| acute glomerulonephritis following infection with chlamydia psittaci. | | 1992 | 1621687 |
| diagnosis of avian chlamydiosis: specificity of the modified giménez staining on smears and comparison of the sensitivity of isolation in eggs and three different cell cultures. | for the diagnosis of chlamydiosis in dead and live birds different methods were compared for their sensitivity and specificity. the specificity of the modified giménez staining and the direct immunofluorescence (dif) test for direct demonstration of chlamydia psittaci in organ, cloacal and/or conjunctival smears was examined. the sensitivity of the isolation of chlamydia psittaci in 6 days embryonated specific pathogen free (spf) chicken eggs, buffalo green monkey (bgm) cell line, mccoy cell lin ... | 1992 | 1621472 |
| effects of interferons beta or gamma on neopterin biosynthesis and tryptophan degradation by human alveolar macrophages in vitro: synergy with lipopolysaccharide. | interferons can induce neopterin biosynthesis and tryptophan degradation in monocytic cells. indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), an inducible cellular enzyme, metabolizes tryptophan to n-formyl-l-kynurenine. tryptophan degradation has been linked to interferon-mediated inhibition of replication by intracellular pathogens and inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. we evaluated the ability of the recombinant human interferons beta ser and gamma to stimulate neopterin production and tryptophan deg ... | 1992 | 1591013 |
| [multicausal infectious respiratory tract disease of young fattening turkeys]. | the outbreak of the disease occurred in a large multiple-age farm with about 50,000 meat turkeys, where groups of 6-8000 one-day-old birds were stalled up every 14 days. all the turkey poults housed were affected mostly in the 1.-3. week of the life. the respiratory disease spread rapidly within the flocks and were characterised clinically by inclination of huddle, ruffled feathers, anorexia, stunted growth, swelling of the infraorbital sinus and nasal discharge. the clinical apparent disease la ... | 1992 | 1559465 |
| [anti-chlamydia psittaci antibodies in a healthy pediatric population]. | psittacosis or ornithosis is a bird disease caused by chlamydia psittaci which can be transmitted to man. little is known of the epidemiology of the disease in this region, but occasional cases which have been brought to the authors' attention have prompted an epidemiological study on the subject. the preliminary results indicate a surprising percentage, over 8%, of antibodies in infants and children. this percentage varies little in relation to place of residence, rural or urban, or the presenc ... | 1991 | 1870537 |
| [value of the twar strain for chlamydiosis serology. choice of a strategy of detecting antibodies]. | we examined 212 sera from patients with respiratory diseases (n = 55), from women regularly attending a gynaecology clinic (n = 155) and from patients with cat-scratch disease (n = 2), using the complement fixation test against chlamydia psittaci and igg indirect immunofluorescence tests against 3 different strains of c. psittaci, c. trachomatis (serotype l2) and the twar strain. forty-one sera were positive. the twar strain raised the serological detection rate of antibodies to chlamydia up to ... | 1990 | 2140171 |
| pathology of experimental chlamydiosis in chicks. | twelve one-day-old chicks were experimentally inoculated with chlamydia psittaci derived from turkeys. acute chlamydial septicemic lesions were induced by the inoculation into the air sac and trachea. no lesions were produced by the esophageal injection. clinically, the affected chicks showed emaciation and mouth breathing, and were inactive while some birds died. grossly, they had hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and airsacculitis. histopathologically, fibrinopurulent airsacculitis, pneumonia and bro ... | 1990 | 2140867 |
| [chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. | | 1990 | 2143828 |
| comparison of azithromycin and erythromycin in the treatment of atypical pneumonias. | an open, randomized, multicentre study compared the efficacy and safety of the prototype, azalide, azithromycin, and erythromycin in the treatment of atypical pneumonias. azithromycin was administered for five days at a dosage of 250 mg bd on day 1 and 250 mg once daily on days 2 to 5. erythromycin was given for ten days at 500 mg qid. causative pathogens were identified by serological methods. of 57 patients treated with azithromycin, mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia psittaci were identified ... | 1990 | 2154431 |
| regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene expression in human fibroblasts by interferon-gamma. upstream control region discriminates between interferon-gamma and interferon-alpha. | the interferon (ifn)-gamma-mediated induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) enzyme, which converts tryptophan into n-formylkynurenine, has been implicated in the inhibition of intracellular pathogens, e.g. toxoplasma gondii and chlamydia psittaci, and in the antiproliferative effect of ifn-gamma on tumor cells. the ido activity is induced strongly in many cell types by ifn-gamma but rather poorly by ifn-alpha or -beta. a genomic dna clone containing part of the transcribed region of the i ... | 1990 | 2174056 |
| antibody response of the ovine lymph node to experimental infection with an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci. | after primary infection with chlamydia psittaci in the draining area of the popliteal lymph node, viable organisms could be isolated from the efferent lymph only before the primary immune response developed. the lymph antibody response, as assayed by the complement fixation and immunofluorescence (if) antibody tests, showed a rise in titre that peaked approximately 2 weeks after infection. immunoblotting revealed that antibodies produced during this period were predominantly directed against the ... | 1990 | 2180202 |
| monoclonal antibodies to chlamydia psittaci guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) strain. | monoclonal antibodies to a strain of chlamydia psittaci isolated from guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) were developed. only five of the 15 hybridomas isolated produced antibodies specific for the gpic strain, while seven others produced antibodies which cross reacted with other strains and another species. strain-specific and species-specific monoclonal antibodies were isotyped as igg2a and igg3, respectively. it appears that the gpic strain has at least two epitopes, one of which is s ... | 1990 | 2186565 |
| [in vitro sensitivity of chlamydiae to antibiotics]. | the in vitro activity of 11 antibiotics against 16 chlamydia trachomatis strains isolated from genital tract and 2 chlamydia psittaci strains isolated from pulmonary tract. the cmi determination (the lowest dilution of the drug which inhibited the inclusion development when untreated control give 10(3) ifc) was assessed by growth in cycloheximide treated mccoy cells-antibiotics were added after incubation for 2 hours at 37 degrees c. the cmi values for chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittac ... | 1990 | 2195451 |
| the chlamydia trachomatis hyp operon is homologous to the groe stress response operon of escherichia coli. | the chlamydia trachomatis serovar a hyp operon was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in escherichia coli. two cotranscribed open reading frames, hypa and hypb, encoded polypeptides of 17 and 57 kilodaltons, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of serovar a hypa and hypb proteins were (respectively) 85 and 94% identical with hypa and hypb proteins of chlamydia psittaci gpic, and hypb was greater than 50% identical to 60-kilodalton stress response proteins from other procaryotes and eucar ... | 1990 | 2196231 |
| pregnancy complicated by severe chlamydia psittaci infection acquired from a goat flock: a case report. | | 1990 | 2198179 |
| chlamydial infection and perinatal mortality in a swine herd. | chlamydia psittaci was believed responsible for an episode of high perinatal death loss in a swine herd in which 8.5 pigs per litter normally were weaned. in this episode, 18 sows produced 186 pigs, with 50 survivors. chlamydia was found in tissue samples, and other bacterial or viral pathogens could not be identified. chlamydia was diagnosed by isolation (elisa), histologic examination using immunoperoxidase staining techniques, and electron microscopy. previously, c psittaci has not been consi ... | 1990 | 2211307 |
| [studies on chlamydia pneumoniae, strain twar infection. 2. seroepidemiology of twar on healthy controls and patients with acute respiratory infections]. | to determine of chlamydia pneumoniae, twar infection is common in japan. the author performed a spot antibody prevalence study of adults and children living in okayama prefecture. this study was carried out by microplate immunofluorescence antibody technique (mfa) using in situ inclusions of chlamydia pneumoniae (tw-183), chlamydia trachomatis (l2) and chlamydia psittaci (cal 10) as antigens respectively. and each chlamydial antiserum igg, iga, igm titers were determined by the dilution and poin ... | 1990 | 2212768 |
| characterisation of chlamydia psittaci isolated from a horse. | this paper describes the isolation and characterisation of a strain of chlamydia psittaci obtained from a nasal swab taken from a horse with serous nasal discharge. initial isolation was achieved in cycloheximide-treated mccoy cell monolayers. chlamydial inclusions stained by immunofluorescence either with a rabbit antiserum raised against c. psittaci or with a monoclonal antibody directed against the genus-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen were single and compact. they did not stain with iodi ... | 1990 | 2219661 |
| efficacy against ovine enzootic abortion of an experimental vaccine containing purified elementary bodies of chlamydia psittaci. | a vaccine prepared from purified, inactivated elementary bodies of chlamydia psittaci protected sheep against abortion after subcutaneous challenge with live chlamydiae. immunoblot analysis of serum samples revealed a consistently dominant antibody response against the chlamydial major outer membrane protein in all vaccinated sheep. reactions to other chlamydial antigens were also detected but were less pronounced or inconsistent. serological responses detected by complement fixation were variab ... | 1990 | 2219662 |
| diagnosis of chlamydia trachomatis cervical infection by detection of amplified dna with an enzyme immunoassay. | a sensitive and specific system for detection of amplified chlamydia trachomatis dna from cervical specimens by fluorometric quantitation in an enzyme immunoassay (eia) format (polymerase chain reaction [pcr]-eia) is described. the primers selected for pcr-amplified dna were from the 15 serovars of c. trachomatis and two strains of chlamydia pneumoniae (twar). one strain of chlamydia psittaci (borg) was not amplified. one hundred four previously cultured cervical specimens were evaluated. forty- ... | 1990 | 2229379 |
| chlamydiosis in captive raptors. | chlamydia psittaci was isolated from four red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis) that died suddenly and from seven birds that survived at a raptor rehabilitation center in california in 1983. one hundred captive raptors representing 14 species in five families were subsequently tested serologically and by direct cloacal culture. c. psittaci was isolated from seven clinically normal birds. forty-four percent of the raptors were considered positive using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), ... | 1990 | 2241695 |
| immunity to chlamydia psittaci with particular reference to sheep. | chlamydia psittaci, a zoonotic bacterium, is the causal agent of enzootic abortion of ewes, an important disease of sheep in many european countries. the major thrust of current chlamydial research is directed towards the human pathogen chlamydia trachomatis. this review attempts to bring together relevant information concerning the host immune response to all members of the genus chlamydiae and show how this has led to an increased understanding of the ovine humoral and cell mediated immune res ... | 1990 | 2247939 |
| [hibernal respiratory disorders]. | a long term serological surveillance of the acute respiratory illnesses was conducted, looking for infections by adenoviruses, influenza a.b.c. parainfluenza 1,2,3 and respiratory syncytial viruses as well as mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci. the analysis of the results accumulated for the past 20 years was carried out. influenza c. coxiella burneti and chlamydia psittaci infections were rare and could not account for any epidemic prevalence. the other agents produc ... | 1990 | 2249087 |
| experimental conjunctival infection of lambs with a strain of chlamydia psittaci isolated from the eyes of a sheep naturally affected with keratoconjunctivitis. | five ram-lambs were inoculated into the left conjunctival sac with the 15r isolate of chlamydia psittaci, recovered from a sheep with keratoconjunctivitis. a sixth ram-lamb was kept in contact with them. the five lambs developed varying degrees of acute conjunctivitis and 14 days later c psittaci could be recovered from the inoculated eyes, from which branhamella ovis was also isolated. the eyes were examined regularly for four months; c psittaci could not be re-isolated but the eyes developed v ... | 1990 | 2260264 |
| psittacosis: a clinical review. | the records of the public health laboratory at leeds were searched and cases in which a four-fold rise of antibodies to chlamydia psittaci had occurred were reviewed. clinical and epidemiological features of these cases are presented. the importance of birds as a potential source of infection is emphasised. | 1990 | 2273272 |
| [frequency of abortion and seroprevalence of the principal diseases causing ovine infectious abortion in the area of rabat (morocco)]. | a survey was carried out on 23 sheep flocks to estimate the frequency of abortion as well as the prevalence of antibodies against abortive infections. during the visit of each farm, a questionnaire was completed with the collaboration of the owner and blood samples were collected from all aborted ewes and some of those with normal lambing. a rate of 7% abortion was reached in both aborted and normally lambed ewes. anti-chlamydia psittaci antibodies were the most frequently detected (14 flocks). ... | 1990 | 2288452 |
| characterization of murine monoclonal and murine, rabbit, and human polyclonal antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide. | murine monoclonal and rabbit, murine, and human polyclonal antibodies against chlamydial lipopolysaccharide (lps) were characterized by the passive hemolysis and passive hemolysis inhibition assays and by absorption experiments with lpss of chlamydia psittaci, chlamydia trachomatis, and a recombinant strain of salmonella minnesota re (r595-207) expressing the chlamydia-specific lps epitope, as well as natural and synthetic partial structures of chlamydial lps. eleven monoclonal antibodies of the ... | 1990 | 2294050 |
| structural and antigenic analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae. | several isolates of chlamydia pneumoniae were compared with each other and to chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblots. protein profiles of the c. pneumoniae isolates appeared to be the same and were distinct from the other chlamydia species. a 39.5-kilodalton (kda) protein, similar in molecular weight to the major outer membrane proteins (momp) of c. trachomatis and c. psittaci, was found in the sarkosyl-insoluble ... | 1990 | 2294060 |
| a prospective study of viral and mycoplasma infections in chronic inflammatory bowel disease. | seventy-two children with chronic inflammatory bowel disease were investigated for infections with various viruses and mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, and coxiella burnetii to determine whether these pathogens are associated with acute onset exacerbations. altogether 54 infections were identified serologically, of which 23 (42.6%) were associated with exacerbations. this corresponded to 24.2% of the recorded exacerbations during the study period. the respiratory pathogens accounted fo ... | 1990 | 2298361 |
| breeding performance of sheep infected with chlamydia psittaci (ovis) during their preceding pregnancy. | | 1990 | 2301111 |
| immunological specificity of monoclonal antibodies to chlamydia psittaci ovine abortion strain. | fifty-one monoclonal antibodies were prepared by two different techniques against chlamydia psittaci strain a22 isolated from an ovine abortion. these antibodies were tested for reactivity by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique with eleven reference chlamydia strains (nine c. psittaci, one chlamydia trachomatis and one chlamydia pneumoniae). four classes of specificity were recognized for monoclonal antibodies: genus, species, subspecies and type specificity. the type-specific mono ... | 1990 | 2307492 |
| muramic acid is not detectable in chlamydia psittaci or chlamydia trachomatis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | by using the powerful separation technique of capillary gas chromatography combined with the selectivity of mass spectrometric detection, muramic acid was not detectable in purified elementary bodies of chlamydia psittaci cal 10 (less than or equal to 0.006%) or c. trachomatis serovar e (less than or equal to 0.02%). this confirms previous reports which suggested the absence of a typical peptidoglycan in chlamydia spp. | 1990 | 2307520 |
| the ovine immune response to chlamydia psittaci; histopathology of the lymph node. | the histopathological response of the ovine popliteal lymph node to infection by an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci was studied. after infection of 10 seronegative sheep by the subcutaneous route, the draining popliteal lymph nodes enlarged considerably. by day 6, expansion was more marked in the medulla than in the cortex but, by day 18, cortical follicles were prominent. immunoglobulin-containing cells increased in number both in the medulla and cortex between days 6 and 18. c. psi ... | 1990 | 2312799 |
| observations on the pathogenesis of chlamydia psittaci infection of pregnant sheep. | susceptible pregnant sheep were infected with chlamydia psittaci at different stages of early and mid-gestation. placentas and foetuses were examined by microbiological, serological, histopathological and immunochemical methods at various intervals thereafter. while ewes were susceptible to infection from early gestation onwards and infections of placentas and foetuses occurred from about 60 days gestation (dg), pathological changes were not detected until after 90 dg. these changes consisted of ... | 1990 | 2324344 |
| rapid identification of chlamydia psittaci and twar (c pneumoniae) in sputum samples using an amplified enzyme immunoassay. | | 1990 | 2332522 |
| a study of human respiratory tract chlamydial infections in cambridgeshire 1986-88. | human respiratory tract chlamydial infections have been studied in cambridgeshire for many years, but until recently we have been unable to distinguish between infection with chlamydia psittaci or chlamydia pneumoniae (twar). in this study, we have employed the micro-immunofluorescence (micro-if) test for this purpose and to look for the relative incidence of c. psittaci and c. pneumoniae infections in cambridgeshire. among 50 patients with community-acquired respiratory tract symptoms whose ser ... | 1990 | 2347386 |
| immunization against chlamydial genital infection in guinea pigs with uv-inactivated and viable chlamydiae administered by different routes. | female guinea pigs were immunized with viable or uv light-inactivated chlamydiae (agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis), belonging to the species chlamydia psittaci, by intravenous, subcutaneous, oral, or ocular routes. all animals were then inoculated vaginally with viable chlamydiae to determine the extent of protection against challenge infection induced by the various regimens. the course of genital infection was significantly reduced in intensity in all groups of animals except the ... | 1990 | 2370110 |
| multiple tandem promoters of the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) of chlamydia psittaci. | the transcription of omp1, the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein, was studied for two strains of chlamydia psittaci, guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) and mouse pneumonitis (mn). the transcriptional initiation sites for the omp1 of each strain were mapped by s1 nuclease and primer extension analyses. three different sizes of omp1 transcripts were observed for gpic and four were observed for mn. the production of these transcripts appeared to be the consequence of multiple t ... | 1990 | 2387624 |
| protection of sheep against chlamydia psittaci infection with a subcellular vaccine containing the major outer membrane protein. | an outer membrane (om) preparation from elementary bodies (ebs) of chlamydia psittaci (ovine abortion strain) was used to vaccinate pregnant ewes in a single subcutaneous dose and was found to achieve protection after subcutaneous challenge with infectious organisms. inactivated purified ebs used as a single-dose vaccine also gave protection. the ratio of live to dead lambs was significantly higher in the vaccinated groups (16:1 and 15:1, respectively) than in the placebo group (8:9). polyacryla ... | 1990 | 2387636 |
| protective effect of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against abortion in mice infected by chlamydia psittaci. | the role of antibody in preventing placental and fetal infection by chlamydia psittaci was studied in mice. pregnant mice were passively immunized with polyclonal sera or monoclonal antibodies (mabs) at day 11 of gestation. the mice were intravenously challenged the following day with the virulent ab7 ovine abortion strain of c. psittaci. mice were either killed on day 16 of gestation to determine placental and fetal chlamydial infection levels or were permitted to have and raise their young unt ... | 1990 | 2396474 |
| use of the ideia elisa to detect chlamydia psittaci (ovis) in material from aborted fetal membranes and milk from ewes affected by ovine enzootic abortion. | the ideia elisa was used to detect chlamydia psittaci (ovis) antigen in ewes' milk to which were added serial dilutions of chlamydiae titrated as inclusion forming units (ifus) in mccoy cell tissue culture. the test was able to detect as few as 35 ifus/ml of the organism. the elisa was then used to detect chlamydial antigen in fetal membranes and milk from ewes clinically affected with ovine enzootic abortion (oea). the results were compared with results of isolation of chlamydiae in mccoy cell ... | 1990 | 2397377 |
| detection and differentiation of chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia psittaci, and chlamydia pneumoniae by dna amplification. | the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect major outer membrane protein (momp) gene sequences from the three species of chlamydia. using three primer pairs and one restriction enzyme digestion, three distinct genotypes, corresponding to the three species, chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydia pneumoniae, and chlamydia psittaci, were demonstrated. c. trachomatis was amplified by all three primer pairs and the amplified fragment was digested by ecori. c. pneumoniae was amplified by only two of th ... | 1990 | 2401796 |
| efficacy of a vaccine to prevent chlamydia- or campylobacter-induced abortions in ewes. | in a sheep flock, chlamydia psittaci, campylobacter fetus, ca jejuni, and salmonella dublin caused abortions. a vaccine that contained c psittaci type i from 2 sources: a cow with pneumonia and an aborted ovine fetus, ca fetus, ca jejuni, and 4 strains of k99 escherichia coli was given to 240 ewes before they were bred. all fetuses, placentas, and lambs, that died within 36 hours of birth were examined for infectious agents. of 55 abortions, 30 (55%) were caused by chlamydia or campylobacter spp ... | 1990 | 2407704 |
| a tissue culture procedure for the isolation of chlamydia psittaci from koalas (phascolarctos cinereus). | | 1985 | 2415101 |
| ultrastructural study of mode of entry of chlamydia psittaci into l-929 cells. | the entry of chlamydia psittaci into l-929 cells was studied morphologically by transmission electron microscopy and quantitatively by a method that discriminates between attachment and uptake. upon adsorption of 3h-labeled elementary bodies (ebs) to host cells at 4 degrees c, the ebs bound efficiently to the l-cell surface. binding reached an equilibrium level of 55% in 3 h. ultrastructural analysis revealed that ebs were bound preferentially to the tips and sides of microvilli at this temperat ... | 1986 | 2430888 |
| epitope mapping with solid-phase peptides: identification of type-, subspecies-, species- and genus-reactive antibody binding domains on the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia trachomatis. | the major outer membrane protein (momp) of chlamydia trachomatis carries serovar-, subspecies-, species- and genus immunodomains, antibodies to which may be protective. we have compared the inferred amino acid sequences for momp from different serovars of c. trachomatis and from chlamydia psittaci to identify the likely locations of these sero-taxonomic epitopes. overlapping peptides corresponding to each of these regions were synthesized on a solid phase and probed with monoclonal antibodies (m ... | 1988 | 2460719 |
| identification of genus-specific epitopes on the outer membrane complexes of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci immunotypes 1 and 2. | polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were used to study the immunogenic and antigenic characteristics of chlamydiae. we focused on the most predominant proteins in the outer membrane complex, the major outer membrane protein (momp) and the doublet consisting of proteins of 57 and 62 kilodaltons (57-62 kda doublet). immunoblot analyses were performed with chlamydial elementary bodies by using (i) immune sera from sheep which had undergone a recent episode of abortion due to the ovine abortion (oa ... | 1989 | 2474507 |
| a rapid monoclonal immunofluorescence assay for chlamydia psittaci in fecal smears from psittacine birds. | one hundred two fecal specimens from psittacine birds submitted to veterinary laboratory services of the california department of food and agriculture at petaluma were screened for chlamydia psittaci by a direct immunofluorescence assay using a fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibody conjugate specific for chlamydia sp. results were compared with those obtained by isolation of chlamydia in cultures of mccoy mouse cells. the relative specificity of the direct fluorescent antibody test on fecal sm ... | 1989 | 2488333 |
| evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for detection of chlamydia psittaci in vaginal secretions, placentas, and fetal tissues from aborting ewes. | a commercially available enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis in human urogenital and conjunctival specimens was compared with isolation in cell culture for the detection of chlamydia psittaci in vaginal and placental swabs from aborting ewes and swabs of aborted fetal tissues. the eia on vaginal swabs collected from 10 ewes experimentally infected with c. psittaci had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 85.7%. vaginal swabs collected at the time of abortio ... | 1989 | 2488715 |
| role of tryptophan degradation in respiratory burst-independent antimicrobial activity of gamma interferon-stimulated human macrophages. | to determine whether extracellular tryptophan degradation represents an oxygen-independent antimicrobial mechanism, we examined the effect of exogenous tryptophan on the intracellular antimicrobial activity of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-stimulated human macrophages. ifn-gamma readily induced normal monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm) to express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) activity and stimulated mdm, alveolar macrophages, and oxidatively deficient chronic granulomatous disease mdm to degr ... | 1989 | 2492973 |
| characterization of gamma interferon-mediated cytotoxicity to chlamydia-infected fibroblasts. | addition of murine recombinant gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) to mouse fibroblast cultures infected with chlamydia psittaci was found to induce a cytotoxic response that was dependent on the concentration of ifn-gamma added and the multiplicity of infection given. no cytotoxicity was observed for uninfected cells treated with ifn-gamma, nor did infection alone elicit cytotoxicity. cytotoxicity was detected only if ifn-gamma was present for at least the first 18 h of a 30-h incubation period. cytot ... | 1989 | 2492975 |
| long-term effects of gamma interferon on chlamydia-infected host cells: microbicidal activity follows microbistasis. | when human monocyte-derived macrophages or a human uroepithelial cell line (t24 cells) was incubated in the presence of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) for 24 to 48 h and then infected with chlamydia psittaci, host cells became activated to restrict intracellular c. psittaci growth. a reversal of this inhibition was observed when infected cells were supplemented with excess exogenous tryptophan at the time of infection or at 1 to 3 days after infection. when ifn-gamma-treated, infected cells were i ... | 1989 | 2494116 |
| differential modulation of lymphocyte proliferative responses and lymphokine secretion in mice during development of immunity to chlamydia psittaci. | a murine model was utilized to study immune responses occurring during the period of acquisition of immunity to chlamydial infection. c3h (h-2k) mice were immunized by intramuscular injection of 5 x 10(3) viable chlamydia psittaci elementary bodies (ebs) by a protocol which permits animals to survive an otherwise lethal intraperitoneal challenge 10 days later with the homologous chlamydial strain. spleen cells assayed during the 10-day period of development to immunity showed depressed prolifera ... | 1989 | 2496033 |
| interferon-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity inhibits chlamydia psittaci replication in human macrophages. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) previously has been shown to inhibit the replication of chlamydia psittaci in epithelial cells by inducing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, the enzyme that decyclizes tryptophan to n-formylkynurenine. the role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in ifn-mediated inhibition of c. psittaci in human macrophages has now been examined. peripheral blood monocytes from normal donors were isolated and cultivated 10-14 days to allow differentiation to macrophages. cells were then treat ... | 1989 | 2501398 |
| [the most frequent infectious causes of abortion in sheep in north bavaria with special reference to chlamydia and salmonella infections]. | between 1980 and 1987 1153 ovine fetuses and placentas were examined after abortion. in 68.5% of the cases a cause of abortion could be diagnosed as follows: 43.5% chlamydia psittaci var. ovis, 10.7% salmonella abortus ovis, 3.7% coxiella burnetii, 3.3% listeria monocytogenes and 0.4% campylobacter fetus intestinalis. hemolyzing escherichia coli and streptococci, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella enteritidis, corynebacterium pyogenes and other facultative pathogens ... | 1989 | 2503908 |
| a farming systems study of abortion in dairy cattle on the atherton tableland. 2. the pattern of infectious diseases. | the role of infectious agents on dairy farms on the atherton tableland in tropical north queensland was studied as part of a comprehensive investigation into the causes of bovine abortion. the prevalence of antibody in serums collected from 7 herds whose annual abortion rates ranged from 3% to 21% were as follows: leptospira hardjo 49.9% (426/853), l. pomona 0.4% (3/851), bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) 33.7% (35/104). infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibr) 11.5% (12/105), akabane virus 92.2 ... | 1989 | 2505741 |
| [psittacosis: report of 7 cases]. | the development and systematic use of microserological techniques have allowed to identify the etiology of a higher number of respiratory diseases, that could hardly have been considered some years ago and that now are known to play a more common role in clinical practice than usually thought. in the present study, the clinical, radiological and epidemiological features of seven patients are reported; they were seen in our health center during a 16 month period and the diagnosis of chlamydia psi ... | 1989 | 2518881 |
| [laboratory and clinical studies on clarithromycin in pediatrics]. | clarithromycin (te-031, a-56268) is a new 14-membered ring macrolide antibiotic developed by taisho pharmaceutical co., ltd. te-031 has a methoxy group at position 6 in its structure. in the present study, we carried out laboratory and clinical investigations on te-031 in the field of pediatrics. the obtained results are summarized as follows. the antibacterial activity of te-031 was investigated against 16 clinically isolated strains of streptococcus pyogenes, staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus ... | 1989 | 2526242 |
| molecular techniques for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis. | a dna probe assay (pace; gen-probe, san diego, calif.) was compared with a culture reference method for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis. using stock isolates of each of the 15 serovars (a to k, ba, l1, l2, and l3) of c. trachomatis, the lower limit of sensitivity for the dna probe ranged between 1,086 inclusion-forming units (ifu) for serovar e (bour) to 2,930 ifu for serovar l1 (440), with the only exception being serovar c (tw-3), with which 99 ifu was detected. there was no cross-react ... | 1989 | 2584383 |
| chlamydia psittaci infection in robins. | | 1989 | 2595995 |
| the effect of chlamydial infection on the initiation of premature labour: serial measurements of intrauterine prostaglandin e2 in amniotic fluid, allantoic fluid and utero-ovarian vein, using catheterised sheep experimentally infected with an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci. | the initiation of premature labour by an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci was studied in relation to prostaglandin e2 (pge2), which plays a major role in parturition. the local intrauterine concentration of pge2 was monitored after experimental infection with c. psittaci, during late gestation, using a catheterised sheep model. indwelling catheters were implanted into the amniotic and allantoic cavities of six control sheep, and into six sheep infected with an ovine abortion of c. psi ... | 1989 | 2608698 |
| sequence analysis of the major outer membrane protein gene of an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci. | the major outer membrane protein (momp) gene from an ovine abortion strain of chlamydia psittaci (s26/3) has been cloned and sequenced. the gene shows the features of other chlamydial momps but comparison with the previously reported sequence for the ovine abortion isolate a22/m has revealed substantial sequence divergence which is clustered into the same four intramolecular regions as the sequence variation found between c. trachomatis serovars. subsequent restriction enzyme analysis of a22/m d ... | 1989 | 2612883 |
| a clinical and epidemiological study of "ornithosis" caused by chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia pneumoniae (strain twar). | ornithosis is a notifiable disease in sweden since 1954. in 1981 and 1982 a sharp increase in the number of notifications occurred. since then the number has declined but is still high. a changed epidemiology characterized by no history of bird contact and no common source, raised the suspicion of a new agent. serological data now suggest that the epidemic was to a substantial part due to chlamydia pneumoniae (strain twar) (48% of the patients during 1981-1982 compared to 9% during 1984-1987). d ... | 1989 | 2617210 |
| [inventory of the shedding of chlamydia psittaci by parakeets in the utrecht area using elisa]. | using a chlamydia-elisa test to detect the agent in cloacal swabs in budgerigars and other parakeets, the following findings may be summarised: --10/25 breeders of budgerigars (40 per cent) housed birds shedding the agent, involving ten per cent of all birds tested, average shedding being 28 per cent in positive lofts. --4/15 pet shops (27 per cent) were found to have positive birds on sale, at least three per cent of all tested birds being shedders, the proportion of shedders averaging nine per ... | 1989 | 2617495 |
| plasmid diversity within the genus chlamydia. | examination of 12 chlamydia psittaci strains recovered from nine different host species (three avian and six mammalian) revealed the presence of a 7.5 kb plasmid in all isolates except two ovine abortion strains, the human strain iol207 and the cal 10 strain. restriction mapping analysis distinguished four different plasmids that were associated with avian, feline, equine and guinea-pig c. psittaci isolates, respectively. the restriction maps of these four c. psittaci plasmid types all differed ... | 1989 | 2621449 |
| conserved dna sequences in chlamydial plasmids. | two 7.4-kb plasmids from chlamydia psittaci have been cloned and characterized. these plasmids are quite distinct from the 6.2-kb c. psittaci and the c. trachomatis plasmids when compared by restriction endonuclease analysis. the plasmids show considerable cross-hybridization, with only a small region highly conserved and identified as a 4 x 22-bp tandemly repeated region. this sequence is identical in the two size categories of c. psittaci plasmids and differs from c. trachomatis plasmids by on ... | 1989 | 2623085 |
| guineapig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) in a commercial colony. | serological findings in a commercial colony of hartley guineapigs revealed that about 70% had antibodies to chlamydia psittaci as detected by the microimmunofluorescence method. conjunctivitis was evident in 14% of 86 guineapigs examined. chlamydial antigen was detected in conjunctival scrapings by a direct immunofluorescence test using chlamydia-specific monoclonal antibody; however, c. psittaci was not demonstrated by other methods. | 1989 | 2651796 |
| [the occurrence and significance of chlamydia psittaci and coxiella burnetii in dogs and cats. a study of the literature]. | with this review of the literature it is demonstrated that not only infections with chl. psittaci and c. burnetii do occur in dogs and cats in the federal republic of germany but also clinical diseases caused by these agents may occur. especially in diseases with uncharacteristic symptoms both bacteria have to be taken into consideration as causative agents. since both agents cause zoonotic infections a correct diagnosis is of special importance, especially if the owner of a diseased dog or cat ... | 1989 | 2662958 |
| serological cross-reactivity among chlamydial strains in a family outbreak of psittacosis. | three members of a family of nine persons contracted psittacosis with severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, delirium, hepatitis and renal involvement. a newly purchased cockatiel was probably the primary source of infection but person-to-person transmission is likely to have taken place between twin brothers who shared a bedroom, one of whom had no direct contact with birds. type-specific chlamydial serological tests identified the infecting agent as chlamydia psittaci. the highest titres in th ... | 1989 | 2674292 |
| an enzyme immunoassay to detect specific antibodies to protein and lipopolysaccharide antigens of chlamydia trachomatis. | we have developed an enzyme immunoassay to measure antibodies to the proteins and lipopolysaccharide (lps) of chlamydia trachomatis. antibodies to proteins could be differentiated from antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (lps) by treatment of the antigen with periodate or triton x-100. some important parameters of the oxidation by periodate were studied by comparing the response of several monoclonal antibodies. four types of response could be observed: type i, a reduced response after mild or stro ... | 1989 | 2681425 |
| respiratory and pericardial lesions in turkeys infected with avian or mammalian strains of chlamydia psittaci. | three groups of turkeys were inoculated with strains of c. psittaci (b577, vs1, tt3) from different restriction endonuclease groups. turkeys were necropsied at 15 times through post-inoculation day 70. birds infected with the tt3 strain were lethargic and had decreased body weight. after forced exercise, dyspnea was seen in vs1-infected turkeys. pericarditis was the most severe lesion in tt3-infected birds. airsacculitis and bronchopneumonia were the most severe lesions in vs1-infected turkeys. ... | 1989 | 2686147 |
| [treatment of pneumonia caused by legionella, mycoplasma, chlamydiae and rickettsia using ofloxacin]. | to asses the efficacy and the safety of ofloxacin as therapy of pneumonia caused by intracellular pathogens, 35 patients were studied (26 male, 9 female, mean age: 52.5 +/- 16.6 years). causative pathogens were chlamydia psittaci (n = 13), legionella pneumophila (n = 10), mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 7) and coxiella burnetii (n = 5). ofloxacin was administered orally in 32 cases (200 mg b.i.d. in 80% of cases) and by i.v. route in 3 cases. all patients were cured without any side effects. in concl ... | 1989 | 2691969 |
| [successful treatment of a patient with fulminant psittacosis]. | a previously healthy 40-year-old woman was admitted with severe dyspnea, cough and slight fever. chest x-ray film revealed bilateral widespread opaque infiltration with ground glass shadows around it. the laboratory examination showed moderate hepatic and muscular injury with disseminated intravascular coagulation. in addition her arterial blood gas showed severe hypoxemia (pao2: 25 torr under room air). moreover, about 1 week prior to admission, 2 baby budgerigars she had been raising for half ... | 1989 | 2693784 |
| detection of chlamydia psittaci in free-ranging koalas (phascolarctos cinereus): dna hybridization and immuno-slot blot analyses. | dna-slot hybridization and immuno-slot blot analyses were compared for the detection of chlamydia psittaci in crude swab material from free-ranging koalas. immuno-slot blot analysis detected chlamydiae in 43 out of 68 koalas, with the sensitivity of the assay varying from 52 to 73% depending on the site of infection. gene probe analysis was also used employing a genus-specific probe pcko-10 isolated from a koala chlamydial gene library (ocular strain) and a plasmid probe pcku cloned from a uroge ... | 1989 | 2696197 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the major outer membrane protein genes of two chlamydia psittaci strains. | we cloned and sequenced the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein (momp) of two chlamydia psittaci strains, guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis (gpic) strain 1, and meningopneumonitis (mn) strain cal-10. intraspecies alignment of the two c. psittaci momp genes revealed 80.6% similarity, and interspecies comparison of c. trachomatis and c. psittaci momp genes yielded about 68% similarity. as found previously for c. trachomatis momp sequences, stretches of predominantly conserved sequence ... | 1989 | 2707861 |
| further characterization of a bacteriophage recovered from an avian strain of chlamydia psittaci. | the genome of a 22 nm icosahedral phage which infects some avian chlamydia psittaci strains recovered from domestic ducks has been characterized as a ss circular dna molecule of about 4850 bases. the replicative form of this genome was isolated from purified chlamydial organisms. a restriction endonuclease cleavage site map of the genome was constructed from dsdna synthesized in vitro from ss phage dna and ecori fragments were then cloned into puc9. the phage genome was detected only by southern ... | 1989 | 2732718 |
| a prospective hospital study of the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia. | in a one-year prospective study of 106 adults (mean age, 60 years) who were admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia, an aetiological diagnosis was made in 82 (77%) patients. streptococcus pneumoniae was considered to be responsible for 44 (42%) and respiratory viruses for 19 (18%) infections. other aetiological agents that were found in a smaller number of patients included haemophilus influenzae (9% of patients), enteric gram-negative bacilli (8% of patients), staphylococcus aure ... | 1989 | 2739613 |
| chlamydia psittaci excretion in ovine milk tested. | | 1989 | 2750065 |
| pulsed-field gel electrophoresis determination of the genome size of obligate intracellular bacteria belonging to the genera chlamydia, rickettsiella, and porochlamydia. | the chromosome length of obligate intracellular procaryotes was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of intact or noti- and sfii-restricted genomes. sizes averaged 2,100, 1,720, 1,550, 2,650, and 1,450 kilobases for rickettsiella grylli, rickettsiella melolonthae, porochlamydia buthi, porochlamydia chironomi, and chlamydia psittaci and chlamydia trachomatis, respectively. an sfii restriction map of the r. melolonthae genome was derived. | 1989 | 2753864 |
| an outbreak of psittacosis in minnesota turkey industry workers: implications for modes of transmission and control. | from june through november 1986, an outbreak of psittacosis occurred in turkey industry workers in central minnesota. a total of 186 suspect cases were identified, and 122 cases (66%) were serologically confirmed. cases occurred in three turkey processing plants, two rendering plants, one farm, and one "further processing" plant (where meat is removed from previously eviscerated carcasses and consumer products, such as roasts, are made). as in previous outbreaks, workers exposed to the viscera o ... | 1989 | 2764001 |
| haemolytic anaemia due to cold agglutinins caused by psittacosis. | a 69-yr-old previously healthy woman, presenting with jaundice and the clinical symptoms of an atypical pneumonia, was hospitalized. haemolytic anaemia due to cold agglutinins was diagnosed, and erythromycin therapy for a suspected mycoplasma pneumoniae infection was instituted. serological testing revealed, however, that the infection was attributable to chlamydia psittaci. the literature on psittacosis and haematological complications is reviewed. cold agglutinins are sometimes found in associ ... | 1989 | 2770941 |
| variations in the virulence of strains of chlamydia psittaci for pregnant ewes. | invasive and non-invasive strains of chlamydia psittaci isolated from faeces of clinically healthy ewes and from vaginal swabs of ewes which had aborted were injected intravenously or intradermally into pregnant ewes. the results were studied by recording the ewes' thermal and serological responses, lambing performance and the excretion of chlamydia from the vagina. the differences between the effects of different invasive strains were greater after intradermal inoculation than after intravenous ... | 1989 | 2773238 |
| [incidence of coxiella burnetti and chlamydia psittaci in cattle in southern bohemia]. | in 1986 and 1987 in six districts and 22 localities of the southern bohemian region, and in one district and one locality of the western bohemian region the total of 747 head of cattle was examined by a microagglutination method (mar) and complement fixation method (kfr) for antibodies to coxiella burnetii and chlamydia psittaci. the positivity of c. burnetii detection was 44.4% in mar and 16.5% in kfr. the positivity of chl. psittaci detection was 7.1%. the widespread incidence and highly posit ... | 1989 | 2800248 |
| seroprevalence of chlamydia psittaci-specific antibodies in small stock in namibia--epidemiological study with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). | an igg (h+l)-elisa was applied as a screening test for antibodies against chlamydia (c.) psittaci in sera of goats and sheep in namibia. in 576 (27.3%) of a total of 2,107 sera (299 = 25.2% of 1,185 caprine and 277 = 30.0% of 922 ovine sera) chlamydial antibodies could be detected. 86% of all farms tested revealed seropositive animals. chlamydial infections were prevalent in all the geographical regions tested. the infection rates per state veterinary district varied from 12.0% (otjiwarongo) to ... | 1989 | 2800787 |
| characterization of the new chlamydia agent, twar, as a unique organism by restriction endonuclease analysis and dna-dna hybridization. | several molecular techniques were used for comparison of the novel chlamydia agent, twar, with chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia psittaci. unlike all serotypes of c. trachomatis and most strains of c. psittaci, the eight twar isolates examined did not contain extrachromosomal dna. twar was readily distinguished from c. trachomatis or c. psittaci by restriction endonuclease analysis, whereas identical or nearly identical restriction patterns were observed among the twar isolates. southern blot ... | 1987 | 2822763 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of dna from two isolates of chlamydia psittaci obtained from human abortions. | | 1987 | 2825905 |
| comparison of chlamydia psittaci isolates by restriction endonuclease and dna probe analyses. | dnas from eight chlamydia psittaci isolates (koala conjunctivitis, avian psittacosis, avian ornithosis, ovine abortion, ovine polyarthritis, sporadic bovine encephalomyelitis, and feline conjunctivitis) and one chlamydia trachomatis isolate (lymphogranuloma venereum) were compared by restriction endonuclease and dna probe analyses. digestion with hindiii yielded a series of discrete fragments which allowed the differentiation of most isolates. a gene probe, pfen207, which encodes the chlamydia-s ... | 1988 | 2826336 |
| serological investigations for some bacterial and viral pathogens in fallow deer (cervus dama) and wild boar (sus scrofa) of the san rossore preserve, tuscany, italy. | sera of 43 fallow deer (cervus dama) of the san rossore preserve (tuscany, italy) were examined for antibodies against eight pathogens; one proved positive for brucella sp., 21 for listeria monocytogenes, 34 for chlamydia psittaci, three for coxiella burnetii, one for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, 11 for parainfluenza-3 virus, 25 for bovine viral diarrhea virus and six for bovine respiratory syncytial virus. no age and sex difference in the positivity rates and titers was evidenced, w ... | 1988 | 2832622 |
| restriction endonuclease analysis of dna from chlamydia trachomatis biovars. | dna from a total of 60 chlamydia trachomatis isolates was examined by restriction endonuclease analysis. strains from all established biovars and serovars were tested. there was great diversity between the mouse biovar and the lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv) and trachoma biovars. the lgv and trachoma biovar isolates generated similar fragment patterns; however, distinct fragments appeared to be unique to both biovars, thus allowing differentiation of these two major groups. in most cases, strains ... | 1988 | 2835386 |
| [serological survey of feline leukemia virus infection and the outcome of antibody-positive cats]. | a serological survey was carried out to examine the presence of antibodies against feline leukemia virus (felv) and feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (focma) in 208 cat sera collected at teikyo university school of medicine. seven cats (3.4%) were positive for felv antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay whereas no cat was positive for focma antibody by indirect membrane immunofluorescent test. anemia, leukemia and/or lymphoma formation were not observed in these felv ... | 1988 | 2840305 |
| [chlamydia twar respiratory infection in cytomegalovirus infection]. | a middle-aged male smoker with cytomegalovirus infection developed a respiratory tract infection, mostly bronchitis, associated with a low chlamydia psittaci titer and a high c. trachomatis titer in indirect immunofluorescence tests. this situation, previously encountered in children and elderly people having no contact with birds and no genital infection, was reminiscent of the twar strains interhuman infections described by grayston and wang. a serum sample was therefore sent to proff. graysto ... | 1988 | 2847139 |
| comparison of dna-spot hybridization, cell culture and direct immunofluorescence staining for the diagnosis of avian chlamydiae. | dna-spot hybridization, cell culture and direct immunofluorescence staining were compared for the detection of avian chlamydia psittaci strains in cell culture dilutions and in routine samples submitted for diagnosis. with dilutions of infected cell culture material, growth in bgm cells was by far the most sensitive technique, detecting 0.01 infected cells (20 elementary bodies) ml-1. dna-spot hybridization and direct immunofluorescence staining were of approximately equal sensitivity, both dete ... | 1988 | 2847401 |
| disulfide-mediated interactions of the chlamydial major outer membrane protein: role in the differentiation of chlamydiae? | the effects of exogenous reducing agents on a number of biological properties of purified chlamydia trachomatis lgv-434 and chlamydia psittaci meningopneumonitis elementary bodies (ebs) have been examined in an attempt to identify in vitro correlates of early events in the differentiation of the infectious eb to the replicative cell type, the reticulate body (rb). treatment of ebs with dithiothreitol elicited a number of changes normally associated with differentiation to the rb. ebs in the pres ... | 1985 | 2857160 |
| prevalence of various enteropathogens in the feces of diarrheic and healthy calves. | the presence of various enteropathogens was examined in the feces of homebred dairy calves reared in a restricted geographical area of france (north west of county of indre-et-loire) during winter 1983-1984. two distinct surveys were carried on: a case-control study including 32 diarrheic calves and 21 healthy calves bred in 53 different farms; and a separate study on nine diarrheic calves in another farm. the following infectious agents were looked for, by specific methods of detection: escheri ... | 1986 | 2877609 |
| exposure to chlamydia psittaci in pregnancy. | | 1987 | 2883467 |
| symptomatic chlamydia psittaci reinfection. | | 1988 | 2896822 |
| superimposed high frequency ventilation with conventional mechanical ventilation. | a 73-year-old man with ards-multiple organ failure due to chlamydia psittaci, was successively supported with conventional respiratory techniques. after 48 hours of no clinical improvement, hfv was superimposed to cmv in order to combine the advantages of each one. since improvement has been seen in all ventilatory parameters, this method is suggested as another mode of ventilation for patients with refractory hypoxia and hypercarbia who do not respond to conventional respiratory care. | 1989 | 2920598 |
| relationship between virulence of chlamydia psittaci strains and establishment of persistent infection of mccoy cells. | the pathogenicity of chlamydial strains for their natural hosts and their ability to induce persistent infections in mccoy cells were compared. both virulent and avirulent strains persistently infected mccoy cells, but the appearance of the cell culture varied between strains. avirulent strains induced completely inapparent persistent infection (infection type 1), while with invasive strains the culture alternated between periods of cell multiplication and periods of extensive cytopathic change ... | 1989 | 2922922 |
| comparison of protein patterns between invasive and non-invasive ovine strains of chlamydia psittaci. | protein patterns displayed in sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds) electrophoresis by invasive and noninvasive strains of chlamydia psittaci showed three constant differences, the most distinctive being a band at 90 kd from invasive strains. in comparison with other methods so far described, this method provides a more efficient means of differentiating between invasive and non-invasive strains. furthermore, it may lead to the development of improved methods of diagnosis. | 1989 | 2922504 |
| [etiological structure of pneumonias in children and adults]. | the bacteriological study of sputa, nasopharyngeal smears and bronchial washings taken from pneumonia patients has shown that the leading etiological agent was streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in the diagnostic titre (10(7) bacteria per ml) in 78.1% of the cases. staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, enterobacteria and yeast-like fungi have been found to play an insignificant role in the etiology of acute pneumonia (2.5 +/- +/- 0.9%). the results of the serological diagnosis by means o ... | 1987 | 2960106 |