| identification and characteristics of micrornas from army worm, spodoptera frugiperda cell line sf21. | micrornas play important regulatory role in all intrinsic cellular functions. amongst lepidopteran insects, mirnas from only bombyx mori have been studied extensively with a little focus on spodoptera sp. in the present study, we identified a total of 226 mirnas from spodoptera frugiperda cell line sf21. of the total, 116 mirnas were well conserved within other insects, like b. mori, drosophila melanogaster and tribolium castenum while the remaining 110 mirnas were identified as novel based on c ... | 2015 | 25693181 |
| distribution, cleavage and lipidation of atg8 fusion proteins in spodoptera litura sl-hp cells. | atg8 proteins fused with tags are commonly used to detect autophagy. the expression patterns of lepidopteran insect atg8 are relatively well documented. however, the influence of protein tags on characterization of atg8 is still not very clear. our results showed that endogenous spodoptera litura atg8 and ha tagged atg8 driven by the baculovirus ie2 promoter were enriched in cytoplasm. the recombinant plasmid pegfp-atg8(egfp) in which atg8 contained a stop codon was constructed and expressed. gr ... | 2014 | 24788719 |
| identification of micrornas in helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura based on deep sequencing and homology analysis. | the current identification of micrornas (mirnas) in insects is largely dependent on genome sequences. however, the lack of available genome sequences inhibits the identification of mirnas in various insect species. in this study, we used a mirna database of the silkworm bombyx mori as a reference to identify mirnas in helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura using deep sequencing and homology analysis. because all three species belong to the lepidoptera, the experiment produced reliable result ... | 2012 | 23289012 |
| identification and comparative expression analysis of odorant binding protein genes in the tobacco cutworm spodoptera litura. | insect odorant binding proteins (obps) are thought to involve in insects' olfaction perception. in the present study, we identified 38 obp genes from the antennal transcriptomes of spodoptera litura. tissue expression profiles analysis revealed that 17 of the 38 slitobp transcripts were uniquely or primarily expressed in the antennae of both sexes, suggesting their putative role in chemoreception. the rpkm value analysis revealed that seven obps (slitpbp1-3, slitgobp1-2, slitobp3 and slitobp5) a ... | 2015 | 26346731 |
| identification, expression and target gene analyses of micrornas in spodoptera litura. | micrornas (mirnas) are small rnas widely present in animals and plants and involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene transcripts. in this study we identified and validated 58 mirnas from an est dataset of spodoptera litura based on the computational and experimental analysis of sequence conservation and secondary structure of mirna by comparing the mirna sequences in the mirbase. rt-pcr was conducted to examine the expression of these mirnas and stem-loop rt-pcr assay was performed to ... | 2012 | 22662202 |
| insecticidal and growth inhibitory potential of streptomyces hydrogenans dh16 on major pest of india, spodoptera litura (fab.) (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | destructive impacts of insecticides on non targeted populations necessitate the development of an eco friendly pest control method. streptomyces spp. are rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites which may provide valuable alternatives to chemical insect-control agents as they can be less toxic and readily biodegradable. because of its potent biocontrol attributes, ethyl acetate extract of streptomyces hydrogenans dh16, a soil isolate, was tested to assess its anti-insect potential against ... | 2014 | 25163674 |
| complete genome sequence of agrotis segetum granulovirus shanghai strain. | the complete nucleotide sequence of agrotis segetum granulovirus shanghai strain (agsegv-l1) was determined and compared with that of agsegv xinjiang strain (agsegv-xj). the circular genome of agsegv-l1 is 131,442 bp and has a g+c content of 37.27 %. it includes 149 orfs, 24 of which are unique to agsegv (agsegv-l1 and agsegv-xj [genbank accession no. nc_005839]). the average level of amino acid sequence identity between agsegv-l1 and other granulovirus (gv) homologues (except agsegv-xj) ranged ... | 2014 | 24519461 |
| evaluation of total phenolic compounds and insecticidal and antioxidant activities of tomato hairy root extract. | tomatoes are one of the most consumed crops in the whole world because of their versatile importance in dietary food as well as many industrial applications. they are also a rich source of secondary metabolites, such as phenolics and flavonoids. in the present study, we described a method to produce these compounds from hairy roots of tomato (thrs). agrobacterium rhizogenes strain a4 was used to induce hairy roots in the tomato explants. the ri t-dna was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction am ... | 2014 | 24635720 |
| ectopic overexpression of wssgtl1, a sterol glucosyltransferase gene in withania somnifera, promotes growth, enhances glycowithanolide and provides tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. | overexpression of sterol glycosyltransferase (sgtl1) gene of withania somnifera showing its involvement in glycosylation of withanolide that leads to enhanced growth and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. withania somnifera is widely used in ayurvedic medicines for over 3000 years due to its therapeutic properties. it contains a variety of glycosylated steroids called withanosides that possess neuroregenerative, adaptogenic, anticonvulsant, immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. the ... | 2016 | 26518426 |
| transplastomic nicotiana benthamiana plants expressing multiple defence genes encoding protease inhibitors and chitinase display broad-spectrum resistance against insects, pathogens and abiotic stresses. | plastid engineering provides several advantages for the next generation of transgenic technology, including the convenient use of transgene stacking and the generation of high expression levels of foreign proteins. with the goal of generating transplastomic plants with multiresistance against both phytopathogens and insects, a construct containing a monocistronic patterned gene stack was transformed into nicotiana benthamiana plastids harbouring sweet potato sporamin, taro cystatin and chitinase ... | 2014 | 24479648 |
| antifungal, insecticidal, and plant growth promoting potential of streptomyces hydrogenans dh16. | in the present study, an actinobacterium strain, possessing antagonistic activity against different fungal phytopathogens viz. colletotrichum acutatum, cladosporium herbarum, alternaria brassicicola, exserohilum sp., alternaria mali, colletotrichum gleospoiroides, alternaria alternata, cercospora sp., fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi and fusarium moniliformae, was isolated from soil and identified as streptomyces hydrogenans dh16. application of culture supernatant (5%)/cells (10(7) cfu ml(-1) ... | 2014 | 23765423 |
| endophyte-mediated interactions between cauliflower, the herbivore spodoptera litura, and the ectoparasitoid bracon hebetor. | fungal endosymbionts in plants may influence interactions among plants, herbivores and their parasitoids through the production of secondary metabolites. we used a lepidopteran pest and its generalist parasitoid to test the effect of endophyte-infected plants on a third trophic level. endophytic fungi, aspergillus flavus and aspergillus niger, isolated from acacia arabica, were used to infect cauliflower plants. we found that the presence of the endophyte in the plants significantly extended the ... | 2015 | 26041060 |
| insecticidal activity of ethyl acetate extracts from culture filtrates of mangrove fungal endophytes. | in the search for novel potent fungi-derived bioactive compounds for bioinsecticide applications, crude ethyl acetate culture filtrate extracts from 110 mangrove fungal endophytes were screened for their toxicity. toxicity tests of all extracts against brine shrimp (artemia salina) larvae were performed. the extracts with the highest toxicity were further examined for insecticidal activity against spodoptera litura larvae and acetylcholinesterase (ache) inhibition activity. the results showed th ... | 2015 | 26190921 |
| in-vitro antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antifeedant and larvicidal properties of novel quinone isolated from aegle marmelos (linn.) correa. | plant metabolites have wide applications and have the potential to cure different diseases caused by microorganisms. the aim of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial, antibiofilm, cytotoxic, antifeedant and larvicidal properties of novel quinine isolated from aegle marmelos (linn.) correa. | 2014 | 25359605 |
| molecular dynamics and protein interaction studies of lipopeptide (iturin a) on α- amylase of spodoptera litura. | the small mottled willow moth (spodoptera litura) is one of the best-known agricultural pest insects. to understand the insecticidal activity, we have selected iturin a compound produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens rhnk22 which showed the strongest and most common inhibitory effect on the spodoptera litura protein. in this work we have identified the action of iturin a on α- amylase is a major digestive enzyme of spodoptera litura using docking studies. a 3d model of α- amylase from spodoptera ... | 2017 | 27940096 |
| bacillus subtilis chitinase identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry has insecticidal activity against spodoptera litura fab. | an extracellular chitinase was identified and purified (cs1 and cs2) from bacillus subtilis. the 16s rrna sequencing was submitted in genbank (accession numbers kc336487 and kc412256). the purified crude enzymes were identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analysis. the peptide sequences were matched with chitinase sequences. the peak m/z with 1297. 592 and 3094.570 mascot search resulted sequence was blasted w ... | 2014 | 25454515 |
| insecticidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of allium sativum. | to evaluate the insecticidal, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of bulb extracts of allium sativum (a. sativum). | 2012 | 22546657 |
| responses of the cutworm spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) to two bt corn hybrids expressing cry1ab. | to examine the responses of the secondary lepidopteran pest spodoptera litura to two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrids [5422bt1 (event bt11), 5422cbcl (mon810)] expressing cry1ab, larval bioassays with cry1ab toxin, corn leaves or kernels and bagging on corn plants were conducted. the results showed that larvae displayed a similar performance when fed kernels, but not leaves of 5422bt1, 5422cbcl and their near-isogenic non-bt corn (5422). significantly higher cry1ab amounts were detected ... | 2017 | 28186125 |
| insecticidal activity and histopathological effects of vip3aa protein from bacillus thuringiensis on spodoptera litura. | vegetative insecticidal proteins (vips) are insecticidal proteins synthesized by bacillus thuringiensis during the vegetative stage of growth. in this study, vip3aa protein, obtained by in vitro expression of the vip3aa gene from b. thuringiensis wb5, displayed high insecticidal activity against spodoptera litura aside from spodoptera exigua and helicoverpa armigera. bioassay results showed that the toxicity of vip3aa protein against s. litura larvae statistically decreased along with the increa ... | 2016 | 27435544 |
| transcriptional profiling analysis of spodoptera litura larvae challenged with vip3aa toxin and possible involvement of trypsin in the toxin activation. | vip proteins, a new group of insecticidal toxins produced by bacillus thuringiensis, are effective against specific pests including spodoptera litura. here, we report construction of a transcriptome database of s. litura by de novo assembly along with detection of the transcriptional response of s. litura larvae to vip3aa toxin. in total, 56,498 unigenes with an n50 value of 1,853 bp were obtained. results of transcriptome abundance showed that vip3aa toxin provoked a wide transcriptional respon ... | 2016 | 27025647 |
| cloning, characterization and expression of a novel haplotype cry2a-type gene from bacillus thuringiensis strain swk1, native to himalayan valley kashmir. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is a gram positive bacterium which is effectively being used in pest management strategies as an eco-friendly bioinsecticide. in the present study a new cry2a gene was cloned from a promising indigenous b. thuringiensis swk1 strain previously characterized for its toxicity against spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera larvae. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned cry2a gene pointed out that the open reading frame has 1902 bases encoding a polypeptide of 634 amino ... | 2016 | 26906447 |
| in-silico determination of insecticidal potential of vip3aa-cry1ac fusion protein against lepidopteran targets using molecular docking. | study and research of bt (bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic plants have opened new ways to combat insect pests. over the decades, however, insect pests, especially the lepidopteran, have developed tolerance against bt delta-endotoxins. such issues can be addressed through the development of novel toxins with greater toxicity and affinity against a broad range of insect receptors. in this computational study, functional domains of bacillus thuringiensis crystal delta-endotoxin (cry1ac) insectici ... | 2015 | 26697037 |
| [characterization and cloning of the cry2a gene from indigenous isolates of bacillus thuringiensis]. | discovery of novel cry genes of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) with higher toxicity is important for the development of transgenic bt crops resistant to target pests. two new indigenous isolates of bt were characterized for their colony type, crystal inclusion and toxicity with helicoverpa armigera hubner and spodoptera litura linn. screening of cry2a genes from the two new isolates of bt, t30 and t48, by pcr with cry2a family primers showed the presence of cry2a genes only in the isolate t30. furt ... | 2017 | 26299858 |
| homologs to cry toxin receptor genes in a de novo transcriptome and their altered expression in resistant spodoptera litura larvae. | insect resistance threatens sustainability of insecticides based on cry proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). since high levels of resistance to cry proteins involve alterations in cry-binding midgut receptors, their identification is needed to develop resistance management strategies. through illumina sequencing we generated a transcriptome containing 16,161 annotated unigenes for the oriental leafworm (spodoptera litura). transcriptome mining identified 6 contigs with identi ... | 2015 | 25981133 |
| endogenous expression of a bt toxin receptor in the cry1ac-susceptible insect cell line and its synergistic effect with cadherin on cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac. | although many insect cell lines derived from various tissues are available, it is unclear whether endogenous receptors of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal toxins are expressed in these cell lines. in the present study, we demonstrated that the ovaries-derived spodoptera litura sl-hp cell line was susceptible to activated cry1ac although larvae of s. litura are not susceptible to the toxin. assays of the transcriptome revealed that thirteen atp-binding cassette transporter genes (abc) were exp ... | 2015 | 25662100 |
| expression of recombinant and mosaic cry1ac receptors from helicoverpa armigera and their influences on the cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac to spodoptera litura sl-hp cells. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin receptors play important roles in the killing of pests, and investigation on characterization of the receptors is essential for utilization of bt and management of insect resistance. here, recombinant and mosaic receptors of bt cry1ac toxin from helicoverpa armigera were expressed in spodoptera litura sl-hp cells and their influences on cytotoxicity of activated cry1ac toxin were investigated. when h. armigera aminopeptidase n1 (apn1), alkaline phosphatase 2 (al ... | 2016 | 25412589 |
| responses of 9 lepidopteran species to bacillus thuringiensis: how useful is phylogenetic relatedness for selecting surrogate species for nontarget arthropod risk assessment? | to evaluate phylogenetic relatedness as a proxy for susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) when selecting species to act as surrogates for others in prerelease testing, we examined the responses of 11 laboratory-reared lepidopteran colonies, comprising members of 2 families, 5 genera, and 9 species, to a commercial bt preparation. survival, pupal mass, and timing of pupation and adult emergence of 2 noctuids (spodoptera litura and helicoverpa armigera) and 7 tortricids (cnephasia jactatan ... | 2015 | 25111652 |
| coexpression of the silent cry2ab27 together with cry1 genes in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai sp41 leads to formation of amorphous crystal toxin and enhanced toxicity against helicoverpa armigera. | the unexpressed cry2ab27 gene of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai sp41 (sp41) consists of a single open reading frame (orf) of 1902bp encoding for 634 amino acid residues. the cry2ab27 gene appears to be silent due to the lack of promoter and terminator sequences. in this study we fused the cry2ab27 orf with the cry1ab promoter (500bp) and the terminator (300bp) in vector pht304-18z in order to drive the expression of cry2ab27 in both sp41 and an acrystaliferous, b. thuringiensis subsp. thu ... | 2014 | 24412546 |
| characterization of parasporin gene harboring indian isolates of bacillus thuringiensis. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is popularly known as insecticidal bacterium. however, non-insecticidal bt strains are more extensively available in natural environment than the insecticidal ones. parasporin (ps) is a collection of genealogically heterogeneous cry proteins synthesized in non-insecticidal isolates of bt. an important character generally related with ps proteins is their strong cytocidal activity preferentially on human cancer cells of various origins. identification and characterizat ... | 2014 | 28324389 |
| characterization of atg8 in lepidopteran insect cells. | yeast atg8 and mammalian microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (lc3) are landmark proteins essential for autophagy. here the lepidopteran atg8, a homolog of lc3, is characterized. sequence analysis reveals that atg8 proteins are highly conserved in lepidopteran species. the abundance of endogeous atg8 and the ratios of atg8 conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine (atg8-pe)/atg8 are different among several lepidopteran cell lines and different tissues of helicoverpa armigera larvae. both t ... | 2013 | 23959953 |
| the role of three calcineurin subunits and a related transcription factor (crz1) in conidiation, multistress tolerance and virulence in beauveria bassiana. | the eukaryotic calcineurin (cn) pathway comprising catalytic a (cna) and regulatory b subunits (cnb) is crucial for many biological processes but functionally unexplored in entomopathogenic fungi. here, we characterise three cn subunits (cna1, cna2 and cnb) and a downstream cn-responsive zinc finger transcription factor (crz1) in beauveria bassiana. cn-mediated phosphatase activity decreased by 16-38 % in all deletion mutants compared with wild type. growth and conidiation were most defective in ... | 2015 | 25324131 |
| bbssk1, a response regulator required for conidiation, multi-stress tolerance, and virulence of beauveria bassiana. | ssk1-type response regulator proteins are the core elements of histidine-to-aspartate systems that mediate fungal stress tolerance, a determinant to the biocontrol potential of fungal entomopathogens. we characterized the functions of beauveria bassiana ssk1 (bbssk1) by analyzing multi-phenotypic changes in δbbssk1 and differentially expressed genes in the digital gene expression (dge) libraries of δbbssk1 and wild-type constructed under osmotic stress. the bbssk1 disruption caused 25 % reductio ... | 2014 | 24633371 |
| [antioxidation and multidrug resistance of structure-similar atp-binding cassette transporter proteins in two fungal entomopathogens]. | structure-similar atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter proteins, bbt1 in beauveria bassiana (bb) and ift1 in isaria fumosorosea (if), were characterized. | 2013 | 23614237 |
| differential contributions of five abc transporters to mutidrug resistance, antioxidion and virulence of beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus. | multidrug resistance (mdr) confers agrochemical compatibility to fungal cells-based mycoinsecticdes but mechanisms involved in mdr remain poorly understood for entomopathogenic fungi, which have been widely applied as biocontrol agents against arthropod pests. here we characterized the functions of five atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters, which were classified to the subfamilies abc-b (mdr1), abc-c (mrp1) and abc-g (pdr1, pdr2 and pdr5) and selected from 54 full-size abc proteins of beauver ... | 2013 | 23596534 |
| the autophagy gene bbatg5, involved in the formation of the autophagosome, contributes to cell differentiation and growth but is dispensable for pathogenesis in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | autophagy is a highly conserved process, representing the major eukaryotic degradative pathway of cellular components. autophagy-mediated recycling of cellular materials contributes to cell differentiation, tissue remodelling and proper development. in fungi, autophagy is required for normal growth and cell differentiation. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana and its invertebrate targets represent a unique model system with which to examine host-pathogen interactions. the atg5 gene is ... | 2013 | 23197175 |
| efficacy of sub lethal concentration of entomopathogenic fungi on the feeding and reproduction of spodoptera litura. | in the present investigation, impact of sub lethal concentrations of entomopathogenic fungi, namely isaria fumosorosea, beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces variotii, secondary metabolite on feeding, growth, fecundity and hatchability of spodoptera litura was performed. the s. litura treated with i. fumosorosea and b. bassiana metabolites exhibited renounced food consumption. the growth rate of treated s. litura with metabolite of i. fumosorosea had drastic reduction. in the case of approximate d ... | 2015 | 26558183 |
| cloning, expression analysis, and molecular modeling of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor alpha2 subunit gene from the common cutworm, spodoptera litura. | intensive research on the molecule structures of the gamma-nminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor in agricultural pests has great significance to the mechanism investigation, resistance prevention, and molecular design of novel pesticides. the gaba receptor a2 (slgabarα2) subunit gene in spodoptera litura (fabricius) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) was cloned using the technologies of reverse transcription pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends. the gemonic dna sequence of slgabarα2 has 5164 bp with 8 exo ... | 0 | 23909412 |
| rnai-mediated knockdown of catalase causes cell cycle arrest in sl-1 cells and results in low survival rate of spodoptera litura (fabricius). | deregulated reactive oxygen species (ros) production can lead to the disruption of structural and functional integrity of cells as a consequence of reactive interaction between ros and various biological components. catalase (cat) is a common enzyme existing in nearly all organisms exposed to oxygen, which decomposes harmful hydrogen peroxide, into water and oxygen. in this study, the full length sequence that encodes cat-like protein from spodoptera litura named siltcat (genbank accession numbe ... | 2013 | 23555693 |
| distribution, occurrence and natural invertebrate hosts of indigenous entomopathogenic fungi of central india. | we report here that, during periodical surveys of insects inhabiting diverse habitats for the collection of entomopathogenic fungi; a large number of isolates were recovered belonging to seven species, from various regions of madhya pradesh and chhattisgarh forest areas and agricultural fields. the most common entomopathogenic fungi such as beauveria bassiana, nomuraea rileyi, paecilomyces farinosus and paecilomyces fumosoroseus were found to infect various insect hosts species naturally viz. hy ... | 2010 | 23100813 |
| antifungal and antiproliferative activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of markhamia tomentosa. | plants harbor endophytes with potential bioactivity. markhamia tomentosa (benth) k. schum ex. engl. (bignoniaceae) is reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. | 2017 | 27937112 |
| tobacco map kinase phosphatase (ntmkp1) negatively regulates wound response and induced resistance against necrotrophic pathogens and lepidopteran herbivores. | mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) cascades are universal signal transduction pathways in eukaryotic cells. in tobacco, two mapk, wound-induced protein kinase (wipk) and salicylic acid (sa)-induced protein kinase (sipk), are activated by biotic and abiotic stresses. both wipk and sipk positively regulate the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid (ja) or ethylene (et) while negatively regulating sa accumulation. we showed previously that recombinant tobacco mapk phosphatase (ntmkp1) protein dephosph ... | 2013 | 23425101 |
| insecticidal potential of an endophytic cladosporium velox against spodoptera litura mediated through inhibition of alpha glycosidases. | alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity was exhibited by partially purified fractions obtained from an endophytic cladosporium velox, isolated from tinospora cordifolia. taking into account the increasing importance of digestive enzyme inhibitors as insecticidal agents, the entomopathogenic potential of the fractions obtained was evaluated against spodoptera litura (fab.), a polyphagous pest. considerable mortality was obtained when the larvae were fed on diet supplemented with the partially purif ... | 2016 | 27265826 |
| pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from gut of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and fitness costs of insect associated with consumption of bacteria. | gut microbes contribute to the health of insects and perturbations in the composition or location of gut microbiota can lead to pathological states and host mortality. we explored the culturable bacterial community in the gut of spodoptera litura (fab.) larvae, which is a polyphagous pest. bacterial isolates were identified as microbacterium arborescens (sl6), enterococcus casseliflavus (sl10) and enterobacter cloacae (sl11) by using culture dependent technique based on 16s rrna gene sequencing. ... | 2015 | 25725116 |
| the generalist inside the specialist: gut bacterial communities of two insect species feeding on toxic plants are dominated by enterococcus sp. | some specialist insects feed on plants rich in secondary compounds, which pose a major selective pressure on both the phytophagous and the gut microbiota. however, microbial communities of toxic plant feeders are still poorly characterized. here, we show the bacterial communities of the gut of two specialized lepidoptera, hyles euphorbiae and brithys crini, which exclusively feed on latex-rich euphorbia sp. and alkaloid-rich pancratium maritimum, respectively. a metagenomic analysis based on hig ... | 2016 | 27446044 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor from rhizome of ligusticum chuanxiong. | to clone and characterize a novel bi-functional α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (lasi) from the rhizome of ligusticum chuanxiong, a traditional chinese medicine. | 2017 | 27752792 |
| [the gene expression of the protein slawd, mediating the toxic effect of destruxin a on spodoptera litura larvae, in procaryotic cells: purification and characterization]. | spodoptera litura is one of the most destructive phytophagous pest infesting cotton, vegetable, oilseed and ber crops around the world. dextruxin a (da), is a one of a kind microbial insecticide, which has potent toxins with bioactivity against s. litura larvae. an abnormal wing disc (awd) protein was identified as a da toxic effect protein in s. litura sl-1 cells. to better understand the role of the awd gene of s. litura (slawd) it was purified and characterized. the entire coding region of th ... | 2015 | 25845231 |
| identification and expression analysis of qm-like gene from spodoptera litura after challenge by the entomopathogenic fungus nomuraea rileyi. | a partial sequence of qm homologue was isolated from a spodoptera litura fatbody suppression subtractive hybridization library. the full-length spodoptera litura qm (splqm) cdna of 838 bp contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 112 bp, a 3' utr of 66 bp, and an open reading frame of 660 nucleotides coding for a 219 amino acid peptide with a molecular weight of 25.5 kda. analysis of splqm sequence revealed the presence of characteristic motifs, including the ribosomal protein l10 signature and ... | 2014 | 25528750 |
| isolation, structure modeling and function characterization of a trypsin inhibitor from cassia obtusifolia. | a trypsin inhibitor gene (coti1) from cassia obtusifolia was isolated and the deduced amino acid sequence was attributed to the kunitz-type trypsin inhibitor. the recombined coti1, expressed in e. coli, exhibited strong inhibitory effect on bovine trypsin and trypsin-like proteases from helicoverpa armigera, spodoptera exigua, and spodoptera litura. coti1 thus presents insecticidal properties that may be useful for the genetic engineering of plants. leu84, arg86 and thr88 were predicted as three ... | 2015 | 25479703 |
| srp gene is required for helicoverpa armigera prophenoloxidase activation and nodulation response. | srp gene was first identified from the fall webworm, hyphantria cunea as one of genes up-regulated after bacteria injection. a rent study in spodoptera litura showed that stress-induced elevation of srp expression highly correlates with reduced feeding activities and growth retardation of larvae. in this study, we identified a srp gene from the cotton bollworm, helicoverpa armigera, namely ha-srp, and studied its precise roles in insect immunity. expressions of ha-srp were upregulated in h. armi ... | 2014 | 24333441 |
| thioredoxin peroxidase gene is involved in resistance to biocontrol fungus nomuraea rileyi in spodoptera litura: gene cloning, expression, localization and function. | thioredoxin peroxidases (tpxs) are a ubiquitous family of antioxidant enzymes that play important roles in protecting organisms against oxidative stress. here, one tpx was cloned from spodoptera litura named as sltpx. the full-length cdna consists of 1165 bp with 588 bp open reading frame, encoding 195 amino acids. the putative amino acid sequence shared >70% identity with tpxs from other insects. phylogenetic analysis revealed that sltpx is closely related to other available lepidopteran tpxs. ... | 2014 | 24296440 |
| molecular cloning, expression and molecular modeling of chemosensory protein from spodoptera litura and its binding properties with rhodojaponin iii. | insects stimulate specific behaviors by the correct recognition of the chemicals in the external environment. rhodojaponin iii is a botanical grayanoid diterpenid oviposition deterrent isolated from rhododendron molle. in this study we aimed to determine whether the csps involved in the recognition of rhodojaponin iii. a full-length cdna encoding chemosensory protein was isolated from the antennae of spodoptera litura fabricius (cspslit, genbank accession no. dq007458). the full-length cdna of n ... | 2012 | 23133516 |
| [cloning, expression and insecticidal activity of the pira2b2 gene from photorhabdus luminescens tt01]. | the predicted amino acid sequence of locus plu4437-plu4436 in the genome of photorhabdus luminescens tt01 (referred to as pira2b2) has a consistency of 50% and 45% with locus plu4093-plu4092 (referred to as pira1b1) , respectively. pira1b1 has been confirmed with oral insecticidal activity against plutella xylostella and mosquito. the purpose of the present study was to examine whether pira2b2 possesses insecticidal activity. | 2012 | 22799220 |
| characterization of a eukaryotic type serine/threonine kinase in spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus-i (spltnpv-i). | an open reading frame (orf) of 819nt coding for a predicted protein of 272 amino acids was identified in the genome of spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltnpv-i). sequence derived amino acid sequence analysis of this orf suggested it to be a eukaryotic type protein kinase having conserved i-xi subdomains of hanks kinase. in addition to kinase catalytic domains, this hypothetical protein had two bromodomains which could play regulatory roles in transcription. the orf was expressed as appr ... | 2007 | 17553586 |
| cloning and characterization of ecdysone receptor and ultraspiracle cdnas from spodoptera litura. | the insect molting hormone, ecdysone, induces a series of events critical for ecdysis, beginning with the formation of a complex between ecdysteroid receptor (ecr) and its partner protein, ultraspiracle (usp). in the present study, we cloned cdnas encoding ecr and usp by rt-pcr and 5'-/3'-race from the common cutworm, spodoptera litura, a destructive agricultural pest insect in east asia. hexahistidine-tagged recombinant ecr and usp of s. litura were expressed in e. coli, and the proteins, after ... | 2005 | 15891077 |
| expression and purification of virus like particles (vlps) of foot-and-mouth disease virus in eri silkworm (samia cynthia ricini) larvae. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious viral disease, which causes severe economic loss to livestock. virus like particles (vlps) produced by recombinant dna technology are gaining importance because of their immunogenic properties and safety in developing a new vaccine for fmd. in the present study, a practical and economically feasible approach of expression, purification and characterization of vlps of fmdv in eri silkworm (samia cynthia ricini) larvae was described. although thr ... | 2016 | 26925448 |
| phylogenetic position and replication kinetics of heliothis virescens ascovirus 3h (hvav-3h) isolated from spodoptera exigua. | insect-specific ascoviruses with a circular genome are distributed in the usa, france, australia and indonesia. here, we report the first ascovirus isolation from spodoptera exigua in hunan, china. dna-dna hybridization to published ascoviruses demonstrated that the new china ascovirus isolate is a variant of heliothis virescens ascovirus 3a (hvav-3a), thus named hvav-3h. we investigated the phylogenetic position, cell infection, vesicle production and viral dna replication kinetics of hvav-3h, ... | 2012 | 22792245 |
| catalases play differentiated roles in the adaptation of a fungal entomopathogen to environmental stresses. | the catalase family of beauveria bassiana (fungal entomopathogen) consists of cata (spore-specific), catb (secreted), catp (peroxisomal), catc (cytoplasmic) and catd (secreted peroxidase/catalase), which were distinguished in phylogeny and structure and functionally characterized by constructing single-gene disrupted and rescued mutants for enzymatic and multi-phenotypic analyses. total catalase activity decreased 89% and 56% in δcatb and δcatp, corresponding to the losses of upper and lower act ... | 2013 | 22891860 |
| evaluation of strains of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana against spodoptera litura on the basis of their virulence, germination rate, conidia production, radial growth and enzyme activity. | ten strains of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana were evaluated to find the most effective strain for optimization studies. the first criterion tested for strain selection was the mortality (> 50%) of spodoptera litura larvae after inoculation of the fungus for 4 days. results on several bioassays revealed that b. bassiana bnbcrc showed the most virulence on mortality s. litura larvae (80% mortality). b. bassiana bnbcrc also showed the highest germination r ... | 2012 | 22870053 |
| recognition of a core fragment ofbeauveria bassiana hydrophobin gene promoter (p hyd1) and its special use in improving fungal biocontrol potential. | to identify a suitable promoter for use in engineering fungal entomopathogens to improve heterologous gene expression and fungal biocontrol potential, a 1798 bp promoter (p hyd1) upstream of beauveria bassiana class i hydrophobin gene (hyd1) was optimized by upstream truncation and site-directed mutation. a truncated 1290 bp fragment (p hyd1-t1) drove egfp expression in b. bassiana much more efficiently than full-length p hyd1. further truncating p hyd1-t1 to 1179, 991 and 791 bp or mutating one ... | 2013 | 22639846 |
| synthesis of novel 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-thiones and evaluation of their biocidal effects. | novel 12-aryl-8,9,10,12-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-thiones have been synthesized in high yields by treatment of the corresponding oxo analogs with lawesson's reagent. the structure has been confirmed by x-ray analysis. the compounds were tested for in vitro antifungal activity against rhizoctonia bataticola, sclerotium rolfsii, fusarium oxysporum and alternaria porii. the compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against all pathogens. insecticidal activity of these compounds against spod ... | 2012 | 23153816 |
| molecular characterization of autophagy-related gene 5 from spodoptera exigua and expression analysis under various stress conditions. | autophagy is not only involved in development, but also has been proved to attend immune response against invading pathogens. autophagy protein 5 (atg5) is an important autophagic protein, which plays a crucial role in autophagosome elongation. although atg5 has been well studied in mammal, yeast, and drosophila, little is known about atg5 in lepidopteran insects. we cloned putative seatg5 gene from spodoptera exigua larvae by the rapid amplification of cdna ends method, and its characteristics ... | 2016 | 27226059 |
| identification of soybean myc2-like transcription factors and overexpression of gmmyc1 could stimulate defense mechanism against common cutworm in transgenic tobacco. | myc2 is a basic helix-loop-helix leu zipper transcription factor (tf). here, 22 putative soybean myc-like tfs were identified bioinformatically. of these tfs, seven myc2-like genes without introns were isolated and characterized. all seven gmmycs displayed transactivation activity in yeast cells. six genes (excepting gmmyc3) were expressed in the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and seed wall but not in the developing seeds and up-regulated after insect feeding. the gmmyc1 transgenic tobacco rejec ... | 2014 | 24863293 |
| plant defence induced by pgpr against spodoptera litura in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.). | the research conducted including its rationale: spodoptera litura is the major pest of tomato causing significant reduction in tomato yield. application of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(pgpr) prevent use of chemical fertilizer and synthetic pesticides through enhancement of plant growth and yield and induction of systemic resistance. present investigation is an attempt to evaluate the role of pgpr, pseudomonas putida and rothia sp. on the physiology and yield of tomato fruit infested with ... | 2017 | 28004873 |
| temperature effect on novel entomopathogenic nematode steinernema siamkayai stock, somsook and reid (n. sp.) and its efficacy against spodoptera litura fabricius (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | the efficacy of steinernema siamkayai is a new species that isolate in thailand and the well known previous species are steinernema carpocapsae and steinernema riobrave against 3rd instar larvae of common cutworm, spodoptera litura, and last instar larvae of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella was evaluated under laboratory condition. the optimal temperature for new entomopathogenic nematode, s. siamkayai at 50 and 100 ijs per larvae to penetrate into s. litura and g. mellonella larvae were hi ... | 2009 | 20222622 |
| spodoptera litura autophagy-related protein 1 interacts with autophagy-related protein 5 and enhances its degradation. | it is known that the autophagy-related protein 1 (atg1) plays critical roles in the regulation of autophagy in mammals and yeast, whereas the function of atg1 in lepidopteran insects is not well elucidated. here spodoptera litura atg1 (slatg1) and its interactions with other atg proteins were characterized. alternative splicing of slatg1 produced at least four transcript variants. over-expression and rna interference knockdown of slatg1 demonstrated that slatg1 enhanced autophagy. slatg1a-green ... | 2017 | 27902874 |
| sweet potato nac transcription factor, ibnac1, upregulates sporamin gene expression by binding the swre motif against mechanical wounding and herbivore attack. | sporamin is a tuberous storage protein with trypsin inhibitory activity in sweet potato (ipomoea batatas lam.), which accounts for 85% of the soluble protein in tubers. it is constitutively expressed in tuberous roots but is expressed in leaves only after wounding. thus far, its wound-inducible signal transduction mechanisms remain unclear. in the present work, a 53-bp dna region, sporamin wound-response cis-element (swre), was identified in the sporamin promoter and was determined to be respons ... | 2016 | 26996980 |
| characterization of putative virulence factors of serratia marcescens strain sen for pathogenesis in spodoptera litura. | two serratia marcescens strains, sen and icc-4, isolated from diseased insect cadavers were observed to differ considerably in their virulence towards spodoptera litura. the present study was aimed to characterize the possible virulence factors present in the virulent serratia marcescens strain sen. both the s. marcescens strains were evaluated for the presence of various lytic enzymes such as chitinase, lipase, protease and phospholipase. the virulent s. marcescens strain sen was observed to po ... | 2017 | 27993620 |
| biocontrol potential of steinernema thermophilum and its symbiont xenorhabdus indica against lepidopteran pests: virulence to egg and larval stages. | under laboratory conditions, the biocontrol potential of steinernema thermophilum was tested against eggs and larval stages of two important lepidopteran insect pests, helicoverpa armigera and spodoptera litura (polyphagous pests), as well as galleria mellonella (used as a model host). in terms of host susceptibility of lepidopteran larvae to s. thermophilum, based on the lc50 36 hr after treatment, g. mellonella (lc50 = 16.28 ij/larva) was found to be more susceptible than s. litura (lc50 = 85 ... | 2014 | 24643472 |
| chemically mediated prey-approaching behaviour of the reduviid predator rhynocoris fuscipes (fabricius) (insecta: heteroptera: reduviidae) by y-arm olfactometer. | the reduviid predator, rhynocoris fuscipes (fabricius) (heteroptera: reduviidae) is a potential predator inhibiting diverse agroecosystems and preying upon about 50 minor as well as major insect pests. the prey approaching behaviour of r. fuscipes (fabricius) to the hexane extracts of insect pests viz., helicoverpa armigera hubner, spodoptera litura (fabricius), achaea janata linnaeus, dysdercus cingulatus fabricius and mylabris indica thunberg was assessed in y-shaped olfactometer in terms of e ... | 2013 | 24511748 |
| limonoids from the leaves of soymida febrifuga and their insect antifeedant activities. | three new phragmalin-type limonoids (1-3) were isolated from the leaves of soymida febrifuga together with thirteen known limonoids. the structures of these compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. all these isolates were evaluated for their anti-feedant activities in tobacco caterpillar (spodoptera litura) and castor semilooper (achaea janata) using a no-choice laboratory bioassay. among the tested, compounds 9 and 15 demonstrated the potent anti-feedant index (76.46 μg/cm ... | 2014 | 24412073 |
| effects of destruxins on free calcium and hydrogen ions in insect hemocytes. | destruxins, cyclohexadepsipeptidic mycotoxins isolated from the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae, inhibit innate insect immunity. however, their mechanism of action remains unclear. in this study, the effects of destruxins on changes in free calcium and hydrogen ions in the hemocytes of exolontha serrulata, bombyx mori and the spodoptera litura sl-1 cell line were detected using laser scanning confocal microscopy (lscm). an instant ca(2+) influx of hemocytes induced by destruxins a ... | 2014 | 23956215 |
| identification of naphthol derivatives as novel antifeedants and insecticides. 1. | a series of β-naphthol-derived 2-aminobenzothiazolomethylnaphthol derivatives (4a-4q) were synthesized and purified in excellent yields (86-94%) using green protocols and screened for their antifeedant and toxic activities against tobacco caterpillar (spodoptera litura) and castor semilooper (achaea janata) using no-choice leaf disk and topical bioassay methods. four of them, 4d, 4f, 4i, and 4j, were identified to be potent antifeedants with ed50 values of 16.4, 19.3, 7.0, and 5.2 μg/cm(2) again ... | 2014 | 24956147 |
| molecular and in silico characterization of achaea janata granulovirus granulin gene. | achaea janata granulovirus (acjagv), an insect virus belonging to baculoviridae, infects semilooper, a widely distributed defoliating pest on castor beans (ricinus communis l.) and several other plant hosts in india. the propagation and purification of the hyderabad isolate acjagv were performed, granulin gene from this isolate was amplified, cloned and sequenced, and its homology with other known granulin genes was assessed. the 753-bp granulin orf of acjagv encoded for a granulin protein of 25 ... | 2016 | 26984814 |
| expression of cry1ac in transgenic bt soybean lines and their efficiency in controlling lepidopteran pests. | two transgenic lines of the soybean glycine max, mon87701 expressing the cry1ac protein and mon87701rr2y expressing cry1ac + epsps proteins, were evaluated for their resistance to four lepidopteran pests in the laboratory using detached-leaf bioassays throughout the soybean growth seasons (before anthesis, during anthesis and after anthesis) in china. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were used to monitor the cry1ac expression in soybean leaves. | 2013 | 23564718 |
| expression of chitinase genes of metarhizium anisopliae isolates in lepidopteran pests and on synthetic media. | pathogenecity of the well characterized entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae used for biocontrol of a wide range of insect pests secretes hydrolytic enzymes that degrade the host cuticle. the chitinolytic activity of high and low virulent isolates of m. anisopliae was assayed on minimal medium (mm) + colloidal chitin and mm supplemented with insect cuticles. ex- pression pattern of four chitinase genes (chitinase (chi), chi 1, chi 2, chi 3) was profiled during pathogenic stages of the ... | 2012 | 22581664 |
| lepidopteran insect susceptibility to silver nanoparticles and measurement of changes in their growth, development and physiology. | increased use of nanomaterials in various fields of science has lead for the need to study the impact of nanomaterial on the environment in general and on insect and plant life in particular. we studied the impact of silver nanoparticles (agnps) on growth and feeding responses of two lepidopteran pests of castor plant (ricinus communis l.) namely asian armyworm, spodoptera litura f. and castor semilooper, achaea janata l. larvae were fed with pvp coated-agnps treated castor leaf at different con ... | 2015 | 25482980 |
| insecticidal and cytotoxic activities of extracts of cacalia tangutica and its two active ingredients against musca domestica and aedes albopictus. | the insecticidal activities of extracts from different parts of cacalia tangutica (franch.) h.-m. and two active ingredients, friedelin and stigmasterol, against musca domestica l., aedes albopictus (skuse), and spodoptera litura (f.) cells (sl cells) are reported. extracts from leaves, flowers, and roots are highly active against adult m. domestica and the fourth-instar larvae of ae. albopictus. the foliar extract was the most active with lc50 values of 1.74 mg/g and 196.94 microg/ml against ad ... | 2009 | 19736755 |
| chemical constituents of the aerial part of derris elliptica. | a new coumaronochromone, 6,4'-dihydroxy-7,5' -dimethoxy-coumaronochromone (1), together with eleven known flavonoids (2-12) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the aerial part of derris elliptica. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. compounds 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9 exhibited moderate insecticidal activities against larvae of aedes albopictus. all compounds showed strong cytotoxic activities against spodoptera litura (sl) and trichoplusia ni bti-tn-5b1-4 (hi-5 ... | 2012 | 22414317 |
| physiological effects of resveratrol and coumaric acid on two major groundnut pests and their egg parasitoid behavior. | groundnut, arachis hypogea l., is one of the plant species that synthesizes phenolic compounds, resveratrol and coumaric acid. they are induced as a defense strategy in plant in response to feeding lepidopterans. the present study investigated the role of resveratrol and coumaric acid in producing antiherbivore effects as a direct defense against two major groundnut pests, spodoptera litura f. and amsacta albistriga w., and in indirect defense by attracting the egg parasitoid trichogramma chilon ... | 2016 | 26890503 |
| molecular characterization of nucleopolyhedrovirus of three lepidopteran pests using late expression factor-8 gene. | a pcr based method for detection of viral dna in nucleopolyhedrovirus of three lepidopterans, spodoptera litura, amsacta albistriga and helicoverpa armigera, was developed by employing the late expression factor-8 (lef-8) gene of three npv using specific primers. the amplicons of 689, 699 and 665 bp were amplified, respectively, and the nucleotide sequences were submitted to genbank and the accession numbers were obtained. the sequences of lef-8 gene of s. litura npv and h. armigera npv matched ... | 2013 | 24426259 |
| integration of botanicals and microbials for management of crop and human pests. | insect pests inflict damage to humans, farm animals, and crops. human and animal pests put more than 100 million people and 80 million cattle at risk worldwide. plant pests are the main reason for destroying one fifth of the world's total crop production annually. anopheles stephensi is the major vector of human malaria in middle east and south asian regions. spodoptera litura is a polyphagous pest of vegetables and field crops. because of its broad host range, this insect is also known as clust ... | 2013 | 23052771 |
| economic injury level and demography-based control timing projection of spodoptera litura (lepidoptera: noctuidae) at different growth stages of arachis hypogaea. | spodoptera litura (f.), one of the most devastating pests in many asian countries, is normally controlled by relying on chemical insecticides. to encourage an integrated pest management approach, we determined the economic injury level (eil) for s. litura on peanut, arachis hypogaea l., by larval infestation with late instars at different crop growth stages. the cumulative consumption rate of the fifth- and sixth-instars was used as the relative unit for the "spodoptera injury equivalent" (sie). ... | 2017 | 28334106 |
| glutathione s-transferase slgste1 in spodoptera litura may be associated with feeding adaptation of host plants. | spodoptera litura is polyphagous pest insect and feeds on plants of more than 90 families. in this study the role of glutathione s-transferase epilson 1 (slgste1) in s. litura in detoxification was examined. this gene was up-regulated in the midgut of s. litura at the transcriptional and protein levels when the insect fed on brassica juncea or diet containing phytochemicals such as indole-3-carbinol and allyl-isothiocyanate that are metabolic products of sinigrin and glucobrassicin in b. juncea. ... | 2016 | 26631599 |
| transgenics in groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) expressing cry1acf gene for resistance to spodoptera litura (f.). | large number of primary transgenic events were generated in groundnut by an agrobacterium mediated, in planta transformation method to assess the efficacy of cry1acf against the spodoptera litura. the amplification of required size fragment of 750 bp with npt ii primers and 901 bp with cry1acf gene primers confirmed the integration of the gene. the expression of the cry gene was ascertained by elisa in t2 generation, and the maximum concentration of cry protein in transgenic plants reached appro ... | 2013 | 24431503 |
| pesticidal properties of parthenin (from parthenium hysterophorus) and related compounds. | eleven sesquiterpene lactone derivatives of parthenin (1), obtained from wild feverfew, parthenium hysterophorus, were prepared by chemical and photochemical transformations. the compounds tested were a pyrazoline adduct (2) of parthenin, its cyclopropyl (3) and propenyl (4) derivatives, anhydroparthenin (5), a dihydro-deoxygenated product (6), a formate (7) and its corresponding alcohol (8) and acetate (9), a rearranged product (10), lactone (11) and hemiacetal (12). all these derivatives, alon ... | 2001 | 11455638 |
| enhanced production of azadirachtin by hairy root cultures of azadirachta indica a. juss by elicitation and media optimization. | azadirachtin is one of the most potent biopesticides so far developed from a plant sources. influence of different culture media and elicitation on growth and production of azadirachtin by hairy root cultures of azadirachta indica was studied. out of the three media tested, namely ohyama and nitsch, gamborg's and murashige and skoog's basal media, hairy roots cultured on ohyama and nitsch's basal medium produced maximum yield of azadirachtin (0.0166% dry weight, dw). addition of biotic elicitor ... | 2007 | 17109981 |
| response of steinernema carpocapsae infective juveniles to the plasma of three insect species. | exsheathed infective juveniles of steinernema carpocapsae all strain were attracted to the plasma of three species of insects in agar plate bioassays. plasma of pieris rapae crucivora, spodoptera litura, and agrotis segetum attracted 88.6%, 80.4%, and 64.4%, respectively, of steinernema carpocapsae juveniles added to plates. autoclaved plasma of s. litura larvae attracted more juveniles than saline controls, but less than nonautoclaved plasma. the active agent passed through a 14,000 mw dialysis ... | 1992 | 19283217 |
| insect resistance in tomato accessions and their hybrid derivatives in tamil nadu, india. | host plant resistance offers a viable alternative to the use of chemical insecticides for managing insects infesting tomato. hence, a study was carried out in tamil nadu, india during 1996 to 2004. an exhaustive germplasm comprising 321 tomato accessions including cultivars, wild lines, land races, tribal/native tomatoes was gathered from various sources and screened for resistance against the major pest namely fruit worm, helicoverpa armigera hubner (noctuidae: lepidoptera). in the field screen ... | 2005 | 16628895 |
| peroxiredoxin 5 from common cutworm (spodoptera litura) acts as a potent antioxidant enzyme. | in this study, we describe the cloning and characterization of a prx from the common cutworm spodoptera litura (slprx5). the slprx5 cdna contains an open reading frame of 477 bp encoding a predicted protein of 159 amino acid residues, 16.902 kda, and an isoelectric point of 7.68. furthermore, the deduced amino acid sequence of the slprx5 cdna showed 86% identity to papilio xuthus prx5, 72% to aedes aegypti prx5, and 64-67% to other insect prxs. a phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the d ... | 2014 | 24998343 |
| population and damage projection of spodoptera litura (f.) on peanuts (arachis hypogaea l.) under different conditions using the age-stage, two-sex life table. | the common cutworm, spodoptera litura (fabricus), is the most serious pest of peanuts in taiwan. in order to devise an ecology-based and cost-effective control program, we collected life table data and consumption rates from larvae reared indoors at a constant temperature of 25°c, or outdoors at ambient temperatures during the spring and fall of 2010. a computer simulation was then used to project the population growth and damage potential of s. litura on peanuts. | 2014 | 23893943 |
| herbicidal and cytotoxic constituents from aralia armata (wall.) seem. | two new triterpenoids, 3β-hydroxyoleana-11,13(18)-diene-28,30-dioic acid (1) and 3-oxooleana-11,13(18)-diene-28,30-dioic acid (2), one novel triterpenoid glycoside, 3β-o-(6'-o-methyl-β-d-glucuronopyranosyl)oleana-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (3) along with six known compounds (4 - 9) were isolated from the stem bark of aralia armata (wall.) seem. their structures were elucidated through extensive spectroscopic methods. the herbicidal activities of these compounds against bidens pilosa l., an invas ... | 2016 | 26948515 |
| conversion of volatile alcohols into their glucosides in arabidopsis. | exposure of tomato plants to volatile chemicals emitted from common cutworm (spodoptera litura)-infested conspecifics led to accumulation of the glycoside, (z)-3-hexenyl vicianoside. accumulation of (z)-3-hexenyl vicianoside in the exposed plants has adverse impacts on the performance of the common cutworms. the aglycon of (z)-3-hexenyl vicianoside is derived from airborne (z)-3-hexenol emitted from infested plants. the ability to incorporate and convert (z)-3-hexenol to its corresponding glycos ... | 2017 | 26629260 |
| pheromone lure and trap color affects bycatch in agricultural landscapes of utah. | aerial traps, using combinations of color and attractive lures, are a critical tool for detecting and managing insect pest populations. yet, despite improvements in trap efficacy, collection of nontarget species ("bycatch") plagues many insect pest surveys. bycatch can influence survey effectiveness by reducing the available space for target species and increasing trap screening time, especially in areas where thousands of insects are captured as bycatch in a given season. additionally, bycatch ... | 2016 | 27412193 |
| reexamination of chlorophyllase function implies its involvement in defense against chewing herbivores. | chlorophyllase (clh) is a common plant enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of chlorophyll to form chlorophyllide, a more hydrophilic derivative. for more than a century, the biological role of clh has been controversial, although this enzyme has been often considered to catalyze chlorophyll catabolism during stress-induced chlorophyll breakdown. in this study, we found that the absence of clh does not affect chlorophyll breakdown in intact leaf tissue in the absence or the presence of methyl-ja ... | 2015 | 25583926 |
| pyridalyl, a novel insecticide: potency and insecticidal selectivity. | pyridalyl is an insecticide of a novel chemical class (unclassified insecticides). toxicity of pyridalyl to two insect pest species, spodoptera litura and frankliniella occidentalis, an insect predator, orius stringicollis, and a pollinator, bombus terrestris, was evaluated in the laboratory. the insecticidal activity of pyridalyl against s. litura was evaluated using the leaf-dipping method. the potency of pyridalyl was highly effective against all development stages (2nd to 6th instar larvae) ... | 2005 | 15756699 |
| 20-hydroxyecdysone positively regulates the transcription of the antimicrobial peptide, lebocin, via bmets and bmbr-c z4 in the midgut of bombyx mori during metamorphosis. | metamorphosis is an essential physiological process in insects. this process is triggered by 20-hydroxyecydsone (20e). lebocin, an antimicrobial peptide of lepidoptera insects, was significantly up-regulated in the midgut, but not in the fat body of bombyx mori during metamorphosis. in this study, the expression regulation of lebocin in b. mori midgut was studied. the results showed that b. mori lebocin and its activator bmets were not responsive to bacterial infection in the midgut, instead, th ... | 2017 | 28390932 |
| differential expression of chemosensory-protein genes in midguts in response to diet of spodoptera litura. | while it has been well characterized that chemosensory receptors in guts of mammals have great influence on food preference, much remains elusive in insects. insect chemosensory proteins (csps) are soluble proteins that could deliver chemicals to olfactory and gustatory receptors. recent studies have identified a number of csps expressed in midgut in lepidoptera insects, which started to reveal their roles in chemical recognition and stimulating appetite in midgut. in this study, we examined exp ... | 2017 | 28331183 |
| degradation of rrna in bm-n cells from the silkworm bombyx mori during abortive infection with heterologous nucleopolyhedroviruses. | cell lines derived from the silkworm, bombyx mori, are only permissive for b. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv), with other npvs generally resulting in abortive infection. here, we demonstrate that rrna of b. mori bm-n cells undergoes rapid degradation through site-specific cleavage upon infection with npvs from autographa californica (acmnpv), hyphantria cunea (hycumnpv), spodoptera exigua (semnpv) and spodoptera litura (spltmnpv). no significant decreases in cellular rna were observed in ld652y, ... | 2013 | 23784443 |
| molecular characterization of ephestia kuehniella (lepidoptera: pyralidae) transferrin and its response to parasitoid venturia canescens (hymenoptera: ichneumonidae gravenhorst). | in the present study, we characterized a full-length cdna encoding a putative iron-binding protein transferrin from the lepidopteran mediterranean flour moth (ektrf, 2397 bp). the putative ektrf is 683 amino acids with a molecular mass of approximately 76 kda. the deduced amino acid sequence showed significant homology with other insect transferrins from chilo suppressalis (76%), galleria mellonella (75%), plutella xylostella (72%), manduca sexta (74%), bombyx mori (73%), spodoptera litura and ( ... | 2012 | 22229520 |
| plant volatile eliciting facs in lepidopteran caterpillars, fruit flies, and crickets: a convergent evolution or phylogenetic inheritance? | fatty acid amino acid conjugates (facs), first identified in lepidopteran caterpillar spit as elicitors of plant volatile emission, also have been reported as major components in gut tracts of drosophila melanogaster and cricket teleogryllus taiwanemma. the profile of fac analogs in these two insects was similar to that of tobacco hornworm manduca sexta, showing glutamic acid conjugates predominantly over glutamine conjugates. the physiological function of facs is presumably to enhance nitrogen ... | 2014 | 24744735 |