| a pilot study of seroprevalence of influenza virus type a in vellore, south india. | influenza virus type a is active in many regions of the world. however, information from many parts of india is sparse. hence we carried out a serological study on the prevalence of antibodies to influenza virus type a in vellore, south india. | 2002 | 12362555 |
| effect of oral application of an immunomodulating plant extract on influenza virus type a infection in mice. | the influence of the oral administration of an aqueous-ethanolic extract of a mixture of thujae occidentalis herba, baptisiae tinctoriae radix, echinaceae purpureae radix and echinaceae pallidae radix, on the course of influenza a virus infection in balb/c mice was investigated. the extract was administered to mice via the drinking water for 14 days starting 6 days before intranasal infection with influenza a virus. the progress of infection was recorded during a time range of 21 days. parameter ... | 2002 | 12391552 |
| unravelling the mysteries of influenza. | | 2002 | 12480355 |
| induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human macrophages by influenza a (h5n1) viruses: a mechanism for the unusual severity of human disease? | in 1997, the first documented instance of human respiratory disease and death associated with a purely avian h5n1 influenza virus resulted in an overall case-fatality rate of 33%. the biological basis for the severity of human h5n1 disease has remained unclear. we tested the hypothesis that virus-induced cytokine dysregulation has a role. | 2002 | 12480361 |
| differential effect of nucleotide substitutions in the 3' arm of the influenza a virus vrna promoter on transcription/replication by avian and human polymerase complexes is related to the nature of pb2 amino acid 627. | using a genetic system that allows the in vivo reconstitution of active ribonucleoproteins, the ability to ensure transcription/replication of a viral-like reporter rna harboring the g(3) --> a(3), u(5) --> c(5), and c(8) --> u(8) mutations (triple 3-5-8 mutations) in the 3' arm of the promoter was examined with core proteins from human or avian strains of influenza a viruses. the efficiency of transcription/replication of the viral-like rna with the triple 3-5-8 mutations in cos-1 cells was fou ... | 2002 | 12490387 |
| [effectiveness of oseltamivir treatment against influenza type a and type b infection in children]. | we investigated the effectiveness of oseltamivir treatment against influenza virus infection in children. we treated 131 patients (mean age, 5.8 +/- 3.6 years) with oseltamivir (4 mg/kg/day for 5 days) during the 2001-2002 epidemic. all of the patients had been diagnosed with influenza using a rapid diagnosis kit. when treatment was initiated within 48 hours of the onset of fever, 44% of the patients became afebrile (< 37.5 degrees c) within one day, and 86% of them recovered within two days. th ... | 2002 | 12508478 |
| detection of human influenza virus in yucatan, mexico. | influenza virus is the most common cause of acute respiratory infections (ari) world wide. in patients with chronic condition, infection by the influenza virus can cause complications such as pneumonia which may have fatal outcome. the aim of this work was to determine the frequency of human influenza virus in outpatients with influenza-like illness (ili) and in those patients admitted to hospital with community acquired pneumonia (cap) in yucatan, mexico (october 1998-july 1999). | 2002 | 12587415 |
| isolation and characterisation of segment 1 of the infectious salmon anaemia virus genome. | the isolation and characterisation of the largest genomic segment of infectious salmon anaemia virus (isav) is reported. following identification of isav-specific clones from a cdna library, a rapid amplification of cdna ends-pcr strategy was designed to obtain the sequence of the full length mrna transcript. the full length open reading frame (orf) of this gene was shown to be 2169 nucleotides in length, encoding a putative protein of 722 aa. this sequence was demonstrated by rt-pcr to be speci ... | 2003 | 12606081 |
| [antiviral and anti-stress activity of the gamma-l-glutamyl-histamine and its derivatives]. | effect of gamma-l-glutamylhistamine gamma-l-glu-ha and some of its derivatives on the state of nonspecific resistance and antiviral activity was studied using experimental models of influenza virus and herpes simplex virus infections. activities of natural killer (nk) cells and interferon (ifn) system were measured. the model of physical-emotional stress in mice was used. it was shown that the gamma-l-glu-ha derivative ii can prevent totally or substantially a decrease in the nk activity. this a ... | 2003 | 12608061 |
| detection of type and subtypes of influenza virus by hybrid formation of fret probe with amplified target dna and melting temperature analysis. | fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes were selected for three sets of reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), each in duplex format to detect: (1). influenza virus type a or b; (2). neuraminidase subtypes n1 or n2; and (3). hemagglutinin subtypes h1 or h3 using lightcycler instrument. a pair of probes targeted a type or subtype specific rt-pcr amplified gene segment. the presence of a target in a set of amplification reaction was detected by increased fluorescence over ... | 2003 | 12609682 |
| multiple amino acid residues confer temperature sensitivity to human influenza virus vaccine strains (flumist) derived from cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60. | flumist influenza a vaccine strains contain the pb1, pb2, pa, np, m, and ns gene segments of ca a/aa/6/60, the master donor virus-a strain. these gene segments impart the characteristic cold-adapted (ca), attenuated (att), and temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotypes to the vaccine strains. a plasmid-based reverse genetics system was used to create a series of recombinant hybrids between the isogenic non-ts wt a/ann arbor/6/60 and mdv-a strains to characterize the genetic basis of the ts phenotype, ... | 2003 | 12620793 |
| antiviral lanostanoid triterpenes from the fungus ganoderma pfeifferi. | ganodermadiol, lucidadiol and applanoxidic acid g were isolated as first triterpenes from the european basidiomycete ganoderma pfeifferi. the compounds show antiviral activity against influenza virus type a and hsv type 1. | 2003 | 12628419 |
| detection rates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus type 2, and swine influenza virus in porcine proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia. | a retrospective study on pig lung tissues from 60 cases of proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia (pnp) was performed to determine the presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), swine influenza virus (siv), and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in these lesions. cases selected included 30 cases diagnosed between 1988 and 1992 and 30 cases diagnosed between 1997 and 2001. in each group of 30 cases, 10 were from suckling piglets, whereas the other 20 were from postwea ... | 2003 | 12637753 |
| mutations in the n-terminal region of influenza virus pb2 protein affect virus rna replication but not transcription. | pb2 mutants of influenza virus were prepared by altering conserved positions in the n-terminal region of the protein that aligned with the amino acids of the eif4e protein, involved in cap recognition. these mutant genes were used to reconstitute in vivo viral ribonucleoproteins (rnps) whose biological activity was determined by (i) assay of viral rna, crna, and mrna accumulation in vivo, (ii) cap-dependent transcription in vitro, and (iii) cap snatching with purified recombinant rnps. the resul ... | 2003 | 12692212 |
| [tissue tropism and virulence of rna viruses]. | | 2003 | 12696162 |
| optimized detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions. | nasopharyngeal secretions (nps) from 121 (110 pediatric) patients with acute respiratory infections were examined for respiratory virus detection by: i) conventional virus isolation in cell cultures (cc) using hep-2, llc-mk2, and mdck cells; ii) rapid virus isolation using shell vial cultures (svc) of a mixture (mix) of mink lung epithelial cells (mv1lu) and human lung carcinoma (a549) cells in comparison to llc-mk2 and mdck cells; iii) direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) assay on nps cells. a poo ... | 2003 | 12737194 |
| chlamydia species as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia in canada. | chlamydia pneumoniae has been implicated as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in several studies. however, there has been no comprehensive study of the role of chlamydia species (c. pneumoniae, c. psittaci (avian and feline strains) and c. pecorum) as a cause of cap. the aim of the present study was to determine the role of c. pneumoniae, c. psittaci and c. pecorum as causes of cap. a prospective cohort observational study of cap was conducted at 15 teaching centres in eight canadian ... | 2003 | 12765420 |
| broad spectrum anti-rna virus activities of titanium and vanadium substituted polyoxotungstates. | seven polyoxotungstates substituted with vanadium or titanium atoms were examined for their activity against flaviviridae (dengue fever virus, dfv), orthomyxoviridae (influenza virus type a, fluv-a), paramyxoviridae (respiratory syncytial virus, rsv, parainfluenza virus type 2, pfluv-2 and canine distemper virus, cdv) and lentiviridae (human immunodeficiency virus type 1, hiv-1) families. among the seven polyoxotungstates examined, pm-43 [k(5)[sivw(11)o(40)]], pm-47 [k(7)[bvw(11)o(40)]], and pm- ... | 2003 | 12767474 |
| oseltamivir: new preparation. an antiviral agent with little impact on influenza. | (1) oseltamivir, an oral antiviral agent, has been marketed in the european union for the prevention and treatment of suspected influenza during epidemics. (2) three prevention trials done in the general population showed moderate effects, with a 3.5-4% reduction (in absolute values) in serologically confirmed episodes of 'flu. according to one trial, oseltamivir was moderately effective as a prophylactic for close contacts of 'flu cases (6.6% in absolute values). (3) there are three placebo-con ... | 2003 | 12825569 |
| production and characterization of a human recombinant monoclonal fab fragment specific for influenza a viruses. | a human recombinant monoclonal fab fragment that specifically recognizes all the influenza a virus strains tested was produced in transformed escherichia coli using the phage display technique. no strain of influenza b virus reacted with it. it was purified after four cycles of panning and by a single passage through an immunoaffinity column. about 1 mg of pure monoclonal antibody was obtained from 1 liter of culture medium in 3 working days. the fab fragment reacted with a viral 27-kda protein, ... | 2003 | 12853404 |
| inhibition of influenza virus rna (pb2 mrna) expression by a modified dna enzyme. | dna enzymes are rna-cleaving single stranded dna molecules. the structure and the catalytic domain of a dna enzyme were determined by santro et al. in 1997. in this study, we have designed several types of dna enzymes (pb2dz) targeted to the pb2 mrna translation initiation region of influenza a virus, and examined their cleavage kinetics, nuclease resistance, and a luciferase gene reporter assay. using a synthetic substrate, these dna enzymes were shown to have cleavage activity that is dependen ... | 2000 | 12903381 |
| [a case of pyomyositis following influenza virus infection]. | a 45-year-old man visited the first hospital complained of high fever on january 2003. he was diagnosed as having influenza virus type a infection and prescribed of oseltamivir. he was afebrile next day, but severe myalgia of neck, shoulder, lumbar region and right femoral region was appeared. his illness was considered as polymyalgia rheumatica and started of oral steroid therapy. his symptom was deteriorated and transferred to our hospital. echography, ga scintigraphy, computed tomography and ... | 2003 | 12931577 |
| encephalitis or encephalopathy during an influenza-a epidemic. | six female patients with encephalitis, mean age 36.5 (17-60) years, were admitted to the hospital during the 2000-2001 influenza a (h1n1) epidemic in the osijek--baranja county. in three (50.0%) patients, the manifestation of encephalitis occurred on day 4 or 5, and in two (33.3%) patients within 24-48 hours of the onset of influenza symptoms. the disease manifestations included headache, elevated body temperature, generalized fatigue, and consciousness disturbance through coma. three (50.0%) pa ... | 2003 | 12955887 |
| [study on the incidence of antibodies to influenza virus type a in medical students]. | | 1958 | 13637400 |
| does the influenza virus type a/asia/57 have haemagglutinating antigens in common with other known influenza-a types? | | 1961 | 13711442 |
| kinetics of influenza virus fusion with the endosomal and plasma membranes of cultured cells. effect of temperature. | we performed a detailed kinetic analysis of influenza virus fusion with the endosomal and plasma membranes of madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells and provided a comparison of the kinetic parameters obtained for both cases at 20 degrees c and 37 degrees c. using our mass action kinetic model, we determined that the fusion rate constant, f, for influenza virus with the endosomal membrane was 0.02 s(-1) at 37 degrees c and 0.0035 s(-1) at 20 degrees c. the analysis of the fusion kinetics of infl ... | 2003 | 14502422 |
| [influenza in global aspect]. | due to a high ability to change, the influenza virus is still a danger for humans. the outbreak of the next influenza pandemic is very probable. the disturbing events that occurred in hong kong in 1997 and in the beginning of 2003 confirmed such a possibility. every year in poland influenza causes from several hundred thousands to several millions of cases of infections. all over the world the annual number of influenza cases amounts to approximately 100 millions and from 0.5 million to 1 millio ... | 2003 | 14524265 |
| isolation and characterization of a low-pathogenicity h7n7 influenza virus from a turkey in a small mixed free-range poultry flock in germany. | a hemagglutinating virus was isolated from a dead turkey in a small mixed free-range flock in southern germany. it was identified as influenza virus type a of subtype h7n7. the pathogenicity was low. an intravenous pathogenicity index of 0.03 was recorded, and the nucleotide sequencing revealed the amino acid sequence nvpeipkgr*glfg at the cleavage site of the hemagglutinin. antibodies as well as virus were detected in the affected flock. further virus spreading to other flocks was prevented by ... | 2003 | 14575121 |
| [current approaches to the clinical virologic diagnosis of viral respiratory tract infections]. | respiratory viruses (respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus type a and b, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus) can cause a wide variety of human disease. viral respiratory diseases in adults and children cause significant morbidity and mortality. proper and rapid diagnosis of these etiological agents is necessary for the appropriate use of effective antiviral drugs and to decrease unnecessary antibiotic therapy. many virology laboratories detect respiratory viruses by inoculating convention ... | 2003 | 14593903 |
| evaluation of in vitro antiviral activity in methanol extracts against in fl uenza virus type a from korean medicinal plants. | methanol extracts from 101 korean medicinal plants were tested for inhibitory activity against influenza virus type a by means of a modified haemagglutination inhibition (hi) test. mm-57, mm-72, mm-104 and mm-110, four of 101 extracts tested exhibited strong anti-influenza virus type a activity at concentration ranges of 0.78-6.25 mg/ml, 0.78-3.13 mg/ml, 0.78-1.56 mg/ml and 0.0975-0.39 mg/ml, respectively. the extracts mm-57, mm-72 and mm-110 showed very strong anti-influenza virus type a activi ... | 2003 | 14595587 |
| influenza. | influenza a(h3n2) viruses are predominating and causing most outbreaks in north america (canada and united states) and in some european countries (finland, norway, portugal, spain and the united kingdom). a rising trend in influenza a(h3n2) activity has been observed. the only outbreak due to influenza a(h1) virus was reported in iceland but has declined since week 45. | 2003 | 14669457 |
| 3d structure of the influenza virus polymerase complex: localization of subunit domains. | the 3d structure of the influenza virus polymerase complex was determined by electron microscopy and image processing of recombinant ribonucleoproteins (rnps). the rnps were generated by in vivo amplification using cdnas of the three polymerase subunits, the nucleoprotein, and a model virus-associated rna containing 248 nt. the polymerase structure obtained is very compact, with no apparent boundaries among subunits. the position of specific regions of the pb1, pb2, and pa subunits was determine ... | 2004 | 14691253 |
| differential expression of sialylglycoconjugates and sialidase activity in distinct morphological stages of fonsecaea pedrosoi. | the expression of sialoglycoconjugates in fonsecaea pedrosoi conidia, mycelia, and sclerotic cells was analyzed using influenza a and c virus strains, sialidase treatment, and lectin binding. conidium and mycelium whole cells were recognized by limax flavus (lfa), maackia amurensis (maa), and sambucus nigra (sna) lectins, denoting the presence of surface sialoglycoconjugates containing alpha 2,3- and alpha 2,6-sialylgalactosyl sequences. sialidase-treated conidia reacted more intensively with pe ... | 2004 | 14767636 |
| the influence of acth on the course of experimental influenza virus type a infections. | | 1950 | 14795034 |
| adrenocorticotrophic hormone (acth) in the treatment of experimental air-borne influenza virus type a infection in the ferret. | | 1951 | 14824691 |
| transmission of h7n7 avian influenza a virus to human beings during a large outbreak in commercial poultry farms in the netherlands. | an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza a virus subtype h7n7 started at the end of february, 2003, in commercial poultry farms in the netherlands. although the risk of transmission of these viruses to humans was initially thought to be low, an outbreak investigation was launched to assess the extent of transmission of influenza a virus subtype h7n7 from chickens to humans. | 2004 | 14987882 |
| [evaluation of influenza vaccine vaxigrip in the combined immunization of conscripts during influenza seasons of 2002-2003]. | the immunization properties of the influenza vaccine vaxigrip, used in combination with vaccines against pneunococcal infection and hepatitis a (respectively, pneumo 23 and avaxim), were evaluated. in central russia in one of the units of the internal forces of the rf ministry of internal affairs 3 groups totaling 755 servicemen were formed, depending on the complex of the introduced vaccines. active medical observation and the registration of the complaints of the vaccinees at the postvaccinal ... | 2004 | 15024982 |
| synthesis, characterization and antiviral activity against influenza virus of a series of novel manganese-substituted rare earth borotungstates heteropolyoxometalates. | a series of novel manganese-substituted mixed-valence rare earth borotungsto-heteropoly blues, ln2h3[bw9(vi)w2(v)mn(h2o)o39] x 12h2o (ln(2), ln = la, ce, pr, nd, sm, eu and gd), as well as their corresponding heteropoly acids (ln(0)), have been prepared and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (cv), infrared (ir), ultraviolet (uv), thermal gravimetric (tg) and differential thermal (dta) analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps) and electrochemistry. it's shown that the heteropoly blues ani ... | 2004 | 15026204 |
| functional domains of the influenza a virus pb2 protein: identification of np- and pb1-binding sites. | influenza virus genomic rna segments are packaged into ribonucleoprotein (rnp) structures by the pb1, pb2, and pa subunits of an rna polymerase and a single-strand rna-binding nucleoprotein (np). assembly and function of these ribonucleoproteins depend on a complex set of protein-protein and protein-rna interactions. here, we identify new functional domains of pb2. we show that pb2 contains two regions that bind np and also identify a novel pb1 binding site. the regions of pb2 responsible for bi ... | 2004 | 15033571 |
| use of oseltamivir to control influenza complications after bone marrow transplantation. | influenza infection can be severe in bone marrow transplant (bmt) recipients. although yearly epidemics occur worldwide, and a higher risk of complication is expected in these patients, few studies have addressed the impact of the new neuraminidase inhibitors in the prognosis of influenza after bmt. influenza a or b infections were found in 39 of the 66 patients (59%) showing a positive nasal wash by dfa. influenza a was diagnosed in 18 patients and influenza b in 23 patients; two patients were ... | 2004 | 15094755 |
| antiviral flavonoids from the seeds of aesculus chinensis. | a bioassay-guided fractionation of an ethanol extract of the seeds of aesculus chinensis led to the isolation of two new flavanoids (1 and 2), along with eight known ones (3-10). the structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 2d nmr. all compounds were tested for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv 3), and influenza virus type a (flu a). compounds 1, 2, and 6 showed significant antiviral activities ... | 2004 | 15104496 |
| evaluation of a multiplex reverse transcriptase pcr elisa for the detection of nine respiratory tract pathogens. | a multiplex reverse transcription (rt) polymerase chain reaction combined with a microwell hybridization assay (m-rt-pcr-elisa) was previously developed to detect nine different microorganisms: enterovirus (ev), influenza virus type a (iva) and type b (ivb), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenzavirus type 1 (piv1) and type 3 (piv3), adenovirus (av), mycoplasma pneumoniae (mpn), chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) in a single test. these organisms do not usually colonize the respiratory tract o ... | 2004 | 15125873 |
| inhibitory effect of medicinal herbs against rna and dna viruses. | fifteen argentine medicinal plants were tested for their antiviral activity in vitro against herpes simplex viruses types 1 and 2 (hsv-1 and 2), bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (bvdv-1), influenza virus type a (inf a) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). antiviral activity was evaluated by a reduction in cytopathic effect, plaque-forming units and p24 hiv-1 antigen. the selective index of the active extract (si(extract) = cc50(extract)/ec50(extract)) of coronopus didymus (si(extr ... | 2004 | 15266897 |
| [influenza in heterothermic animals]. | the objective was to study orthomyxovirus in heterothermic animals. blood samples from snakes (genus bothrops and crotalus) and from toads and frogs (genus bufo and rana) were collected to evaluate the red cell receptors and antibodies specific to influenza virus by the hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition tests, respectively. both snakes and toads kept in captivity presented receptors in their red cells and antibodies specific to either influenza virus type a (human and equine origi ... | 2004 | 15330057 |
| the effect of human influenza virus (type a) on the incidence of lung tumors in mice. | | 1950 | 15420709 |
| the effect of monochromatic ultraviolet radiation on the infectivity and hemagglutinating ability of the influenza virus type a strain pr-8. | | 1950 | 15436418 |
| [screening for antibodies against zoonotic agents among employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria]. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of antibodies against zoonotic agents in employees of the zoological garden of vienna, schönbrunn, austria. sixty out of 120 employees participated in the study. in 97% of them antibodies to at least one zoonotic agent were identified. only two participants were free of antibodies to the zoonotic agents tested. the following seroprevalences (in brackets) were obtained: viral zoonotic (and potentially zoonotic) agents: influenzavirus a/h1n1 ... | 2004 | 15495931 |
| predominant contribution of ifn-beta expression to apoptosis induction in human uterine cervical fibroblast cells by influenza-virus infection. | we have been investigating an apoptosis induction in human fetal membrane cells by influenza virus (iv) infection and the contribution of apoptosis induction to the viral infection-defense response between a fetus and the maternal body. for studying any role of uterine cells in the anti-viral response, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the apoptotic induction in human uterine cervical fibroblast cell line (hcf) by iv infection. iv type a and b infection induced dna fragmentation in hcf. ... | 2004 | 15516717 |
| [present data on influenza virus isolated from ducks and chickens, and influenza virus c. anti-influenza drugs]. | present data on influenza virus isolated from ducks and chickens, and influenza virus c. anti-influenza drugs. within the broad field of glycopathology and glycotherapeutics, research on influenza virus types a, b and c from humans and several bird species (particularly migratory birds such as ducks, since they are reservoirs for viruses), as well as the search for improved drugs designed for the prevention or treatment of epidemics/pandemics produced by most of those viruses are issues of relev ... | 2004 | 15563121 |
| thogoto virus ml protein suppresses irf3 function. | the thogoto virus (thov) is a member of the family orthomyxoviridae. it prevents induction of alpha/beta interferons (ifn) in cell culture and in vivo via the action of the viral ml protein. phenotypically, the effect of thov ml resembles that of the ns1 protein of influenza a virus (fluav) in that it blocks the expression of ifn genes. ifn expression depends on ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf3). upon activation, irf3 forms homodimers and accumulates in the nucleus where it binds the transcriptiona ... | 2005 | 15582653 |
| high permissivity of human hepg2 hepatoma cells for influenza viruses. | human hepg2 hepatoma cells are highly permissive for influenza virus type a and type b, even without the addition of trypsin, and they exhibit a marked cytopathic effect. this property greatly facilitates the primary isolation of influenza viruses. virus replication was significantly reduced by the plasmin(ogen)-specific inhibitor tranexamic acid, and this suggests a potential role played by the plasminogen/tissue plasminogen activator complex at the surface of hepg2 cells. this might represent ... | 2004 | 15583326 |
| the association between life events, social support, and antibody status following thymus-dependent and thymus-independent vaccinations in healthy young adults. | this study determined whether stressful life events and social support were related to antibody status following both thymus-dependent and thymus-independent vaccinations. life events in the previous year and customary social support were measured in 57 healthy students at baseline. antibody status was also assessed at baseline and at five weeks and five months following vaccination with the trivalent influenza vaccine and the meningococcal a+c polysaccharide vaccine. taking into account baselin ... | 2004 | 15944072 |
| changing circulation rate of human metapneumovirus strains and types among hospitalized pediatric patients during three consecutive winter-spring seasons. brief report. | from 2001 through 2004, 808 pediatric patients admitted to hospital because of acute respiratory infections were examined for presence of respiratory viruses by either direct fluorescent staining using monoclonal antibodies or rt-pcr during three consecutive winter-spring seasons. on the whole, 336 (42%) patients were detected as positive for one or more respiratory viruses. the most widely circulating virus was human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infecting 50% of positive patients, followe ... | 2005 | 15986171 |
| a case-control study of acute respiratory tract infection in general practice patients in the netherlands. | acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are responsible for considerable morbidity in the community, but little is known about the presence of respiratory pathogens in asymptomatic individuals. we hypothesized that asymptomatic persons could have a subclinical infection and thus act as a source of transmission. | 2005 | 16028157 |
| acute encephalopathy associated with influenza virus infection in a patient with hyperprolinaemia type ii. | we report a 4-year-old boy with hyperprolinaemia type ii presenting acute encephalopathy associated with influenza virus type a infection. this case suggests that hyperprolinaemia may cause acute encephalopathy under certain conditions. | 2005 | 16151911 |
| [identification of antiviral activity of toddalia asiatica against influenza type a virus]. | to identify antiviral activity of toddalia asiatica against influenza virus type a in vitro. | 2005 | 16161428 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of novel bisheterocycle-containing compounds as potential anti-influenza virus agents. | a series of novel 4,2-bisheterocycle tandem derivatives consisting of a methyloxazole and thiazole subunit were synthesized. many compounds were found to inhibit human influenza a virus. several analogues exhibited moderate biological activity and could serve as leads for further optimizations for antivirus research. | 2005 | 16183283 |
| antiviral activities of some ethiopian medicinal plants used for the treatment of dermatological disorders. | acokanthera schimperi (apocynaceae), euclea schimperi (ebenaceae), inula confertiflora (asteraceae), melilotus elegans (leguminosae), and plumbago zeylanica (plumbaginaceae), are some of the medicinal plants used in ethiopia for treatment of various skin disorders. in this study, the antiviral activities of the 80% methanolic extracts of these plants have been examined against coxsackievirus b3 (cvb3), influenza a virus and herpes simplex virus type1 kupka (hsv-1) using cytopathic effect (cpe) i ... | 2006 | 16233967 |
| [comparison of four rapid diagnostic kits using immunochromatography to detect influenza b viruses]. | we compared the usefulness of 4 rapid influenza diagnostic 1-device kits using immunochromatography, which facilitate type differentiation, i.e. espline influenza a&b-n (fujirebio corp., japan: espline), poctem influenza a/b (sysmex corp., japan: poctem), quick vue rapid sp influ (quidel corp., u.s.a.: quick vue), and capilia flu a + b (tauns corp., japan: capilia), in 278 children in whom influenza infection was suspected in 2004 and 2005. nasopharyngeal aspirates were diluted for virus isolati ... | 2005 | 16296326 |
| [a case of influenza a community-acquired pneumonia in an elderly subject hospitalised in intensive care unit]. | influenza pneumonia and influenza-associated severe exacerbation of pre-existing heart and lung disease are responsible for major complications that may require intensive care unit admission. here, we report the case of a diabetic 70 year-old man hospitalised in the intensive care unit (icu) of the university medical center of reims (france) for a severe bilateral and alveolar pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation. this patient had received a classical antibiotic treatment by amoxycillin (3 ... | 2005 | 16330385 |
| [cloning of full-length genes of h5n1 subtype avian influenza virus strain a/duck/shandong/093/2004 and analysis of the sequences]. | the eight full-length genes, including the 5' and 3' ends of h5n1 subtype avian influenza virus (a/duck/ shandong/093/2004) were amplified by using the universal primers and h5 specific primers. the method used for the amplification of avian influenza virus's full-length sequence was more easily and rapidly than that of rapid amplification of cdna ends assay (race). the amplified segments were cloned into the t vector pcr 2.1, respectively. three to five positive clones of each gene were sequenc ... | 2005 | 16342757 |
| commercial immunoassay kits for the detection of influenza virus type a: evaluation of their use with poultry. | five antigen capture immunoassay test kits, directigen flu a (becton dickinson), quickvue influenza test kit (quidel), flu oia (thermobiostar), zstat flu (zymetx, inc.) and now flu a test (binax) were used to detect avian influenza virus (aiv) in clinical specimens as per manufacturers' protocols. each kit was shown to be specific for aiv propagated in embryonating chicken eggs (ece); other respiratory viruses of poultry tested gave negative results. the directigen flu a kit proved to be 10-fold ... | 2005 | 16404986 |
| cytokine regulation in sars coronavirus infection compared to other respiratory virus infections. | the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is poorly understood and cytokine dysregulation has been suggested as one relevant mechanism to be explored. we compared the cytokine profile in caco2 cells after infection of sars coronavirus (sars-cov) with other respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza a virus (fluav), and human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hpiv2). interferon (ifn) system (production and response) was not suppressed by sars-cov infec ... | 2006 | 16482545 |
| antiviral and antituberculous activity of helichrysum melanacme constituents. | bioassay guided fractionation of the acetonic extract of helichrysum melanacme using human influenza virus type a and a drug-sensitive strain of mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro resulted in the isolation of 2 4',6'-trihydroxy-3'-prenylchalcone (1) and 4',6',5''-trihydroxy-6'',6''-dimethyldihydropyrano[2'',3''-2',3'] chalcone (2) as active constituents. 3-o-methylquercetin and quercetin were also isolated but were inactive against the microorganisms tested in this study. | 2006 | 16529879 |
| phytochemical screening and antiviral activity of some medicinal plants from the island soqotra. | methanol and hot-aqueous extracts of 25 different plant species, used in yemeni traditional medicine and growing, partly as endemic plants, on the island soqotra have been investigated for their antiviral activity. in addition, the phytochemical identification of the main chemical constituents was performed. the extracts were assayed in two in vitro viral systems, which used influenza virus type a/mdck cells and herpes simplex virus type 1/vero cells, at non-cytotoxic concentrations. the herpes ... | 2006 | 16557613 |
| distribution of influenza virus type a in infected eggs and the survival of virus under certain conditions of storage. | | 1944 | 16560843 |
| in vivo antiviral activity: defective interfering virus protects better against virulent influenza a virus than avirulent virus. | a defective interfering (di) virus differs from the infectious virus from which it originated in having at least one major deletion in its genome. such di genomes are replicated only in cells infected in trans with homologous infectious virus and, as their name implies, they interfere with infectious virus replication and reduce the yield of progeny virus. this potent antiviral activity has been abundantly demonstrated in cell culture with many different di animal viruses, but few in vivo exampl ... | 2006 | 16603528 |
| [incidence of influenza and influenza vaccine effectiveness in the 2004-2005 season]. | to quantify the incidence of flu in different groups of the population of navarra in the 2004-2005 season, and to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-flu vaccination. | 2006 | 16670732 |
| fate of influenza a virus proteins. | in this review we summarize the current state, history, future, mutation tendency and species susceptibility of influenza a virus proteins based on our probabilistic analyses on amino acid pairs, and compare the current state of influenza a virus proteins with that of proteins which we have studied in the past. | 2006 | 16712514 |
| effects of rutin and quercetin on monooxygenase activities in experimental influenza virus infection. | the aim of this work is to study the effect of the flavonoids rutin and quercetin on hepatic monooxygenase activities in experimental influenza virus infection (eivi). eivi causes oxidative stress in the whole organism. this is confirmed by the rapidly increased concentrations of thiobarbituric reactive substances in influenza-infected mice: lungs - 290%; blood plasma - more than 320%; liver - 230%; brain - 50%. although known for their antioxidant activities, rutin and quercetin exhibit prooxid ... | 2006 | 16793246 |
| influenza viruses in general, human strains, shift and drift, vaccination. | | 2006 | 16800239 |
| amantadine resistance among porcine h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2 influenza a viruses isolated in germany between 1981 and 2001. | this study was designed to gain insight into amantadine susceptibility of porcine influenza a viruses isolated in germany between 1981 and 2001. the 12 studied h1n1, h1n2, and h3n2 porcine influenza virus strains were isolated in chicken eggs and passaged once in mdck cells. plaque reduction assays were applied to examine virus susceptibility to amantadine. genotyping was used to confirm drug resistance. in the results of these antiviral studies, only 3 of the 12 isolates were shown to be amanta ... | 2006 | 16809934 |
| comparison of real-time pcr assays with fluorescent-antibody assays for diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in children. | conventional fluorescent-antibody (fa) methods were compared to real-time pcr assays for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza virus type a (flua), parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3 (piv1, piv2, and piv3), human metapneumovirus (mpv), and adenovirus (adv) in 1,138 specimens from children with respiratory illnesses collected over a 1-year period. at least one virus was detected in 436 (38.3%) specimens by fa and in 608 (53.4%) specimens by pcr (p<0.001). specimen quality w ... | 2006 | 16825353 |
| clinical effectiveness of first and repeat influenza vaccination in adult and elderly diabetic patients. | influenza vaccine uptake remains low among the high-risk group of patients with diabetes, partly because of conflicting evidence regarding its potential benefits. we assessed the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccination in adults with diabetes and specifically examined potential modification of effect by age and prior influenza vaccine uptake. | 2006 | 16873778 |
| avian influenza virus exhibits rapid evolutionary dynamics. | influenza a viruses from wild aquatic birds, their natural reservoir species, are thought to have reached a form of stasis, characterized by low rates of evolutionary change. we tested this hypothesis by estimating rates of nucleotide substitution in a diverse array of avian influenza viruses (aiv) and allowing for rate variation among lineages. the rates observed were extremely high, at >10(-3) substitutions per site, per year, with little difference among wild and domestic host species or vira ... | 2006 | 16945980 |
| influenza a virus ns1 protein binds p85beta and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling. | influenza a virus ns1 is a multifunctional protein, and in virus-infected cells ns1 modulates a number of host-cell processes by interacting with cellular factors. here, we report that ns1 binds directly to p85beta, a regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pi3k), but not to the related p85alpha subunit. activation of pi3k in influenza virus-infected cells depended on genome replication, and showed kinetics that correlated with ns1 expression. additionally, it was found that express ... | 2006 | 16963558 |
| inhibition of multiple subtypes of influenza a virus in cell cultures with morpholino oligomers. | peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (p-pmo) are single-stranded nucleic acid-like antisense agents that can reduce gene expression by sterically blocking complementary rna sequence. p-pmo are water soluble and nuclease resistant, and they readily achieve uptake into cells in culture under standard conditions. eight p-pmo, each 20 to 22 bases in length, were evaluated for their ability to inhibit influenza a virus (fluav) a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) replication in cell culture. the p- ... | 2006 | 16966399 |
| influenza virus infections in yangon, myanmar. | | 2006 | 16971178 |
| [avian flu epizootia and its prevention]. | in the review cited the data about avian flu epizootia for last years, about economic damage by epizootia, the information on an infection of people by viruses of animals. problems the development of vaccines against a avian flu, including ways of designing of vaccine strains are discussed. data on methods of struggle with avian influenza epizootia of poultry, about methods of prevention the epizootia and uses for this purpose of vaccines and drugs are resulted. | 2006 | 16981490 |
| [epizootic and epidemiological situation with the avian flu in dovolensk and kupinsk areas of novosibirsk region and the preventive measures]. | results of the analysis registered avian flu epizootia are submitted. diseases were registered as among wild birds, and poultry. from a biological material from a poultry and wild bird of some villages of novosibirsk region the influenza virus type a (h5n1) is allocated. carrying out sanitary and antiepidemic measures is organized. it is established, that disease and a mass destruction of poultry have taken place after contact to a wild bird on lakes. it is revealed, that the degree of distribut ... | 2006 | 16981496 |
| [avian flu in altay territory]. | the avian flu epizootia among wild waterfowl and poultry in personal farmsteads is described. in 38.9% of tests from a sectioning material from bird's mass destruction the genetic materials of a influenza virus type a (h5n1), and in 24% of tests of serum antibodies to a influenza virus type a (h5n1) in diagnostic titers are revealed. it is carried out serological monitoring among workers of integrated poultry farms and the population. activation of epizootic process in second half of summer and ... | 2006 | 16981507 |
| transient splenial lesion of the corpus callosum in clinically mild influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy. | reversible lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum (scc), caused by various agents such as influenza, rotavirus, escherichia coli, mumps, and adenovirus, were previously defined in a handful of cases. we present 5 cases with transient diffusion restriction of the scc associated with influenza a virus infection. | 2006 | 17032879 |
| [review on replication cycle of influenza virus]. | influenza virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae, which replicates its genome in nuclei of host cells. replication requires binding to the cellular receptor, entry into host cytoplasm and other several steps followed. in this article, recent findings of the virus replication steps, particularly emphasized on receptor recognition, fusion process, rnp transport and assembly were reviewed. | 2006 | 17037352 |
| [rapid detection of influenza virus a by fluorescence quantitative rt-pcr]. | to develop a method to rapidly detect influenza virus type a by fluorescence real-time quantitative rt-pcr. | 2006 | 17086712 |
| involvement of hsp90 in assembly and nuclear import of influenza virus rna polymerase subunits. | transcription and replication of the influenza virus rna genome occur in the nuclei of infected cells through the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase consisting of pb1, pb2, and pa. we previously identified a host factor designated raf-1 (rna polymerase activating factor 1) that stimulates viral rna synthesis. raf-1 is found to be identical to hsp90. here, we examined the intracellular localization of hsp90 and viral rna polymerase subunits and their molecular interaction. hsp90 was found to inte ... | 2007 | 17121807 |
| an overview of the epidemiology of avian influenza. | only viruses of the influenzavirus a genus have been isolated from birds and termed avian influenza [ai] viruses, but viruses with all 16 haemagglutinin [h1-h16] and all 9 neuraminidase [n1-n9] influenza a subtypes in the majority of possible combinations have been isolated from avian species. influenza a viruses infecting poultry can be divided into two groups. the very virulent viruses causing highly pathogenic avian influenza [hpai], with flock mortality as high as 100%. these viruses have be ... | 2007 | 17126960 |
| influenza a virus ns1 protein activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt pathway by direct interaction with the p85 subunit of pi3k. | influenza a virus infection activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi3k)/akt pathway, but the mechanism is not clear. here, it is reported that influenza a virus ns1 protein is responsible for pi3k/akt pathway activation. it was demonstrated that the ns1 protein interacts with the p85 regulatory subunit of pi3k via direct binding to the sh3 and c-terminal sh2 domains of p85. consensus binding motifs for sh3 and sh2 domains were found in influenza a virus ns1, namely an sh2-binding motif (y ... | 2007 | 17170431 |
| frosted branch angiitis-like fundus following presumed influenza virus type a infection. | | 2006 | 17180537 |
| moderate exercise early after influenza virus infection reduces the th1 inflammatory response in lungs of mice. | we have previously shown that moderate exercise significantly increased survival after influenza virus (a/pr/8/34) infection in mice. we hypothesized that this brief duration of exercise would either increase innate immune defences and/or shift the immune response from a th1 inflammatory to a th2 anti-inflammatory response resulting in decreased lung pathology. adult male balb/cbyj mice (5-6 months old) were infected with 50 microl of a/pr/8/34 virus (40hau) intranasally and randomized to either ... | 2006 | 17201075 |
| the rate of influenza immunization to people aged 65 years and older was increased from 45% to 70% by a primary health care-based multiprofessional approach. | for many years, swedish health authorities have recommended yearly influenza immunization to persons in medical risk groups and to people aged 65 years and older. despite this recommendation, the vaccination coverage has been lower than 50% in jönköping county, as in all other counties of sweden. to increase the rate of influenza immunization in jönköping county, we established a multiprofessional action group and designed a primary health care-based program. important elements in the project we ... | 2007 | 17235251 |
| prevalence of pb1-f2 of influenza a viruses. | pb1-f2 is a pro-apoptotic polypeptide of many influenza a virus (fluav) isolates encoded by an alternative orf of segment 2. a comprehensive genbank search was conducted to analyse its prevalence. this search yielded 2226 entries of 80 fluav subtypes. of these sequences, 87 % encode a pb1-f2 polypeptide greater than 78 aa. however, classic swine influenza viruses and human h1n1 isolates collected since 1950 harbour a truncated pb1-f2 sequence. while pb1-f2 of human h1n1 viruses terminates after ... | 2007 | 17251572 |
| reliable universal rt-pcr assays for studying influenza polymerase subunit gene sequences from all 16 haemagglutinin subtypes. | realizable one-step rt-pcr assays specific for influenza pb2, pb1 and pa segments are described in this report. the designs of the consensus primers were based on more than five thousands polymerase genes derived from avian or mammalian viral strains. all the viral rna tested in this study could be consistently amplified by the assays. the reaction products were specific and could be used for direct dna sequencing. these assays might be useful tools to study the sequences of these genes. | 2007 | 17324474 |
| concise synthesis of dideoxy-epigallocatechin gallate (do-egcg) and evaluation of its anti-influenza virus activity. | dideoxy-epigallocatechin gallate (do-egcg) (2), a simplified analog of naturally occurring egcg (1), was efficiently prepared by directly introducing a ketone group at c3 and successive reduction to the sec-alcohol with 2,3-cis stereochemistry. compound 2 showed potent anti-influenza virus activity, indicating that the hydroxyl substituents on the a-ring are not crucial for anti-influenza virus activity. | 2007 | 17420124 |
| replication fitness determines high virulence of influenza a virus in mice carrying functional mx1 resistance gene. | the ifn-induced resistance factor mx1 is a critical component of innate immunity against influenza a viruses (fluav) in mice. animals carrying a wild-type mx1 gene (mx1(+/+)) differ from regular laboratory mice (mx1(-/-)) in that they are highly resistant to infection with standard fluav strains. we identified an extraordinary variant of the fluav strain, a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) (designated hvpr8), which is unusually virulent in mx1(+/+) mice. hvpr8 was well controlled in mx1(+/+) but not mx1(-/-) mice ... | 2007 | 17426143 |
| multiple anti-interferon actions of the influenza a virus ns1 protein. | the replication and pathogenicity of influenza a virus (fluav) are controlled in part by the alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) system. this virus-host interplay is dependent on the production of ifn-alpha/beta and on the capacity of the viral nonstructural protein ns1 to counteract the ifn system. two different mechanisms have been described for ns1, namely, blocking the activation of ifn regulatory factor 3 (irf3) and blocking posttranscriptional processing of cellular mrnas. here we direc ... | 2007 | 17442719 |
| neuraminidase inhibitor susceptibility of porcine h3n2 influenza a viruses isolated in germany between 1982 and 1999. | as an intermediate host of avian and human influenza a viruses (fluav) pigs may play a potential role in interspecies virus transmission and reassortment of viral genes including those conferring antiviral drug resistance. porcine fluav isolated in germany between 1989 and 2001 contains mutations in the m2 gene inducing amantadine resistance. no data exist on neuraminidase inhibitor (nai) susceptibility of these porcine fluav. we studied the antiviral activity of nai against seven selected h3n2 ... | 2007 | 17445913 |
| [antiviral resistance of influenza viruses]. | | 2007 | 17455665 |
| serological response to vaccination against avian influenza in zoo-birds using an inactivated h5n9 vaccine. | five hundred and forty birds in three zoos were vaccinated twice against avian influenza with a 6-week interval using an inactivated h5n9 vaccine. serological response was evaluated by hemagglutination inhibition test 4-6 weeks following the second vaccine administration. 84% of the birds seroconverted, and 76% developed a titre > or =32. the geometric mean titre after vaccination was 137. a significant species variation in response was noted; penguins, pelicans, ducks, geese, herons, guinea fow ... | 2007 | 17467857 |
| [significance of rapid testing for influenza virus infectious disease]. | | 2007 | 17477144 |
| [two cases of successfully treated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following influenza virus infection]. | while invasive pulmonary aspergillosis usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts, it has been described after influenza virus infection in healthy individuals. the first case was a 76-year-old previously healthy woman admitted because of chest pain, cough, sputum, fever, and a chest radiograph abnormality. a transbronchial biopsy specimen showed fungal hyphae. amphotericin b (amph) and itraconazole (itcz) were given, and she improved gradually. a viral test showed a titre of 1/128 to influenza a ... | 2007 | 17491315 |