| efficacy of the lousebuster, a new medical device for treating head lice (anoplura:pediculidae). | human head lice (pediculus humanus capitis de geer) occur worldwide and infest millions of children and adults every year. head lice infestations, which are known as pediculosis capitis, are psychologically stressful, physically irritating, and are one of the leading causes of k-6 school absence. the prevalence of head lice in many countries is increasing rapidly because of resistance to chemicals used in many head lice treatments. we tested the efficacy of an alternative method for controlling ... | 2011 | 21337950 |
| acaricidal, pediculocidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized zno nanoparticles using wet chemical route against blood feeding parasites. | the present study was based on assessments of the anti-parasitic activities to determine the efficacies of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) prepared by wet chemical method using zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide as precursors and soluble starch as stabilizing agent against the larvae of cattle tick rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, canestrini (acari: ixodidae); head louse pediculus humanus capitis, de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae); larvae of malaria vector, anopheles subpictu ... | 2011 | 21340566 |
| ovicidal effects of a neem seed extract preparation on eggs of body and head lice. | the eggs (nits) of head and body lice (pediculus humanus capitis, pediculus humanus corporis) were incubated for 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 or 45 min into a neem seed extract contained in a fine shampoo formulation (e.g. wash away® louse), which is known for its significant killing effects of larvae and adults of head lice. the aim of the study was to test whether the developmental stages inside the eggs are also killed after the incubation into the shampoo. it was found that an incubation time of only 5 ... | 2011 | 21484346 |
| contact and fumigant toxicity of hexane flower bud extract of syzygium aromaticum and its compounds against pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae). | the head lice, pediculus humanus capitis de geer is an obligate ectoparasite of humans that causes pediculosis capitis, a nuisance for millions of people worldwide, with high prevalence in children. p. humanus capitis has been treated by methods that include the physical remotion of lice, various domestic treatments, and conventional insecticides. none of these methods render complete protection, and there is clear evidence for the evolution of resistance and cross-resistance to conventional ins ... | 2011 | 21541752 |
| [in vitro efficacy of three novel delousing formulations against the head louse (pediculus capitis l.)]. | a total of 498 head lice (2nd and 3rd instar larvae, females and males) combed out of the hair of 38 children, were exposed to the delousing formulations diffusil h forte spray (carbaryl 1%), diffusil care (isopropyl myristate, cyclomethicone, and dimethiconol) and paranit (coconut oil, anise oil, and ylang ylang oil) in in vitro tests. the first two formulations, i. e. diffusil h forte spray and diffusil care, caused 100% mortality of exposed lice, while paranit only killed 12.2% of exposed lic ... | 2011 | 21542235 |
| of lice and math: using models to understand and control populations of head lice. | in this paper we use detailed data about the biology of the head louse (pediculus humanus capitis) to build a model of the evolution of head lice colonies. using theory and computer simulations, we show that the model can be used to assess the impact of the various strategies usually applied to eradicate head lice, both conscious (treatments) and unconscious (grooming). in the case of treatments, we study the difference in performance that arises when they are applied in systematic and non-syste ... | 2011 | 21799752 |
| The Prevalence of Pediculus humanus capitis in Two Primary Schools of Hacilar, Kayseri. | Objective: Pediculosis capitis is a worldwide public health concern, and today, head lice are seen in all socio-economic levels. The infestation usually occurs by head-to-head contact and children, primarily girls, aged 3-12 years are mostly affected. In the present study a total of 405 pupils (214 boys and 191 girls) from two pre- and primary schools in the Kayseri-Hacilar region were examined for pediculosis capitis during March 2010. Methods: Lice and/or eggs were dete ... | 2011 | 22203505 |
| an ex vivo, assessor blind, randomised, parallel group, comparative efficacy trial of the ovicidal activity of three pediculicides after a single application--melaleuca oil and lavender oil, eucalyptus oil and lemon tea tree oil, and a "suffocation" pediculicide. | there are two components to the clinical efficacy of pediculicides: (i) efficacy against the crawling-stages (lousicidal efficacy); and (ii) efficacy against the eggs (ovicidal efficacy). lousicidal efficacy and ovicidal efficacy are confounded in clinical trials. here we report on a trial that was specially designed to rank the clinical ovicidal efficacy of pediculicides. eggs were collected, pre-treatment and post-treatment, from subjects with different types of hair, different coloured hair a ... | 2011 | 21864348 |
| severe head lice infestation in an andean mummy of arica, chile. | abstract pediculus humanus capitis is an ancient human parasite, probably inherited from pre-hominid times. infestation appears as a recurrent health problem throughout history, including pre-columbian populations. we describe and discuss the occurrence of pre-columbian pediculosis in the andean region of the atacama desert. using light microscope and scanning electron microscopy, we studied a highly-infested maitas chiribaya mummy from arica in northern chile, dating to 670-990 calibrated yr ... | 2011 | 22010860 |
| [prevalence of head lice in some primary schools in iğdır province]. | objective: this study was carried out to detect the prevalence and evaluate risk factors of pediculus capitis infestation in four primary schools in iğdır in april and may, 2010. methods: the study was performed on 2222 students (6-15 years old), 1116 female and 1106 male. the hair of the students, especially from the neck and back of the head, were examined for egg, nymph and imago of p. capitis. the samples taken from the students were brought to the medical laboratory ... | 2011 | 22198918 |
| Lousicidal activity of synthesized silver nanoparticles using Lawsonia inermis leaf aqueous extract against Pediculus humanus capitis and Bovicola ovis. | In the present work, we describe inexpensive, nontoxic, unreported and simple procedure for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using leaf aqueous extract of Lawsonia inermis as eco-friendly reducing and capping agent. The aim of the present study was to assess the lousicidal activity of synthesized Ag NPs against human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer (Phthiraptera: Pediculidae), and sheep body louse, Bovicola ovis Schrank (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae). Direct contact metho ... | 2011 | 21993881 |
| Comparative efficacy of new commercial pediculicides against adults and eggs of Pediculus humanus capitis (head lice). | The use of pyrethroids to control head louse infestations have suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the development of resistance. In the last past years, several new alternative products to synthetic pyrethroids have been developed and are sold in the Argentinean market against head lice. The present study investigated the efficacy of two new Argentinean products Nopucid Qubit® and Nopucid Bio Citrus® and its comparison with two reference products Nyda® and Hedrin®. Nopucid Qubit® is a ... | 2011 | 21984369 |
| the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis and the coexistence of intestinal parasites in young children in boarding schools in sivas, turkey. | the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis and the coexistence of intestinal parasites in boarding primary schools in sivas, turkey. seven hundred seventy-two students (350 [45.3%] girls, 422 [54.7%] boys) were evaluated with combing for the presence of head lice, collection of fecal samples, and examination of the perianal region for intestinal parasites using the cellophane tape method. the overall infestation rate for head lice was 6% (n = 46). nine c ... | 2011 | 22107034 |
| human pediculosis: a critical health problem and what about nursing policy? | lice infestation on the human body (also known as pediculosis) is very common. cases number in the hundreds of millions worldwide. three distinct presentations of lice infection exist and each is caused by a unique parasite. head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) is by far and away the most common infestation and favors no particular socioeconomic group. a genetically close "cousin," pediculus humanus corporis, is responsible for body lice and is more commonly associated with poverty, overcrowdin ... | 2012 | 23469630 |
| carbapenem resistance and acinetobacter baumannii in senegal: the paradigm of a common phenomenon in natural reservoirs. | incidence of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii is rising in several parts of the world. in africa, data concerning this species and its resistance to carbapenems are limited. the objective of the present study was to identify the presence of a. baumannii carbapenem-resistant encoding genes in natural reservoirs in senegal, where antibiotic pressure is believed to be low. from october 2010 to january 2011, 354 human head lice, 717 human fecal samples and 118 animal fecal samples were s ... | 2012 | 22745768 |
| head lice surveillance on a deregulated otc-sales market: a study using web query data. | the head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, is an obligate ectoparasite that causes infestations of humans. studies have demonstrated a correlation between sales figures for over-the-counter (otc) treatment products and the number of humans with head lice. the deregulation of the swedish pharmacy market on july 1, 2009, decreased the possibility to obtain complete sale figures and thereby the possibility to obtain yearly trends of head lice infestations. in the presented study we wanted to invest ... | 2012 | 23144923 |
| heteroplasmy in the mitochondrial genomes of human lice and ticks revealed by high throughput sequencing. | the typical mitochondrial (mt) genomes of bilateral animals consist of 37 genes on a single circular chromosome. the mt genomes of the human body louse, pediculus humanus, and the human head louse, pediculus capitis, however, are extensively fragmented and contain 20 minichromosomes, with one to three genes on each minichromosome. heteroplasmy, i.e. nucleotide polymorphisms in the mt genome within individuals, has been shown to be significantly higher in the mt cox1 gene of human lice than in hu ... | 2013 | 24058467 |
| nuclear genetic diversity in human lice (pediculus humanus) reveals continental differences and high inbreeding among worldwide populations. | understanding the evolution of parasites is important to both basic and applied evolutionary biology. knowledge of the genetic structure of parasite populations is critical for our ability to predict how an infection can spread through a host population and for the design of effective control methods. however, very little is known about the genetic structure of most human parasites, including the human louse (pediculus humanus). this species is composed of two ecotypes: the head louse (pediculus ... | 2013 | 23460886 |
| substantial variation in the extent of mitochondrial genome fragmentation among blood-sucking lice of mammals. | blood-sucking lice of humans have extensively fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes. human head louse and body louse have their 37 mt genes on 20 minichromosomes. in human pubic louse, the 34 mt genes known are on 14 minichromosomes. to understand the process of mt genome fragmentation in the blood-sucking lice of mammals, we sequenced the mt genomes of the domestic pig louse, haematopinus suis, and the wild pig louse, h. apri, which diverged from human lice approximately 65 ma. the 37 mt genes ... | 0 | 23781098 |
| high ancient genetic diversity of human lice, pediculus humanus, from israel reveals new insights into the origin of clade b lice. | the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, is subdivided into several significantly divergent mitochondrial haplogroups, each with particular geographical distributions. historically, they are among the oldest human parasites, representing an excellent marker for tracking older events in human evolutionary history. in this study, ancient dna analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr), combined with conventional pcr, was applied to the remains of twenty-four ancient head lice ... | 2016 | 27741281 |
| differential gene expression in laboratory strains of human head and body lice when challenged with bartonella quintana, a pathogenic bacterium. | human head and body lice are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites that belong to a single species, pediculus humanus. only body lice, however, are vectors of the infectious gram-negative bacterium bartonella quintana. because of their near identical genomes, yet differential vector competence, head and body lice provide a unique model system to study the gain or loss of vector competence. using our in vitro louse-rearing system, we infected head and body lice with blood containing b. quintana ... | 2014 | 24404961 |
| head lice of pygmies reveal the presence of relapsing fever borreliae in the republic of congo. | head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, occur in four divergent mitochondrial clades (a, b, c and d), each having particular geographical distributions. recent studies suggest that head lice, as is the case of body lice, can act as a vector for louse-borne diseases. therefore, understanding the genetic diversity of lice worldwide is of critical importance to our understanding of the risk of louse-borne diseases. | 2016 | 27911894 |
| evaluation of quality and efficacy of an ethnomedicinal plant ageratum conyzoides l. in the management of pediculosis. | infestation with the head louse, pediculus humanus capitis, is one of the most common parasitic infestations of human worldwide. traditionally, the main treatment for control of head lice is chemical control that includes wide variety of neurotoxic synthetic insecticides. the main difficulty posed in controlling the head louse infestation is increasing lice resistance to synthetic pediculicidal drugs. plant-based drugs; especially essential oil components and standardized extracts have been sugg ... | 2013 | 24563592 |
| solanum trilobatum extract-mediated synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to control pediculus humanus capitis, hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and anopheles subpictus. | titanium dioxide nanoparticles (tio2 nps) are widely used in paints, printing ink, rubber, paper, cosmetics, sunscreens, car materials, cleaning air products, industrial photocatalytic processes, and decomposing organic matters in wastewater due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. the present study was conducted to assess the antiparasitic efficacies of synthesized tio2 nps utilizing leaf aqueous extract of solanum trilobatum against the adult head louse, pediculus hum ... | 2014 | 24265057 |
| head louse control by suffocation due to blocking their oxygen uptake. | the present study shows that head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) are killed by suffocation when submersed into the anti-louse shampoo licener®, which contains a mild shampoo component and an extract of neem seeds after their oil components had been pressed off. it is shown that the inner tracheal system becomes completely filled by the very fluid product. within 3-10 min, oxygen uptake is prohibited and death of all thus treated lice stages occurred. | 2015 | 25990060 |
| pediculicidal effect of herbal shampoo against pediculus humanus capitis in vitro. | human head lice infestation is an important public health problem in thailand. lice resistance is increasing, chemical pediculicides have lost their efficacy and thus alternative products such as herbal shampoos have been proposed to treat lice infestation. the present study investigated the efficacy of twenty nine herbal shampoos based on zinbiberaceae plants, piperaceae plants and native plants against human head lice and compared them with malathion shampoo (a-lices shampoo®: 1% w/v malathion ... | 2013 | 23959497 |
| use of a poultry model to assess the transfer inhibition effect of head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) products. | head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) remain a nuisance, predominantly in school age children. despite the availability of pediculicidal products, children, after treatment, easily become re-infested if the outbreak has not been controlled on a class or school level. lice repellents and re-infestation deterrents have been developed to protect children post-treatment. in vitro assays, which are used to evaluate the performance of these products, have limited correlation to in vivo efficacy. in th ... | 2014 | 24647985 |
| the mitochondrial genome of the chimpanzee louse, pediculus schaeffi: insights into the process of mitochondrial genome fragmentation in the blood-sucking lice of great apes. | blood-sucking lice in the genera pediculus and pthirus are obligate ectoparasites of great apes. unlike most bilateral animals, which have 37 mitochondrial (mt) genes on a single circular chromosome, the sucking lice of humans have extensively fragmented mt genomes. the head louse, pediculus capitis, and the body louse, pe. humanus, have their 37 mt genes on 20 minichromosomes. the pubic louse, pthirus pubis, has its 34 mt genes known on 14 minichromosomes. to understand the process of mt genome ... | 2015 | 26335315 |
| molecular markers of pesticide resistance and pathogens in human head lice (phthiraptera: pediculidae) from rural georgia, usa. | although the head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer, and body louse, pediculus humanus humanus l., both have a worldwide distribution, the occurrence of head louse pediculosis appears to be more prevalent in modern societies despite systematic use of various pediculicides. this study tested head lice collected in rural georgia and body lice collected in russia for the prevalence of a kdr-biomarker that is associated with permethrin resistance. this study also screened lice for the presenc ... | 2017 | 28399311 |
| human head lice and pubic lice reveal the presence of several acinetobacter species in algiers, algeria. | there are two majorspecies of medically important lice that parasitize humans: phthirus pubis, found in pubic hair, and pediculus humanus. pediculus humanus consists of two eco types that live in specific niches on the human host: body lice (pediculus humanus humanus), found on the human body and clothing, and head lice (pediculus humanus capitis), found on the scalp. to date, only body lice are known to be vectors of human disease; however, it has recently been reported that the dna of several ... | 2017 | 28750865 |
| chemical composition and efficacy of some selected plant oils against pediculus humanus capitis in vitro. | natural compounds have been suggested as alternative sources for pediculosis capitis control. we aimed to investigate the chemical composition and evaluate the pediculicidal activity of spearmint, clove, cassia, thyme, eucalyptus, and anise essential oils in addition to sesame oil against human head lice in vitro. a filter paper contact bioassay method was used by applying 0.25 and 0.5 mg/cm(2) of each tested oil to filter paper in petri dishes with 15 females head lice and another with ten nits ... | 0 | 27112758 |
| comparing the efficacy of commercially available insecticide and dimeticone based solutions on head lice, pediculus capitis: in vitro trials. | head lice infestation is a public health and social problem for almost all countries worldwide. for its treatment, insecticide and dimeticone-based solutions are currently available in the markets in many countries. we aimed to compare the efficacy of commercially available anti-head lice shampoos containing insecticide and physically effective products with different percentages of dimeticone using an in vitro technique. | 0 | 26809918 |
| the potential application of plant essential oils to control pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae). | the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis (anoplura: pediculidae), is an ectoparasite confined to the scalp and human hairs. the repeated use of insecticides for the control of head lice during past decades has resulted in the development of marked levels of resistance. natural compounds such as essential oils (eos) have been suggested as alternative sources for insect control agents. in order to introduce a new pediculicide based on eos, the effectiveness of the product and their effects ... | 0 | 26462802 |
| in vitro investigation of the pediculicidal activities of the volatile oil components of some medical plants raised in turkey. | the human head louse pediculus capitis has recently acquired resistance to commercially available insecticides, which has expanded the search concerning the pediculicidal activities of some herbal products. the present study aimed to assess the in vitro pediculicidal activities of volatile oils extracted from 10 medical plants raised in turkey: rosa damascena (red provins rose), pelargonium graveolens (geranium), lavandula angustifolia (lavender), salvia triloba (salvia), rosmarinus officinalis ... | 2017 | 29318991 |
| acaricidal, pediculicidal and larvicidal activity of synthesized zno nanoparticles using momordica charantia leaf extract against blood feeding parasites. | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the acaricidal, pediculicidal and larvicidal effect of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) using momordica charantia leaf extract against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, adult of pediculus humanus capitis, and the larvae of anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus. the zno nps were characterized by using uv, xrd, ftir and sem-edx. the sem image confirms that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical in shape with a ... | 2017 | 28760358 |
| response of pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae) to volatiles of whole and individual components of the human scalp. | the head louse pediculus humanus capitis (de geer) (phthiraptera: pediculidae) is a cosmopolitan human ectoparasite causing pediculosis, one of the most common arthropod parasitic conditions of humans. the mechanisms and/or chemicals involved in host environment recognition by head lice are still unknown. in this study, we evaluated the response of head lice to volatiles that emanate from the human scalp. in addition, we identified the volatile components of the odor and evaluated the attractive ... | 2018 | 29365156 |
| what's eating you? head lice (pediculus humanus capitis). | the head louse (pediculus humanus capitis) is a blood-sucking arthropod of the suborder anoplura. infestation continues in epidemic proportions in children of all socioeconomic groups. although not implicated as a disease vector, infestation can lead to considerable distress, missed days of school, and secondary infections. pyrethroids are recommended for treatment, but resistance is common. newer agents, including benzyl alcohol and spinosad, have been developed to address this gap in care. | 2017 | 29360900 |
| in vitro efficacy of five essential oils against pediculus humanus capitis. | treatment of head lice has relied mainly on the use of topical insecticides. today, conventional topical pediculicides have suffered considerable loss of activity worldwide. there is increasing interest in the use of natural products such as essential oils for head louse control, and many of them are now incorporated into various over-the-counter products presented as pediculicides, often without proper evaluation. the aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro efficacy of five essentia ... | 2018 | 29264717 |
| the epidemic typhus and trench fever are risk for public health due to increased migration in southeast of turkey. | pediculus humanus capitis is a small ectoparasitic insect that has lived and feds on human beings for thousands of years. molecular techniques have been used for pediculus species identification and evolutionary, phylogenic, and ecological studies. a total of 23 adults of p. h. capitis were collected in gaziantep, located in southeast turkey, and dna was isolated from all p. h. capitis using dna extraction kit. all dna samples were screened for investigate of ricettsia prowazekii, bartonella qui ... | 2018 | 29126839 |
| [pediculus capitis in schoolchildren of the urban area of nuevo león, méxico: analyses of associated factors]. | pediculosis capitis is a recurring problem affecting 6 to 12 millions of children annually; there are no epidemiological data on this subject in the state of nuevo león, and there are few in méxico. therefore, new contributions are needed to design control strategies based on factors that may predispose to head lice infestation. | 2017 | 28968010 |
| detection of bacterial pathogens including potential new species in human head lice from mali. | in poor african countries, where no medical and biological facilities are available, the identification of potential emerging pathogens of concern at an early stage is challenging. head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, have a short life, feed only on human blood and do not transmit pathogens to their progeny. they are, therefore, a perfect tool for the xenodiagnosis of current or recent human infection. this study assessed the occurrence of bacterial pathogens from head lice collected in two rur ... | 2017 | 28931077 |
| safety, efficacy, and physicochemical characterization of tinospora crispa ointment: a community-based formulation against pediculus humanus capitis. | the high prevalence of pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) infestation, has led to the preparation of a community-based pediculicidal ointment, which is made of common household items and the extract of tinospora crispa stem. the present study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and physicochemical characteristics of the t. crispa pediculicidal ointment. the physicochemical properties of the ointment were characterized, and safety was determined using ... | 2017 | 28877572 |
| genetic diversity of the human head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, among primary school girls in saudi arabia, with reference to their prevalence. | the present work aimed at investigating the genetic diversity of the head louse pediculus humanus capitis (p. humanus capitis) among infested primary school girls at bisha governorate, saudi arabia, based on the sequence of mitochondrial cytochrome b (mt cyt b) gene of 121 p. humanus capitis adults. additionally, the prevalence of pediculosis capitis was surveyed. the results of sequencing were compared with the sequence of human head lice that are genotyped previously. phylogenetic tree analysi ... | 2017 | 28803388 |
| ivermectin lipid-based nanocarriers as novel formulations against head lice. | the use of pyrethroids to control the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), has suffered considerable loss of efficacy due to the evolution of resistance. thus, the development of efficiently insecticide delivery systems is imperative for the control of head lice. we studied the insecticidal activity of ivermectin-loaded lipid nanocapsules (ivm-lnc) against permethrin-resistant head lice from argentina. the lnc, prepared by a phase inversion procedure, were ... | 2017 | 28523490 |
| randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled clinical study with lice shampoo (licener®) versus dimethicone (jacutin® pedicul fluid) for the treatment of infestations with head lice. | the present clinical trial was conducted to obtain additional data for the safety and efficacy of a head lice shampoo that is free of silicone compared with an anti-head lice product containing dimethicone. both products act by a physical mode of action. this randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled clinical study was conducted between july and november 2016 in households of two villages (abou rawash and shandalat) in egypt. children older than 2 years with an active head lice infestation we ... | 2017 | 28488042 |
| case report: a new method for treatment of permethrin - resistant head lice. | head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) infestation is an important disease worldwide, especially in children under 11 years old. permethrin is the most common insecticide for treatment of human pediculosis, but nowadays resistance to permethrin and other pyrethroids has caused many treatment failures. the second treatment of choice is malathion. | 2017 | 28469858 |
| first detection of the kdr mutation t929i in head lice (phthiraptera: pediculidae) in schoolchildren of the metropolitan area of nuevo leon and yucatan, mexico. | the head louse pediculus humanus capitis (de geer) is a hematophagous ectoparasite that inhabits the human scalp. infestations by this insect are commonly known as pediculosis, which is more common in younger groups. these infestations are asymptomatic; however, skin irritation from scratching occasionally may cause secondary bacterial infections. in recent years, the prevalence of pediculosis has increased in children; this increase has been attributed to louse resistance to the insecticides us ... | 2017 | 28399223 |
| comparative study of the claws of pediculus humanus capitis between archaeological and modern specimens. | metric data of the claws of archaeological specimens of pediculus humanus capitis (dating between 1500 b.c. and a.d. 1500) and modern lice specimens coming from school children were analyzed and compared. both sets of samples come from arica in northern chile. the overall sample is comprised of 14 archaeological specimens (6 females and 8 males) of pediculus humanus capitis and 22 modern specimens (13 females and 9 males). all specimens were studied with scanning electron microscopy (sem), uncoa ... | 2017 | 28178584 |
| flammability testing of 22 conventional european pediculicides. | lice have been parasitizing humans for at least 10,000 years. since then, humans have tried to rid themselves of these unpleasant and potentially disease-carrying insects. despite various plant extracts and chemical compounds being used to combat recurring infestations to this date, several lice populations have developed resistance to some of the abundantly used compounds. this resulted in the development of anti-louse products that physically kill the different lice stages. today, a widely use ... | 2017 | 28155106 |
| ovicidal efficacy of abametapir against eggs of human head and body lice (anoplura: pediculidae). | studies were undertaken to determine the ovicidal efficacy of 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (abametapir) against eggs of both human head and body lice. head lice eggs of different ages (0-2, 3-5, and 6-8-d-old eggs) were exposed to varying concentrations of abametapir in isopropanol and concentration-dependent response relationships established based on egg hatch. one hundred percent of all abametapir-treated eggs failed to hatch at the 0.74 and 0.55% concentrations, whereas 100% of 6-8-d-old hea ... | 2017 | 28082644 |
| arrestant effect of human scalp components on head louse (phthiraptera: pediculidae) behavior. | relevant evidence has shown that parasites process host-related information using chemical, visual, tactile, or auditory cues. however, the cues that are involved in the host-parasite interaction between pediculus humanus capitis (de geer 1767) and humans have not been identified yet. in this work, we studied the effect of human scalp components on the behavior of adult head lice. filter paper segments were rubbed on volunteers' scalps and then placed in the experimental arena, where adult head ... | 2017 | 28011730 |
| electron microscopic alterations in pediculus humanus capitis exposed to some pediculicidal plant extracts. | head lice, pediculus humanus capitis, infestation is an important public health problem in egypt. inadequate application of topical pediculicides and the increasing resistance to the commonly used pediculicides made the urgent need for the development of new agents able to induce irreversible changes in the exposed lice leading to their mortality. the aim of the present work is to evaluate pediculicidal efficacy of some natural products such as olive oil, tea tree oil, lemon juice, and ivermecti ... | 2016 | 27658606 |
| human identification by lice: a next generation sequencing challenge. | rapid and progressive advances in molecular biology techniques and the advent of next generation sequencing (ngs) have opened new possibilities for analyses also in the identification of entomological matrixes. insects and other arthropods are widespread in nature and those found at a crime scene can provide a useful contribution to forensic investigations. entomological evidence is used by experts to define the postmortem interval (pmi), which is essentially based on morphological recognition o ... | 2016 | 27289564 |
| [randomised clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new pediculicide made with saponified olive oil in the eradication of pediculus humanus capitis]. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new pediculicide in the eradication of pediculus humanus capitis infestation. | 2017 | 27255407 |
| socioeconomical factors associated with pediculosis (phthiraptera: pediculidae) in athens, greece. | pediculosis in humans and especially in children is a very common dermatological disorder caused by the ectoparasite pediculus humanus capitis de geer. we investigated the socioeconomic factors affecting the prevalence of pediculosis in the greek urban area of athens during 2004-2006. the target population consisted of children from kindergartens. in total, 434 children from single- or two-parent families were investigated with respect to socioeconomic factors such as education, income and famil ... | 2016 | 27134208 |
| expansion of the knockdown resistance frequency map for human head lice (phthiraptera: pediculidae) in the united states using quantitative sequencing. | pediculosis is a prevalent parasitic infestation of humans, which is increasing due, in part, to the selection of lice resistant to either the pyrethrins or pyrethroid insecticides by the knockdown resistance (kdr) mechanism. to determine the extent and magnitude of the kdr-type mutations responsible for this resistance, lice were collected from 138 collection sites in 48 u.s. states from 22 july 2013 to 11 may 2015 and analyzed by quantitative sequencing. previously published data were used for ... | 2016 | 27032417 |
| a novel nit comb concept using ultrasound actuation: preclinical evaluation. | nit combing and removal of head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), eggs is a task made more difficult because "nit combs" vary in efficiency. there is currently no evidence that the binding of the eggshell to the hair can be loosened chemically and few hair treatments improve the slip of the louse eggs along the hair. ultrasound, applied through the teeth of a nit comb, may facilitate the flow of fluids into the gap between the hair shaft and the tube of fixative h ... | 2016 | 26545717 |
| a lousy reason for surgery cancellations. | cancellation of surgery has significant adverse impact on patients, health care providers, and their associated facilities. although head lice infestation has not been shown to be associated with adverse surgical outcomes, it often prompts case cancellation by surgical and anesthesia personnel. the purpose of our study was to evaluate the extent and impact of surgery cancellations due to head lice infestation. in our study, a total of 9 patients were cancelled over a 3-year period. although ther ... | 2016 | 26450979 |
| effect of environmental conditions and toxic compounds on the locomotor activity of pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae). | in this work, we evaluated the effect of environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, and light on the locomotor activity of pediculus humanus capitis. in addition, we used selected conditions of temperature, humidity, and light to study the effects of cypermethrin and n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) on the locomotor activity of head lice. head lice increased their locomotor activity in an arena at 30°c compared with activity at 20°c. when we tested the influence of the humidity l ... | 2015 | 26336260 |
| cytogenetic features of human head and body lice (phthiraptera: pediculidae). | the genus pediculus l. that parasitize humans comprise two subspecies: the head lice pediculus humanus capitis de geer and the body lice pediculus humanus humanus de geer. despite the 200 yr of the first description of these two species, there is still a long debate about their taxonomic status. some authors proposed that these organisms are separate species, conspecifics, or grouped in clades. the sequencing of both forms indicated that the difference between them is one gene absent in the head ... | 2015 | 26336229 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of infestation deterrents against lice. | the human head louse is a cosmopolitan ectoparasite and frequently infests many people, particularly school-age children. due to widespread pyrethroid resistance and the lack of efficient resistance management, there has been a considerable interest in the protection of uninfested people and prevention of reinfestation by disrupting lice transfer. in this study, two nonclinical model systems (in vitro and in vivo) were used to determine the efficacy of the infestation deterrents, elimax lotion a ... | 2015 | 26336209 |
| snps in entire mitochondrial genome sequences (≈15.4 kb) and cox1 sequences (≈486 bp) resolve body and head lice from doubly infected people from ethiopia, china, nepal, and iran but not france. | some people host lice on the clothing as well as the head. whether body lice and head lice are distinct species or merely variants of the same species remains contentious. we sought to ascertain the extent to which lice from these different habitats might interbreed on doubly infected people by comparing their entire mitochondrial genome sequences. toward this end, we analyzed two sets of published genetic data from double-infections of body lice and head lice: 1) entire mitochondrial coding reg ... | 2014 | 26309307 |
| [the distribution of pediculus humanus capitis among primary school pupils of the turkish chamber of commerce and stock exchange organisation in van]. | this study was performed in order to study the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis (p. h. capitis). | 2015 | 25917581 |
| molecular survey of the head louse pediculus humanus capitis in thailand and its potential role for transmitting acinetobacter spp. | head louse infestation, which is caused by pediculus humanus capitis, occurs throughout the world. with the advent of molecular techniques, head lice have been classified into three clades. recent reports have demonstrated that pathogenic organisms could be found in head lice. head lice and their pathogenic bacteria in thailand have never been investigated. in this study, we determined the genetic diversity of head lice collected from various areas of thailand and demonstrated the presence of ac ... | 2015 | 25889008 |
| pediculicidal treatment using ethanol and melia azedarach l. | pediculosis is an infestation of the scalp caused by pediculus humanus capitis, known as lice, which affects thousands of people throughout the world. disease control is achieved by topical insecticides, whose indiscriminate use has led to the emergence of resistant populations of lice. melia azedarach l. (meliaceae) is an asian tree that is found in brazil, where it is popularly known as cinnamon or santa-bárbara. this study aimed to evaluate a pediculicidal treatment, made from a hydroethanoli ... | 2015 | 25758585 |
| ex vivo effectiveness of french over-the-counter products against head lice (pediculus humanus capitis de geer, 1778). | head lice infestation is still a public health problem worldwide, with an intracountry and intercountry prevalence variation of 0.7 to 59%. there is a large variety of over-the-counter anti-louse products, but their efficacy is not always well assessed. our objective was to test the pediculicidal and ovicidal efficacy of 21 over-the-counter head louse products, available in france during the period of 2008 to 2012. we tested children living in tours city in central france and visiting preschools ... | 2015 | 25716822 |
| [epidemiological study of pediculosis in elementary schools of arica, northern chile]. | pediculosis is an ectoparasitosis infestation that has not received much attention in northern chile despite it is a common reoccurring condition among school-age children. the objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis infestation in elementary schools of arica. | 2014 | 25697248 |
| treatment of head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) infestation: is regular combing alone with a special detection comb effective at all levels? | head lice infestation (hli) caused by pediculus humanus capitis has been a public health problem worldwide. specially designed combs are used to identify head lice, while anti-lice products are applied on the scalp for treatment. in the present study, we aimed to test whether combing only by precision detection comb (pdc) or metal pin comb (mpc) could be effective alternatives to the use of anti-lice products in children. a total of 560 children from two rural schools in turkey were screened. in ... | 2015 | 25604670 |
| evidence that clade a and clade b head lice live in sympatry and recombine in algeria. | pediculus humanus l. (psocodea: pediculidae) can be characterized into three deeply divergent lineages (clades) based on mitochondrial dna. clade a consists of both head lice and clothing lice and is distributed worldwide. clade b consists of head lice only and is mainly found in north and central america, and in western europe and australia. clade c, which consists only of head lice, is found in ethiopia, nepal and senegal. twenty-six head lice collected from pupils at different elementary scho ... | 2015 | 25346378 |
| second-generation sequencing of entire mitochondrial coding-regions (∼15.4 kb) holds promise for study of the phylogeny and taxonomy of human body lice and head lice. | the illumina hiseq platform was used to sequence the entire mitochondrial coding-regions of 20 body lice, pediculus humanus linnaeus, and head lice, p. capitis de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae), from eight towns and cities in five countries: ethiopia, france, china, australia and the u.s.a. these data (∼310 kb) were used to see how much more informative entire mitochondrial coding-region sequences were than partial mitochondrial coding-region sequences, and thus to guide the design of future s ... | 2014 | 25171606 |
| influence of the formulations in removing eggs of pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae). | head lice lay eggs in human head hairs in order to reproduce. there is a difficulty associated to the process of detaching these eggs: they are tightly gripped to the hair by a secretion produced by female head lice. the physical removal of eggs has become an important part of treatment of louse infestations. the finding of new products to loosen the eggs is necessary to avoid mistaken diagnosis or reinfestations. this work aimed to compare different kinds of pediculicide formulations in order t ... | 2014 | 25033812 |
| identification and characterization of an esterase involved in malathion resistance in the head louse pediculus humanus capitis. | enhanced malathion carboxylesterase (mce) activity was previously reported to be involved in malathion resistance in the head louse pediculus humanus capitis (gao et al., 2006 [8]). to identify mce, the transcriptional profiles of all five esterases that had been annotated to be catalytically active were determined and compared between the malathion-resistant (br-hl) and malathion-susceptible (kr-hl) strains of head lice. an esterase gene, designated hlcbe3, exhibited approximately 5.4-fold high ... | 2014 | 24974112 |
| efficacy of herbal shampoo base on native plant against head lice (pediculus humanus capitis de geer, pediculidae: phthiraptera) in vitro and in vivo in thailand. | head lice infestation (or pediculosis) is an important public health problem in thailand, especially in children between the ages 5 and 11 years. head lice resistance is increasing, chemical pediculicides have lost their efficacy, and, therefore, alternative pediculicides such as herbal shampoos have been proposed to treat head lice infestation. thus, the present study investigated the efficacy of three herbal shampoos based on native plants in thailand (acorus calamus linn., phyllanthus emblica ... | 2014 | 24948104 |
| knockdown resistance allele frequencies in north american head louse (anoplura: pediculidae) populations. | the study examines the extent and frequency of a knockdown-type resistance allele (kdr type) in north american populations of human head lice. lice were collected from 32 locations in canada and the united states. dna was extracted from individual lice and used to determine their zygosity using the serial invasive signal amplification technique to detect the kdr-type t917i (ti) mutation, which is most responsible for nerve insensitivity that results in the kdr phenotype and permethrin resistance ... | 2014 | 24724296 |
| efficacy of products to remove eggs of pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae) from the human hair. | head lice infestations are very common in children aged between 3 and 12 yr old. the eggs of the head louse are difficult to remove and remain firmly attached to the hair even after any head louse treatment. solid in vitro and in vivo evidence to support the use of any of the proposed products to facilitate nit removal is scarce. the objective of the current study was to determine the efficacy of several products to remove eggshells from human hair using an objective measurement procedure. water ... | 2014 | 24724290 |
| prevalence of head lice in two socio-economically different schools in the center of izmir city, turkey. | the well-known and common infestation caused by pediculus humanus capitis is an important public health and a social issue in many communities in the world. the aim of this study was to compare the head louse infestation rate in two schools having pupils from different socio-economic levels in the city center of izmir. | 2014 | 24659699 |
| prehistorical pediculus humanus capitis infestation: quantitative data and low vacuum scanning microscopy. | a pre-columbian peruvian scalp was examined decades ago by a researcher from the oswaldo cruz foundation. professor olympio da fonseca filho described nits and adult lice attached to hair shafts and commented about the origin of head lice infestations on mankind. this same scalp was sent to our laboratory and is the subject of the present paper. analysis showed a massive infestation with nine eggs/cm2 and an impressive number of very well preserved adult lice. the infestation age was roughly est ... | 2017 | 24626412 |
| geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance allele frequency in head lice (phthiraptera: pediculidae) from argentina. | the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae), is an obligate ectoparasite that causes pediculosis capitis and has parasitized humans since the beginning of humankind. head louse infestations are widespread throughout the world and have been increasing since the early 1990s partially because of ineffective pediculicides. in argentina, the overuse of products containing pyrethroids has led to the development of resistant louse populations. pyrethroid insectic ... | 2014 | 24605463 |
| the prevalence of pediculus capitis among the middle schoolchildren in fars province, southern iran. | background : pediculosis capitis is a common parasitic infection of children. in this study we assessed the prevalence of head pediculosis among the middle schoolchildren in the urban and rural areas of fars province, southern iran. | 2013 | 24009945 |
| in vitro efficacy of synthetic skin repellent ir3535 on head lice (pediculus capitis). | in in vitro tests, skin repellent ir3535, applied in the form of the diffusil h prevental product in an aerosol bomb (active compound 20%), killed 100% of head lice (females and males) and nymphs 2 and 3, when directly sprayed at a dose of 0.94 mg of the active compound per square centimeter. crawling lice exposed for 1 min on the filter paper impregnated by the same concentration showed no effort to suck blood 30 min after exposition. twenty hours later, their mortality rate was 11 %. after the ... | 2013 | 23933877 |
| mitochondrial diversity in human head louse populations across the americas. | anthropological studies suggest that the genetic makeup of human populations in the americas is the result of diverse processes including the initial colonization of the continent by the first people plus post-1492 european migrations. because of the recent nature of some of these events, understanding the geographical origin of american human diversity is challenging. however, human parasites have faster evolutionary rates and larger population sizes allowing them to maintain greater levels of ... | 2013 | 23900879 |
| [understanding mitochondrial genome fragmentation in parasitic lice (insecta: phthiraptera)]. | lice are obligate ectoparasites of mammals and birds. extensive fragmentation of mitochondrial genomes has been found in some louse species in the families pediculidae, pthiridae, philopteridae and trichodectidae. for example, the mt genomes of human body louse (pediculus humanus), head louse (pediculus capitis), and public louse (pthirus pubis) have 20, 20 and 14 mini-chromosomes, respectively. these mini-chromosomes might be the results of deletion and recombination of mt genes. the factors an ... | 2013 | 23853355 |
| in vitro pediculicidal activity of herbal shampoo base on thai local plants against head louse (pediculus humanus capitis de geer). | head lice infestation, a worldwide head infestation caused pediculus humanus capitis de geer, is an important public health problem in thailand. several chemical pediculicides have lost in efficacy due to increasing resistance of lice against insecticide. therefore, non-toxic alternative products, such as natural products from plants, e.g. plant extract pediculicides, are needed for head lice control. the aims of this study were to evaluate the potential of pediculicidal activity of herbal shamp ... | 2013 | 23334727 |
| pediculosis capitis among primary school children and related risk factors in urmia, the main city of west azarbaijan, iran. | pediculosis capitis is cosmopolitan health problem. in addition to its physical problems, its psychological effects especially on pupils are more important. this study was conducted to determine the pediculosis capitis among primary school pupils and also find out the role of probable related risk factors in urmia city, iran 2010. | 2012 | 23293782 |
| comparative efficacy of commercial combs in removing head lice (pediculus humanus capitis) (phthiraptera: pediculidae). | the use of a fine comb for removing lice from the head of the human host is a relevant tool both in the diagnosis of infestations and as part of an integrated control strategy of head lice. the effectiveness of a fine comb depends, in part, on the design and material they are built. the aim of this study was to compare in vivo the efficacy of metal and plastic combs that are currently used in the removal of head lice and eggs worldwide. the space between comb teeth and the length was 0.23 and 13 ... | 2013 | 23212391 |
| study of archaeological nits/eggs of pediculus humanus capitis by scanning electron microscopy. | this paper presents and discusses archaeological samples of pediculus humanus capitis nits/eggs in arica, northern chile, dating between 2000 b.c. and a.d. 500. eight samples of nits/eggs taken directly from seven mummified bodies of both the valley and the coast of arica, were collected and studied. samples were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (sem), uncoated, using low and variable pressure modes. the aim was to study the morphology of the nits/eggs, the different degrees of preserv ... | 2013 | 23176818 |
| a pediculid case: autosensitization dermatitis caused by pediculosis capitis. | pediculosis capitis is a worldwide infestation caused by pediculus humanus capitis ectoparasite that only lives on the hairs of the scalp. as a result of severe itching excoriation, secondary bacterial infection, cervical and occipital lymphadenopathy are seen frequently where, sometimes bite reaction, viral exanthema mimicking hypersensitivity eruption and conjunctivitis may occur. hereby, with the presentation of a quite rarely seen pediculid case, characterized with common autosensitization d ... | 2012 | 23169166 |
| epidemiological and clinical study of infested cases with pediculus capitis and p. corporis in khorasan-e-razavi, iran. | pediculosis (head lice) is considered as one of the most common health problems of the students in primary schools. the purpose of this study was to survey the prevalence rate of the infestation in the schools of gonabad city (south of khorasan-e-razavi province) to prevent its outbreak by on-time planning. | 2012 | 23133477 |
| evidence that head and body lice on homeless persons have the same genotype. | human head lice and body lice are morphologically and biologically similar but have distinct ecologies. they were shown to have almost the same basic genetic content (one gene is absent in head lice), but differentially express certain genes, presumably responsible for the vector competence. they are now believed to be ecotypes of the same species (pediculus humanus) and based on mitochondrial studies, body lice have been included with head lice in one of three clades of human head lice (clade a ... | 2012 | 23049889 |
| effectiveness of isopropyl myristate/cyclomethicone d5 solution of removing cuticular hydrocarbons from human head lice (pediculus humanus capitis). | in the treatment of human head lice infestation, healthcare providers are increasingly concerned about lice becoming resistant to existing pesticide treatments. traditional pesticides, used to control these pests, have a neurological mechanism of action. this publication describes a topical solution with a non-traditional mechanism of action, based on physical disruption of the wax layer that covers the cuticle of the louse exoskeleton. this topical solution has been shown clinically to cure 82% ... | 2012 | 22943314 |
| an incurable itch: head lice. | head lice infestations continue to be seen frequently in many communities. some of these children require multiple treatments before eradication. what are the current treatment recommendations for head lice? | 2012 | 22893334 |
| activity of tea tree oil and nerolidol alone or in combination against pediculus capitis (head lice) and its eggs. | head lice infestation is an emerging social problem in undeveloped and developed countries. because of louse resistance increasing, several long-used insecticidal compounds have lost their efficacy, and alternatives, such as essential oils, have been proposed to treat this parasitic infestation. the present study investigated the efficacy of two natural substances: tea tree (melaleuca alternifolia) oil and nerolidol (3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol) against lice and its eggs. products w ... | 2012 | 22847279 |
| prevalence of pediculus humanus capitis infestation among kindergarten children in bahía blanca city, argentina. | the human head louse, pediculus humanus capitis de geer (anoplura: pediculidae), is a worldwide public health concern. this human obligate ectoparasite usually infests school age children. the aim of this work was to investigate the prevalence of head lice in kindergarten children from bahia blanca. in addition, the influence of risk factors for pediculosis infestation, such as gender, hair characteristics, and socioeconomic class, was studied in relation to the prevalence of this ectoparasite. ... | 2012 | 22752696 |
| prevalence and risk factors of pediculus (humanus) capitis (anoplura: pediculidae), in primary schools in sanandaj city, kurdistan province, iran. | human head lice, pediculus (humanus) capitis, infest people worldwide and are most prevalent in children. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of head lice, in relation to socioeconomic status of the family and hygienic practices in the home. the prevalence rate was determined in 27 primary schools that had 810 students in sanandaj city who were selected by multistage, systematic random sampling. a total of 38 students from all grades were infested with different rates of infest ... | 2012 | 22735841 |
| evidence for an african cluster of human head and body lice with variable colors and interbreeding of lice between continents. | human head lice and body lice have been classified based on phenotypic characteristics, including geographical source, ecotype (preferred egg laying site hair or clothes), shape and color. more recently, genotypic studies have been based on mitochondrial genes, nuclear genes and intergenic spacers. mitochondrial genetic analysis reclassified lice into three genotypes (a, b and c). however, no previous study has attempted to correlate both genotypic and phenotypic data. | 2012 | 22662229 |
| ovicidal response of nyda formulations on the human head louse (anoplura: pediculidae) using a hair tuft bioassay. | using the in vitro rearing system in conjunction with the hair tuft bioassay, nyda and nyda without fragrances formulations (92% wt:wt dimeticones) were 100% ovicidal (0% of treated eggs hatched) after an 8-h exposure of the eggs of the human head louse (pediculus humanus capitis de geer) following the manufacturer's instructions. comparatively, 78 and 66% of eggs similarly exposed hatched after distilled deionized water or nix (1% permethrin) treatments, respectively. nyda and nyda without frag ... | 2012 | 22493852 |
| insecticidal activity of individual and mixed monoterpenoids of geranium essential oil against pediculus humanus capitis (phthiraptera: pediculidae). | the major components of geranium (geranium maculatum l.) oil and their mixtures were tested against female pediculus humanus capitis de geer (phthiraptera: pediculidae). chemical analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry revealed four major constituents: citronellol (38%), geraniol (16%), citronellyl formate (10.4%), and linalool (6.45%) (concentration expressed as percentage of total). topical application demonstrated that the most potent component was citronellol and geraniol ... | 2012 | 22493851 |
| pediculosis capitis: new insights into epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. | pediculosis capitis is a ubiquitous parasitic skin disease caused by pediculus humanus capitis. head lice are highly specialised parasites which can propagate only on human scalp and hair. transmission occurs by direct head-to-head contact. head lice are vectors of important bacterial pathogens. pediculosis capitis usually occurs in small epidemics in play groups, kindergartens and schools. population-based studies in european countries show highly diverging prevalences, ranging from 1% to 20%. ... | 2012 | 22382818 |
| ivermectin acts as a posteclosion nymphicide by reducing blood feeding of human head lice (anoplura: pediculidae) that hatched from treated eggs. | the 0.5% ivermectin topical cream formulation was not directly ovicidal to treated eggs of head lice, as hatchability was not decreased. nevertheless, the percent of hatched lice from treated eggs that took a blood meal significantly decreased (80-95%) compared with lice that hatched from untreated eggs and all treated lice died within 48 h of hatching, including those that fed. dilutions of ivermectin formulation of 0.15 and 0.2 microg/ml, which were topically applied to 0-8 d old eggs, were no ... | 2011 | 22238876 |
| risk factors associated with head louse infestation in korea. | head louse infestation (hli) is one of the most frequently occurring parasitic diseases in children. this study was conducted to investigate the socioeconomic and personal factors influencing hli in the republic of korea. a total of 2,210 questionnaires about various factors related to hli were obtained from children in 17 primary schools throughout the country. the rate of hli was significantly lower in children who lived together with mother or in a family where both parents worked. in additio ... | 2011 | 21461277 |