| survival of some viruses in the sea-water samples collected from the gulf of gdańsk. preliminary studies. | | 1976 | 189869 |
| the size and location of the poly(a) tract in emc virus rna. | encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna, selected by its affinity for oligo(dt)-cellulose, contains poly(a) of size : (i) about 14 nucleotide residues long, based on the percentage of radioactivity in the rna resistant to digestion by a mixture of pancreatic and t1 rnases; (ii) about 15 residues long, as measured by the ratio of the amount of terminal adenosine to internal adenylic acid in isolated poly(a); and (iii) in the range 12 to 45 residues, the majority of tracts being about 16 to 18 residu ... | 1977 | 190347 |
| the genome of poliovirus is an exceptional eukaryotic mrna. | | 1976 | 190646 |
| [viral flora (coliphages and human enteroviruses) found in river water after an urban district (saint-etienne). ii. a virological and epidemiological survey (author's transl)]. | a survey was carried out from march 1972 to february 1973 to identify viral flora found in the river furan ater st. etienne. the 54 samples examined revealed the following data: 1) more accurate results are obtained when viral concentration values are expressed in terms of m3/sec., taking into account the flow of the river and eliminating the seasonal dilution factor; 2) rates of enteroviruses remain constant throughout the year, in spite of a relatively rapid spontaneous inactivation of the vir ... | 1976 | 190654 |
| [microbial resistance to formaldehyde. i. comparative quantitative studies in some selected species of vegetative bacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, bacteriophages and viruses]. | the resistence of different microorganisms to formaldehyde was determined. as test objects served gram-negative and gram-positive vegetative germs (klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella paratyphi-b, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis), bacterial spores (bacillus cereus, bacillus pumilus, bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis), fungi (aspergillus niger, candida albicans), bacteriophages (escherichia coli phages, t1, t2, t3), and viruses (adenovirus, poliomy ... | 1976 | 190825 |
| [rational method of producing sera with high titers of virus neutralizing antibodies]. | a possibility of obtaining the diagnostic specific sera with a high titre against the poliovirus, type i, was studied experimentally. five different immunization schemes by the same antigen were tested in parallel experiments. a method of the viral antigen (both of the concentrated and of the unconcentrated) mixed with complete freund's adjuvant injection into the popliteal lymph nodes with the subsequent single reimmunization proved to be most effective. in this way it was possible to obtain ty ... | 1977 | 190829 |
| [ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system of monkeys in poliomyelitis]. | the ultrastructure of cells of the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys in experimental poliomyelitis caused by virus of poliomyelitis type 3 was studied. it was found out that the virus of poliomyelitis was localized in nerve cells, astocytes, oligodendrocytes, the endothelium of capillaries and macrophages. this justifies the conclusion that pathological changes in the cells referred to the above result from reproduction of the virus therein. ultrastructural changes in infected cells are d ... | 1976 | 190980 |
| [action of emetine hydrochloride in some experimental viral infections]. | the authors tested the virulicidal effect of emetine hydrochloride (eh) observed by fusillo in clinical practice. by adding eh to he p-2 cellular system, in a concentration such as to cause some inhibition of cellular growth, there is no meaningfull virostatic or virulicidal action against poliovirus, mahoney's strain. eh, in the same proportion as that employed by fusillo in human therapy, damages in the albino mouse liver. by halving the concentration of eh such a damage is not evident but no ... | 1976 | 191045 |
| seroimmunity to polioviruses in an urban population of italy. | in a seroepidemiological survey on immunity to polioviruses, carried out in rome, neutralizing antibodies were titrated on 602 serum samples collected from individuals aged from 6 months to 88 years. the geometric mean titres were 25.24, 25.92, and 18.12 for poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3, respectively. the number of seronegative results for each virus strain was very low (</=1.5%). the immune status of the study population could therefore be considered satisfactory. the distribution of antibody r ... | 1976 | 191208 |
| jc virus, a human polyomavirus associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: additional biological characteristics and antigenic relationships. | jc virus, a human polyomavirus, failed to grow or produce cytopathic effects in any of a variety of cells tested other than primary human fetal glial (phfg) cells. cells tested included other primary human cells and glial cells from other animals. only a rare cell in inoculated insusceptible human cell cultures produced t or virion antigen. in phfg cell cultures jc virus produced subtle cytopathic effects, and the majority of progeny remained cell associated. only a few cells in the heterogenous ... | 1977 | 191404 |
| the persistence of poliovirus of poliovirus in activated sludge treatment. | a model activated sludge treatment plant was used which was functionally very similar to a full scale plant. it was inoculated with poliovirus either continuously or with a single dose and the amounts of virus in the influent, mixed liquor and effluent were monitored regularly. the distribution of the virus in the liquid and solid phases of the mixed liquor was very unequal with about 85% of the virus associated with the suspended solids fraction. only small amounts of virus were recovered from ... | 1977 | 191521 |
| covalent linkage of a protein to a defined nucleotide sequence at the 5'-terminus of virion and replicative intermediate rnas of poliovirus. | the 5'-terminus of poliovirus polyribosomal rna is pup. a candidate for the 5'-terminus of poliovirion rna was recovered as a compound migrating toward the cathode when 32p-labeled virion rna was completely digested with ribonucleases t1, t2 and a and analyzed by paper ionophoresis at ph 3.5. treatment with proteinase k reversed its direction of migration, indicating the presence of protein. treatment with venom phosphodiesterase liberated all of the radioactivity as pup, suggesting that poliovi ... | 1977 | 191841 |
| importance of associated viral and bacterial infections in the production of acute pneumonias. | bacteriologic and virologic investigations carried out in a group of 85 patients with acute pneumonia have allowed the determination of the etiologic agent in 52.9% of the cases. of these, 40% showed combined viral and bacterial infections. mixovirus infections were frequently associated with staphylococcic ones (7 out of 8 cases) and adenovirus infections with the pneumococcic ones (6 out of 7 cases). the most severe and longdrawn clinical pictures with frequent pleuropulmonary complications (i ... | 1976 | 191900 |
| virological studies of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an overview. | | 1976 | 191964 |
| inactivation of polioviruses and coxsackieviruses in surface water. | inactivation rates of polioviruses 1 and 3 and coxsackieviruses a-13 and b-1 were determined in situ in the rio grande in southern new mexico, using membrane dialysis chambers. inactivation of the viruses was exponential, and the rates of inactivation were apparently affected principally by the water temperature. stability of the viruses in river water differed, with poliovirus 1 and coxsackie b-1 being most stable. typically 1-log reductions of infectivity at water temperatures ranging between ... | 1977 | 192146 |
| [denaturation maps of the replicative form of rna of 2 picornaviruses]. | | 1977 | 192525 |
| the influence of bacillary dysentery on the efficiency of oral poliovaccine in egypt. | the rate of poliovirus excretion was found to be 64.6% in a group of 108 normal children and 11.95% in 184 diarrheal children. diarrhea was due to shigella in 70% of cases. this drew our attention to the presence of an etiologic relationship between the two findings, which may have a direct effect on the low efficiency of oral poliovaccine in our country. effect of shigella infection on the take of oral poliovaccine was investigated in 14 normal and 10 children having acute diarrhea due to shige ... | 1976 | 192625 |
| virological and serological studies of neurological complications of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in thailand. | an extensive outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (ahc) occurred from september to december 1974 in thailand. at least 29 patients with polio-like motor paralysis that complicated ahc were hospitalized in bangkok. paired or triplicate samples of serum from 16 patients were tested for neutralizing antibody to enterovirus type 70 (ev70). a significant rise in titer of antibody was found for two patients, and the other 14 had neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 1:8 to 1:512 without an ... | 1977 | 192809 |
| use of elution marker for the intratypic characterization of poliovirus strains. | elution marker was used for intratypic characterization of poliovirus strains with al(oh)3 gel as adsorbent. the virion suspensions to be tested were partially purified by chromatography and labelled with 32p. in the labelled preparations of wild virus strains practically all radioactivity was found in virus-specific bond, whereas in those of the vaccine strains and isolates of vaccine origin a considerable, but variable, proportion of the activity was bound to residual cell components. for this ... | 1976 | 193364 |
| enteroviruses other than poliovirus. | the role of enteroviruses in certain specific disease--cardiac disease, nephritis, diabetes, and hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--is examined. it has now been well documented that coxsackievirus b (types cb1 through cb5 but not cb6) is the main pathogen involved in various clinical forms of viral heart disease. coxsackievirus a (ca4 and ca16) and echovirus (types 9 and 22) may also be associated with viral heart disease. in regard to the etiologic role of enteroviruses in nephritis, pancreatitis, and ... | 1976 | 193602 |
| antibody production and complement system in protein energy malnutrition. | antibody production in kwashiorkor and marasmic infants was studied by dividing them into three groups and giving the first group a single dose of trivalent live attenuated polio virus, the second group live attenuated measles virus and the third group diphtheriatoxoid. the production of antibodies was found to be deficient in pem as compared to normals and diminished more in kwashiorkor than in marasmus cases. the individuals of the complement system were significantly lower in kwashiorkor than ... | 1977 | 194050 |
| detection of poliovirus antigens and antibodies: microindirect haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition tests for poliovirus types i, ii, and iii. | microtitre indirect haemagglutination (iha) and iha-inhibition (ihai) procedures were adapted to determine the reactivities of type i, ii, and iii poliovirus antibodies and antigens. glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes were sensitized for these tests with concentrated, partially purified preparations of type i, ii, and iii poliovirus. antibody titres by iha were generally 10 to 100 times greater than serum microneutralization (sn) titres. the sn and iha reactivities of three kinds of sera we ... | 1976 | 194134 |
| echovirus 12-induced host cell shutoff is prevented by rhodanine. | | 1977 | 194165 |
| the role of some viruses in acute pneumonias in adults. | virological and bacteriological investigations were performed in 85 patients with acute pneumonias and virus isolation or serological evidence of virus infection were obtained in 37.6% of the cases. influenza a2 and b viruses were incriminated in 14.1% of the patients; parainfluenza viruses in 7% and adenoviruses in 17.2% of the cases. coxsackie virus was isolated from one patient's blood, and poliovirus 3 was recovered in 3 cases. in 5 cases associated virus infections were detected. | 1977 | 194393 |
| studies on the in vitro uncoating of poliovirus. ii. characteristics of the membrane-modified particle. | | 1977 | 194397 |
| [virus elimination through purification of drinking water]. | | 1977 | 194424 |
| chronic progressive poliomyelitis secondary to vaccination of an immunodeficient child. | we investigated an immunodeficient child in whom chronic progressive poliomyelitis developed after she had received live oral poliovirus vaccine. poliovirus, type ii, was isolated from throat and stool during life and from several sites within the brain at autopsy. the brain isolate was classified as vaccine-like on the basis of temperature sensitivity and antigenic markers. however, in the monkey neurovirulence test, the brain isolate produced moderately severe lesions throughout the spinal cor ... | 1977 | 195206 |
| recommendations for a national policy on poliomyelitis vaccination. | declining numbers of adequately vaccinated persons, new data about the comparative safety and effectiveness of live, attenuated and killed poliomyelitis-virus vaccines, increased consumer awareness of adverse reactions and pressure from manufacturers seeking protection from liability were factors leading the institute of medicine to re-examine poliomyelitis vaccination programs. the relative merits of live and killed virus vaccines as immunizing agents were reviewed within the context of the 60 ... | 1977 | 195207 |
| distribution of poliovirus in a small community. | | 1977 | 195253 |
| comparison of primary rhesus and cynomolgus monkey kidney cell cultures for viral isolation from clinical specimens. | rhesus monkey kidney and cynomolgus monkey kidney cell cultures were compared for viral isolation by using clinical specimens that yielded 203 viral isolates. cynomolgus and rhesus monkey kidney cells were comparable for the isolation of 22 adenoviruses, 12 coxsackieviruses, and one poliovirus. four of 50 echoviruses and seven of ten herpesviruses were detected only in cynomolgus monkey kidney cells. influenza virus was isolated in 84 instances, of which eight were detected only in rhesus and fo ... | 1977 | 195459 |
| stimulation of synthesis of the proteins of 30-s nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles in human amnion u cells by viral infection. | early increase in rna synthesis induced in human amnion u cells by infection with poliovirus is accompanied by an increased incorporation of amino acids into non-histone nuclear proteins with an approximate molecular weight of 40 000. these proteins are the main polypeptides of the 30-s nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. after fractionation of nuclear proteins by extraction with solutions of different ionic strength, these polypeptides are present in the fraction of nuclear sap proteins solubl ... | 1977 | 195613 |
| the location of the polio genome protein in viral rnas and its implication for rna synthesis. | evidence is presented that a small protein (vpg) is covalently attached to the 5'-terminal oligonucleotide vpg-pu-u-a-a-a-a-c-a-gp of the polio genome, to nascent strands of the polio replicative intermediate and to poly(u) of minus strands. a model of polio rna replication is proposed implicating vpg in initiation of rna symthesis, possibly as primer. | 1977 | 196204 |
| 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of polio virus polyribosomal rna and virion rna are identical. | | 1977 | 196211 |
| untranslated vesicular stomatitis virus messenger rna after poliovirus infection. | | 1977 | 196392 |
| poliovirus coat protein as the site of guanidine action. | | 1977 | 196400 |
| simple mathematical deductions in the seroepidemiology of viral infections. ii. (para) myxoviruses (measles, mumps, influenza b), rubella, enteroviruses (polio, coxsackie b), adenoviruses, and mycoplasma pneumoniae. | large samples of nonselected persons collected in south-west germany were investigated for the prevalence of serum antibodies to poliovirus 1-3 and coxsackievirus b 1-5 (neutralisation test), to measles, rubella, and mumps (hemagglutination inhibition test), mumps, influenza b, adenovirus, and mycoplasma pneumoniae (complement-fixation test). according to "catalytic models", which compare the infection spread to simple chemical reactions of molecules as self-limiting procedures, a mathematical a ... | 1977 | 196454 |
| [experiments on poliomyelitis surveillance in an urban population of the ruhr valley (essen) by means of virological investigations of the sewage water (author's transl)]. | | 1977 | 196458 |
| differences in multiplication of virulent and vaccine strains of poliovirus type i, ii, and iii in laboratory animals. | multiplication of virulent and vaccine strains of poliovirus type i, ii and iii in laboratory animals of different species was studied comparatively. the main criterion of virus reproduction was the production of the photoresistant virus progeny after inoculation of the animals with proflavin-photosensitized virus strains. on the whole, virulent poliovirus strains were characterized by replication in a wide range of hosts (monkeys, cotton rats, white mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, chickens, chick e ... | 1977 | 196575 |
| enhancement of virus growth produced by thiols and disulphides. | several thiols and disulphides have been found able both to shorten the latency phase and to increase the growth of several virus strains in cell cultures. | 1977 | 196894 |
| chromosomal site(s) of integration of herpes simplex virus type 2 thymidine kinase gene in biochemically transformed human cells. | | 1977 | 197027 |
| comparison of poliovirus detection in sewage and stool samples; a study in a crèche in the third week after vaccination. | in a model experiment conducted in a prague crèche, the detection rate for polioviruses in partially purified, non-concentrated sewage as sampled by means of gauze pads (moore's method) was compared with that for individual stool samples. in the third week after the vaccination of children with live attenuated type 1 poliovirus (march 1975) and at an equal interval after their vaccination with a combination of types 2 and 3 (may 1975), corresponding poliovirus types were detected both in individ ... | 1977 | 197033 |
| correlation of virus polypeptide structure with attenuation of poliovirus type 1. | several avirulent samples of poliovirus type 1 derived in the process attenuating the neurovirulent mahoney strain show an altered virus capsid polypeptide, vp-1, on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-disrupted virions. | 1977 | 197272 |
| radiation enhanced reactivation of nuclear replicating mammalian viruses. | | 1977 | 197551 |
| [cytochalasins in virologic research]. | | 1977 | 197711 |
| [several virologic and biochemical aspects of vaccination with antipoliomyelitis vaccine. fate of the parent virus]. | in the present study we attempted to follow the fate of the parental poliomyelitis virus of immunological type ii labeled with 3h-uridine in vaccinated animals. for this purpose, 3h-uridine labeled purified and concentrated virus was inoculated intramuscularly into cotton rats (sensitive to poliomyelitis virus) and guinea pigs (insensitive to poliomyelitis virus). the controls consisted of two groups of the same animal species: the animals of the first group were inoculated intramuscularly with ... | 1977 | 197713 |
| [several virologic and biochemical aspects of vaccination with antipoliomyelitis vaccine. characteristics of intracellular virus-specific structures]. | the data are presented concerning infectious potentials of subvirus particles isolated from cytoplasmic extracts of various organs of cotton rats and guinea pigs inoculated intramuscularly with purified and concentrated poliomyelitis virus type ii. as described earlier, from various organs of the animals (the brain, spinal cord, lungs, and spleen) subvirus particles were isolated which in cesium chloride gradient had a density higher by 0.05-0.1 g/ml than that of the intact virus. determinations ... | 1977 | 197714 |
| virus detection on grapes. | grapes inoculated with poliovirus 1 and coxsackievirus b5 were washed with water, 0.5% polyehtylene glycol, or phosphate-buffered saline with 1% serum. these washes were equally efficient at removing virus but much of the virus in the water was noninfectious until treated with 0.5% polyethylene glycol. | 1977 | 198080 |
| a rapid microassay for detecting antibodies against poliovirus based on [14c]thymidine uptake of treated cell cultures. | dna synthesis of mammalian cells propagated in microplates can easily be measured if cell cultures incubated with [14c]thymidine are harvested on the glass fibre filters by a semiautomatic harvesting technique. soon after infection with poliovirus, [14c]thymidine uptake of u cells (established, human amniotic cell line) is inhibited. this inhibition can be prevented by previous virus neutralization with antibody. based on this effect a rapid, precise assay method was set up to determine neutrali ... | 1977 | 198477 |
| antigenic variation of poliovirus caused by antibody components with different specificities. | the possible role of antibody as a selective pressure on antigenic mutants of poliovirus in nature was investigated in vitro. a mutant resistant to a monospecific antibody with a definite specificity was readily obtained by several cycles of neutralization of mahoney strain with a monospecific antibody and multiplication in monkey kidney (ms) cells. mutants resistant to more than two different monospecific antibodies were also readily obtained in a similar manner. studies on the antigenicity of ... | 1977 | 198635 |
| biological properties of poliovirus encapsulated in lipid vesicles: antibody resistance and infectivity in virus-resistant cells. | we present evidence that poliovirus can be encapsulated in synthetic large phospholipid vesicles. the virus associated with the vesicles is found to be (i) resistant to antiserum against poliovirus and (ii) infectious for cells that are normally resistant to virus infection because of a membrane restriction. our interpretation of these results is that the virus is entrapped in the interior aqueous space of the vesicles and that this vesicle-associated virus is introduced directly into the cytopl ... | 1977 | 198787 |
| medical research in kenya. i. virology. | | 1977 | 198920 |
| dissociation and reassociation of poliovirus. ii. protein components obtained by urea treatment of the virus particle. | dissociation of poliovirus by 9 m urea in 0.015 m nacl at 25 degrees c resulted in the liberation of 35s rna and of polypeptides sedimenting at 2s in sucrose gradients containing 9 m urea. however, a ribonucleopolypeptide (rnpp) complex sedimenting at 45s and oligomers of the viral polypeptides sedimenting at 7--8s were found in addition to the monomers sedimenting at 2s when the urea concentration was lowered to 5 m after the dissociation procedure. ribonuclease treatment prevents the appearanc ... | 1977 | 198990 |
| [precipitation antibodies against poliovirus in patients with poliomyelitis]. | sera from 26 children bearing poliomyelitis caused by virus tipe i and from 47 cases with paralysis of different etiology (non-poliomyelitic) were tested against antigen of poliovirus types i, ii and iii with an agar-immunoprecipitation reaction. all sera with neutralizing antibodies with titres of 1:1250 gave positive results in immunodifusion tests. the percentage of positiveness decrease with lower titres. no false positive reactions were found. immunodiffusion test with antigens of polioviru ... | 1977 | 199122 |
| [early effect of poliomyelitis virus on 5'-nucleotidase activity in hela cells]. | one of the earlier effects of poliovirus was the maintaining of a high level of hela cells 5'-nucleotidase activity (maximal efficiency for a virus/cell ratio = 500 id 50/cell) (id50:50% infections dose). the activity decreased when cells were suspended in the presence of edta(edta:ethylene diamine tetracetic acid) and was partially restored by adding 10 mm mg++ interactions are discussed. | 1977 | 199374 |
| review of enterovirus studies in east africa. | | 1977 | 199414 |
| involvement of viral procapsid in the rna synthesis and maturation of poliovirus. | | 1977 | 199991 |
| the behaviour of sabin attenuated poliovirus strains in the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys. | | 1977 | 200628 |
| [importance of the results of a virological examination of sewage. a quantitative evaluation of the finding of enteroviruses in sewage]. | in order to evaluate quantitatively the effectiveness of virological examinations of sewage, a labeled virus in a dose of 7.5x10(9) pfu was introduced into the canalization system of a community. such an amount of virus could be found in the canalization system if 5--10% of the residents would excrete it simultaneously. the labeled virus was selectively detected in the community sewage. this procedure has demonstrated that the routine methods for sewage collection, specimen treatment, and virus ... | 1977 | 201104 |
| inactivation of enteric viruses in wastewater sludge through dewatering by evaporation. | the effect of dewatering on the inactivation rates of enteric viruses in sludge was determined. for this study, water was evaporated from seeded raw sludge at 21 degrees c, and the loss of viral plaque-forming units was measured. initial results with poliovirus showed that recoverable infectivity gradually decreased with the loss of water until the solids content reached about 65%. when the solids content was increased from 65 to 83%, a further, more dramatic decrease in virus titer of greater t ... | 1977 | 201215 |
| the viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in children in uganda. | the role of viruses in respiratory diseases of young children in uganda was studied. a viral etiology was established in 36% of the infections investigated. the most important pathogens were found to be respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza viruses, which were responsible for 26% of infections investigated. they caused both upper and lower respiratory tract diseases. there was little or no seasonal variation in the etiology of these infections. adenoviruses were found to be less importan ... | 1977 | 201391 |
| replication of poliovirus (lsc 2 ab) in perfused cultures of mrc-5 diploid cells. | application of a new perfusion culture system to the propagation of poliovirus type 1 (lsc 2 ab) in mrc-5 cells is described. virus production was compared in perfused and stationary cultures of cells at the 26th to 30th population doubling. yield of virus per cell and unit growth surface area were found to be consistently higher in the perfused system by factors of three to five fold respectively. the influence of experimental conditions on these results and the potential of perfusion for large ... | 1976 | 201522 |
| relative sensitivity of three cell substrates to the sabin poliovirus strains. | poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 (sabin strains) were titrated using microtissue culture plates in three different cell substrates: hep 2c, vero and mrc-5 human diploid cells. each type of poliovirus was titrated 60 times. the virus dilutions were inoculated in the three cell substrates and the titres (tcid50/ml) calculated by the spearman-kärber method. the results were analyzed by the u-test (mann and whitney procedure) in a wang 600 computer. for poliovirus type 1 the differences in titres observe ... | 1976 | 201523 |
| photochemical inhibition of poliovirus replication by 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen plus light. | poliovirus replication in hela cells is significantly inhibited by a 30-min pulse of infected cells with 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen plus long wavelength ultraviolet light. when infected cells are exposed to psoralen plus light during peak viral rna synthesis, formation of virus-specific rnas is inhibited. viral rna species, formed in vivo in the presence of, or treated in vitro with, psoralen plus light, appear to have become degraded when analyzed by sedimentation in sucrose-dimethyl sulfoxide gr ... | 1978 | 201583 |
| virus production with a newly developed microcarrier system. | primary cell cultures as well as established lines have been grown on a recently developed microcarrier configuration that overcomes the problem of toxicity attendant on earlier developments in this technology. virus yields from these cells propagated on the new microcarriers have been measured. microcarrier-grown cells, when compared to roller-bottle-grown cells, gave virus yields on a per-cell basis that varied from slightly greater with the sindbis virus-chinese hamster ovary cells and polio- ... | 1977 | 202193 |
| poliomyelitis: epidemiology and prophylaxis. 4. serological and virological surveys conducted after a mass vaccination campaign for the control of a threatening poliomyelitis epidemic. | in 1973, a type 1 poliomyelitis epidemic in kenya was curtailed at an early stage by two mass distributions of trivalent oral vaccine. it was considered useful to know the immunity status of the child population that had resulted from the vaccine distributions and that had presumably contributed to its control. we also wished to know to what extent wild and vaccine virus strains were in circulation after the mass vaccination campaign. anal swabs and blood were collected from a sample of the chil ... | 1977 | 202417 |
| a simple method for concentration of enteroviruses and rotaviruses from cell culture harvests using membrane filters. | organic compounds in cell culture harvests known as membrane-coating components (mcc) prevent virus adsorption to membrane filters. blending cell culture harvests with fluorocarbon removed the mcc and permitted adsorption of virus in acidified harvests to epoxy-fiberglass filters. subsequent elution with high ph buffer resulted in recovery of greater than 90% of the virus with concentrations of up to 100-fold. | 1978 | 202572 |
| isoelectric focusing of viral polypeptides in urea. a methodological study on poliovirus. | the applicability of isoelectric focusing in urea to the analysis of viral polypeptides is reported, using poliovirus as a model. experimental techniques for the dissociation of virus particles, for isoelectric focusing in urea-containing polyacrylamide gels (rods, flat bed and slab gels) and for ph measurement and two-dimensional analysis are described and their results, as applied to poliovirus polypeptides, discussed. special attention is given to problems of recovery of all of the proteins a ... | 1978 | 202609 |
| endoribonuclease activity associated with animal rna viruses. | a specific endoribonucleolytic activity was detected when detergent-lysed vesicular stomatitis of sendai virus was incubated with the precursor to escherichia coli trna tyr. the cleavage products produced and the characteristics of the reaction were similar to those previously reported for human kb cell rnase nu. like rnase nu, the virus-associated reaction generates 5'-hydroxyl and 3'-phosphate groups at the cleavage sites. at protein concentrations similar to those used to test vesicular stoma ... | 1978 | 202740 |
| the 5'-terminal structures of poliovirion rna and poliovirus mrna differ only in the genome-linked protein vpg. | the 5'-terminal, rnase t1-resistant oligonucleotide of poliovirus mrna has been isolated. its sequence is pu-u-a-a-a-a-c-a-gp, which is identical to that of virion rna except that the genome-linked protein vpg is absent [nomoto, a., detjen, b., pozzatti, r. & wimmer, e. (1977) nature 268, 208-213]. because all newly synthesized viral rnas are vpg-linked, we propose that vpg is cleaved from progeny rna at the linkage between protein and nucleic acid prior to polyribosome formation. this may repre ... | 1977 | 202952 |
| [stimulation of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus reproduction by non-multiplying poliomyelitis virus in several transplantable tissue culture lines]. | reproduction of mouse encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) was studied in 5 continuous primate cell lines: hela, fl, detroit-6, p/7, and mio inoculated with guanidine-dependent variant of poliomyelitis virus in the absence of guanidine. poliomyelitis virus stimulated emc virus reproduction in all cell lines under study. this stimulation effect was studied at length in hela and mio cells. in hela cells, stimulation was observed at a low and moderate multiplicity of infection of emc virus but not at a ... | 1977 | 203116 |
| rd cells in the laboratory diagnosis of enteroviruses. | it is shown that, in addition to the already known replication of coxsackie a viruses, 16 out of 18 different types of echo viruses tested as well as all three types of polioviruses can also be grown in rd cells with the development of a pronounced cpe. one of the exceptions, echo virus type 16, can be propagated in either hel or hfdk cells and the other, echo virus type 22, in vero cells. these four permanent or semi-permanent cell cultures thus prove very useful for the isolation of most of th ... | 1977 | 203835 |
| [indicators of immunity in children vaccinated with live poliomyelitis vaccine]. | serological examination of 1057 children, residents of leningrad, vaccinated with poliomyelitis vaccine at the appropriate calendar dates according to the scheme, showed the presence of antibodies to the polioviruses in 81.5-99.1% of the cases. there were more serologically negative children against the virus type iii, and much less--against the virus type ii. the value of the mean geometrical titres somewhat decreased with the advance of the children's age and the time lapse after the vaccinati ... | 1978 | 204133 |
| [antiviral effect of aqueous plant extracts in tissue culture]. | the aqueous extracts from 178 kinds of medicinal plants belonging to 69 families were examined from the point of their virustatic activity against herpes-, influenza-, vaccine- and poliovirus. 75 kinds proved to be virustatic against one or more kinds of virus. nearly one-third of the active plants belong to families that are known as especially rich in tannin. besides the virustatic activity a great number of extracts showed also a cytostatic activity. | 1978 | 204315 |
| aggregation of enterovirus small plaque variants and polioviruses under low ionic strength conditions. | virion aggregation in low ionic conditions was observed with small plaque variants of coxsackievirus type b3 and echovirus types 4 and 11 by sedimentation and filtration methods. inclusion of salts or deae-dextran into the media prevented or reversed virion aggregation. the effect of ph on aggregate formation in low ionic strength solutions was also investigated with various strains of poliovirus. type i sabin strain formed aggregates even at high ph, while mahoney strains did so only below ph 6 ... | 1978 | 204734 |
| involvement of microtubules in cytopathic effects of animal viruses: early proteins of adenovirus and herpesvirus inhibit formation of microtubular paracrystals in hela-s3 cells. | in order to examine the involvement of microtubules in the virus-induced cytopathic effect (c.p.e.), the effect of virus infection on the formation of microtubular paracrystals (pc) induced by 10 microgram/ml of vinblastine sulphate in hela-s3 cells was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. in poliovirus-infected cells, c.p.e. (cell rounding) and the inhibition of pc formation proceeded in parallel, starting 4 h post-infection. in sendai virus-infected cells, however, pc formation was not inhib ... | 1978 | 204735 |
| isoelectric points of polypeptides of standard poliovirus particles of different serological types and of empty capsids and dense particles of poliovirus type 1. | the isoelectric points of polypeptides of standard and dense poliovirus particles and of empty capsids have been determined by isoelectric focusing in urea and by two-dimensional analysis. comparing virus strains belonging to the three serological types of poliovirus, differences in the pi of some, but not all of the structural polypeptides are found. the pi of polypeptides of dense particles and of empty capsids are identical with those of standard particles. polypeptide vpo present in empty ca ... | 1978 | 204736 |
| picorna- and togavirus infection of cells detected by gas chromatography. | viral infection of cells causes chemical and metabolic changes, which can be detected by gas chromatography (gc) of ether extracts of supernatant fluids and cell homogenates before any significant damage to the cells is observable microscopically. the characteristic and specific gc patterns obtained from bhk-21 and vero cell cultures infected with encephalomyocarditis, polio, echoviruses, and a togavirus make it possible to distinguish between these infecting viruses. the appearance of 1 or 2 co ... | 1977 | 204744 |
| is the polio virus responsible for late central nervous system tumors? | a hypothesis is advanced concerning the relationship of poliomyelitis viruses and late developing neoplasia in the central nervous system. the literature is surveyed, and several experimental approaches based upon known evidence of viral and neoplastic behaviour are advanced. the present status of world polio incidence is discussed as it applies to this possible relationship. | 1978 | 204855 |
| [possible function of poliovirus genome linked protein in virus replication (author's transl)]. | | 1978 | 204959 |
| [evaluation of the alginat membrane filter method for the enterovirus concentration in water (author's transl)]. | it is bound to use a concentration method for the research of enteroviruses in water. one of the concentration methods, the filtration on alginat membranes, avoids the problem of the virus elution from the filter, then the membrane is soluble in a sodium citrat buffer. this method was studied with different types of water (synthetic water, tap water and wastewater). -the recovery efficiency of poliovirus i in clear waters (synthetic water and tap water) was poor, unsatisfying reproducible; the r ... | 1977 | 205063 |
| comparison between adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs. | adsorption of poliovirus and rotavirus by aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs was studied. both aluminum hydroxide and activated sludge flocs adsorbed greater amounts of poliovirus than rotavirus. aluminum hydroxide flocs reduced the titer of poliovirus in tap water by 3 log10, but they only reduced the titer of a simian rotovirus (sa-11) in tap water by 1 log10 or less and did not noticeably reduce the number of human rotavirus particles present in a dilute stool suspension. activated ... | 1978 | 205173 |
| concentration of enteroviruses from large volumes of tap water, treated sewage, and seawater. | methods are described for the efficient concentration of an enterovirus from large volumes of tap water, sewage, and seawater. virus in acidified water (ph 3.5) in the presence of aluminum chloride was adsorbed to a 10-inch (ca. 25.4 cm) fiberglass depth cartridge and a 10-inch pleated epoxy-fiberglass filter in a series at flow rates of up to 37.8 liters (10 gallons) per min. adsorbed viruses were eluted from the filters with glycine buffer (ph 10.5 to 11.5), and the eluate was reconcentrated b ... | 1978 | 205175 |
| role of sediment in the persistence of enteroviruses in the estuarine environment. | the survival of four enteroviruses commonly found in sewage effluents was examined when the viruses were adsorped to marine sediments in estuarine water and compared with virus survival in estuarine water alone. echovirus 1, coxsackieviruses b3 and a9, and poliovirus 1 survived longer when associated with marine sediment. when the estuarine water was polluted with secondarily treated sewage effluent, virus survived for prolonged periods in sediments, but not in the overlaying estuarine water. | 1978 | 206204 |
| characterization and classification of virus particles associated with hepatitis a. i. size, density, and sedimentation. | virus-like particles were purified from stools of patients in an epidemic of hepatitis a in germany. when reference ms-1 chimpanzee pre-inoculation and convalescent sera were used, the close serological relationship of the purified particles to well-known isolates of hepatitis a could be established. on the other hand, the physicochemical characteristics of the particles were determined in parallel to the characteristics of a marker parvovirus (luiii) and a marker picornavirus (poliovirus type 2 ... | 1978 | 206730 |
| characterization and classification of virus particles associated with hepatitis a. ii. type and configuration of nucleic acid. | virus particles banding at 1.34 g/ml in cscl and sedimenting at 160s in sucrose gradients were isolated from fecal specimens of patients suffering from hepatitis. in the presence of 4 m urea and about 90% formamide, these particles released linear nucleic acid molecules of the kinked appearance characteristic of single-stranded rna or single-stranded dna. they could be distinguished from the nucleic acid of phage lambda added to the preparation as a marker for double-stranded configuration. expe ... | 1978 | 206731 |
| inhibition of translation by poliovirus: inactivation of a specific initiation factor. | translation of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrna, like host mrna translation, is inhibited in cells infected with poliovirus. to study the mechanism of poliovirus-induced inhibition of protein synthesis, we prepared extracts from poliovirus-infected and uninfected hela cells. poliovirus mrna was translated in lysates from both infected and uninfected cells, while vsv mrna was translated only in the lysate from uninfected cells. addition of purified translation initiation factors to the extra ... | 1978 | 208073 |
| structural studies of the rna component of the poliovirus replication complex. i. purification and biochemical characterization. | | 1978 | 208234 |
| structural studies of the rna component of the poliovirus replication complex. ii. characterization by electron microscopy and autoradiography. | | 1978 | 208235 |
| enhanced poliovirus replication in cytomegalovirus-infected human fibroblasts. | | 1978 | 208243 |
| increased resistance of trisomic-21 cells to virus replication: role of interferon. | | 1978 | 208250 |
| [rational method of obtaining sera with a high titre of virus-neutralizing antibodies. report 2]. | in addition to report i (zhmei, 1977, no. 1) a study was made of 9 more schemes of rabbit immunization with the poliomyelitis virus, type i, for the purpose of obtaining the neutralizing sera of high titre. vitamins a and c were used in the experiments in the capacity of the activators of the organism reaction; freund's adjuvant of different make was tested; different reimmunization periods and different amounts of the adjuvant were administered. titration of rabbit sera in the process of immuni ... | 1978 | 208328 |
| the immunological response of nigerian infants to attenuated and inactivated poliovaccines. | a comparison was made of the immunity conferred by injected formalin-killed poliomyelitis vaccine and orally administered attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine in nigerian infants under tropical conditions where interfering enteroviruses have caused poor conversion rates with attenuated poliomyelitis vaccine. two hundred and thirty infants completed the immunization schedules. the levels of antibodies to polioviruses were assessed before immunization and at periodic intervals during the trial. sevent ... | 1978 | 208473 |
| intranuclear crystal formation in picornavirus-infected cells. | cells infected with echovirus or poliovirus were incubated at a suboptimal temperature (28 degrees c). when the cells were examined by electron microscopy, not only were crystalline arrays of mature virus particles observed in the cytoplasm but crystals composed of immature virus-like particles were also evident in the less electron-dense central region of the nucleus. immunofluorescent and autoradiographic studies revealed the presence of viral proteins and rna in the nucleus. these findings st ... | 1978 | 208486 |
| analysis of poliovirus antibody complexes by density gradient centrifugation. | analysis of poliovirus antibody complexes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation demonstrated differences in behavior of sensitized virus between early and late serum, particularly with regard to neutralizing capacity of different concentrations of antiserum. | 1978 | 208491 |
| the role of membrane association of antigens in induction of cell-mediated immunity to viruses. | | 1978 | 208808 |
| the use of cytochalasins in studies on the molecular biology of virus--host cell interactions. | in conclusion, one can say that the cytochalasins--in their brief history of application in virology--have proven to be valuable tools in studies on the molecular biology of virus--host cell interactions. on the other hand, viral systems can be useful in defining the primary sites of action of cytochalasins in certain cells. in interpreting the effects of cytochalasins on virus replication, however, one must take into consideration that the cytochalasins exert a wide variety of alterations in ce ... | 1978 | 208877 |
| establishment of a persistent measles virus infection in hep-2 cells. | a productive measles virus persistent infection has been established in hep-2 cells. greater than 90% of the persistently infected hep-2 cells (h2mv) exhibited measles specific immunofluorescence and haemadsorption. although most of the h2mv cells contained measles specific antigens, only a small percentage (less than 1%) actually produced infectious measles virus as determined by infectious centre assays. the measles virus produced by h2mv cells exhibited properties different from the initiatin ... | 1978 | 209291 |
| differential inhibition of host cell rna synthesis in several picornavirus-infected cell lines. | patterns of cellular rna synthesis during poliovirus (types 1,2 and 3) and mengovirus infections in hela, hep-2, vero and l-cells were investigated by means of high-resolution autoradiography, kinetics of 3h-uridine incorporation, and sucrose gradient centrifugation. only mengovirus-infected l-cells showed an early and exponential inhibition of hnrna and rrna synthesis. the other cell lines tested, whether infected with polio- or mengovirus, exhibited a slowly and linearly decreasing cellular rn ... | 1978 | 210138 |
| inactivation of cytomegalovirus and semliki forest virus by butylated hydroxytoluene. | butylated hydroxytoluene (bht) is an antioxidant that is widely used in foods because it prevents spoilage by delaying degradation of lipid components. this hydrophobic compound inactivated human and murine cytomegalovirus (cmv) and semliki forest virus (sfv). both human and murine cmv were inactivated more than 90% by 40 microgram of bht/ml after incubation for 1 hr at 37 c. under the same conditions, svf was inactivated about 75%, whereas poliovirus, which does not contain lipid membrane as a ... | 1978 | 210237 |
| the genome-linked protein of picornaviruses. iv. difference in the vpg's of encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus as evidence that the genome-linked proteins are virus-coded. | | 1978 | 210567 |