of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing organisms, particularly those harboring the ctx-m-type enzymes, both in the hospital and in the community, is difficult to discontinue due to the successful mobilization and evolution of the genetic elements harboring esbl genes and coresistance rates in these isolates. the activities of tigecycline against 285 non-clonally related isolates (172 from escherichia coli, 84 from klebsiella spp., 20 from enterobacter spp., 5 from salmon ... | 2006 | 16870760 |
| dissemination and persistence of blactx-m-9 are linked to class 1 integrons containing cr1 associated with defective transposon derivatives from tn402 located in early antibiotic resistance plasmids of inchi2, incp1-alpha, and incfi groups. | this study analyzes the diversity of in60, a class 1 integron bearing cr1 and containing bla(ctx-m-9), and its association with tn402, tn21, and classical conjugative plasmids among 45 ctx-m-9-producing clinical strains (41 escherichia coli strains, 2 klebsiella pneumoniae strains, 1 salmonella enterica strain, and 1 enterobacter cloacae strain). forty-five patients in a spanish tertiary care hospital were studied (1996 to 2003). the diversity of in60 and association of in60 with tn402 or mercur ... | 2006 | 16870767 |
| crystal structure and activity studies of the mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-lactamase reveal its critical role in resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. | beta-lactam antibiotics are extremely effective in disrupting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. however, they are ineffective against mycobacterium tuberculosis, due to the production of a beta-lactamase enzyme encoded on the chromosome of m. tuberculosis that degrades these antibiotics. indeed, recent studies have demonstrated that deletion of the blac gene, the only gene encoding a beta-lactamase in m. tuberculosis, or inhibition of the ... | 2006 | 16870770 |
| outer membrane protein changes and efflux pump expression together may confer resistance to ertapenem in enterobacter cloacae. | we investigated ertapenem-susceptible and -resistant extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter cloacae isolates obtained from the same patient. gene transcription of ompd and ompf was diminished in the ertapenem-resistant isolate. an efflux pump inhibitor decreased the mics of ertapenem in the resistant strain, suggesting a potential role of efflux pumps in ertapenem resistance. | 2006 | 16870780 |
| [high effectiveness of the method with cefpirome in detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in different species of gram-negative bacilli]. | gram-negative bacilli were examined for esbl production by using four methods: double-disc synergy diffusion test (ddst), and three tests of combined discs with cefpodoxime, ceftazidime and cefotaxime alone and the same cephalosporins with clavulanic acid. strains determined as esbl-negative with all these tests were examined by using fifth method with cefpirome. 47,5% from 178 negative in other methods strains, appeared esbl-positive in this test. the examined strains belonged to 16 different s ... | 2006 | 16871974 |
| nature of bacteria found on some wards in sultan qaboos university hospital, oman. | this study aims to determine what objects lying in the hospital environment or brought in from outside contribute to the introduction of bacteria associated with nosocomial infections. one hundred swab specimens collected from children's toys, sinks, door handles, telephone handsets and flowers brought into the hospital were plated on different culture media. colonial growth on the media was purified and identified subsequently using standard bacteriological methods. of the 100 samples cultured, ... | 2006 | 16871995 |
| resolution of distinct membrane-bound enzymes from enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1 that are responsible for selective reduction of nitrate and selenate oxyanions. | enterobacter cloacae sld1a-1 is capable of reductive detoxification of selenate to elemental selenium under aerobic growth conditions. the initial reductive step is the two-electron reduction of selenate to selenite and is catalyzed by a molybdenum-dependent enzyme demonstrated previously to be located in the cytoplasmic membrane, with its active site facing the periplasmic compartment (c. a. watts, h. ridley, k. l. condie, j. t. leaver, d. j. richardson, and c. s. butler, fems microbiol. lett. ... | 2006 | 16885262 |
| discovery of a marine bacterium producing 4-hydroxybenzoate and its alkyl esters, parabens. | chemically synthesized 4-hydroxybenzoate (4hba) is widely used in the chemical and electrical industries as a material for producing polymers such as those of the liquid crystal type. its alkyl esters, called parabens, have been the most widely used preservatives by the food and cosmetic industries. we report here for the first time a microorganism, a marine bacterium, which biosynthesizes these petrochemical products. the marine bacterial strain, a4b-17, which was found to belong to the genus m ... | 2006 | 16885309 |
| ai-3 synthesis is not dependent on luxs in escherichia coli. | the quorum-sensing (qs) signal autoinducer-2 (ai-2) has been proposed to promote interspecies signaling in a broad range of bacterial species. ai-2 is spontaneously derived from 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione that, along with homocysteine, is produced by cleavage of s-adenosylhomocysteine (sah) and s-ribosylhomocysteine by the pfs and luxs enzymes. numerous phenotypes have been attributed to ai-2 qs signaling using luxs mutants. we have previously reported that the luxs mutation also affects the ... | 2006 | 16885435 |
| activity of rhodobacter sphaeroides rpohii, a second member of the heat shock sigma factor family. | we have identified a second rpoh homolog, rpoh(ii), in the alpha-proteobacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides. primary amino acid sequence comparisons demonstrate that r. sphaeroides rpoh(ii) belongs to a phylogenetically distinct group with rpoh orthologs from alpha-proteobacteria that contain two rpoh genes. like its previously identified paralog, rpoh(i), rpoh(ii) is able to complement the temperature-sensitive phenotype of an escherichia coli sigma(32) (rpoh) mutant. in addition, we show that rec ... | 2006 | 16885439 |
| [management of tertiary peritonitis in the patients complicated with intestinal fistula]. | to investigate the etiology and management of tertiary peritonitis in the patients with intestinal fistula. | 2006 | 16886103 |
| co-production of 16s rrna methylases and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens in korea. | | 2006 | 16891325 |
| an outbreak of wound infection in cardiac surgery patients caused by enterobacter cloacae arising from cardioplegia ice. | this paper describes an outbreak of postoperative sternal wound infections. a cardiac surgeon noted a cluster of serious infections leading to wound dehiscence, despite the fact that none of his colleagues had noticed a rise in infection rates. the infections were predominantly with enterobacter cloacae, and molecular typing and serotyping showed these isolates to be indistinguishable. observation of the surgeon's practice revealed nothing untoward, and there were no infections among his patient ... | 2006 | 16899327 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in australia. | the aim of this study was to search for plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance determinants qnra and qnrs in fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacterial isolates recovered in sydney, australia, in 2002. twenty-three fluoroquinolone-resistant, of which 16 were also esbl-positive, enterobacterial and nonrelated isolates were studied. pcr with primers specific for qnra and qnrs genes and primers specific for a series of esbl genes were used. a qnra ... | 2006 | 16922624 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in taiwan: epidemiology, detection, treatment and infection control. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) efficiently hydrolyze extended-spectrum beta-lactams such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. esbls are most often plasmid-mediated. in taiwan, the prevalence of esbls in bacteria has risen, ranging from 8.5 to 29.8% in klebsiella pneumoniae and 1.5 to 16.7% in escherichia coli isolates. the most prevalent types of esbls are shv-5, shv-12, ctx-m-3, and ctx-m-14 in isolates of k. pneumoniae and e. coli, with differences between institu ... | 2006 | 16926972 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of pk245, a 98-kilobase plasmid conferring quinolone resistance and extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase activity in a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. | a plasmid containing the qnrs quinolone resistance determinant and the gene encoding the shv-2 beta-lactamase has been discovered from a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in taiwan. the complete 98-kb sequence of this plasmid, designated pk245, was determined by using a whole-genome shotgun approach. transfer of pk245 conferred low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in electroporant escherichia coli epi300. the sequence of the immediate region surrounding qnrs in pk245 is nearly i ... | 2006 | 16940067 |
| detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | with the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in pseudomonas aeruginosa being increasingly reported worldwide, there is a need for a reliable test to detect esbls in clinical isolates of p. aeruginosa. in our study, a total of 75 clinical isolates of p. aeruginosa were studied. nitrocefin tests were performed to detect the beta-lactamase enzyme; isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, pcr, and pcr product sequencing were designed to further characterize the contained esbls. vari ... | 2006 | 16940093 |
| in vivo reversion to the wild-type beta-lactam resistance phenotype mediated by a plasmid carrying ampr and qnra1 in enterobacter cloacae. | resistance to beta-lactams and quinolones in two isogenic enterobacter cloacae isolates was studied. one was susceptible to cefoxitin and amoxicillin-clavulanate. the other one showed its natural beta-lactam resistance pattern. both isolates had a nonfunctional ampr regulator. however, within the second one, the presence of a plasmid carrying ampr and qnra1 allowed reversion to the wild-type beta-lactam resistance phenotype and decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. | 2006 | 16940123 |
| identification of rnase 8 as a novel human antimicrobial protein. | the antimicrobial activity of the human rnase a superfamily member rnase 8 was evaluated. recombinant rnase 8 exhibited broad-spectrum microbicidal activity against potential pathogenic microorganisms (including multidrug-resistant strains) at micro- to nanomolar concentrations. thus, rnase 8 was identified as a novel antimicrobial protein and may contribute to host defense. | 2006 | 16940129 |
| effect of carbon substrates on rock phosphate solubilization by bacteria from composts and macrofauna. | five of the 207 isolates from different composts, farm waste compost (fwc), rice straw compost (rsc), gliricidia vermicompost (gvc), and macrofauna, showed rock phosphate (rp) solubilization in buffered medium in plate culture. when tested in rp broth medium, all five strains, enterobacter cloacae eb 27, serratia marcescens eb 67, serratia sp. eb 75, pseudomonas sp. cdb 35, and pseudomonas sp. bwb 21, showed gluconic acid production and solubilized rp. based on cellulose-degrading and p-solubili ... | 2006 | 16941242 |
| phenotypic detection of carbapenem-susceptible metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacilli in the clinical laboratory. | rapid detection of metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl)-producing gram-negative pathogens is critical to prevent their widespread dissemination. thus far, no standardized phenotypic method is available, and previously reported techniques have poor sensitivity for detecting carbapenem-susceptible mbl-carrying isolates, an increasingly described phenomenon. we developed a phenotypic detection method using both a double-disk synergy test and a combined-disk test with imipenem and 292 microg edta on one aga ... | 2006 | 16954239 |
| prevalence of newer beta-lactamases in gram-negative clinical isolates collected in the united states from 2001 to 2002. | newer beta-lactamases such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls), transferable ampc beta-lactamases, and carbapenemases are associated with laboratory testing problems of false susceptibility that can lead to inappropriate therapy for infected patients. because there appears to be a lack of awareness of these enzymes, a study was conducted during 2001 to 2002 in which 6,421 consecutive, nonduplicate clinical isolates of aerobically growing gram-negative bacilli from patients at 42 intensi ... | 2006 | 16954267 |
| detection of enterobacter sakazakii in dried infant milk formula by cationic-magnetic-bead capture. | enterobacter sakazakii has been associated with life-threatening infections in premature low-birth-weight infants. contaminated infant milk formula (imf) has been implicated in cases of e. sakazakii meningitis. quick and sensitive methods to detect low-level contamination sporadically present in imf preparations would positively contribute towards risk reduction across the infant formula food chain. here we report on the development of a simple method, combining charged separation and growth on ... | 2006 | 16957259 |
| isolation and characterization of a new t-even bacteriophage, cev1, and determination of its potential to reduce escherichia coli o157:h7 levels in sheep. | bacteriophage cev1 was isolated from sheep resistant to escherichia coli o157:h7 colonization. in vitro, cev1 efficiently infected e. coli o157:h7 grown both aerobically and anaerobically. in vivo, sheep receiving a single oral dose of cev1 showed a 2-log-unit reduction in intestinal e. coli o157:h7 levels within 2 days compared to levels in the controls. | 2006 | 16957272 |
| extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in lebanese icu patients: epidemiology and patterns of resistance. | our study aims to investigate and describe the epidemiology of the intestinal carriage of esbl-ps in intensive care units of five lebanese hospitals and to analyze the potential risk factors for the acquisition of these strains. at the same time, we intend to determine the patterns of susceptibility of these strains, exploring therefore the availability of alternative treatment. one thousand, four hundred forty-two fecal samples were collected between january 1, 2003 and march 31, 2003 from 378 ... | 2006 | 16960333 |
| occurrence of qnra-positive clinical isolates in french teaching hospitals during 2002-2005. | bacteria harbouring the novel qnra plasmid-mediated mechanism of quinolone resistance have been described in different countries, but the frequency of their occurrence has not been investigated. in total, 1,468 clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae with quinolone resistance or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) phenotypes were collected from eight teaching hospitals in france during 2002-2005 and screened for qnra. overall, 28 isolates (22 enterobacter cloacae, three klebsiella pneumoniae ... | 2006 | 16961639 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnrs in enterobacter cloacae. | pcr was used to investigate the occurrence of the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance determinants qnra and qnrs among diarrhoeagenic enterobacterial isolates recovered from hanoi, vietnam, during the period march 2001 to april 2002. in total, 162 escherichia coli isolates, 28 shigella isolates and three enterobacter cloacae isolates were negative for qnra, while a single ent. cloacae isolate harboured a 50-kb qnrs-positive conjugative plasmid. cloning and sequencing identified a qnrs gene brac ... | 2006 | 16961640 |
| treatment of bone and joint infections caused by gram-negative bacilli with a cefepime-fluoroquinolone combination. | a 3-year retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of cefepime plus a fluoroquinolone for treating bone and joint infections caused by gram-negative bacilli (gnb) in 28 patients. intra-operative cultures yielded primarily pseudomonas spp. and enterobacter cloacae. full recovery (cure) was observed in 79% of patients. there were no serious adverse effects and no resistant organisms were isolated. the results of the study confirmed the safety and effectiveness of cefepime combined ... | 2006 | 16961643 |
| trichosporon asahii. blood-stream infection in a non-cancer patient receiving combination antifungal therapy. | | 2006 | 16964817 |
| carbapenem resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae not detected by automated susceptibility testing. | detecting beta-lactamase-mediated carbapenem resistance among klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and other enterobacteriaceae is an emerging problem. in this study, 15 blakpc-positive klebsiella pneumoniae that showed discrepant results for imipenem and meropenem from 4 new york city hospitals were characterized by isoelectric focusing; broth microdilution (bmd); disk diffusion (dd); and microscan, phoenix, sensititre, vitek, and vitek 2 automated systems. all 15 isolates were either intermediate or ... | 2006 | 16965699 |