| ama sumani: avoidable death of a deportee. | | 2008 | 18479273 |
| john martin wood (1938-2008)--pioneering biochemist, educator and communicator. | john martin wood, emeritus professor of medical biochemistry at the university of bradford died in wieck by greifswald, germany after a short illness on february 5, 2008 - just short of his 70(th) year. john worked as a pioneering biochemist and educator in the us and in britain across two research careers. he devoted the first twenty-five years to the role of transition metals in biology, and his last twenty-years to cutaneous enzymology and melanogenesis. working together with his wife profess ... | 2008 | 18479437 |
| 'i count myself as being in a different world': african gay and bisexual men living with hiv in london. an exploratory study. | the experiences of men from african backgrounds living with hiv who are gay/bisexual have so far been overlooked in the research on hiv in the uk. little is known about the ways that hiv impacts on this population. we report on an exploratory qualitative study with 8 gay/bisexual men from 7 different african countries living with hiv in london, based on in depth semi structured interviews and a thematic analysis. hiv testing and diagnosis, disclosure to others, social and sexual networks, sexual ... | 2008 | 18484332 |
| cardiovascular go annotation initiative year 1 report: why cardiovascular go? | gene ontology (go) vocabularies are an established standard for linking functional information to genes and gene products (www.geneontology.org/). a recent collaboration between university college london and the european bioinformatics institute is providing go annotation to human cardiovascular-associated genes (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/medicine/cardiovascular-genetics/geneontology.html). this report outlines the aims of this collaboration and summarizes how the cardiovascular community can help im ... | 2008 | 18491309 |
| influenza vaccination in adults with a long-term condition. | influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in certain high-risk groups and the elderly. however, uptake rates of influenza vaccination by people in high-risk groups have been low. the aim of this study was to explore knowledge and views about the influenza vaccination in adults under 65 years with a long-term condition, in order to identify influences on people's decisions to be immunised and thereby improve uptake rates of the vaccination. recommendation from a hea ... | 2008 | 18497225 |
| human papillomavirus vaccine: some issues around consent remain unresolved. | | 2008 | 18497380 |
| incidence and causes of critical incidents in emergency departments: a comparison and root cause analysis. | to investigate the incidence of critical incidents in uk emergency departments (eds) and to compare the root causes of such incidents between different eds. | 2008 | 18499816 |
| low birth weight and allergy: possible pleiotropic effect of acp1. | the well-known relationship between low birth weight and allergies prompted us to investigate a possible pleiotropic effect of acp1 on these conditions. acp1 is a polymorphic enzyme that affects signal transduction of insulin and other growth factors, t-cell receptor signaling, and the regulation of flavoenzyme activity. our aim was to compare the relationship between acp1 and allergy with the relationship between acp1 and birth weight. we studied 299 subjects from the caucasian population of en ... | 2008 | 18505045 |
| lack of serologic evidence of neospora caninum in humans, england. | retrospective testing of 3,232 serum samples from the general population and 518 serum samples from a high-risk group showed no evidence of human exposure to neospora caninum in england. results were obtained by using immunofluorescence antibody testing and elisa to analyze frequency distribution. | 2008 | 18507920 |
| fit to thrive: the public health vision under threat? | | 2008 | 18513763 |
| failure to improve appropriateness of referrals to adult community mental health services--lessons from a multi-site cluster randomized controlled trial. | non-clinical factors impact on decisions about whether to refer a patient from primary care to specialist mental health services. the aim of this study was to investigate whether introducing a standardized assessment of severity improves agreement on referrals. | 2008 | 18515810 |
| [archie cochrane--the man behind evidence-based medicine. he died four years before the concept was coined]. | | 2008 | 18522269 |
| destined for deprivation: human capital formation and intergenerational poverty in nineteenth-century england. | | 2001 | 18524044 |
| getting away with murder? homicide and the coroners in nineteenth-century london. | | 2001 | 18524047 |
| john robert stanley fincham: 11 august 1926 - 9 february 2005. | professor john fincham was one of the uk's leading geneticists, with a remarkably broad knowledge of the subject across the biological kingdoms. he became an international leader through being at the forefront of microbial genetics as some of the founding principles of the relationships between gene structure, activity and enzyme functions were being uncovered. he spearheaded discoveries from the one gene-one enzyme concept, through genetic complementation, protein structure and recombination. m ... | 2006 | 18543471 |
| a novel scheme for graft allocation in non-heart beating donor renal transplantation. | patients waiting more than 3 years for a renal transplant were ranked according to our novel bristol and region allocation by non-heart beating donor score (brands). one kidney from 40 non-heart beating donors was allocated to the highest brands long-waiter and the other kidney allocated according to the uk national allocation scheme (nas). the scheme reduced the number of patients waiting more than 3 years by 20%. despite longer dialysis time, greater sensitization and more human leukocyte anti ... | 2008 | 18551076 |
| sex determination from the foramen magnum: discriminant function analysis in an eighteenth and nineteenth century british sample. | the successful identification of the deceased is vital to the progress of any forensic investigation. one of the principal biological traits to be established from skeletal remains is the sex of the individual. this becomes more difficult if only parts of a skeleton are found or if the bones are compromised by physical insults such as fire, explosions or violence. the basal region of the occipital bone is covered by a large volume of soft tissue and is therefore in a relatively well-protected an ... | 2009 | 18553095 |
| association of adult height and leg length with fasting plasma cortisol concentrations: evidence for an effect of normal variation in adrenocortical activity on growth. | we have evaluated the relationship between activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis and adult height in adults recruited from the uk hertfordshire cohort study. in a sample of 1,354 individuals, we found that height fell by 0.67 cm (95% ci 0.34-1.0) per sd (114 nmol/l) increase in fasting plasma cortisol concentrations. the association was continuous across the range of cortisol concentrations and was independent of the levels of corticosteroid binding globulin. it was of simila ... | 2008 | 18561142 |
| joseph swan (1791-1874): pioneer of research on peripheral nerves. | joseph swan was born in 1791 and appointed surgeon to lincoln county hospital in 1814. in addition to his clinical work, he carried out what were probably the first animal experiments on nerve injuries. these were mostly on rabbits, in which the sciatic nerves were partly or wholly divided, had a section excised, or were ligated. he found that regeneration could occur, even after neurectomy. he reported these results, together with his experience in human patients and the effects of neurectomy i ... | 2008 | 18562353 |
| bioavailability of trace metals in brownfield soils in an urban area in the uk. | thirty-two brownfield sites from the city of wolverhampton were selected from those with a former industrial use, wasteland or areas adjacent to industrial processes. samples (<2 mm powdered soil fraction) were analysed, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (icp-aes) for 20 elements. loss on ignition and ph were also determined. a five-step chemical sequential extraction technique was carried out. single leach extraction with 0.12 m hydrochloric acid of pb, cu and zn in ... | 2008 | 18563590 |
| the english seasonal flu immunization programme for poultry workers 2007: a challenging task. | english primary care trusts (pcts) immunized the poultry worker population with the seasonal influenza vaccine in the 2007 winter season. | 2008 | 18567571 |
| timing of human mandibular third molar formation. | population differences in tooth formation using radiographs can be determined if the entire developmental sequence of a single tooth is studied. the only developing tooth visible radiographically from initiation to root completion is the third molar or wisdom tooth. | 2008 | 18568594 |
| the urban house mouse (mus domesticus) as a reservoir of infection for the human parasite toxoplasma gondii: an unrecognised public health issue? | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting almost all warm-blooded animals. the cat is the definitive host and becomes infected by consuming contaminated meat or infected prey. humans can act as intermediate hosts and in healthy individuals the infection is mild and self-limiting. in pregnant women it can cause spontaneous abortions and foetal abnormalities and is capable of inducing serious illness in immuno-compromised patients. in infested dwellings, mice could act as inte ... | 2008 | 18569146 |
| tracking the spatial diffusion of influenza and norovirus using telehealth data: a spatiotemporal analysis of syndromic data. | telehealth systems have a large potential for informing public health authorities in an early stage of outbreaks of communicable disease. influenza and norovirus are common viruses that cause significant respiratory and gastrointestinal disease worldwide. data about these viruses are not routinely mapped for surveillance purposes in the uk, so the spatial diffusion of national outbreaks and epidemics is not known as such incidents occur. we aim to describe the geographical origin and diffusion o ... | 2008 | 18582364 |
| molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni populations in dairy cattle, wildlife, and the environment in a farmland area. | we describe a cross-sectional study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in a dairy farmland environment, with the aim of elucidating the dynamics of horizontal transmission of c. jejuni genotypes among sources in the area. a collection of 327 c. jejuni isolates from cattle, wildlife, and environmental sources in a 100-km(2) area of farmland in northwest england was characterized by multilocus sequence typing. a total of 91 sequence types and 18 clonal complexes were identified. ... | 2008 | 18586964 |
| evaluating the role of lpin1 variation in insulin resistance, body weight, and human lipodystrophy in u.k. populations. | loss of lipin 1 activity causes lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in the fld mouse, and lpin1 expression and common genetic variation were recently suggested to influence adiposity and insulin sensitivity in humans. we aimed to conduct a comprehensive association study to clarify the influence of common lpin1 variation on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in u.k. populations and to examine the role of lpin1 mutations in insulin resistance syndromes. | 2008 | 18591397 |
| did smallpox reduce height? a final comment. | | 2001 | 18604895 |
| the mineralized osteocyte: a living fossil. | we report here on an enigmatic and biologically mysterious event in which a single cell, the osteocyte, mineralizes in vivo and in this process the cell's organelles, cytoskeleton and membrane, are mineralized in a dying state. that the bony lacuna in which the lone osteocyte resides becomes infilled with mineral in vivo is not a new observation and was noted by early microscopists. this study has applied scanning and transmission electron microscopy to modern, archaeological, and fossil bone to ... | 2008 | 18615594 |
| regional uk ttp registry: correlation with laboratory adamts 13 analysis and clinical features. | thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) is an acute, rare, life-threatening disorder. this report presents the south east (se) england registry for ttp, from april 2002 to december 2006, which included 176 patients and 236 acute episodes; 75% of patients were female and 25% were male, overall median age at presentation was 42 years. mortality was 8.5%, most cases died before treatment was instigated. the main ethnic groups were caucasian (64%) and afro caribbean (27%). seventy-seven percent of ... | 2008 | 18637802 |
| "reader, i detained him under the mental health act": a literary response to professor fennell's best interests and treatment for mental disorder. | this is a response to professor fennell's paper on the recent influence and impact of the best interests test on the treatment of patients detained under the mental health act 1983 (mha) for mental disorder. i discuss two points of general ethical significance raised by professor fennell. firstly, i consider his argument on the breadth of the best interests test, incorporating as it does factors considerably wider than those of medical justifications and the risk of harm. secondly, i discuss his ... | 2008 | 18642086 |
| estimating the impact of childhood influenza vaccination programmes in england and wales. | there is increasing interest in routine vaccination of children against influenza. we use an age-structured model to demonstrate that the long-term incidence of influenza a could decrease by 11-21% in the overall population by vaccinating individuals aged 6 to <24 months, and by 22-38% and 65-97% through targeting those aged 6 to <60 months and 6 months to 16 years, respectively. the corresponding reductions predicted for influenza b were 25-35%, 44-69% and 85-96%, respectively. these results ar ... | 2008 | 18647634 |
| china: the man who unveiled china. | | 2008 | 18650901 |
| suicidal ideation in uk hiv clinic attenders. | hiv has been associated with elevated suicidal ideation. although new treatments have changed prognosis, they also bring new challenges. this study measured suicidal ideation in hiv clinic attenders in the united kingdom (london/southeast) and explored associated factors. | 2008 | 18670226 |
| investigating tuberculosis trends in england. | to investigate the factors associated with the increasing incidence of tuberculosis in england. | 2008 | 18672258 |
| remembering john newsom-davis' contribution to human imaging in oxford. | john newsom-davis played a crucial role in supporting areas of scientific exploration beyond his own research interests. in particular, he was one of the key players in establishing human neuroimaging in oxford. here, we celebrate the role that he played in this endeavour, both in the early days of pulling together funding, and solving practical challenges, and in the following years, when we all appreciated his ongoing encouragement and support. | 2008 | 18675466 |
| best interests and treatment for mental disorder. | this paper considers the role of the concept of best interests in the treatment of mental disorder. it considers the mental capacity act 2005 where treatment of an incapacitated person's mental disorder is authorized if treatment is in the patient's own best interests. it also examines the mental health act 1983 as amended by the mental health act 2007 where treatment without consent of a detained patient is allowed where necessary for the patient's health or safety or for the protection of othe ... | 2008 | 18677569 |
| the seroepidemiology of htlv-i amongst genitourinary medicine (gum) attendees in south east london. | | 2008 | 18692433 |
| mhc-correlated odour preferences in humans and the use of oral contraceptives. | previous studies in animals and humans show that genes in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) influence individual odours and that females often prefer odour of mhc-dissimilar males, perhaps to increase offspring heterozygosity or reduce inbreeding. women using oral hormonal contraceptives have been reported to have the opposite preference, raising the possibility that oral contraceptives alter female preference towards mhc similarity, with possible fertility costs. here we test directly ... | 2008 | 18700206 |
| age of onset and death in inherited prion disease are heritable. | the common polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (prnp) is known to affect prion disease susceptibility, incubation period and phenotype. mouse quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies demonstrate multiple modifiers of incubation time unlinked to prnp, suggesting the existence of homologous human prion disease modifiers, but direct evidence of these has been lacking. we investigated the correlation of age at onset and death, expressed as a composite z score, between parents and offsp ... | 2009 | 18729123 |
| treatment of altered body composition in hiv-associated lipodystrophy: comparison of rosiglitazone, pravastatin, and recombinant human growth hormone. | treatment options for hiv-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (hals) remain limited. the objective of this randomized open-label study was to compare three emerging therapies, rosiglitazone, pravastatin, and growth hormone alone and together, in men and women with hals. | 2008 | 18753120 |
| preparing for disaster: response matrices in the usa and uk. | disasters, whether man-made or naturally occurring, require complex responses across multiple government agencies and private sector elements, including the media. these factors mandate that, for effective disaster management and because of the unpredictability of such events, response structures must be in place in advance, ready to be activated on short notice, with lines of responsibility clearly delineated and mechanisms for coordination of efforts already established. disaster response expe ... | 2008 | 18756376 |
| phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic modification of p102l inherited prion disease in an international series. | the largest kindred with inherited prion disease p102l, historically gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome, originates from central england, with émigrés now resident in various parts of the english-speaking world. we have collected data from 84 patients in the large uk kindred and numerous small unrelated pedigrees to investigate phenotypic heterogeneity and modifying factors. this collection represents by far the largest series of p102l patients so far reported. microsatellite and genealogic ... | 2008 | 18757886 |
| gender, space and modernity in eighteenth-century england: a place called sex. | | 2001 | 18770907 |
| health and human rights in sandwell and abroad. | | 2008 | 18771189 |
| securing health and human rights: sandwell's community health network. | minority communities face discrimination and abuse. the main health problems they face are those of severe and early chronic disease and poor well-being due to inequality in jobs, education and access to health care. the sandwell community health network provides support workers to six major minority groups in sandwell, providing information and access to skilled health services. without securing health as a basic right for our minorities we perpetuate divisions in our society which cause mistru ... | 2008 | 18771200 |
| children, young people and poverty in sandwell. | the un convention on the rights of the child applies to all children around the world. here in sandwell hearing the voice of children and young people has been instrumental in developing appropriate services for them. | 2008 | 18771201 |
| state institutions and social identity: national representation in soldiers' and civilians' interview talk concerning military service. | theory and research deriving from social identity or self-categorization perspectives often starts out with the presumption that social actors necessarily view societal objects such as nations or states as human categories. however, recent work suggests that this may be only one of a number of forms that societal representation may take. for example, nations may be understood variously as peoples, places, or institutions. this paper presents findings from a qualitative interview study conducted ... | 2009 | 18793493 |
| pathology departments are still holding human tissue, report says. | | 2008 | 18799524 |
| memory t cells established by seasonal human influenza a infection cross-react with avian influenza a (h5n1) in healthy individuals. | the threat of avian influenza a (h5n1) infection in humans remains a global health concern. current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins but are ineffective against strains that have undergone significant antigenic variation. an alternative approach is to stimulate pre-existing memory t cells established by seasonal human influenza a infection that could cross-react with h5n1 by targeting highly conserved internal proteins. to determine how common cro ... | 2008 | 18802496 |
| common variation in the wnk1 gene and blood pressure in childhood: the avon longitudinal study of parents and children. | wnk1 gene variants have been associated with adult blood pressure. we aimed to investigate relationships between wnk1 variants and blood pressure, as well as blood pressure change with age, in a longitudinal childhood study. associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in wnk1 and blood pressure and the rate of blood pressure change between 7 and 11 years were examined in the avon longitudinal study of parent and children study (n=5326 for systolic blood pressure at 11 years). we observe ... | 2008 | 18809789 |
| a national risk assessment for intersex in fish arising from steroid estrogens. | the occurrence of intersex fish is widespread in the rivers of england and wales. the extent of intersex in fish populations is believed to be strongly linked to their exposure to steroid estrogens. the present study presents, to our knowledge, the first national, catchment-based risk assessment for steroid estrogens in the world. a graphical information system-based model predicted the concentrations of estradiol (e2), estrone, and ethinylestradiol, which were combined and compared with known b ... | 2009 | 18817457 |
| tracing the source of campylobacteriosis. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis in the developed world. it is thought to infect 2-3 million people a year in the us alone, at a cost to the economy in excess of us $4 billion. c. jejuni is a widespread zoonotic pathogen that is carried by animals farmed for meat and poultry. a connection with contaminated food is recognized, but c. jejuni is also commonly found in wild animals and water sources. phylogenetic studies have suggested that genotypes pathogenic ... | 2008 | 18818764 |
| legacies of garrod's brilliance. one hundred years--and counting. | one hundred years ago--in 1908--archibald garrod delivered his four croonian lectures. in these formerly forgotten, but now famous, dissertations, garrod first used the expression, 'inborn errors of metabolism', to describe four rare disorders: albinism, alkaptonuria, cystinuria, and pentosuria. this prescient work proposed that such disorders resulted from enzymatic defects in the catabolic pathways for amino acids and sugars. thus, garrod can rightfully be called the first human geneticist. mu ... | 2008 | 18836847 |
| associations between infectious mononucleosis and cancer: record-linkage studies. | infection with epstein-barr virus (ebv) followed by infectious mononucleosis (im) is now considered to be a risk factor for hodgkin's disease (hd). it is less clear whether ebv infection and im are associated with an increased risk of cancer generally. we used a longstanding record-linkage dataset in oxford (years 1963-1998), and a more recent record-linkage dataset covering england (1999-2005), to compare rate ratios for cancer between people admitted to hospital for im and a reference cohort. ... | 2009 | 18840316 |
| packed with salmonella--investigation of an international outbreak of salmonella senftenberg infection linked to contamination of prepacked basil in 2007. | salmonella senftenberg is uncommon in the united kingdom. in january-june 2007, the health protection agency reported on 55 primary human cases of salmonella senftenberg in england and wales. in may 2007, fresh basil sold in the united kingdom was found to be contaminated with salmonella senftenberg. we launched an investigation to elucidate the cause of this outbreak. isolates were examined using plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the outbreak strain (ssftxb.0014) was i ... | 2008 | 18851676 |
| hexabromocyclododecanes and tetrabromobisphenol-a in indoor air and dust in birmingham, u.k: implications for human exposure. | hexabromocyclododecanes (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hbcds) and tetrabromobisphenol-a (tbbp-a) were determined in indoor air from homes (n=33; median concentrations sigma hbcds = 180 pg m(-3); tbbp-a = 15 pg m(-3)), offices (n=25; 170; 11), public microenvironments (n=4; 900; 27) and outdoor air (n=5; 37; 1). hbcds and tbbp-a were also determined in dust from homes (n=45; median concentrations sigma hbcds = 1300 ng g(-1); tbbp-a = 62 ng g(-1)), offices (n=28; 760; 36), cars (n=20; 13,000; 2), and p ... | 2008 | 18853800 |
| sex determination from the occipital condyle: discriminant function analysis in an eighteenth and nineteenth century british sample. | fragmentary human remains compromised by different types of inhumation, or physical insults such as explosions, fires, and mutilations may frustrate the use of traditional morphognostic sex determination methods. the basicranium is protected by a large soft tissue mass comprising muscle, tendon, and ligaments. as such, the occipital region may prove useful for sex identification in cases of significantly fragmented remains. the aims of this paper are to (1) evaluate sexual dimorphism in british ... | 2009 | 18924165 |
| "is he no man?" toward an appreciation of male effeminacy in english dance history. | | 2001 | 18928009 |
| john donne and the ideology of colonization. | | 2001 | 18942234 |
| public knowledge and attitudes towards human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccination. | human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine has undergone successful trials and has recently been approved for use for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. the aim of this study was to determine knowledge and attitudes towards hpv vaccination. | 2008 | 18947430 |
| [historical note: in homage to lister]. | joseph lister, who disputes with klebs the third place as the father of microbiology, was just about to remain without a bacteria immortalizing his ñame. thanks to seeliger, now listeria is used for identifying the genus that pirie had already named listerella in 1927. through a quick review of the history of listeria monocytogenes, we get to know the principal facts in the lives of pirie and seeliger, investigators with absolutely different characters. we also review a brief history of the life ... | 2008 | 18949146 |
| earthworms and in vitro physiologically-based extraction tests: complementary tools for a holistic approach towards understanding risk at arsenic-contaminated sites. | the relationship of the total arsenic content of a soil and its bioaccumulation by earthworms (lumbricus rubellus and dendrodrilus rubidus) to the arsenic fraction bioaccessible to humans, measured using an in vitro physiologically-based extraction test (pbet), was investigated. soil and earthworm samples were collected at 24 sites at the former arsenic mine at the devon great consols (dgc) in southwest england (uk), along with an uncontaminated site in nottingham, uk, for comparison. analysis o ... | 2009 | 18958400 |
| identification of potential environmentally adapted campylobacter jejuni strain, united kingdom. | in a study of campylobacter infection in northwestern england, 2003-2006, c. jejuni multilocus sequence type (st)-45 was associated with early summer onset and was the most prevalent c. jejuni type in surface waters. st-45 is likely more adapted to survival outside a host, making it a key driver of transmission between livestock, environmental, and human settings. | 2008 | 18976567 |
| detection of cryptosporidium spp. from human faeces by pcr-rflp, cloning and sequencing. | in this study, we compared and validated a nested abc polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay to amplify cryptosporidium parvum oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene fragment with a previous nested pcr-rflp method. when rflp of cowp gene did not provide clear results, we further analysed samples by cloning and sequencing for species and genotype identification. abc-pcr was performed on dna extracted from human faecal samples collected in england where crypto ... | 2009 | 18979120 |
| the polish version of the quality of life assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults (qol-aghda) - four-stage translation and validation. | the quality of life assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults (qol-aghda) was developed simultaneously in five languages (english, swedish, german, italian and spanish) to measure quality of life (qol) in adult patients with growth hormone (gh) deficiency. the aim of the project was to produce a validated polish version of the qol-aghda that was conceptually equivalent to the uk-english version. | 2008 | 18979446 |
| from oxford to hawaii ecophysiological barriers limit human progression in ten sport monuments. | in order to understand the determinants and trends of human performance evolution, we analyzed ten outdoor events among the oldest and most popular in sports history. best performances of the oxford-cambridge boat race (since 1836), the channel crossing in swimming (1875), the hour cycling record (1893), the elfstedentocht speed skating race (1909), the cross country ski vasaloppet (1922), the speed ski record (1930), the streif down-hill in kitzbühel (1947), the eastward and westward sailing tr ... | 2008 | 18985149 |
| prime contenders for public building award. | a new community hospital in lymington with what the judges describe as a "human scale that feels approachable, accessible and part of the local community", and a brighton seafront children's hospital with an imaginative external ship-shaped design, both pfi schemes, are among the shortlisted construction projects in the 2008 prime minister's better public building award competition. health estate journal reports. | 2008 | 18988609 |
| demographic determinants for campylobacter infection in england and wales: implications for future epidemiological studies. | despite a significant public health burden the epidemiology of human campylobacter infection remains blurred. the identification of demographic determinants for campylobacter infection is therefore essential for identifying potential areas for intervention. demographic data from an active, population-based sentinel surveillance system for campylobacter infection (from 2000 until 2003, n=15 907) were compared with appropriate denominator data from the 2001 united kingdom census. incidence was hig ... | 2008 | 19000328 |
| using urban man-made ponds to reconstruct a 150-year history of air pollution in northwest england. | a regional pollution history has been reconstructed for the borough of halton (northwest england) from four urban ponds in north cheshire and south merseyside, using environmental analyses of lake sediment stratigraphies. mineral magnetism, geochemistry and radiometric dating have produced profiles of pollution characteristics dating from the mid-nineteenth century to present day. these pollution profiles reflect the atmospheric deposition of a range of pollutants over 150 years of intensified i ... | 2009 | 19005766 |
| accumulation of elements (s, as, br, sr, cd, hg, pb) in two populations of cancer pagurus: ecological implications to human consumption. | the brown crab cancer pagurus is highly appreciated in southern european countries and edible tissues are consumed separately or as mixtures. this species is mostly harvested along the scottish coast and english channel and has different market prices depending on the catching area and sex. the aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the contents of s, as, br, sr, cd, hg and pb in muscle, hepatopancreas, gonads and gills of female and male crabs from both catching areas. additionally, ... | 2009 | 19010376 |
| personal protective equipment in an influenza pandemic: a uk simulation exercise. | there is limited experience of both operational and financial impacts that adoption of uk pandemic influenza infection control guidance will have on the use of personal protective equipment (ppe), patients and staff. we attempted to assess these issues from a live exercise in a hospital in north-west england. during this 24h exercise, all staff on an acute general medical ward wore ppe and adopted the procedures described in the uk pandemic influenza infection control guidance. teams of infectio ... | 2009 | 19013670 |
| quality of child-parent attachment moderates the impact of antenatal stress on child fearfulness. | animal studies have shown that prenatal stress has persisting effects on several aspects of offspring development; more recent studies show that this effect may be eliminated by positive postnatal rearing. human studies of prenatal anxiety/stress are now also beginning to document links between antenatal stress/anxiety and behavioural and cognitive development of the child; however, there is no human evidence as to whether the early caregiving environment moderates the effect of antenatal anxiet ... | 2008 | 19017025 |
| association between il6 gene variants -174g>c and -572g>c and serum il-6 levels: interactions with social position in the whitehall ii cohort. | to examine the impact of -174g>c and -572g>c variants in the promoter region of the il6 gene, and their interactions with social position, on interleukin-6 (il-6) levels in the whitehall ii cohort. | 2009 | 19019369 |
| setting up an enhanced surveillance of newly acquired hepatitis c infection in men who have sex with men: a pilot in london and south east region of england. | preliminary findings suggest ongoing hcv transmission among msm infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and that enhanced surveillance for newly acquired hcv in msm is feasible. | 2008 | 19021960 |
| temporal relationship between influenza infections and subsequent first-ever stroke incidence. | | 2009 | 19029068 |
| the inventor of the divided airway. | | 2008 | 19032273 |
| genetic variation in stromal proteins decorin and lumican with breast cancer: investigations in two case-control studies. | the stroma is the supportive framework of biologic tissue in the breast, consisting of various proteins such as the proteoglycans, decorin and lumican. altered expression of decorin and lumican is associated with breast tumors. we hypothesized that genetic variation in the decorin (dcn) and lumican (lum) genes may contribute to breast cancer. | 2008 | 19036156 |
| a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in the pericentriolar material 1 gene is strongly associated with schizophrenia. | markers at the pericentriolar material 1 gene (pcm1) have shown genetic association with schizophrenia in both a university college london (ucl) and a usa-based case-control sample. in this paper we report a statistically significant replication of the pcm1 association in a large scottish case-control sample from aberdeen. resequencing of the genomic dna from research volunteers who had inherited haplotypes associated with schizophrenia showed a threonine to isoleucine missense mutation in exon ... | 2010 | 19048012 |
| community hiv testing for men who have sex with men: results of a pilot project and comparison of service users with those testing in genitourinary medicine clinics. | results of a community hiv testing pilot (fastest) targeting men who have sex with men (msm) in brighton are reported and service users are compared with those testing in genitourinary medicine (gum) clinics. fastest offers rapid hiv testing in a weekly evening drop-in session staffed by gum professionals in a community organisation. it was prospectively evaluated from november 2004 to march 2006 using a self-completed paper questionnaire assessing demographics, previous use of gum, hiv testing ... | 2009 | 19060035 |
| correlates of parents' reports of acceptability of human papilloma virus vaccination for their school-aged children. | routine human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccination for 12-13-year-old girls will be introduced in the uk from september 2008. the aim of the present study was to identify correlates of parents' anticipated uptake of hpv vaccination for their sons and daughters. | 2008 | 19061552 |
| analysis of germline gli1 variation implicates hedgehog signalling in the regulation of intestinal inflammatory pathways. | ulcerative colitis (uc) and crohn's disease (cd) are polygenic chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd) of high prevalence that are associated with considerable morbidity. the hedgehog (hh) signalling pathway, which includes the transcription factor glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (gli1), plays vital roles in gastrointestinal tract development, homeostasis, and malignancy. we identified a germline variation in gli1 (within the ibd2 linkage region, 12q13) in patients with ibd. since this ib ... | 2008 | 19071955 |
| variation in the dysbindin gene and normal cognitive function in three independent population samples. | the association between dtnbp1 genotype and cognitive abilities was investigated in three population samples (1054 scottish, 1806 australian and 745 english) of varying age. there was evidence in each of the cohorts for association (p < 0.05) to single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and haplotypes previously shown to relate to cognition. by comparison with previous findings, these associations included measures of memory, and there was at best equivocal evidence of association with general cogn ... | 2009 | 19077176 |
| a forensic str profiling system for the eurasian badger: a framework for developing profiling systems for wildlife species. | developing short tandem repeat (str) profiling systems for forensic identification is complicated in animal species. obtaining a representative number of individuals from populations, limited access to family groups and a lack of developed str markers can make adhering to human forensic guidelines difficult. furthermore, a lack of animal specific guidelines may explain why many wildlife forensic str profiling systems developed to date have not appropriately addressed areas such as marker validat ... | 2008 | 19083789 |
| animal eggs for stem cell research: a path not worth taking. | in january 2008, the human fertilisation and embryology authority (hfea) (london, uk) issued two 1-year licenses for cytoplasmic hybrid embryo research. this article situates the hfea's decision in its wider scientific and political context in which, until quite recently, the debate about human embryonic stem cell research has focused narrowly on the moral status of the developing human embryo. next, ethical arguments against crossing species boundaries with humans are canvassed. finally, a new ... | 2008 | 19085470 |
| influenza vaccination coverage in england, 2000-2008. | | 2008 | 19094912 |
| improving male life expectancy in birmingham. | on average, a man in birmingham can expect to live 2 years less than men in the rest of england. taken together, diseases of the circulatory system are responsible for the majority of deaths. this paper lays out the challenge faced and the interventions used to close that gap, with a particular focus on a large-scale cardiovascular disease screening programme. data from general practitioners' registers were used to target men over 40 years of age to be invited to special screening clinics to ass ... | 2009 | 19100999 |
| interaction between pon1 and population density in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | paraoxonase polymorphisms have been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). paraoxonases are detoxifying enzymes involved in the metabolism of organophosphates. we tested the hypothesis that genetic variation within paraoxonase genes would interact with the environmental exposure to paraoxonase substrates. we used population density in the location of residence of als patients as a surrogate marker for environmental exposure. paraoxonase genotypes at previously associated single nuc ... | 2009 | 19104460 |
| arsenic stability and mobilization in soil at an amenity grassland overlying chemical waste (st. helens, uk). | a 6.6 ha grassland, established on a former chemical waste site adjacent to a residential area, contains arsenic (as) in surface soil at concentrations 200 times higher than uk soil guideline values. the site is not recognized as statutory contaminated land, partly on the assumption that mobility of the metalloid presents a negligible threat to human health, groundwater and ecological receptors. evidence for this is evaluated, based on studies of the effect of organic (green waste compost) and i ... | 2009 | 19118933 |
| lack of association between aspirin responsiveness and seven candidate gene haplotypes in patients with symptomatic vascular disease. | we studied the effect of prophylactic aspirin (asa) ingestion on platelet function in 463 patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack (tia) or acute coronary disease (acd), using the platelet function analyzer-100 (pfa-100). we correlated asa responsiveness with haplotypes of seven candidate genes, selected for their documented role in platelet function, namely, the genes for integrins alpha2beta1and alphaiibbeta3 (itga2, itga2b, and itgb3), platelet glycoproteins ibalpha and vi (gpiba and g ... | 2009 | 19132198 |
| estimating the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster in england and wales. | a live-attenuated vaccine against herpes zoster (hz) has been approved for use, on the basis of a large-scale clinical trial that suggests that the vaccine is safe and efficacious. this study uses a markov cohort model to estimate whether routine vaccination of the elderly (60+) would be cost-effective, when compared with other uses of health care resources. vaccine efficacy parameters are estimated by fitting a model to clinical trial data. estimates of qaly losses due to acute hz and post-herp ... | 2009 | 19135492 |
| infections detected in english surgical bone and deceased donors (2001-2006) and estimated risk of undetected hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus. | infections can be transmitted through donated tissue products, such as femoral heads. here we describe infections detected through microbiological testing of english surgical bone and deceased donors (2001-2006) and estimate the residual risk of infection. | 2008 | 19138256 |
| the effect of sex on risk of mortality during the black death in london, a.d. 1349-1350. | the black death of 1347-1351 was one of the most devastating epidemics in human history, and though it is frequently assumed that the epidemic killed indiscriminately, recent research suggests that the disease was selective, at least with respect to frailty. the purpose of this study is to determine whether the black death was similarly selective with respect to biological sex-that is, did either sex face an elevated risk during the epidemic or were men and women at equal risk of dying? a sample ... | 2009 | 19140182 |
| guidelines and the adoption of 'lipid rescue' therapy for local anaesthetic toxicity. | gathering evidence from animal experiments, an editorial in this journal and published human case reports culminated in the association of anaesthetists of great britain and ireland recommending in august 2007 that lipid emulsion be immediately available to all patients given potentially cardiotoxic doses of local anaesthetic drugs. this development offered an opportunity to track the adoption of an innovation by anaesthetists in the uk and to gauge the effects of guidelines. two surveys, each o ... | 2009 | 19143686 |
| human resuscitation in the 17th century: an interesting case report. | | 2009 | 19147206 |
| meta association of colorectal cancer confirms risk alleles at 8q24 and 18q21. | genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer (crc) have identified genetic variants that reproducibly associate with crc. associations of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 8q24, 9p24, and 18q21 (smad7) and crc were investigated in a three-center collaborative study including two u.k. case-control cohorts (sheffield and leeds) and a u.s. case-control study of crc cases from high-risk utah pedigrees. | 2009 | 19155440 |
| fine- and regional-scale genetic structure of the exotic ascidian styela clava (tunicata) in southwest england, 50 years after its introduction. | styela clava, an ascidian native to the northwest pacific, was first recorded in the atlantic at plymouth, southwest england, in 1953. it now ranges in the northeast atlantic from portugal to northern denmark, and has colonized the east coast of north america. within the region of first introduction, we aimed to characterize current genetic diversity in the species, elucidate the respective roles of human-aided vs. natural dispersal, and assess the extent of larval dispersal by looking for genet ... | 2009 | 19161467 |
| long-term cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2000 to 2003. | to improve understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis, over 8,000 cryptosporidium isolates were submitted for typing to the species level over a four year period. the majority were either cryptosporidium parvum (45.9%) or cryptosporidium hominis (49.2%). dual infection occurred in 40 (0.5%) cases and six other known cryptosporidium species or genotypes were found in 67 (0.9%) cases. these were cryptosporidium meleagridis, cryptosporidium felis, cryptosporidium can ... | 2009 | 19161717 |
| plastic surgery and burns disasters. what impact do major civilian disasters have upon medicine? bradford city football club stadium fire, 1985, king's cross underground fire, 1987, piper alpha offshore oil rig disaster, 1988. | major disasters involving multiple casualties are neither new nor infrequent. such events have important implications for medicine and can provide crucial lessons for the future. however, while the medical aspects of war have received considerable attention, rather less is known about civilian disasters. to redress this imbalance, this article reviews three major british disasters of the 1980s where serious burns injury was a significant feature of the human casualty: the bradford city football ... | 2009 | 19181578 |
| research involving biological material from forensic autopsies: legal and ethical issues. | recommendations and laws do not always contain specific and clear provisions on the use of cadaveric material in research, and even more rarely do they address explicitly the ethical issues related to research on material obtained during forensic autopsy. in this article we analyse existing legal frameworks in europe by comparing the legal provisions in 2 european countries which are member states of the council of europe, the uk and switzerland. they were chosen because they have distinct legal ... | 2009 | 19188745 |
| hiv prevention for people with serious mental illness: a survey of mental health workers' attitudes, knowledge and practice. | the aim of this survey was to investigate the attitudes, knowledge and reported practice (capabilities) of mental health workers concerning human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted diseases in people with serious mental illness. | 2009 | 19192006 |