| effect of withania somnifera (l. dunal) root as a feed additive on immunological parameters and disease resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in labeo rohita (hamilton) fingerlings. | the present study evaluated the efficacy of dietary doses of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root powder on immunological parameters and disease resistance against the bacterial pathogen aeromonas hydrophila infections in indian major carp, labeo rohita fingerlings. fishes were fed with dry diet containing 0 gkg(-1) (control), 1 gkg(-1) (t(1)), 2 gkg(-1) (t(2)) and 3 gkg(-1) (t(3)) w. somnifera root powder for 42 days. immunological (nbt level, phagocytic activity, total immunoglobulin and lyso ... | 2010 | 20580830 |
| protection of swimming-induced oxidative stress in some vital organs by the treatment of composite extract of withania somnifera, ocimum sanctum and zingiber officinalis in male rat. | composite methanolic extract of roots of withania somnifera, leaves of ocimum sanctum, and rhizomes of zingiber officinalis was administered by gavage at the dose of 40 mg 100 g(-1) body weight day(-1) to rat orally for 15 days prior to experimentation followed by co-administration of above extract at the same dose for 28 days of swimming to find out the remedial effect of this extract on exhaustive physical exercise-induced oxidative damage. swimming resulted significant diminution (p<0.05) in ... | 2009 | 20606774 |
| in vitro protective effects of withania somnifera (l.) dunal root extract against hydrogen peroxide and β-amyloid(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated pc12 cells. | withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae), also known as 'ashwagandha' in sanskrit and as 'indian ginseng', is used widely in ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer, with antiaging, antistress, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. there is a paucity of data on the potential neuroprotective effects of w. somnifera root, as traditionally used, against h(2)o(2)- and aβ((1-42))-induced cytotoxicity which are current targets for novel approaches to treat dementia, especially d ... | 2010 | 20680931 |
| enhancement of the response of b16f1 melanoma to fractionated radiotherapy and prolongation of survival by withaferin a and/or hyperthermia. | withaferin a (wa), isolated from indian medicinal plant withania somnifera has weak antitumor and radiosensitizing property. the present investigation was planned to evaluate the tumor sensitizing effect of wa with or without local hyperthermia on the response of b16f1 melanoma to fractionated and acute radiotherapy. c57bl mice bearing tumors of 100 ± 10 mm³ were treated with fractionated radiotherapy (rt, 2 gy x 5 days/week, 4 weeks), withaferin a (15 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days/ week, 3 weeks), local ... | 2010 | 20713375 |
| evaluation of the anti-ulcer activity of nr-anx-c (a polyherbal formulation) in aspirin & pyloric ligature induced gastric ulcers in albino rats. | the aetiology of gastric ulcers is not completely understood and continuous use of anti-ulcer agents leads to many side effects. in this study we evaluated the anti-ulcer efficacy of a polyherbal formulation with potent antioxidant activity in aspirin and pyloric ligature induced gastric ulcers in rats. | 2010 | 20716823 |
| withaferin a inhibits activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in human breast cancer cells. | we have shown previously that withaferin a (wa), a promising anticancer constituent of ayurvedic medicine plant withania somnifera, inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells in culture and in vivo in association with apoptosis induction. the present study builds on these observations and demonstrates that wa inhibits constitutive as well as interleukin-6 (il-6)-inducible activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3), which is an oncogenic transcription factor activa ... | 2010 | 20724373 |
| dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia oreochromis mossambicus. | the effects of supplementing diets with acetone extract (1% w/w) from four medicinal plants (bermuda grass cynodon dactylon, h(1), beal aegle marmelos, h(2), winter cherry withania somnifera, h(3) and ginger zingiber officinale, h(4)) on growth, the non-specific immune response and ability to resist pathogen infection in tilapia oreochromis mossambicus were assessed. in addition, the antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed against vibrio alginolyticus, vibrioparahaemolyticus, vibri ... | 2009 | 20735646 |
| withanolide d induces apoptosis in leukemia by targeting the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase-ceramide cascade mediated by synergistic activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. | abstract: | 2010 | 20836852 |
| immunomodulatory effects of withania somnifera on azoxymethane induced experimental colon cancer in mice. | the efficacy of withania somnifera on immunomodulation was tested in experimental azoxymethane induced colon cancer in mice. azoxymethane is a potential carcinogen to induce the colon cancer in swiss albino mice. azoxymethane 15 mg/kg body weight was injected intraperitoneally once a week for 28 days. the colon cancer was confirmed by the appearance of aberrant crypt foci (acf) in the colons of the experimental mice. the progression in colon tumor development was correlated with the appearance o ... | 2010 | 20840055 |
| evaluation of the anxiolytic activity of nr-anx-c (a polyherbal formulation) in ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety behavior in rats. | the present study investigates the anxiolytic activity of nr-anx-c, a standardized polyherbal formulation containing the extracts of withania somnifera, ocimum sanctum, camellia sinensis, triphala, and shilajit in ethanol withdrawal- (ew-) induced anxiety behavior in rats. ethanol dependence in rats was produced by substitution of drinking water with 7.5% v/v alcohol for 10 days. then, ethanol withdrawal was induced by replacing alcohol with drinking water, 12 hours prior to experimentation. aft ... | 2010 | 20953426 |
| chlorinated and diepoxy withanolides from withania somnifera and their cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer cell line. | phytochemical studies on the aerial parts of withania somnifera l. dunal. (solanaceae) led to the isolation of a chlorinated steroidal lactone (27-acetoxy-4β,6α-dihydroxy-5β-chloro-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide), a diepoxy withanolide (5β,6β,14α,15α-diepoxy-4β,27-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide), and withaferin a. their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic techniques. all three compounds exhibited a growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell line (nci-h4 ... | 2010 | 21044792 |
| alzheimer's disease: the pros and cons of pharmaceutical, nutritional, botanical, and stimulatory therapies, with a discussion of treatment strategies from the perspective of patients and practitioners. | alzheimer's disease (ad) is characterized by dysfunctional intracellular and extracellular biochemical processes that result in neuron death. this article summarizes hypotheses regarding cell dysfunction in ad and discusses the effectiveness of, and problems with, different therapies. pharmaceutical therapies discussed include cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antihypertensive drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, secretase inhibitors, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotroph ... | 2010 | 21155625 |
| reversal of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in chicken by herbal adaptogens withania somnifera and ocimum sanctum. | the present study was carried out to evaluate the herbal adaptogens withania somnifera and ocimum sanctum on cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity in broiler chicken. cadmium administration at the rate of 100 ppm orally along with feed up to 28 days produced peroxidative damage, as indicated by increase in tbars, reduction in glutathione (gsh) concentration in liver and kidney, and increase in catalase (cat) and superoxide dismutase (sod) of erythrocytes. herbal adaptogens withania somnifera roots ... | 2010 | 21170246 |
| in vivo anti-tussive activity and structural features of a polysaccharide fraction from water extracted withania somnifera. | anti-tussive drugs are amongst the most widely used medications worldwide; however no new class of drugs has been introduced into the market for many years. the present study aims at evaluating the structural features and in vivo anti-tussive activity of a polysaccharide fraction from water extracted withania somnifera. | 2010 | 21182915 |
| detection of toxic heavy metals and pesticide residue in herbal plants which are commonly used in the herbal formulations. | herbal formulations are getting popular throughout the world and commercialized extensively for various medicinal properties. who has emphasized the need for quality assurance of herbal products, including testing of heavy metals and pesticides residues. in view of who guidelines, single herbal drugs used in herbal formulations were collected from local market, for testing heavy metals and persistent pesticides residue. therefore, in the present case, we have examined few local samples of certai ... | 2011 | 21210215 |
| withaferin a enhances radiation-induced apoptosis in caki cells through induction of reactive oxygen species, bcl-2 downregulation and akt inhibition. | withaferin a (wit a), a natural compound derived from the medicinal plant withania somnifera, has been reported for the anti-tumor effects, including the inhibition of tumor cell growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. in this study, we investigated the effect of wit a on radiation-induced apoptosis in human renal cancer cells (caki cells). our results showed that, compared with wit a or radiation alone, the combination of both resulted in a significant enhancement of apoptosis, showing the increas ... | 2011 | 21256832 |
| endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates withaferin a-induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells. | the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) results in cellular stress that initiates a specialized response designated as the unfolded protein response. er stress has been implicated in a variety of common diseases, such as diabetes, ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. withaferin a, a major chemical constituent of withania somnifera, has been reported to inhibit tumor cell growth. we show that withaferin a induced a dose-dependent apoptotic cell d ... | 2011 | 21266191 |
| effect of withania somnifera on sleep-wake cycle in sleep-disturbed rats: possible gabaergic mechanism. | sleep deprivation disrupts significantly sleep pattern and cause poor quality of sleep. the aim the present study was to explore role of withania somniferra root extract in sleep-disturbed rats. male wistar rats (n=5-6/group) were sleep deprived for 24 h using grid suspended over water method. withania somniferra extract (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 30 min before actual recording (eeg and emg) recording and electrophysiological recordings are further classified as- sleep ... | 2008 | 21369449 |
| withaferin a suppresses estrogen receptor-a expression in human breast cancer cells. | we have shown previously that withaferin a (wa), a promising anticancer constituent of ayurvedic medicine plant withania somnifera, inhibits growth of mcf-7 and mda-mb-231 human breast cancer cells in culture and mda-mb-231 xenografts in vivo by causing apoptosis. however, the mechanism of wa-induced apoptosis is not fully understood. the present study was designed to systematically determine the role of tumor suppressor p53 and estrogen receptor-a (er-a) in proapoptotic response to wa using mcf ... | 2011 | 21432907 |
| prevention of cadmium bioaccumulation by herbal adaptogens. | to evaluate the effect of various herbal adaptogens such as shade-dried powders of withania somnifera, ocimum sanctum, asperagus recemosus, andrographis paniculata, asphaltum panjabinum (shilajith), gymnema sylvestre, spirulina platensis, and panex ginseng on cadmium (cd)-induced oxidative stress and its accumulation in broiler chicken. | 2011 | 21455421 |
| rectal gel application of withania somnifera root extract expounds anti-inflammatory and muco-restorative activity in tnbs-induced inflammatory bowel disease. | abstract: | 2011 | 21527003 |
| withaferin a inhibits breast cancer invasion and metastasis at sub-cytotoxic doses by inducing vimentin disassembly and serine 56 phosphorylation. | withaferin a (wfa) is purified from the plant withania somnifera and inhibits the vimentin cytoskeleton. vimentin overexpression in cancer correlates with metastatic disease, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and reduced patient survival. as vimentin functions in cell motility, we wanted to test the hypothesis that wfa inhibits cancer metastasis by disrupting vimentin function. these data showed that wfa had weak cytotoxic and apoptotic activity at concentrations less than or equ ... | 2011 | 21538350 |
| ashwagandha leaf derived withanone protects normal human cells against the toxicity of methoxyacetic acid, a major industrial metabolite. | the present day lifestyle heavily depends on industrial chemicals in the form of agriculture, cosmetics, textiles and medical products. since the toxicity of the industrial chemicals has been a concern to human health, the need for alternative non-toxic natural products or adjuvants that serve as antidotes are in high demand. we have investigated the effects of ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (withania somnifera) leaf extract on methoxyacetic acid (maa) induced toxicity. maa is a major metabolite of ... | 2011 | 21573189 |
| a comparison of the immunostimulatory effects of the medicinal herbs echinacea, ashwagandha and brahmi. | aim of the study: herbs, as food or medicine, can strengthen the body and increase its resistance to illnesses by acting on various components of the immune system. for example, echinacea is noted for its ability to enhance immune function, primarily through activation of the innate immune responses. here, we investigated the potential for two herbs commonly found in india, ashwagandha (withania somnifera) and brahmi (bacopa monnieri), to enhance immune function and compared their effects to tha ... | 2011 | 21619924 |
| influence of macro elements and nitrogen source on adventitious root growth and withanolide-a production in withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | withania somnifera (l.) dunal. (indian ginseng) is an important medicinal plant which yields pharmaceutically active compounds, namely withanolides. this study deals with the optimisation of the adventitious root suspension culture of w. somnifera for the production of biomass and withanolide-a. we investigated the effects of macro elements (nh(4)no(3), kno(3), cacl(2), mgso(4) and kh(2)po(4)) and nitrogen source [ [image omitted]] of murashige and skoog (ms) medium on the accumulation of biomas ... | 2011 | 21644171 |
| protective effect of withania somnifera and cardiospermum halicacabum extracts against collagenolytic degradation of collagen. | the irreversible destruction of extracellular matrix (ecm) such as cartilage, tendon, and bone that comprise synovial joints is the hallmark of both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by over-expression of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-collagenases. we report herein the detailed study on the inhibitory effects of withania somnifera extract (wse) and cardiospermum halicacabum extract (che) on clostridium histolyticum collagenase (chc) activity against the degradation of the ecm component of ... | 2011 | 21789568 |
| behavioural and neurochemical evaluation of perment an herbal formulation in chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive model. | perment, a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation that contains equal parts of clitoria ternatea linn., withania somnifera dun., asparagus racemosus linn., bacopa monniera linn., is used clinically as mood elevators. the aim of the present study was to explore the behavioural effects and to understand possible mode of action of perment in stress induced depressive model. chronic unpredictable mild stress (cums) was used to induce depression in rats. open field exploratory behaviour, elevated plus maze ... | 2011 | 21614890 |
| protective effect of withania somnifera roots extract on hematoserological profiles against lead nitrate-induced toxicity in mice. | the in vivo protective role of hydro-methanolic root extract of withania somnifera (ws) was evaluated in alleviating lead nitrate (ln)-induced toxicity in male swiss albino mice by measuring hematoserological profiles. the lead-treated (20 mg/kg body wt, p.o.) albino mice (25-30 g) concurrently received the root extract (200 and 500 mg/kg body wt, p.o.) once daily for the duration of six weeks. animals exposed to ln showed significant (p < 0.001) decline in haemoglobin content, red blood cell co ... | 2012 | 23350281 |
| an overview on ashwagandha: a rasayana (rejuvenator) of ayurveda. | withania somnifera (ashawagandha) is very revered herb of the indian ayurvedic system of medicine as a rasayana (tonic). it is used for various kinds of disease processes and specially as a nervine tonic. considering these facts many scientific studies were carried out and its adaptogenic / anti-stress activities were studied in detail. in experimental models it increases the stamina of rats during swimming endurance test and prevented adrenal gland changes of ascorbic acid and cortisol content ... | 2011 | 22754076 |
| role of growth regulators on in vitro regeneration and histological analysis in indian ginseng (withania somnifera l.) dunal. | an efficient, rapid and improved in vitro plant regeneration protocol has been established for withania somnifera l. using shoot tip and nodal explants, excised from 15 days old aseptic seedlings. a range of cytokinins were investigated for multiple shoot regeneration. of the three cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (ba), kinetin (kin) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-ip) evaluated as supplement to murashige and skoog (ms) medium, ba at an optimal concentration of 2.5 μm was most effective in proliferating ... | 2011 | 23573041 |
| prophylactic effect of withania somnifera on inflammation in a non-autoimmune prone murine model of lupus. | the immunosuppressive properties of an aqueous suspension of withania somnifera (ws) root powder were investigated in a pristine induced female balb/c model of a systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) like disease. the course of disease is initiated by peritoneal inflammation caused by pristane which results in development of sle like symptoms, i.e. autoantibody production, proteinuria, and nephritis within a period of five to six months. the model of sle was established by injecting 0.5 ml of prist ... | 2011 | 22466301 |
| evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids of withania somnifera l. | in the present study antimicrobial activity of withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae) has been evaluated against selected pathogens. free and bound flavonoids of different parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) of w. somnifera have been studied for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion assay against three gram negative bacteria (escherichia coli mtcc 46, proteus mirabilis mtcc 3310 and pseudomonas aeruginosa mtcc 1934), one gram positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus mtcc 3160) and t ... | 2011 | 22707839 |
| In vitro cytotoxic screening of selected Saudi medicinal plants. | Many natural products from plants have been identified to exert anticancer activity. It might be expected to be a challenge to look at the Saudi plants in order to discover new sources for new molecules which may have anticancer activity. The methanolic extracts of forty species of plants traditionally used in Saudi Arabia for the treatment of a variety of diseases were tested in vitro for their potential anticancer activity on different human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of the met ... | 2011 | 21953271 |
| Computational evidence to inhibition of human acetyl cholinesterase by withanolide a for Alzheimer treatment. | Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia. So far only five drugs have been approved by US FDA that temporarily slow worsening of symptoms for about six to twelve months. The limited number of therapeutic options for AD drives the exploration of new drugs. Enhancement of the central cholinergic function by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is a prominent clinically effective approach for the treatment of AD. Recently withanolide A, a second ... | 2012 | 22208270 |
| Withaferin A induces p53-dependent apoptosis by repression of HPV oncogenes and upregulation of tumor suppressor proteins in human cervical cancer cells. | Cervical cancer is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) expressing E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which are known to inactivate tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb, respectively. Repression of HPV oncoproteins would therefore result in reactivation of tumor suppressor pathways and cause apoptosis in cancer cells. Withaferin A (WA), the active component of the medicinal plant Withania Somnifera, has exhibited inhibitory effects against several different cancers. We examined the activity of WA on huma ... | 2011 | 21859835 |
| combination of withaferin a and x-ray irradiation enhances apoptosis in u937 cells. | combined treatment with radiation has improved the outcome in various cancers and many radiosensitizers are used to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy. withaferin a (wit a), a natural compound derived from the medicinal plant withania somnifera, has been reported for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. in this study, we show that wit a enhances the ionizing radiation (ir)-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma u937 cells. wit a-enhanced ir-induced apoptosis is associated w ... | 2011 | 21964475 |
| ectopic overexpression of wssgtl1, a sterol glucosyltransferase gene in withania somnifera, promotes growth, enhances glycowithanolide and provides tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. | overexpression of sterol glycosyltransferase (sgtl1) gene of withania somnifera showing its involvement in glycosylation of withanolide that leads to enhanced growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. withania somnifera is widely used in ayurvedic medicines for over 3000 years due to its therapeutic properties. it contains a variety of glycosylated steroids called withanosides that possess neuroregenerative, adaptogenic, anticonvulsant, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. the ... | 2016 | 26518426 |
| antimicrobial activity of cream incorporated with silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from withania somnifera. | we report on the antimicrobial activity of a cream formulation of silver nanoparticles (agnps), biosynthesized using withania somnifera extract. aqueous extracts of leaves promoted efficient green synthesis of agnps compared to fruits and root extracts of w. somnifera. biosynthesized agnps were characterized for their size and shape by physical-chemical techniques such as uv-visible spectroscopy, laser doppler anemometry, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic for ... | 2015 | 26445537 |
| rnai-mediated gene silencing of wssgtl1 in w.somnifera affects growth and glycosylation pattern. | sterol glycosyltransferases (sgts) belong to family 1 of glycosyltransferases (gts) and are enzymes responsible for synthesis of sterol-glucosides (sgs) in many organisms. wssgtl1 is a sgt of withania somnifera that has been found associated with plasma membranes. however its biological function in w.somnifera is largely unknown. in the present study, we have demonstrated through rnai silencing of wssgtl1 gene that it performs glycosylation of withanolides and sterols resulting in glycowithanoli ... | 2015 | 26357855 |
| sonication, vacuum infiltration and thiol compounds enhance the agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequency of withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | in the present study, we have established a stable transformation protocol via agrobacterium tumafacines for the pharmaceutically important withania somnifera. six day-old nodal explants were used for 3 day co-cultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 harbouring the vector pcamiba2301. among the different injury treatments, sonication, vacuum infiltration and their combination treatments tested, a vacuum infiltration for 10 min followed by sonication for 10 sec with a. tumefacien ... | 2015 | 25927703 |
| [hair roots induction and culture of withania somnifera and its withanolide a synthesis]. | withanolide a is a biologically active secondary metabolite occuring in roots and leaves of withania somnifera. in the present study, adventitious roots from leaf explants of w. somnifera were induced for the production of withanolide-a by agrobacterium tumefaciens strain c58c1 to obtain hair roots. hair roots induction rate reached 30%. the withanolide a was determined by hplc in different hair roots lines and different parts of w. somnifera. the average content of withanolide a in all hair roo ... | 2014 | 25204166 |
| Inhibition of the emergence of multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Withania somnifera root extracts. | To search systematically for an alternative therapy with compounds particularly from plant origin. | 2011 | 22078956 |
| Withaferin A-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species. | Withaferin A (WA), a promising anticancer constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Withania somnifera, inhibits growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture and MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo in association with apoptosis induction, but the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. We now demonstrate, for the first time, that WA-induced apoptosis is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. WA treatment cause ... | 2011 | 21853114 |
| high catechin concentrations detected in withania somnifera (ashwagandha) by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. | withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of many diseases. the present study was carried out to characterize the phenolic acids, flavonoids and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (dpph) scavenging activities in methanolic extracts of w. somnifera fruits, roots and leaves (wsfet, wsret and wslet). | 2011 | 21854608 |
| Chemotypical variations in Withania somnifera lead to differentially modulated immune response in BALB/c mice. | Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a plant with known ethnomedicinal properties and its use in Ayurvedic medicine in India is well documented. The present investigation reports on immunomodulatory efficacy of aqueous-ethanol extracts of roots of three selected Withania somnifera chemotypes designated as NMITLI 101R, NMITLI 118R and NMITLI 128R. Each chemotype was administered 10-100mg/kg orally to BALB/c mice once daily for 14 days. The immunomodulatory consequences were recorded by determining ... | 2011 | 22182427 |
| immunomodulatory effect of withania somnifera supplementation diet in the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) against aeromonas hydrophila. | the effect of withania somnifera extract supplementation diets on innate immune response in giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) against aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. the bacterial clearance efficiency significantly increased in prawn fed with 0.1% and 1.0% doses of w. somnifera supplementation diet against pathogen from weeks 1-4 as compared to the control. the innate immune parameters such as, phenoloxidase activity, superoxide anion level, superoxide dismutase ac ... | 2012 | 22118967 |
| ameliorative effects of herbal combinations in hyperlipidemia. | the roots of glycyrrhiza glabra, withania somnifera, asparagus racemosus, and chlorophytum borivilianum and seeds of sesamum indicum are ayurvedic medicinal plants used in india to treat several ailments. our previous studies indicated that these plants possess hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential. the present study was aimed at investigating the composite effects of these plants on hypercholesterolemic rats. three different combinations (5 gm%, given for four weeks) used in this study effect ... | 2011 | 21941605 |
| withania somnifera extract attenuates stem cell factor-stimulated pigmentation in human epidermal equivalents through interruption of erk phosphorylation within melanocytes. | we previously demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) and camp response element-binding protein (creb) phosphorylation, is a major pathway involved in up-regulating melanogenesis within human melanocytes in several hyperpigmentary disorders such as uvb melanosis and lentigo senilis. recently, a redox imbalance was shown to be closely linked to a variety of altered cellular responses in which the precise ... | 2011 | 22086674 |
| Metabolic Characterization of Withania somnifera from Different Regions of India Using NMR Spectroscopy. | WITHANIA SOMNIFERA (L.) Dun. (Solanaceae), known as Indian ginseng, is one of the most popular medicinal plants in India. Considering the importance and common use of this plant, it is necessary to investigate its holistic metabolite profile. However, with existing analytical methods which are based on TLC and HPLC-UV (or MS), it is difficult to obtain information of the whole range of compounds appropriately. In this study, the metabolic characterization of WITHANIA SOMNIFERA leaves, stems, and ... | 2011 | 21728148 |
| in vitro anticancer activity of the root, stem and leaves of withania somnifera against various human cancer cell lines. | withania somnifera dunal know as ashwagandha belong solanaceae family. it is extensively used in most of the indian herbal pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. the current study, evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity in 50% ethanol extract of root, stem and leaves of withania somnifera against five human cancer cell lines of four different tissues i.e. pc-3, du-145 (prostrate), hct-15 (colon), a-549 (lung) and imr-32 (neuroblastoma). root, stem and leaves extracts showed cytotoxicity activity ranging 0- ... | 2010 | 21695006 |
| Investigation of neuropsychopharmacological effects of a polyherbal formulation on the learning and memory process in rats. | To investigate the neuropsychopharmacological effect of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) on the learning and memory processes in rats. | 2011 | 21731356 |
| withaferin a induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and down-regulation of bcl-2. | a high resistance and heterogeneous response to conventional anti-cancer chemotherapies characterize malignant cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer. withaferin a (wfa), a withanolide derived from the medicinal plant withania somnifera, has been reported for its anti-tumorigenic activity against various cancer cells. for the first time, we examined the death-inducing potential of wfa against a panel of four different human melanoma cells and investigated the cell ... | 2011 | 21710254 |
| an extract of withania somnifera attenuates endothelin-1-stimulated pigmentation in human epidermal equivalents through the interruption of pkc activity within melanocytes. | redox imbalances have been shown to be closely linked to a variety of altered cellular responses and profoundly affect intracellular signaling pathways, especially the pkc/mapk pathway which is a major pathway involved in regulating melanogenesis within human melanocytes. to elucidate the effects of redox balance regulation on epidermal hyperpigmentary disorders, an antioxidant-rich herb extract of withania somnifera was used to assess its effect on endothelin-1 (edn1)-stimulated pigmentation in ... | 2011 | 21678520 |
| effect of pueraria tuberosa tuber extract on chronic foot shock stress in wistar rats. | the present study was undertaken to explore the protective effects of tuberous root extract of pueraria tuberosa on chronic foot shock stress (cs) induced physiological, neurobehavioral and neuropathological alterations. male wistar rats (120-150 g) were divided into seven groups, consisting of ten animals in each. group i served as normal, group ii as positive control, while group iii-vii as test drug treated. p tuberosa tuber extract (pte) was given to rats of groups iii-vi at the doses of 50, ... | 2010 | 21744765 |
| a phytochemical investigation of withania somnifera tissue cultures. | | 2015 | 4453183 |
| molecular characterization of two a-type p450s, wscyp98a and wscyp76a from withania somnifera (l.) dunal: expression analysis and withanolide accumulation in response to exogenous elicitations. | pharmacological investigations position withanolides as important bioactive molecules demanding their enhanced production. therefore, one of the pivotal aims has been to gain knowledge about complete biosynthesis of withanolides in terms of enzymatic and regulatory genes of the pathway. however, the pathway remains elusive at the molecular level. p450s monooxygenases play a crucial role in secondary metabolism and predominantly help in functionalizing molecule core structures including withanoli ... | 2014 | 25416924 |
| methanolic extracts of withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities. | withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, is an important herb in ayurvedic and indigenous medical systems. the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of an 80% aqueous methanolic extract of w. somnifera roots (wsret), fruits (wsfet) and leaves (wslet). | 2012 | 23039061 |
| cloning, expression and characterization of l-asparaginase from withania somnifera l. for large scale production. | l-asparaginase (e.c. 3.5.1.1) is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. it is found in a variety of organisms such as microbes, plants and mammals. in plants, l-asparaginase enzymes are required to catalyze the release of ammonia from asparagine, which is the main nitrogen-relocation molecule in these organisms. an indian medicinal plant, withania somnifera was reported as a novel source of l-asparaginase. l-asparaginase from w. somnifera was clon ... | 2011 | 22558532 |
| comparative interactions of withanolides and sterols with two members of sterol glycosyltransferases from withania somnifera. | sterol glycosyltransferases (sgts) are ubiquitous but one of the most diverse group of enzymes of glycosyltransferases family. members of this family modulate physical and chemical properties of secondary plant products important for various physiological processes. the role of sgts has been demonstrated in the biosynthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules of medicinal plants like withania somnifera. | 2015 | 25888493 |
| elicitation approaches for withanolide production in hairy root culture of withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | withania somnifera (l.) dunal is a versatile medicinal plant extensively utilized for production of phytochemical drug preparations. the roots and whole plants are traditionally used in ayurveda, unani, and siddha medicines, as well as in homeopathy. several studies provide evidence for an array of pharmaceutical properties due to the presence of steroidal lactones named "withanolides." a number of research groups have focused their attention on the effects of biotic and abiotic elicitors on wit ... | 2016 | 26843160 |
| improved agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated hairy root culture system of withania somnifera (l.) dunal using sonication and heat treatment. | an improved agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated genetic transformation of withania somnifera (l.) dunal was developed using the bacterial strain r1000 with leaf segment explants of in vitro raised plantlets. out of the three strains used (r1000, mtcc 2364 and mtcc 532), the strain r1000 proved to be more efficient than others. among the different conditions tested, the highest (93.3 %) transformation rate was observed after 3 weeks when the explants were subjected to sonication (15 s) and heat tre ... | 2015 | 28324399 |
| carbohydrate and elicitor enhanced withanolide (withaferin a and withanolide a) accumulation in hairy root cultures of withania somnifera (l.). | leaves of withania somnifera contained more withaferin a and withanolide a than roots indicating that these compounds mainly accumulate in leaves. with an increase in age of the plant, withaferin a was enhanced with a corresponding decrease in withanolide a. hairy root cultures were induced from leaf explants using agrobacterium rhizogenes and the transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed by partial isolation and sequencing of rolb gene, which could not be amplified in untransformed plant p ... | 2012 | 22822528 |
| enhanced withanolide production by overexpression of squalene synthase in withania somnifera. | withania somnifera commonly known as ashwagandha, is held in high repute in traditional indian medicine, largely due to the presence of steroidal lactone phytocompounds collectively known as withanolides, such as withanolide a, withaferin a and withanone. these withanolides have diverse pharmacological properties and are prospective high-value drug candidates. to meet the ever-increasing demands of these compounds, plant cell technology offers a viable alternative. in this study, a key enzyme in ... | 2013 | 23313565 |
| leaf spot disease adversely affects human health-promoting constituents and withanolide biosynthesis in withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | the present work investigates the implication of leaf spot disease on the antioxidant potential and commercial value of pharmaceutically important constituents of withania somnifera, a high-valued medicinal plant. | 2017 | 27709727 |
| silencing of sterol glycosyltransferases modulates the withanolide biosynthesis and leads to compromised basal immunity of withania somnifera. | sterol glycosyltransferases (sgts) catalyse transfer of glycon moiety to sterols and their related compounds to produce diverse glyco-conjugates or steryl glycosides with different biological and pharmacological activities. functional studies of sgts from withania somnifera indicated their role in abiotic stresses but details about role under biotic stress are still unknown. here, we have elucidated the function of sgts by silencing sgtl1, sgtl2 and sgtl4 in withania somnifera. down-regulation o ... | 2016 | 27146059 |
| studies on leaf spot disease of withania somnifera and its impact on secondary metabolites. | during an investigation of the disease profile of withania somnifera, it was observed that leaf spot is the most prevalent disease. repeated isolations from infected leaf tissues and pathogenicity tests showed the association of fungal pathogen identified as alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler. scanning electron microscopy showed various histological changes in the leaf tissues of infected plants. a decrease in total content of reducing sugars (20%) and chlorophyll (26.5%) was observed in diseas ... | 2008 | 23100743 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of spices and medicinal herbs against selected microbes associated with juices. | in the present investigation, comparison of antimicrobial activities of different spices, curcuma longa, zingiber officinale, and mentha arvensis, and medicinal herbs, such as withania somnifera, rauvolfia serpentina, emblica officinalis, terminalia arjuna, and centella asiatica, was evaluated. different extraction solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol, and water) were used and extracts were examined against bacillus cereus, serratia sp., rhodotorula mucilaginosa, aspergillus flavus, and penicill ... | 2016 | 26880927 |
| a glycoprotein α-amylase inhibitor from withania somnifera differentially inhibits various α-amylases and affects the growth and development of tribolium castaneum. | identification and characterisation of plant defensive molecules enrich our resources to design crop protection strategies. in particular, plant-derived proteinaceous inhibitor(s) of insect digestive enzymes appear to be a safe, sustainable and attractive option. | 2016 | 27770482 |
| antiangiogenic-like properties of fermented extracts of ayurvedic medicinal plants. | the three ayurvedic medicinal plants, withania somnifera, emblica officinalis, and bacopa monnieri, were extracted by high-pressure static extraction using the zippertex(®) technology. the extracts were mixed to reach quantifiable amounts of active compounds identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (hplc-ms) analysis. the mixture of extracts was incubated with resting cells of the fungus beauveria bassiana atcc 7159. the fermentation promoted the fluidization of the st ... | 2015 | 25608021 |
| Insights from the molecular docking of withanolide derivatives to the target protein PknG from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. | A crucial virulence factor for intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival is Protein kinase G (PknG), a eukaryotic-like serinethreonine protein kinase expressed by pathogenic mycobacteria that blocks the intracellular degradation of mycobacteria in lysosomes. Inhibition of PknG results in mycobacterial transfer to lysosomes. Withania somnifera, a reputed herb in ayurvedic medicine, comprises a large number of steroidal lactones known as withanolides which show various pharmacological acti ... | 2011 | 21904430 |
| withania somnifera chemotypes nmitli 101r, nmitli 118r, nmitli 128r and withaferin a protect mastomys coucha from brugia malayi infection. | withania somnifera is an ayurvedic indian medicinal plant whose immunomodulatory activities have been widely used as a home remedy for several ailments. we recently observed immunostimulatory properties in the root extracts of chemotypes nmitli-101, nmitli-118, nmitli-128 and pure withanolide, withaferin a. in the present study, we evaluated the potential immunoprophylactic efficacies of these extracts against an infective pathogen. our results show that administration of aqueous ethanol extract ... | 2012 | 22394222 |
| identification of antifungal principle in the solvent extract of an endophytic fungus chaetomium globosum from withania somnifera. | extracts of chaetomium globosum ef18, isolated as endophytic fungus from withania somnifera, were found effective against sclerotinia sclerotiorum. ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were more effective than hexane extract showing >80% growth inhibition. bioactive compound (antibiotic sch 210971, m/z 445 and λmax 290) having antifungal activity against s. sclerotiorum has been isolated in pure form from the ethyl acetate extract following bioassay guided fractionation. apart from this compound ... | 2013 | 23519550 |
| natural product htp screening for antibacterial (e.coli 0157:h7) and anti-inflammatory agents in (lps from e. coli o111:b4) activated macrophages and microglial cells; focus on sepsis. | acute systemic inflammatory response syndrome arising from infection can lead to multiple organ failure and death, with greater susceptibility occurring in immunocompromised individuals. moreover, sub-acute chronic inflammation is a contributor to the pathology of diverse degenerative diseases (parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease and arthritis). given the known limitations in western medicine to treat a broad range of inflammatory related illness as well as the emergence of antibiotic resis ... | 2016 | 27846826 |
| light and auxin responsive cytochrome p450s from withania somnifera dunal: cloning, expression and molecular modelling of two pairs of homologue genes with differential regulation. | cytochrome p450s (cyps) catalyse a wide variety of oxygenation/hydroxylation reactions that facilitate diverse metabolic functions in plants. specific cyp families are essential for the biosynthesis of species-specialized metabolites. therefore, we investigated the role of different cyps related to secondary metabolism in withania somnifera, a medicinally important plant of the indian subcontinent. in this study, complete complementary dnas (cdnas) of four different cyp genes were isolated and c ... | 2015 | 25687294 |
| a highly stable cu/zn superoxide dismutase from withania somnifera plant: gene cloning, expression and characterization of the recombinant protein. | a gene from withania somnifera (winter cherry), encoding a highly stable chloroplastic cu/zn superoxide dismutase (sod), was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant enzyme (specific activity of-á~4,200 u mg(-1)) was purified and characterized. it retained-á~90 and-á~70% residual activities after 1-áh at 80 and 95-¦c, respectively. at 95-¦c, thermal inactivation rate constant (k (d)) of the enzyme was 2.46-á+ù-á10(-3) min(-1) and half-life of heat inactivation was 4.68-áh. the e ... | 2011 | 21695487 |
| in vitro antibacterial effect of withania somnifera root extract on escherichia coli. | the aim was to investigate antibacterial activity of withania somnifera (ashwagandha), an indian traditional medicinal plant against escherichia coli o78, a pathogenic strain. | 2015 | 27046997 |
| [a c28-steroidlacton from the roots of withania somnifera (author's transl)]. | | 2014 | 4779643 |
| effect of withania somnifera extracts on some selective biochemical, hematological, and immunological parameters in guinea pigs experimental infected with e. coli. | fifty 1-2-month-old guinea pigs were divided into 5 equal groups, 10 each. control (gp1) did receive neither viable bacteria nor treatment. each animal from the other groups (gp2-5) was challenged with (1-2 × 10(8)) viable e. coli in 200 μ l normal saline (0.9%) through ip route. gp2 infected group was treated with 200 μ l saline ip and kept as positive control group. gp3-4 are infected and treated with withania somnifera (ethanol root extract) with doses 50 and 100 mg/kg. bw, respectively. gp ... | 2013 | 23738137 |
| chemical and pharmacological standardization of ashwagandhadi lehyam: an ayurvedic formulation. | standardization is an important measurement for ensuring the quality control of herbal drugs. it has become essential to develop reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods. one of the prime ingredients of ashwagandhadi lehyam is withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae) (ashwagandha). in the present study, ashwagandhadi lehyam was formulated and the quality assessment of the formulation was based on phytochemical screening and physico-chemical evaluation. ashwagandhadi lehyam was fo ... | 2013 | 24127547 |
| tropine forming tropinone reductase gene from withania somnifera (ashwagandha): biochemical characteristics of the recombinant enzyme and novel physiological overtones of tissue-wide gene expression patterns. | withania somnifera is one of the most reputed medicinal plants of indian systems of medicine synthesizing diverse types of secondary metabolites such as withanolides, alkaloids, withanamides etc. present study comprises cloning and e. coli over-expression of a tropinone reductase gene (wstr-i) from w. somnifera, and elucidation of biochemical characteristics and physiological role of tropinone reductase enzyme in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in aerial tissues of the plant. the recombinant enzym ... | 2013 | 24086372 |
| functional characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase gene from withania somnifera (ashwagandha). | glycosylation of flavonoids is mediated by family 1 uridine diphosphate (udp)-dependent glycosyltransferases (ugts). until date, there are few reports on functionally characterized flavonoid glycosyltransferases from withania somnifera. in this study, we cloned the glycosyltransferase gene from w. somnifera (ugt73a16) showing 85-92 % homology with ugts from other plants. ugt73a16 was expressed as a his(6)-tagged fusion protein in escherichia coli. several compounds, including flavonoids, were sc ... | 2013 | 23609908 |
| characterization of sterol glucosyltransferase from salinispora tropica cnb-440: potential enzyme for the biosynthesis of sitosteryl glucoside. | a sterol glucosyltransferase-encoded gene was isolated from salinispora tropica cnb-440, a marine, sediment-dwelling, gram positive bacterium that produces the potent anticancer compound, salinosporamide a. the full-length gene consists of 1284 nucleotides and encodes 427 amino acids with a calculated mass of 45.65kda. the gene was then cloned and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). the amino acid sequence shares 39% similarity with the glycosyltransferase from withania somni ... | 2013 | 23540924 |
| nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase: molecular cloning and functional characterization of two paralogs from withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | withania somnifera (l.) dunal, a highly reputed medicinal plant, synthesizes a large array of steroidal lactone triterpenoids called withanolides. although its chemical profile and pharmacological activities have been studied extensively during the last two decades, limited attempts have been made to decipher the biosynthetic route and identification of key regulatory genes involved in withanolide biosynthesis. cytochrome p450 reductase is the most imperative redox partner of multiple p450s invo ... | 2013 | 23437311 |
| molecular characterization and promoter analysis of squalene epoxidase gene from withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | withania somnifera is a rich reservoir of pharmaceutically active steroidal lactones known as withanolides. the plant is well characterized in terms of its chemistry and pharmacology, but very little is known about the pathway involved in the biosynthesis of withanolides. the present investigation describes the cloning, characterization and expression of squalene epoxidase (se) gene from w. somnifera. se (sqe; ec. 1.14.99.7) is one of the rate limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid ... | 2013 | 23065254 |
| cloning and functional characterization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase gene from withania somnifera: an important medicinal plant. | withania somnifera (l.) dunal is one of the most valuable medicinal plants synthesizing a large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides, the c28-steroidal lactones derived from triterpenoids. though the plant has been well characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, not much is known about the biosynthetic pathway and genes responsible for biosynthesis of these compounds. in this study, we have characterized the ge ... | 2013 | 22936023 |
| sterol glycosyltransferases-identification of members of gene family and their role in stress in withania somnifera. | sterol glycosyltransferases (sgts) catalyze the transfer of sugar molecules to diverse sterol molecules, leading to a change in their participation in cellular metabolism. withania somnifera is a medicinal plant rich in sterols, sterol glycosides and steroidal lactones. sterols and their modified counterparts are medicinally important and play a role in adaptation of the plant to stress conditions. we have identified 3 members of sgt gene family through race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) in ... | 2012 | 22744427 |
| functional characterization and differential expression studies of squalene synthase from withania somnifera. | squalene synthase (sqs: ec 2.5.1.21) is a potential branch point regulatory enzyme and represents the first committed step to diverge the carbon flux from the main isoprenoid pathway towards sterol biosynthesis. in the present study, cloning and characterization of withania somnifera squalene synthase (wssqs) cdna was investigated subsequently followed by its heterologous expression and preliminary enzyme activity. two different types of wssqs cdna clones (wssqs1and wssqs2) were identified that ... | 2012 | 22718506 |
| molecular cloning, bacterial expression and promoter analysis of squalene synthase from withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is a rich repository of large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides. though the plant has been well characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, but there is sparse information about the genes responsible for biosynthesis of these compounds. in this study, we have cloned and characterized a gene encoding squalene synthase (ec 2.5.1.21) from a withaferin a rich variety of w. somnife ... | 2012 | 22425978 |
| promising anti-influenza properties of active constituent of withania somnifera ayurvedic herb in targeting neuraminidase of h1n1 influenza: computational study. | neuraminidase (na) is a membrane surface antigen which helps in the release of influenza viruses from the host cells after replication. anti-influenza drugs such as zanamivir bind with eight highly conserved functional residues (r118, d151, r152, r224, e276, r292, r371, and y406) in the active site of na, thus restricting the viral release the from host cells. binding of the drug in active site inhibits the ability of enzyme to cleave sialic acid residues on the cell membrane. reports on the eme ... | 2015 | 25627548 |
| withaferin a inhibits helicobacter pylori-induced production of il-1β in dendritic cells by regulating nf-κb and nlrp3 inflammasome activation. | helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. there is evidence that il-1β is associated with the development of gastric cancer. therefore, downregulation of h. pylori-mediated il-1β production may be a way to prevent gastric cancer. withaferin a (wa), a withanolide purified from withania somnifera, is known to exert anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. in the present study, we explored the inhibitory activity of wa on h. pylori-induce ... | 2015 | 26770181 |
| withania somnifera chemotype nmitli 101r significantly increases the efficacy of antileishmanial drugs by generating strong ifn-γ and il-12 mediated immune responses in leishmania donovani infected hamsters. | withania somnifera (l.) dunal (solanaceae), commonly known as ashwagandha, is one of the most important medicinal plant in the traditional indian medical systems. pharmacological studies have established that root extracts of w. somnifera contain several bioactive constituents called withanolides. the plant has long been used for its several beneficial properties and recently as an immunomodulator. | 2017 | 28160866 |
| exploring the inhibitory activity of withaferin-a against pteridine reductase-1 of l. donovani. | withaferin a is an abundant withanolide present in withania somnifera leaves and to some extent in roots. it has been known for its profound anti-cancer properties, but its role in counteracting the leishmania donovani infection has to be explored. pteridine reductase 1 (ptr1) is involved in pteridine salvage and an important enzyme for the parasite growth, which could be targeted for the development of an efficient antileishmanial drug. we employed molecular docking studies to identify the bind ... | 2016 | 26406482 |
| protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis by immunostimulation with herbal drugs derived from withania somnifera and asparagus racemosus. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a vector-borne parasitic disease targeting tissue macrophages. it is among the most neglected infectious diseases. as available therapeutics for treatment of this disease have many side effects, there is a need for safer alternatives. one of the immunopathological consequences of active visceral leishmaniasis is suppression of protective t-helper (th)-1 cells and induction of disease-promoting th-2 cells, and thus the treatment of vl relies on immunomodulation. in ... | 2014 | 25082945 |
| efficacy of withania somnifera chemotypes nmitli - 101r, 118r and withaferin a against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | the immunoprophylactic and therapeutic potentials of root extracts of withania somnifera chemotypes (nmitli-118, nmitli-101) and pure withanolide-withaferin a was investigated against leishmania donovani infection in hamsters. the naive animals, fed orally with immunostimulatory doses of chemotypes 101r, 118r (10 and 3 mg/kg) and withaferin a (9 and 3 mg/kg) for five consecutive days and challenged with leishmania parasites on day 6, were euthanized on days 30 and 45 p.c. for the assessment of p ... | 2014 | 24830833 |
| studies on the protective and immunomodulatory efficacy of withania somnifera along with cisplatin against experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar continues to persist as one of the major public health problems in many tropical countries. however, no effective treatment for cure of the disease is yet available. the present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective and immunomodulatory effect of withania somnifera in cisplatin-treated leishmania donovani-infected balb/c mice. administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) daily for 5 days, i.p.) reduced the parasite load in l. ... | 2013 | 23519426 |
| an in vitro study of apoptotic like death in leishmania donovani promastigotes by withanolides. | the aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the withanolides in inducing apoptotic like death in leishmania donovani in vitro. withanolides were fractionated and isolated from the leaves of withania somnifera and lc-ms/ms analysis of two fractions namely, f5 and f6 of ethanolic extracts, obtained through column chromatography with silica gel, was performed. the antileishmanial effect of withanolides on l. donovani promastigotes was assessed in vitro using pi dye exclusion test. the effect ... | 2013 | 23416156 |
| wsa206, a paralog of duplicated mpf2-like mads-box family is recruited in fertility function in withania. | best known for their implication in calyx inflation, mpf2-like genes pertinent to the stmads11 clade of the mads-box family exert their functions in leaf development, flowering time, inflorescence architecture and floral reversion to just name but a few. however, our knowledge about their involvement in fertility function remained obscure. therefore the major thrust of this study was to probe the recruitment of wsa206 (mpf2-like) protein in fertility function. the wsa206 functions were revealed ... | 2016 | 27968991 |
| wsmago2, a duplicated mago nashi protein with fertility attributes interacts with mpf2-like mads-box proteins. | wsmago2 a duplicated protein in withania through interactions with mpf2-like proteins affects male fertility by producing fewer flowers and aborted non-viable pollens/seeds regulated by anther-specific gaatttgtga motif. the mago nashis are highly conserved genes that encode proteins known to be involved in rna physiology and many other developmental processes including germ cell differentiation in animals. however, their structural and functional implications in plants as fertility function prot ... | 2015 | 25630441 |
| cloning and functional characterization of three branch point oxidosqualene cyclases from withania somnifera (l.) dunal. | oxidosqualene cyclases (oscs) positioned at a key metabolic subdividing junction execute indispensable enzymatic cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene for varied triterpenoid biosynthesis. such branch points present favorable gene targets for redirecting metabolic flux toward specific secondary metabolites. however, detailed information regarding the candidate oscs covering different branches and their regulation is necessary for the desired genetic manipulation. the aim of the present study, therefo ... | 2014 | 24770414 |
| antimicrobial activity and probable mechanisms of action of medicinal plants of kenya: withania somnifera, warbugia ugandensis, prunus africana and plectrunthus barbatus. | withania somnifera, warbugia ugandensis, prunus africana and plectrunthus barbatus are used traditionally in kenya for treatment of microbial infections and cancer. information on their use is available, but scientific data on their bioactivity, safety and mechanisms of action is still scanty. a study was conducted on the effect of organic extracts of these plants on both bacterial and fungal strains, and their mechanisms of action. extracts were evaluated through the disc diffusion assay. bacte ... | 2013 | 23785437 |