| diffuse pneumocephalus in neonatal citrobacter meningitis. | pneumocephalus, intracranial air or gas collection, associated with neonatal meningitis is extremely rare. we report the first case in the united states and the second case in the world of intracranial gas accumulation in a neonate with citrobacter koseri meningitis. the clinical presentation was acute with pneumocephalus demonstrated by cranial sonography and computed tomography. the clinical course was fatal despite the prompt administration of antibiotics. | 2006 | 17000783 |
| antibacterial agent discovery using thymidylate synthase biolibrary screening. | thymidylate synthase (ts, thya) catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate to 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate, an essential precursor for dna synthesis. a specific inhibition of this enzyme induces bacterial cell death. as a second round lead optimization design, new 1,2-naphthalein derivatives have been synthesized and tested against a ts-based biolibrary, including human thymidylate synthase (hts). docking studies have been performed to rationalize the experimen ... | 2006 | 17004711 |
| bacillus subtilis spores reduce susceptibility to citrobacter rodentium-mediated enteropathy in a mouse model. | the present work was aimed at investigating whether bacillus subtilis spores, widely used in probiotic as well as pharmaceutical preparations for mild gastrointestinal disorders, can suppress enteric infections. to address this issue, we developed a mouse model of infection using the mouse enteropathogen citrobacter rodentium, a member of a family of human and animal pathogens which includes the clinically significant enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli strains. ... | 2006 | 17005378 |
| mercuric reductase gene transfer from soil to rumen bacteria. | conjugal transfer between soil bacterial population and microorganisms isolated from the rumen of herbivores from mercury-polluted area was investigated. the transfer of mera encoding mercury-resistance plasmids from soil bacteria enterobacter cloacae and enterococcus durans into two ruminal isolates citrobacter freundii and bacillus subtilis was observed. approximately the same frequency of mobilization in mating experiments was observed for both gram-negative (approximately 2.5 x 10(-8), trans ... | 2006 | 17007435 |
| increased serum iga and igm against lps of enterobacteria in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs): indication for the involvement of gram-negative enterobacteria in the etiology of cfs and for the presence of an increased gut-intestinal permeability. | there is now evidence that chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is accompanied by immune disorders and by increased oxidative stress. the present study has been designed in order to examine the serum concentrations of iga and igm to lps of gram-negative enterobacteria, i.e. hafnia alvei; pseudomonas aeruginosa, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas putida, citrobacter koseri, and klebsiella pneumoniae in cfs patients, patients with partial cfs and normal controls. we found that the preva ... | 2007 | 17007934 |
| emergence of serine carbapenemases (kpc and sme) among clinical strains of enterobacteriaceae isolated in the united states medical centers: report from the mystic program (1999-2005). | among 8885 enterobacteriaceae tested in the 1999 to 2005 period as part of the usa meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) program, 51 strains with increased imipenem and meropenem mic values (> or =2 microg/ml) were detected. bla(kpc) was identified from 28 klebsiella pneumoniae from 3 medical centers in the new york city area (8 ribotypes), 2 klebsiella oxytoca from arkansas (same ribotype), 7 citrobacter freundii (6 from new york [5 ribotypes] and 1 from delaware) ... | 2006 | 17020798 |
| comparison of colonization dynamics and pathology of mice infected with enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic e. coli and citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and citrobacter rodentium (cr) colonize the gastrointestinal tract epithelium via attaching and effacing lesions. while humans are believed to be the only living reservoir of typical epec and ehec to have border host specificity, cr is a restricted mouse pathogen. recently, conflicting conclusions were reported concerning the utility of a murine model to study mechanisms of epec and ehec colonization and infection. we th ... | 2006 | 17034412 |
| a novel phytase with preferable characteristics from yersinia intermedia. | a yersinia intermedia strain producing phytase was isolated from glacier soil. the phytase gene, appa, was isolated by degenerate pcr and tail-pcr. the full-length fragment contained 2354bp with a 1326-bp open reading frame encoding 441 amino acids. appa contained the active site rhgxrxp and hd sequence motifs that are typical of histidine acid phosphatases. to our knowledge, this is the first report of the detection of phytase activity and cloning of the relevant gene from y. intermedia. the ge ... | 2006 | 17034758 |
| there is a low incidence of recurrent bacteriuria in painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis patients followed longitudinally. | the objective of this paper was to establish whether patients with confirmed painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (pbs/ic) presenting with symptoms of uti have actual bacteriuria vs a flare of their pbs/ic symptoms. one hundred and six (n = 106) consecutive female patients (mean age 39.8 +/- 14 years) with newly diagnosed ic were identified and followed longitudinally for 24 months. at the initial visit and at all subsequent visits, urinary specimens were obtained by sterile catheteriz ... | 2007 | 17036170 |
| evaluation of the 10th external quality assessment scheme results in clinical microbiology laboratories in tehran and districts. | we evaluated the performance of microbiology laboratories in the 10th run of the external quality assessment scheme (eqas) in tehran and districts. each laboratory was sent 2 species of bacteria for identification. of the 487 laboratories that participated, 437 returned their findings. while 77.0% and 69.9% correctly identified staphylococcus saprophyticus and citrobacter freundii respectively, only 29.8% correctly identified acinetobacter baumanii, 25.3% identified enterococcus faecalis and 35. ... | 2006 | 17037699 |
| carbon : nitrogen : phosphorus ratios influence biofilm formation by enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | to test the effects of c : n : p ratio modification of a well-known nutrient medium formulation, the endo formulation on biofilm formation by enterobacter cloacae ecl and citrobacter freundii cf1 in both single-species and binary species biofilms. | 2006 | 17040234 |
| [development of beta-lactamase resistance in enterobacteria]. | enterobacteria produce elementary chromosomal enzymes, beta-lactamases of class a: tem and shv (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae). these can give rise to plasmid-coded broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) discovered in 1980 (e. coli, k. pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae). the first cefotaximase (ctx-m, men-1) was reported in europe in 1990. this enzyme is far more active against cefotaxime than against ceftazidime and aztreonam. chromosomal hyperpoduction of k1 beta-lactamase differs from ... | 2006 | 17051471 |
| the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection antimicrobial susceptibility program in spain: a 5-year analysis. | the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection program is a global study providing in vitro surveillance data on antimicrobial susceptibility in centers prescribing meropenem. this study summarizes data on the activity of meropenem and 5 comparators against 4022 clinical isolates from 7 centers in spain (1999-2003). those bacteria intrinsically resistant to meropenem were excluded. among enterobacteriaceae, 100% of enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., and serratia spp. were susc ... | 2007 | 17052882 |
| dual alterations in casein kinase i-epsilon and gsk-3beta modulate beta-catenin stability in hyperproliferating colonic epithelia. | casein kinase i (cki)-epsilon and gsk-3beta phosphorylate beta-catenin at ser(45) (beta-cat(45)) and thr(41)/ser(37,33) (beta-cat(33,37,41)) residues, thereby facilitating its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. we used a citrobacter rodentium-induced transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia (tmch) model to determine ser/thr phosphorylation and biological function of beta-catenin during crypt hyperproliferation. tmch was associated with 3-fold and 3.3-fold increases in cki-epsilon cellul ... | 2007 | 17053159 |
| animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: lessons from enteric infections. | mouse models of intestinal inflammation have played a key role in understanding the mechanisms that govern the inflammatory response in the intestine, and in designing new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). most of these models use chemical challenges, whereas relatively few robust models of intestinal inflammation caused by microbial infection are known. two common models of infectious murine colitis and typhlitis are infection with the mu ... | 2006 | 17057188 |
| role of lymphotoxins in the development of peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes: relevance to intestinal inflammation and treatment. | hallmarks of the adaptive immune system are antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. secondary lymphoid organs serve as sites of contact between antigen-presenting cells (apcs) and immune effector t and b lymphocytes. the gut-associated lymphatic system (galt) as the intestinal branch of the immune system provides different mechanisms to protect organisms against pathogens. simultaneously, immune activation secondary to genetic factors and/or environmental signals can induce detri ... | 2006 | 17057199 |
| are laboratory-based antibiograms reliable to guide the selection of empirical antimicrobial treatment in patients with hospital-acquired infections? | antibiograms are often taken into account to define a rational selection of an empirical antimicrobial therapy for treating patients with hospital-acquired infections. in this study, we performed a paired comparison between the antibiogram constructed with laboratory-based data and that formed with data subjected to prior clinical validation. | 2007 | 17079239 |
| functional analysis of replication and stability regions of broad-host-range conjugative plasmid ctx-m3 from the incl/m incompatibility group. | plasmid ctx-m3 (89 kb) isolated from citrobacter freundii from a warsaw hospital is a mosaic plasmid with replication functions 100% identical with those of pmu407.1 of the incl/m group, conjugative operons with up to 60% homology to colib-p9 (inci) and stability functions originating either from nr1(r100) (incfii) or colib-p9 /r1/nr1 plasmids. we established the broad-host-range for pctx-m3 and defined its minireplicon in escherichia coli. we analyzed the role of stability cassettes and showed ... | 2007 | 17087993 |
| [clinical results of resection arthroplasty for infected shoulder arthroplasty]. | infection is a rare complication of shoulder arthroplasty. various therapeutic solutions have been proposed: antibiotics alone, one-stage or two-stage reimplantation, surgical or arthroscopic cleaning without prosthesis removal, scapulohumeral arthrodesis or simple arthroscopic resection. we evaluated the mid-term clinical outcome after resection arthroplasty for the treatment of infected shoulder arthroplasty. | 2006 | 17088753 |
| inactivation of tyrosine phenol-lyase by pictet-spengler reaction and alleviation by t15a mutation on intertwined n-terminal arm. | citrobacter freundiil-tyrosine phenol-lyase (tpl) was inactivated by a pictet-spengler reaction between the cofactor and a substrate, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (l-dopa), in proportion to an increase in the reaction temperature. random mutagenesis of the tpl gene resulted in the generation of a thr15 to ala mutant (t15a), which exhibited a two-fold improved activity towards l-dopa as the substrate. the thr15 residue was located on the intertwined n-terminal arm of the tpl structure, and compr ... | 2006 | 17094783 |
| identification and characterization of nlei, a new non-lee-encoded effector of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec). | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), a major gastrointestinal pathogen, causes infantile diarrhea in many developing countries. epec is an attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogen that utilizes a lee-encoded type iii secretion system (ttss) to deliver effector proteins into host cells. these effectors have been identified as potential virulence factors in a/e pathogens including epec, enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and citrobacter rodentium (cr). we used a proteomics approach to identify a n ... | 2006 | 17097322 |
| flip influences citrobacter koseri macrophage uptake, cytokine expression and brain abscess formation in the neonatal rat. | citrobacter koseri causes neonatal meningitis frequently complicated with multiple brain abscesses. during c. koseri central nervous system infection in the neonatal rat model, previous studies have documented many bacteria-filled macrophages within the neonatal rat brain and abscesses. previous studies have also shown that c. koseri is taken up by, survives phagolysosomal fusion and replicates in macrophages in vitro and in vivo. in this study, in order to elucidate genetic and cellular factors ... | 2006 | 17108264 |
| conservative debridement of postoperative meleney's gangrene following a caesarean section. | meleney's gangrene is almost exclusively postoperative and is caused by multiple bacteria. this case review describes the conservative management of meleney's gangrene in a young patient following a caesarean section. | 2006 | 17124818 |
| occurrence and diversity of integrons and beta-lactamase genes among ampicillin-resistant isolates from estuarine waters. | the aim of the present study was to assess the occurrence and molecular diversity of beta-lactamase genes and integrons among gram-negative ampicillin-resistant bacteria from ria de aveiro. ampicillin-resistant isolates were selected and subjected to genotyping using rep-pcr. representatives from each rep pattern were affiliated with the following taxa by sequencing the 16s rrna gene: aeromonas caviae, a. hydrophila, a. media, a. molluscorum, a. veronii, a. salmonicida, aeromonas sp., pseudomona ... | 2006 | 17125975 |
| transient neutrophilic thrombophagocytosis associated with citrobacter freundii septicemia. | | 2006 | 17149945 |
| peritumoral citrobacter koseri abscess associated with parasagittal meningioma. | this is the second report of a citrobacter-associated brain abscess in an adult and the first report of its association with an intradural tumor. excluding those associated with trauma, neurosurgical procedures, and proximity to the skull base, only seven other cases of abscesses associated with intracranial tumors have been published. five of seven tumor-associated abscesses with a microbiological diagnosis involved gram-negative bacteria, a finding that may indicate a predilection of these mic ... | 2005 | 17152669 |
| evaluation of a new selective chromogenic agar medium for detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | a novel chromogenic agar medium (esbl-bx; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france) was compared to macconkey agar supplemented with 2 mg ceftazidime/liter (mckc) for the selective isolation and presumptive identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae directly from clinical samples. of a total of 644 clinical specimens (including 551 fecal samples), 496 yielded no growth and 148 yielded growth on one or both media. overall, 44 esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae ... | 2007 | 17182756 |
| both sulfate-reducing bacteria and enterobacteriaceae take part in marine biocorrosion of carbon steel. | in order to evaluate the part played in biocorrosion by microbial groups other than sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb), we characterized the phylogenetic diversity of a corrosive marine biofilm attached to a harbour pile structure as well as to carbon steel surfaces (coupons) immersed in seawater for increasing time periods (1 and 8 months). we thus experimentally checked corroding abilities of defined species mixtures. | 2007 | 17184331 |
| enterobacteriaceae in dehydrated powdered infant formula manufactured in indonesia and malaysia. | to determine the occurrence of salmonella and shigella in infant formula from southeast asia, 74 packages of dehydrated powdered infant follow-on formula (recommended age, > 4 months) from five different manufacturers, four from indonesia and one from malaysia, were analyzed. none of the 25-g test portions yielded salmonella or shigella. however, further identification of colonies growing on selective media used for salmonella and shigella detection revealed the frequent occurrence of several ot ... | 2006 | 17186672 |
| [using antibiotics in urinary tract infection in a first level of attention health care unit in bogotá, colombia]. | describing using antibiotics for urinary tract infection in a first level of attention health care unit. | 2006 | 17191601 |
| growth of salmonella enterica in model mixed cultures during a two-step enrichment. | growth of salmonella enterica was studied in model mixed cultures with citrobacter freundii or escherichia coli in buffered peptone water (bpw) and in rappaport-vassiliadis medium with soya (rvs) with modified concentrations of mgcl2 and malachite green, and at modified incubation temperatures. selected s. enterica strains were inoculated in bpw (10(0) cfu/ml) together with selected strains of citrobacter freundii (up to 10(8) cfu/ml) or selected strains of escherichia coli (up to 10(8) cfu/ml), ... | 2006 | 17201092 |
| [short communication: prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in gram negative rods: data of 2001-2004 period]. | this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production by gram negative rods (gnrs) isolated from various clinical specimens (3.240 urine, 336 pus, 277 feces, 83 blood, 38 sputum) sent to our hospital laboratory, between 2001-2004. of isolated bacteria 71.4% were identified as escherichia coli, 11.1% were klebsiella spp, 4.2% were salmonella spp, 3.7% were pseudomonas spp, 3.5% were proteus spp, 2.9% were shigella spp, 2.3% were enterobacter s ... | 2006 | 17205693 |
| occurrence of strains producing specific antibacterial inhibitory agents in five genera of enterobacteriaceae. | striking differences in the production of specific inhibitory agents affecting other strains of the same (or of related) species were found between genera of the family enterobacteriaceae. we tested 50-163 strains each of the potentially pathogenic genera: escherichia, citrobacter, enterobacter, kluyvera, and leclercia for their ability to produce bacteriophages, high-molecular-weight (hmw) and low-molecular-weight (lmw) bacteriocins and siderophores against the same sets of strains, using the c ... | 2007 | 17211543 |
| emergence of arma and rmtb aminoglycoside resistance 16s rrna methylases in belgium. | 16s rrna methylase-mediated high-level resistance to aminoglycosides has been reported recently in clinical isolates of gram-negative bacilli only from a limited number of countries. this study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of this type of resistance in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from two belgian hospitals and the characteristics of the strains. | 2007 | 17224412 |
| spontaneous citrobacter freundii infection in an immunocompetent patient. | | 2007 | 17224563 |
| occurrence and characterization of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2000-2004). | emergence and dissemination of enterobacteriaceae isolates harboring carbapenemases in various geographic regions represents a significant threat to the management of nosocomial infections. enterobacteriaceae isolates from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2000-2004) demonstrating decreased susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic], > or =2 mg/l) were evaluated for the production of metallo-beta-lactamases and serine carbapenemases using disk a ... | 2006 | 17227206 |
| delayed recurrence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscess: an unusual case and review of the literature. | although intra-abdominal abscess is one of the major complications of abdominal surgery, the literature documents only a few cases of recurrence after a long asymptomatic period. | 2006 | 17233573 |
| real-time pcr method for salmonella spp. targeting the stn gene. | to develop a real-time pcr assay for salmonella spp. targeting the stn gene. | 2007 | 17241358 |
| chromosome-encoded narrow-spectrum ambler class a beta-lactamase gil-1 from citrobacter gillenii. | a novel beta-lactamase gene was cloned from the whole-cell dna of an enterobacterial citrobacter gillenii reference strain that displayed a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype and was expressed in escherichia coli. it encoded a clavulanic acid-inhibited ambler class a beta-lactamase, gil-1, with a pi value of 7.5 and a molecular mass of ca. 29 kda. gil-1 had the highest percent amino acid sequence identity with tem-1 and shv-1, 77%, and 67%, respectively, and only 46%, 31%, and ... | 2007 | 17242148 |
| predictors of in-hospital mortality for bloodstream infections caused by enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii. | to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality among patients with bacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, or citrobacter freundii. | 2007 | 17253909 |
| first identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates producing a kpc-type carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase. | in medellin, colombia, three pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with high-level carbapenem resistance (mic>or=256 microg/ml) and an isolate of citrobacter freundii with reduced susceptibility to imipenem produced the plasmid-mediated class a carbapenemase kpc-2. this is the first report of a kpc-type beta-lactamase identified outside of the family enterobacteriaceae. | 2007 | 17261621 |
| surveillance of bacteriological quality of natural water resources in rural areas around kasauli town, distt. solan, himachal pradesh. | a study was conducted to find out the bacteriological quality of water during the monsoon season in local areas around kasauli town, and to evaluate the management of water resources in rural areas. the water samples were collected from bowries and hand pumps. as there is no municipal water supply in majority of these areas, the local residents depends mainly on these natural resources without any treatment of water. all the 14 surface water samples collected from bowries were found bacteriologi ... | 2005 | 17278659 |
| detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteriaceae by use of semiautomated microbiology systems and manual detection procedures. | three commercially available microbiology identification and susceptibility testing systems were compared with regard to their ability to detect extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) production in enterobacteriaceae, i.e., the phoenix automated microbiology system (bd diagnostic systems, sparks, md), the vitek 2 system (biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), and the microscan walkaway-96 system (dade behring, inc., west sacramento, ca), using routine testing panels. one hundred fifty putative es ... | 2007 | 17287329 |
| characterization of the gene encoding the 16s rrna of enterobacter sakazakii and development of a species-specific pcr method. | the gene encoding the 16s rrna of enterobacter (e.) sakazakii (atcc 29544, plus four strains isolated from powdered infant formula) was studied, and the sequence compared with those of other enterobacteriaceae in aspects of genetic variability. sequence differences between e. sakazakii and other enterobacteriaceae within the hypervariable regions v1, v2, and v3, respectively, were used to develop two pcr methods for e. sakazakii. pcr1 employed a primer pair located in v1/v2, while pcr2 utilized ... | 2007 | 17289198 |
| [antagonistic effect of bacteriocinogenic lactobacillus acidophilus on klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and proteus mirabilis cells]. | data of the ultrastructural cellular changes of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria, including k. pneumoniae, c. freundii and p. mirabilis cells impacts to bacteriocin-producing l. acidophilus are presented. enterobacteria in response to the bacteriocinogenic effect of lactobacilli are manifestated by expressive destructions of sensitive to pore formation bacteriocin cells. various morphological types of enterobacteria cells with increase of involution, lysing and resting forms are revealed. ... | 2006 | 17297872 |
| [pyrazinamidase activity of bacteria from enterobacteriaceae family as characteristic for taxonomy]. | pyrazinamidase activity in 330 strains of bacteria from enterobacteriaceae family (14 genus, 27 species) has been assessed. pyrazinamidase activity detected in species from following genuses: citrobacter, escherichia, klebsiella, kluyvera, morganella, providencia, raourtella, salmonella, shigella, and also in proteus mirabilis, and nonpathogenic serovars of yersinia enterocolitica, y. frederiksenii. pirasinamidase was absent in serratia (s. marcescens, s. liguefaciens), hafnia alvei, p. vulgaris ... | 2006 | 17297889 |
| [overexpression of citrobacter braakii phytase with high specific activity in pichia pastoris]. | utilization of the phytase with high specific activity is an effective way to improve the fermentation potency of phytase in recombinant host and decrease the production cost. up to now, the phytase appa from citrobacter braakii exhibits the highest specific activity in the all phytases recorded previously. the gene appa encoding phytase was modified according to the bias in codon choice of the high expression gene in pichia pastoris without changing the amino acid sequence and artificially synt ... | 2006 | 17302159 |
| evaluation of phoenix automated microbiology system for detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. | we evaluated the bd phoenix extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) detection test among chromosomal ampc-producing enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens. the study was conducted on 72 non-repetitive esbl producers (33 e. cloacae, 13 e. aerogenes, 14 c. freundii, and 12 s. marcescens) and 77 esbl non-producers (33 e. cloacae, 9 e. aerogenes, 6 c. freundii, and 29 s. marcescens). the organisms were selected as suspected esbl-producers based on ... | 2007 | 17311873 |
| biomedical evaluation of two sympatric lemur species (propithecus verreauxi deckeni and eulemur fulvus rufus) in tsiombokibo classified forest, madagascar. | complete medical examinations were performed on 20 wild decken's sifaka (propithecus verreauxi deckeni) and 20 wild red-fronted brown lemurs (eulemurfulvus rufus) from western madagascar. each animal received a complete physical examination, and weight, body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate were recorded and ectoparasites collected. blood samples were collected for complete blood cell count, differential white blood cell count, hemoparasite examination, serum biochemical profile, fa ... | 2005 | 17312713 |
| citrobacter rodentium virulence in mice associates with bacterial load and the type iii effector nlee. | severe disease caused by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) has been associated with a pathogenicity island, o-island 122, which encodes the type iii secretion system-effector nlee. here we show that full virulence of the related attaching and effacing mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium requires nlee. relative to wild-type bacteria, nlee-mutant c. rodentium are attenuated for colonisation in mice in both single and mixed infections. examination of the ability of nlee-mutant bacteria ... | 2007 | 17317262 |
| resistance to gram-negative organisms due to high-level expression of plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamase blacmy-4 promoted by insertion sequence isecp1. | a klebsiella pneumoniae strain, ku6500, which showed resistance to extended-spectrum beta-lactams and produced the plasmid-encoded ampc beta-lactamase cmy-4, was identified from clinical isolates in japan. the aim of this study was to identify the mechanism of the high-level expression of blacmy-4. sequence analysis indicated that the promoter element of citrobacter freundii was conserved, but the insertion sequence isecp1 coding with the putative promoter element, was inserted into the ampr bin ... | 2007 | 17334724 |
| bactericidal activity of normal bovine serum (nbs) directed against some enterobacteriaceae with sialic acid-containing lipopolysaccharides (lps) as a component of cell wall. | the sensitivity of bacteria to the bactericidal activity of serum depends on the structure and organization of the bacterial outer membrane. sialic acid has been found in the o-specific region of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) and it plays an essential role in protecting gram-negative bacteria against the bactericidal activity of human and animal serum. the susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli with sialic acid-containing lps to the bactericidal action of normal bovine serum (nbs) was dete ... | 2006 | 17338268 |
| activity of faropenem against cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | there is a need for new oral agents active against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers, as these increasingly cause community-onset infections. we therefore evaluated faropenem, a penem in phase iii development, against recently collected oxyimino-cephalosporin-resistant bacteria. | 2007 | 17353220 |
| first detection of a vim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase in a carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical isolate in an acute hospital in germany. | we report the first detection of a carbapenem-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical strain in germany. it was isolated from an abscess of a patient with acute necrotic pancreatitis in an acute hospital. pcr and sequencing experiments revealed that the carbapenem resistance was mediated by a vim-1 metallo-beta-lactamase, located on a plasmid encoded class 1 integron. carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae is so far a rare event and 1 of the major therapeutic concerns in the future. | 2007 | 17366062 |
| functional studies of intimin in vivo and ex vivo: implications for host specificity and tissue tropism. | intimin is an outer-membrane adhesin that is essential for colonization of the host gastrointestinal tract by attaching and effacing pathogens including enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec), enterohaemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and citrobacter rodentium (cr). the n-terminus of intimin from the different strains is highly conserved while the c-terminus, which harnesses the active receptor-binding site, shows sequence and antigenic polymorphism. this diversity was used to define a number of disti ... | 2007 | 17379706 |
| dissemination and persistence of a plasmid-mediated tem-3-like beta-lactamase, tem-139, among enterobacteriaceae in bulgaria. | during a survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in bulgaria from 1996 to 2003, a tem-3-like esbl was detected in strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella oxytoca from three centres in three different towns. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned gene was identical to that of tem-3, except for one substitution (c347a) causing an amino acid exchange at position 49 from leucine to methionine. this tem-3 variant with both a unique nucleotide ... | 2007 | 17382521 |
| pathogens in early-onset and late-onset intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia. | to compare the type of pathogens isolated from patients with early-onset intensive care unit (icu)-acquired pneumonia with those isolated from patients with late-onset icu-acquired pneumonia and to study risk factors for the isolation of pathogens that are potentially resistant to multiple drugs. | 2007 | 17385143 |
| actinomyces meyeri osteomyelitis of the symphysis pubis following pubovaginal sling. | previous reports of pubic osteomyelitis associated with bone anchors describe symptoms presenting 10 days to 12 months postoperatively with typical pathogens including streptococcus, staphylococcus, citrobacter, and pseudomonas (fitzgerald et al., int urogynecol j 10:346-348, 1999 enzler et al., j bone jt surg am 81-a(12):1736-1740, 1999; graham and dmochowski, j urol 168:2055-2058, 2004; fialkow et al., urology 64(6):1127-1132, 2004; matkov et al., j urol 160(4):1427, 1998). this case illustrat ... | 2007 | 17404680 |
| microbiologic profile of flexible endoscope disinfection in two brazilian hospitals. | [corrected] endoscopes are routinely used in hospitals and clinics of the world and they can be potential sources of cross-infection when the decontamination process is unsuitable | 2006 | 17406750 |
| automatic mapping of viable microbial cells distributed in the surface layer of cotton fabrics. | viable microbial cells distributed in a 130 microim thick surface layer of cotton fabrics were stained with a fluorescent glucose, 2- [n- (7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino] -2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-nbdg), and automatically mapped with an ultra-deep focusing range microscope (udf) system. the software of the udf system was upgraded and the number of candida albicans cells could be counted at a higher precision than before. bacterial cells of pseudomonas fluorescens, serratia marcescens, and ... | 2007 | 17408006 |
| mutational analysis of nadh-binding residues in triphenylmethane reductase from citrobacter sp. strain kctc 18061p. | triphenylmethane reductase (tmr) catalyzes the nadh-dependent reduction of triphenylmethane dyes. sequence alignment revealed a region with a conserved gxxgxxg motif near its n-terminus, which corresponds to a conserved structural motif of known dinucleotide-binding proteins. to verify whether some of these glycine residues are important for the enzyme catalysis, these three glycine residues (gly-7, gly-10 and gly-13) were individually replaced by alanine using site-directed mutagenesis. the sec ... | 2007 | 17419765 |
| biochemical characterization of per-2 and genetic environment of blaper-2. | per-2 was the first detected and the second most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamase in clinical pathogens isolated in argentina and was also reported only in other south american countries. citrobacter freundii 33587 was isolated in 1999 in buenos aires and was resistant to all tested beta-lactams except cephamycins and carbapenems. the strain produced both plasmid-borne tem-1 and per-2 (pi 5.4), which could be transferred by conjugation. by pcr screening, thermal asymmetric interlaced p ... | 2007 | 17438050 |
| desmosomes are unaltered during infections by attaching and effacing pathogens. | the human attaching and effacing (a/e) intestinal pathogens enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec), and the murine a/e pathogen citrobacter rodentium cause serious diarrhea in their hosts. these bacteria alter numerous host cell components, including organelles, the host cell cytoskeleton, and tight junctions during the infectious process. one of the proteins that contribute to the intermediate filament network in host cells, cytokeratin-18, is extensively alt ... | 2007 | 17441212 |
| virulence is positively selected by transmission success between mammalian hosts. | virulence, defined as damage to the host, is a trait of pathogens that evolutionary theory suggests benefits the pathogen in the "struggle for existence". pathogens employ virulence mechanisms that contribute to disease. central to the evolution of virulence of the infectious agents causing an array of bacterial disease is the evolutionary acquisition of type iii secretion, a macromolecular complex that creates a syringe-like apparatus extending from the bacterial cytosol to the eukaryotic cytos ... | 2007 | 17442572 |
| rupture of infected peripancreatic necrosis to the peritoneal cavity with fatal outcome. | | 2007 | 17446850 |
| glycophorin a is recognized by an antibody population of the rabbit polyclonal antibodies produced against citrobacter braakii o37. | molecular mimicry was found in the case of citrobacter braakii o37, which shares epitopes with human erythrocytes. it is believed that erythrocyte-membrane proteins band 3 and glycophorin a (gpa) have common epitopes. band 3 was recognized by the anti-c. braakii o37 lipopolysaccharide antibodies (lps-abs) purified on lps-affinity columns. this study aimed to investigate the role of gpa in this molecular mimicry. | 2007 | 17446956 |
| surface charge influences enterococcal prevalence in mixed-species biofilms. | to study the influence of 15 microbial isolates on the prevalence of charge-heterogeneous and charge-homogeneous enterococcus faecalis strains, all isolated from biliary stents, in mixed-species biofilms. | 2007 | 17448160 |
| periodontal disease as reservoir for multi-resistant and hydrolytic enterobacterial species. | this investigation aimed to isolate enteric rods from subgingival sites of patients presenting chronic periodontitis lesions, and to assess antimicrobial resistance and expression of hydrolytic enzymes. | 2007 | 17451514 |
| [extended spectrum beta lactamases (esbl) production in acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from chilean hospitals belonging to viii region]. | the resistance of acinetobacter baumannii to ss-lactam antibiotics is mainly due to the synthesis of ss-lactamases. from a clinical point of view, this bacteria and others, grouped under the acronym space (s: serratia, p: pseudomonas, a: acinetobacter, c: citrobacter, e: enterobacter) are essentially amp-c ss-lactamases producers. there is no local information about esbl presence in acinetobacter. we studied esbl production using the ho and col. technique modified by adding cloxacillin as chromo ... | 2007 | 17453072 |
| prevalence of community-occurring extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae in brazil. | the occurrence of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing strains in the community was investigated in a private laboratory located in juiz de fora, brazil. all enterobacterial isolates analysed were collected from urine of human patients between the years 2000 and 2002. esbl production was confirmed by double disk screening, combination disk method, and etest esbl strip. the isoelectric point of each beta-lactamase was determined in the crude extracts from each isolate. detection of e ... | 2007 | 17457648 |
| evolution of bacterial arteritis into a mycotic aortic aneurysm. | arteritis and mycotic aneurysms have been well described for more than 100 years. the authors report a case of bacterial arteritis that presented with pneumatosis of the aortic wall and that evolved over 1 week into an infected abdominal aortic aneurysm. this case documents the rapid progression from arteritis to mycotic aneurysm, highlighting the need for close radiologic follow-up and aggressive medical and surgical management. | 2007 | 17463210 |
| analysis of the expression, regulation and export of nlea-e in escherichia coli o157 : h7. | previous work has shown that locus of enterocyte effacement (lee)-encoded effector proteins such as tir and map can be exported via the type iii secretion system (t3ss) of escherichia coli o157 : h7. additionally, a family of non-lee-encoded (nle) effector proteins has been shown to be secreted from citrobacter rodentium, homologues of which are located on the e. coli o157 chromosome. while nlea has been shown to be secreted from pathogenic e. coli, the secretion of other nle effector proteins h ... | 2007 | 17464049 |
| a rapid and efficient method for cloning genes of type ii restriction-modification systems by use of a killer plasmid. | we present a method for cloning restriction-modification (r-m) systems that is based on the use of a lethal plasmid (pkiller). the plasmid carries a functional gene for a restriction endonuclease having the same dna specificity as the r-m system of interest. the first step is the standard preparation of a representative, plasmid-borne genomic library. then this library is transformed with the killer plasmid. the only surviving bacteria are those which carry the gene specifying a protective dna m ... | 2007 | 17468281 |
| development of fatal colitis in fvb mice infected with citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium is the causative agent of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. the disease is characterized by severe but temporary epithelial hyperplasia with limited inflammation in the descending colon of adult mice on a variety of genetic backgrounds. the natural history of infection with this murine pathogen has been characterized in outbred swiss webster (sw) mice but not in the cognate inbred fvb strain. in contrast to subclinical infection in sw mice, 12-week-old fvb mice deve ... | 2007 | 17470543 |
| differentiation of enterobacter sakazakii from closely related enterobacter and citrobacter species using fatty acid profiles. | capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (gc-fid) was used to determine the cellular fatty acid (cfa) profiles of 134 enterobacter sakazakii strains, and these were compared to the cfa profiles of other closely related enterobacter and citrobacter species. for gc-fid analysis, whole cell fatty acid methyl esters (fames) from cells cultured on brain heart infusion (bhi) agar at 37 degrees c for 24 h were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction into hexane/methy ... | 2007 | 17472390 |
| microbial community structure of ethanol type fermentation in bio-hydrogen production. | three continuous stirred-tank reactors (cstrs) were used for h(2) production from molasses wastewater at influent ph of 6.0-6.5 (reactor a), 5.5-6.0 (reactor b), or 4.0-4.5 (reactor c). after operation for 28 days, the microbial community formed ethanol type (c), propionate type (a) and ethanol-butyrate-mixed type (b) fermentation. the h(2) production rate was the highest for ethanol type fermentation, 0.40 l (g vss)(-1) day(-1) or 0.45 l h(2) (g cod removed)(-1). microbial community dynamics an ... | 2007 | 17472628 |
| tir phosphorylation and nck/n-wasp recruitment by enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli during ex vivo colonization of human intestinal mucosa is different to cell culture models. | tir, the translocated intimin receptor of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec) and citrobacter rodentium, is translocated into the host cell by a filamentous type iii secretion system. epithelial cell culture has demonstrated that tir tyrosine phosphorylation is necessary for attaching effacing (a/e) lesion formation by epec and c. rodentium, but is not required by ehec o157:h7. recent in vivo work on c. rodentium has reported that tir translocation, but not i ... | 2007 | 17474908 |
| phenotypic and phylogenic groups to evaluate the diversity of citrobacter isolates from activated biomass of effluent treatment plants. | the diversity of citrobacter isolated from effluent treatment plants (etps) was studied using three different parameters. thirty citrobacter strains were isolated from different etps treating wastewaters generated at various industries. all the isolates were characterized based on biochemical tests, antibiotic assay/functional analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. results demonstrated that the pattern of grouping varied based on the selected criteria for analysis. species that clustered together ... | 2008 | 17475485 |
| microbial and clinical determinants of time-to-positivity in patients with bacteraemia. | time-to-positivity is useful in the diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia and as a predictor of an endovascular source in patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. however, this parameter has been evaluated for only a limited number of microorganisms. in the present study, time-to-positivity was recorded for 1872 episodes of significant monomicrobial bacteraemia diagnosed at a teaching hospital during a 2-year period, and the associated microbial and clinical variables were investigat ... | 2007 | 17484763 |
| citrobacter rodentium infection causes inos-independent intestinal epithelial dysfunction in mice. | attaching-effacing bacteria are major causes of infectious diarrhea in humans worldwide. citrobacter rodentium is an attaching-effacing enteric pathogen that causes transmissible murine colonic mucosal hyperplasia. we characterized colonic inflammation and ion transport at 3, 7, 10, 30, and 60 d after infection of c57bl/6 mice with c. rodentium. macroscopic damage score was significantly increased 7 and 10 d after infection. colonic wall thickness was increased at 7, 10, 30, and 60 d. myeloperox ... | 2006 | 17487239 |
| combined challenge of mice with citrobacter rodentium and ionizing radiation promotes bacterial translocation. | both enteric infection and exposure to ionizing radiation are associated with increased intestinal permeability. however, the combined effect of irradiation and enteric infection has not been described. we combined infection of mice with the enteric pathogen, citrobacter rodentium, with exposure to ionizing radiation and assessed the impact on colonic epithelial ion transport, permeability and bacterial translocation. | 2007 | 17487677 |
| clinical and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant citrobacter spp. infections in a french university hospital. | | 2007 | 17516102 |
| comparison of alad activities of citrobacter and pseudomonas strains and their usage as biomarker for pb contamination. | delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (alad) activity has been used in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as a biomarker for environmental lead (pb) exposure and toxicity. microorganisms are sensitive indicators of toxicity at the fundamental level of ecological organization, but bacterial biomarker studies are focused on the pseudomonas strains in group i and e coli. the objectives of the present work were to determine if burkholderia gladioli belonging to group ii, due to its 16srrna similarity, can be us ... | 2008 | 17516138 |
| [pathogenicity factors of opportunistic enterobacteria and its role in development of diarrhea]. | the data of pathogenicity factors of opportunistic enterobacteria, including klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, proteus, providencia and hafnia species are submitted. the genetic control and a role of pathogenicity factors of opportunistic enterobacteria in development of diarrhea syndrome are presented. data about adhesins, hemolysins, cytotoxic necrotizing factors and bacterial modulins are described. the characteristic of cytotonic and cytotoxic enterotoxins, including lt, st, shiga-like ... | 2007 | 17523440 |
| [genetic markers of pathogenicity of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria isolated from children with diarrheal diseases]. | in the process of examination of 89 children from different age groups with diarrheal disease caused by bacteria from enterobacteriaceae family 89 microorganisms were isolated including klebsiella spp. (37 isolates), citrobacter spp. (9 isolates), enterobacter spp. (17 isolates), hafnia alvei (1 isolate), morganella morganii (11 isolates), proteus spp. (14 isolates). presence of genes associated with pathogenicity islands (pais): hlya, hlyb (hemolysin), sfag (fimbria antigen type s), cnf1 (cytot ... | 2007 | 17523471 |
| efficacy of ertapenem in the treatment of early ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms in an intensive care unit. | ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) is a frequent complication of patients admitted to intensive care units (icus). ertapenem is a newer carbapenem with good in vitro activity against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing organisms. however, there are no clinical data to support the use of ertapenem in vap. our purpose is to evaluate the usefulness and safety of ertapenem in the treatment of vap caused by susceptible esbl strains. | 2007 | 17540673 |
| neutralizing and cross-reactive antibodies against enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide. | lipopolysaccharide (lps, endotoxin) elicits an immune reaction which is responsible for many of the harmful effects seen in septic shock patients. the eradication of bacteria by antibiotics is insufficient to resolve the pathology due to the lack of lps neutralization. lps-neutralizing antibodies have been described; however, these were specific for the serotype of the infecting bacteria and thus not useful for the treatment of septic shock patients. structural analyses revealed that the lps str ... | 2007 | 17544324 |
| in vitro activity of ceftaroline (ppi-0903m, t-91825) against bacteria with defined resistance mechanisms and phenotypes. | ceftaroline (ppi-0903m, t-91825) is a novel cephalosporin, administered as an n-phosphono prodrug. we investigated its in vitro activity and resistance selection potential. | 2007 | 17548456 |
| culture-positive sepsis in neonatal camelids: 21 cases. | there is limited literature on neonatal bacterial sepsis in new world (nw) camelids. | 2007 | 17552461 |
| quorum sensing has an unexpected role in virulence in the model pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | the bacterial mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium causes attaching and effacing (ae) lesions in the same manner as pathogenic escherichia coli, and is an important model for this mode of pathogenesis. quorum sensing (qs) involves chemical signalling by bacteria to regulate gene expression in response to cell density. e. coli has never been reported to have n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) qs, but it does utilize luxs-dependent signalling. we found production of ahl qs signalling molecules by an a ... | 2007 | 17557113 |
| nosocomial meningitis caused by enterobacteriaceae: risk factors and outcome in 18 cases in 1992-2007. | nosocomial neuroinfections due to enterobacteriaceae represented 9.5% in our cohort of 171 cases of paediatric meningitis within last 15 years. commonest etiologic agents was e. coli - 9 (50%) followed by klebsiella pneumoniae - 3 (16,7%) and enterobacter cloacae. citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and salmonella enteritidis (1 each). commonest risk factors were neonatal age 13 - (72.2%), very low birth weight 5 (27.8%), craniocerebral trauma - 4 (22.2%) and neurosurgery - 5 (27.8%). all bu ... | 2007 | 17558373 |
| multiplex pcr for detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in esbl-producing enterobacterial isolates. | to develop a rapid and reliable single-tube-based pcr technique for detecting simultaneously the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnra, qnrb and qnrs genes. | 2007 | 17561500 |
| in vivo selection for the directed evolution of l-rhamnulose aldolase from l-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (rhad). | dihydroxyacetone phosphate (dhap)-dependent aldolases have been widely used for organic synthesis. the major drawback of dhap-dependent aldolases is their strict donor substrate specificity toward dhap, which is expensive and unstable. here we report the development of an in vivo selection system for the directed evolution of the dhap-dependent aldolase, l-rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (rhad), to alter its donor substrate specificity from dhap to dihydroxyacetone (dha). we also report prelimin ... | 2007 | 17572092 |
| cefotaxime-resistant citrobacter freundii in isolates from blood in a tertiary teaching hospital in northern taiwan. | from january 2002 to december 2003, 12 patients in a tertiary teaching hospital in northern taiwan had bloodstream infections caused by citrobacter freundii. seven of the 12 isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. using polymerase chain reaction and dna sequencing, 3 of the 7 cefotaxime-resistant c. freundii isolates were found to carry extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl). ampc beta-lactamase genes were also detected in all strains of c. freundii. all strains of c. freundii with mics >or=4 mg ... | 2007 | 17572502 |
| tlr signaling mediated by myd88 is required for a protective innate immune response by neutrophils to citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli, and citrobacter rodentium are classified as attaching and effacing pathogens based on their ability to adhere to intestinal epithelium via actin-filled membranous protrusions (pedestals). infection of mice with c. rodentium causes breach of the colonic epithelial barrier, a vigorous th1 inflammatory response, and colitis. ultimately, an adaptive immune response leads to clearance of the bacteria. whereas much is known about the adapti ... | 2007 | 17579078 |
| bacterial pathogens recovered from vegetables irrigated by wastewater in morocco. | the authors obtained 50 vegetable samples from various regions in morocco and examined them to determine the microbiological quality of these products. aerobic count, coliform, enterococci, and staphylococcus aureus were evaluated. this analysis revealed high levels of enterococci, fecal coliforms, and total coliforms. no coagulase-positive staphylococcus aureus was detected in any of the samples analyzed. biochemical identification of enterobacteriaceae showed the presence of citrobacter freund ... | 2007 | 17583296 |
| prevalence, microbiology, and clinical characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and morganella morganii in korea. | we examined the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing clinical isolates among enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and morganella morganii, and evaluated screening criteria, clinical characteristics and outcomes of infections caused by esbl-producing organisms. between january and june 2005, a total of 493 nonduplicate consecutive isolates were collected at asan medical center, a 2,300-bed tertiary hospital in seoul, republic ... | 2007 | 17587073 |
| marine algae: screening for a potent antibacterial agent. | this study was done to investigate the antimicrobial potentiality of the marine algae collected from different coastal regions of gujarat and screened for the same. twenty-six marine algae belonging to rhodophyceae, chlorophyceae and phaeophyceae were screened for their potential antibacterial activity against five clinically important bacterial strains, namely bacillus cereus, micrococcus flavus, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas testosterone. acetone and methanol were ... | 2007 | 17594989 |
| good pregnancy outcome with emergent cerclage placed in the presence of intra-amniotic microbial invasion. | cervical insufficiency with dilation can be associated with amniotic fluid microbial invasion. cerclage placement in the presence of infection is contraindicated because it is associated with poor fetal and maternal outcome. a 30-year-old gravida 4 para 0 with cervical insufficiency had emergent cervical suture placement at 19 weeks. the patient underwent amniocentesis to screen for infection. after the screen for infection using amniotic fluid glucose and white blood cells had indicated negativ ... | 2007 | 17597442 |
| antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacilli from yaounde central hospital, cameroon. | antimicrobial resistance among bacteria pathogens is a world-wide issue. the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of common pathogenic bacteria are essential to guide empirical and pathogen-specific therapy; unfortunately, these data are scarse in cameroon. | 2006 | 17604512 |