| movement of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in southeast asia detected using pcr-based dna fingerprinting. | abstract two outwardly directed primers complementary to sequences in is1112, a repetitive element isolated from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, were used to fingerprint dna from a set of 71 bacterial blight pathogen strains using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), pcr-based restriction analysis, and ligation-mediated pcr. to allow amplification of long dna fragments, standard amplification conditions were altered to increase the ph, add dimethylsulfoxide, decrease denaturation time, and increase e ... | 1997 | 18945173 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of xoo2316, a predicted 6-phosphogluconolactonase, from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, which is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (oryza sativa l.) in many rice-growing countries. the coding sequence of xoo2316 (a predicted 6-phosphogluconolactonase; 6pgl) from xoo was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. 6pgl is an enzyme that is involved in the second step of the pentose phosphate pathway, which is essential for the synthesis of nucleotide sugars and nadph, the main source of reducing power. the protein ... | 2008 | 18997330 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of peptide deformylase from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | peptide deformylase (pdf) catalyzes the removal of the n-formyl group from the n-terminus of newly synthesized polypeptides; this process is crucial for cell survival. as it is an antibacterial drug target against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), pdf from xoo was cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized. native pdf crystals diffracted to 2.7 a resolution and belonged to the hexagonal space group p6(1)22, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 59.0, c = 266.3 a. one monomer is present in the a ... | 2008 | 18997334 |
| identification and molecular characterization of twin-arginine translocation system (tat) in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae strain pxo99. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial leaf blight, one of the most widespread and destructive bacterial diseases in rice. this study identified and characterized the contribution of the twin-arginine translocation (tat) pathway to motility, chemotaxis, extracellular polysaccharide (eps) production and virulence in x. oryzae pv. oryzae strain pxo99. the tatc disruption mutant (strain tcm) of strain pxo99 were generated, and confirmed both by pcr and southern blotting. strain pxo99 cells ... | 2009 | 18998110 |
| oryr is a luxr-family protein involved in interkingdom signaling between pathogenic xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial leaf blight in rice, contains a regulator that is encoded in the genome, designated oryr, which belongs to the n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-dependent quorum-sensing luxr subfamily of proteins. however, we previously reported that x. oryzae pv. oryzae does not make ahls and does not possess a luxi-family ahl synthase and that the oryr protein is solubilized by a compound present in rice. in this study we obtained further evidence tha ... | 2009 | 19028884 |
| expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of xoo0352, d-alanine-d-alanine ligase a, from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight (bb), which is one of the most devastating diseases of rice in most rice-growing countries. d-alanine-d-alanine ligase a (ddla), coded by the xoo0352 gene, was expressed, purified and crystallized. ddla is an enzyme that is involved in d-alanine metabolism and the biosynthesis of an essential bacterial peptidoglycan precursor, in which it catalyzes the formation of d-alanyl-d-alanine from two d-alanines, and is thus an attractive antiba ... | 2008 | 19052362 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of 3-dehydroquinate synthase, xoo1243, from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the disease bacterial blight results in serious production losses of rice in asian countries. the arob gene encoding dehydroquinate synthase (dhqs), which is a potential antibiotic target, was identified from the plant-pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). dhqs plays an essential role in the synthesis of aromatic compounds in the shikimate pathway. the arob gene (xoo1243) was cloned from xoo and the corresponding dhqs protein was subsequently overexpressed in escherichia coli ... | 2008 | 19052366 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of malonyl-coa-acyl carrier protein transacylase (fabd) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight in rice, which is one of the most devastating diseases in rice-cultivating countries. the xoo0880 (fabd) gene coding for a malonyl-coa-acyl carrier protein transacylase (mcat) from xoo was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. mcat is an essential enzyme that catalyzes a key reaction of fatty-acid synthesis in bacteria and plants: the conversion of malonyl-coa to malonyl-acyl carrier protein. the fabd enzyme was purified and crystal ... | 2008 | 19052370 |
| multiple adhesin-like functions of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae are involved in promoting leaf attachment, entry, and virulence on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is the causal agent of bacterial blight of rice. we have used enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged x. oryzae pv. oryzae cells in conjunction with confocal microscopy to monitor the role of several adhesin-like functions in bacterial adhesion to leaf surface and early stages of leaf entry. mutations in genes encoding either the xanthomonas adhesin-like protein a (xada) or its paralog, xanthomonas adhesin-like protein b (xadb), as well as the x. oryzae pv. oryzae ... | 2009 | 19061404 |
| identification of novel type iii secretion effectors in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | many gram-negative bacteria secrete so-called effector proteins via a type iii secretion (t3s) system. through genome screening for genes encoding potential t3s effectors, 60 candidates were selected from rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae maff311018 using these criteria: i) homologs of known t3s effectors in plant-pathogenic bacteria, ii) genes with expression regulated by hrp regulatory protein hrpx, or iii) proteins with n-terminal amino acid patterns associated with t3s substrates o ... | 2009 | 19061406 |
| a novel bacterial blight resistance gene from oryza nivara mapped to 38 kb region on chromosome 4l and transferred to oryza sativa l. | bacterial blight (bb) of rice caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) is one of the major constraints to productivity in south-east asia. the strategy of using major genes, singly or in combination, continues to be the most effective approach for bb management. currently, more than two dozen genes have been designated but not all the known genes are effective against all the prevalent pathotypes. the challenge, therefore, is to continue to expand the gene pool of effective and potentially d ... | 2008 | 19061530 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of glutamyl-trna synthetase (xoo1504) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the gltx gene from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo1504) encodes glutamyl-trna synthetase (glurs), one of the most important enzymes involved in bacterial blight (bb), which causes huge production losses of rice worldwide. glurs is a class i-type aminoacyl-trna synthetase (aars) that is primarily responsible for the glutamylation of trna(glu). it plays an essential role in protein synthesis, as well as the regulation of cells, in all organisms. as it represents an important target for the deve ... | 2009 | 19153456 |
| constitutive heterologous expression of avrxa27 in rice containing the r gene xa27 confers enhanced resistance to compatible xanthomonas oryzae strains. | the vascular pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) and nonvascular pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) cause bacterial blight (bb) and bacterial leaf streak (bls) diseases of rice, respectively. we have previously identified the avirulence gene avrxa27 from xoo pxo99(a), which specifically induces the expression of the rice resistance gene xa27, ultimately leading to resistance against bb disease in rice. in this study, we have generated a transgenic rice line (l24) that expre ... | 2009 | 19161350 |
| a rice gene of de novo origin negatively regulates pathogen-induced defense response. | how defense genes originated with the evolution of their specific pathogen-responsive traits remains an important problem. it is generally known that a form of duplication can generate new genes, suggesting that a new gene usually evolves from an ancestral gene. however, we show that a new defense gene in plants may evolve by de novo origination, resulting in sophisticated disease-resistant functions in rice. analyses of gene evolution showed that this new gene, osdr10, had homologs only in the ... | 2009 | 19240804 |
| isolation and characterization of bioactive and antibacterial compound from helianthus annuus linn. | a bioactive compound with antibacterial activity was isolated and purified from the extract of leaves of sunflower, helianthus annuus. the bioactive compound was characterized using 1h and 13c nmr. the compound induced auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin in oryza sativa and phaseolus mungo. it also showed activity against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | 2008 | 19245180 |
| suppression of a phospholipase d gene, ospldbeta1, activates defense responses and increases disease resistance in rice. | phospholipase d (pld) plays an important role in plants, including responses to abiotic as well as biotic stresses. a survey of the rice (oryza sativa) genome database indicated the presence of 17 pld genes in the genome, among which ospldalpha1, ospldalpha5, and ospldbeta1 were highly expressed in most tissues studied. to examine the physiological function of pld in rice, we made knockdown plants for each pld isoform by introducing gene-specific rna interference constructs. one of them, ospldbe ... | 2009 | 19286937 |
| extracellular superoxide anion production contributes to the virulence of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | endogenous superoxide anion production was determined by electron spin resonance in wild-type strains and avrxa7 mutants of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. the localization of superoxide anion was carried out in the intra- and extra-cellular fractions. results showed the presence of superoxide anion in multi-locations of x. oryzae pv. oryzae cells. the extracellular fraction was the major location of superoxide anion production. furthermore, a positive relationship was shown between the levels of ... | 2009 | 19295642 |
| pathogen-induced expressional loss of function is the key factor in race-specific bacterial resistance conferred by a recessive r gene xa13 in rice. | the fully recessive disease resistance (r) gene xa13, which mediates race-specific resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), encodes a plasma membrane protein that differs by one amino acid from that encoded by its dominant (susceptible) allele xa13. the molecular mechanism of xa13-mediated resistance is largely unknown. here we show that, compared with its dominant allele, expressional non-reaction of xa13 to xoo infection, not its protein composition, is the key factor for xa13-mediat ... | 2009 | 19318375 |
| [molecular identification and functional analysis of clpxoo, a homologue to the nucleotide receptor protein in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae]. | to better understand the mechanisms of cyclic di-gmp signaling in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo),the casual pathogen of bacterial blight of rice, molecular identification of clpxoo. | 2009 | 19388261 |
| dissection of the factors affecting development-controlled and race-specific disease resistance conferred by leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase-type r genes in rice. | development-controlled resistance and resistance specificity frequently restrict the application of a disease resistance (r) gene in crop breeding programs. xa3/xa26 and xa21, encoding leucine-rich repeat (lrr)-kinase type plasma membrane proteins, mediate race-specific resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), which causes bacterial blight, one of the most devastating rice diseases. plants carrying xa3/xa26 and plants carrying xa21 have different resistance spectra and the functions of ... | 2009 | 19390838 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of beta-ketoacyl-acp synthase iii (fabh) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the bacterial beta-ketoacyl-acp synthase iii (kasiii) encoded by the gene fabh (xoo4209) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, a plant pathogen, is an important enzyme in the elongation steps of fatty-acid biosynthesis. it is expected to be one of the enzymes responsible for bacterial blight (bb), a serious disease that results in huge production losses of rice. as it represents an important target for the development of new antibacterial drugs against bb, determination of the crystal structure of ... | 2009 | 19407376 |
| the xrva gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, encoding an h-ns-like protein, regulates virulence in rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight disease in rice, one of the most serious rice diseases. the xrva gene from xoo strain 1,3751 encodes a protein containing a histone-like nucleoid-structuring protein (h-ns) domain. the expression of xrva in strain 1,3751 was enhanced in xom2 minimal medium. mutation of the xrva gene of strain 1,3751 led to a significant reduction in virulence in the host plant rice, a delayed hypersensitive response in the nonhost castor-oil plant, a de ... | 2009 | 19423625 |
| the calmodulin-binding transcription factor oscbt suppresses defense responses to pathogens in rice. | we previously isolated the oscbt gene, which encodes a calmodulin (cam)-binding protein, from a rice expression library constructed from fungal elicitor-treated rice suspension cells. in order to understand the function of oscbt in rice, we isolated and characterized a t-dna insertion mutant allele named oscbt-1. the oscbt-1 mutant exhibits reduced levels of oscbt transcripts and no significant morphological changes compared to wild-type plant although the growth of the mutant is stunted. howeve ... | 2009 | 19466605 |
| crystallization and x-ray diffraction data collection of topoisomerase iv pare subunit from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | topoisomerase iv is involved in topological changes in the bacterial genome using the free energy from atp hydrolysis. its functions are the decatenation of daughter chromosomes following replication by dna relaxation and double-strand dna breakage. in this study, the n-terminal fragment of the topoisomerase iv pare subunit from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. diffraction data were collected to 2.15 a resolution using a synchrotron- ... | 2009 | 19478444 |
| suppression of the rice fatty-acid desaturase gene osssi2 enhances resistance to blast and leaf blight diseases in rice. | fatty acids and their derivatives play important signaling roles in plant defense responses. it has been shown that suppressing a gene for stearoyl acyl carrier protein fatty-acid desaturase (sacpd) enhances the resistance of arabidopsis (ssi2) and soybean to multiple pathogens. in this study, we present functional analyses of a rice homolog of ssi2 (osssi2) in disease resistance of rice plants. a transposon insertion mutation (osssi2-tos17) and rnai-mediated knockdown of osssi2 (osssi2-kd) redu ... | 2009 | 19522564 |
| a cell wall-degrading esterase of xanthomonas oryzae requires a unique substrate recognition module for pathogenesis on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice (oryza sativa). lipa is a secretory virulence factor of xoo, implicated in degradation of rice cell walls and the concomitant elicitation of innate immune responses, such as callose deposition and programmed cell death. here, we present the high-resolution structural characterization of lipa that reveals an all-helical ligand binding module as a distinct functional attachment to the canonical hydrolase catalyti ... | 2009 | 19525415 |
| stationary phase expression, purification, and characterization of xorki, a restriction endonuclease from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | an endonuclease from xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae kacc 10331, xorki, was heterologously produced in escherichia coli by applying the stationary state induction method. the yield was 5.4 mg of xorki per liter of lb medium. xorki existed in multiple oligomeric forms as evidenced by gel filtration chromatography. the specific activity of purified xorki was 323000 units per mg. | 2010 | 19594434 |
| mini-tn7 vectors as genetic tools for gene cloning at a single copy number in an industrially important and phytopathogenic bacteria, xanthomonas spp. | transposon mini-tn7 vectors insert into the chromosome of several gram-negative bacteria in a site-specific manner. here, we showed the application of mini-tn7 as single copy site-specific integration vector system for xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. the transposition of the mini-tn7 into the bacterial genome was detected at a tn7 attachment (atttn7) site located downstream of glms1. furthermore, using a newly constructed vector pbbr1flp2 containing the flipase (flp) recombinase for site- ... | 2009 | 19659730 |
| analysis of genome expression in the response of oryza granulata to xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. | in order to understand the mechanism of the strong resistance of oryza granulata to xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo), cdna microarrays containing 2,436 cdna clones of oryza granulata derived from suppression subtractive library and cdna library were constructed and genome expression patterns after inoculating xoo were investigated. three hundred and 83 clones were up-regulated, 836 clones were down-regulated after pathogen infection. approximately 800 clones were sequenced and blast search wer ... | 2010 | 19672692 |
| [deletion mutation of rbfcxoo, encoding a putative glycosyltransferase in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae leads to enhanced virulence expression]. | to better understand the structure and biological function of rbfcxoo, a gene with the putative function in lipopolysaccharide o-antigen synthesis in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), the causal pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. | 2009 | 19673409 |
| a pair of allelic wrky genes play opposite roles in rice-bacteria interactions. | although allelic diversity of genes has been reported to play important roles in different physiological processes, information on allelic diversity of defense-responsive genes in host-pathogen interactions is limited. here, we report that a pair of allelic genes, oswrky45-1 and oswrky45-2, which encode proteins with a 10-amino acid difference, play opposite roles in rice (oryza sativa) resistance against bacterial pathogens. bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo), bacteri ... | 2009 | 19700558 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of leucine aminopeptidase (lap) from the pepa gene of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes the serious disease bacterial blight in rice. the pepa (xoo0834) gene from xoo is one of around 100 genes that have been selected for the design of antibacterial drugs. the pepa gene encodes leucine aminopeptidase (lap), an exopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of leucine residues from the n-terminus of a protein or peptide. this enzyme was expressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized, and preliminary x-ray structural studies have been ... | 2009 | 19724142 |
| mutagenesis of the enolase-phosphatase gene in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae affects growth on methylthioadenosine and in vivo s-adenosylmethionine pools. | enolase-phosphatase (e1), as an enzyme, is involved in methionine salvage pathway in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. but the identity and function of e1 in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) remain undetermined. here, we report the cloning and characterization of e1 gene, named xep, from xoo. sequence analysis shows that xep is highly conserved among the six xoo strains we investigated and all other xanthomonas species. the strain with an insertion mutation in xep could not grow when ... | 2009 | 19730818 |
| purification, crystal structure and antimicrobial activity of phenazine-1-carboxamide produced by a growth-promoting biocontrol bacterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa mml2212. | to purify and characterize an antimicrobial compound produced by a biocontrol bacterium, pseudomonas aeruginosa mml2212, and evaluate its activity against rice pathogens, rhizoctonia solani and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | 2010 | 19778345 |
| proteome analysis of probenazole-effect in rice-bacterial blight interactions. | to study the effect of probenazole on the induced systemic resistance mechanism of rice-bacterial interaction, a proteomic approach was applied. oryza sativa cv. java 14 seedlings were treated with probenazole, followed by inoculation with compatible (xo7435) and incompatible (t7174) races of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. cytosolic proteins were fractionated from leaf blades, separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pathogenesis-related protein 5 (pr5) was significantly ... | 2009 | 19799551 |
| oswrky62 is a negative regulator of basal and xa21-mediated defense against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in rice. | the rice xa21 gene, which confers resistance to the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), encodes a receptor-like kinase. few components involved in transducing the xa21-mediated defense response have yet been identified. here, we report that xa21 binds to a wrky transcription factor, called oswrky62. the oswrky62 gene encodes two splice variants (oswrky62.1 and oswrky62.2). oswrky62.1:smgfp2 and oswrky62.2:smgfp2 fusion proteins partially localize to the nucleus. transgenic pl ... | 2008 | 19825552 |
| isolation and manipulation of quantitative trait loci for disease resistance in rice using a candidate gene approach. | bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and fungal blast caused by magnaporthe grisea result in heavy production losses in rice, a main staple food for approximately 50% of the world's population. application of host resistance to these pathogens is the most economical and environment-friendly approach to solve this problem. quantitative trait loci (qtls) controlling quantitative resistance are valuable sources for broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance. although large nu ... | 2008 | 19825581 |
| transcription activator-like type iii effector avrxa27 depends on ostfiiagamma5 for the activation of xa27 transcription in rice that triggers disease resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | the transcription activator-like (tal) type iii effector avrxa27 from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) strain pxo99(a) activates the transcription of the host resistance gene xa27, which results in disease resistance to bacterial blight (bb) in rice. in this study, we show that avrxa27-activated xa27 transcription requires host general transcription factor ostfiiagamma5. the v39e substitution in ostfiiagamma5, encoded by the recessive resistance gene xa5 in rice, greatly attenuates this activ ... | 2009 | 19849788 |
| [roles of oxyrxoo, a transcriptional regulator of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in regulation of detoxification of hydrogen peroxide]. | oxyrxoo is a homologue of oxyr from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), the pathogen of bacterial blight of rice. to elucidate the role of oxyrxoo in detoxification of hydrogen peroxide. | 2009 | 19873750 |
| a benefit of high temperature: increased effectiveness of a rice bacterial blight disease resistance gene. | *continuous planting of crops containing single disease resistance (r) genes imposes a strong selection for virulence in pathogen populations, often rendering the r gene ineffective. increasing environmental temperatures may complicate r-gene-mediated disease control because high temperatures often promote disease development and reduce r gene effectiveness. here, performance of one rice bacterial blight disease r gene was assessed in field and growth chamber studies to determine the influence o ... | 2010 | 19878463 |
| role of hydroperoxide lyase in white-backed planthopper (sogatella furcifera horváth)-induced resistance to bacterial blight in rice, oryza sativa l. | a pre-infestation of the white-backed planthopper (wbph), sogatella furcifera horváth, conferred resistance to bacterial blight caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) in rice (oryza sativa l.) under both laboratory and field conditions. the infestation of another planthopper species, the brown planthopper (bph) nilaparvata lugens stål, did not significantly reduce the incidence of bacterial blight symptoms. a large-scale screening using a rice dna microarray and quantitative rt-pcr reveal ... | 2010 | 19891707 |
| a type i-secreted, sulfated peptide triggers xa21-mediated innate immunity. | the rice xa21 gene confers immunity to most strains of the bacterium xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of biologically active fractions from xoo supernatants led to the identification of a 194-amino acid protein designated ax21 (activator of xa21-mediated immunity). a sulfated, 17-amino acid synthetic peptide (axy(s)22) derived from the n-terminal region of ax21 is sufficient for activity, whereas peptides lacking tyrosine sulfation are ... | 2009 | 19892983 |
| a rare sugar, d-allose, confers resistance to rice bacterial blight with upregulation of defense-related genes in oryza sativa. | we investigated responses of rice plant to three rare sugars, d-altrose, d-sorbose, and d-allose, due to establishment of mass production methods for these rare sugars. root growth and shoot growth were significantly inhibited by d-allose but not by the other rare sugars. a large-scale gene expression analysis using a rice microarray revealed that d-allose treatment causes a high upregulation of many defense-related, pathogenesis-related (pr) protein genes in rice. the pr protein genes were not ... | 2010 | 19968553 |
| relationship between glucose catabolism and xanthan production in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | two genes involved in central carbon metabolism were inactivated to modulate intracellular glucose 6-phosphate and to evaluate its effects on xanthan production in wild-type xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. upon the inactivation of the phosphogluconate dehydratase gene (edd), intracellular glucose 6-phosphate increased from 0.05 to 1.17 mmol/g (dry cell wt). this was accompanied by increased xanthan production of up to 2.55 g/l (culture medium). in contrast, inactivation of 6-phosphogluconate dehy ... | 2010 | 20039099 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of dna gyrase gyrb subunit from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | dna gyrase is a type ii topoisomerase that is essential for chromosome segregation and cell division owing to its ability to modify the topological forms of bacterial dna. in this study, the n-terminal fragment of the gyrb subunit of dna gyrase from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized. diffraction data were collected to 2.10 a resolution using a synchrotron-radiation source. the crystal belonged to space group i4(1), with unit-cell param ... | 2010 | 20057069 |
| xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae xkk.12 contains an aroqgamma chorismate mutase that is involved in rice virulence. | chorismate mutase (cm) is a key enzyme in the shikimate pathway which is responsible for the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. there are two classes of cms, aroq and aroh, and several pathogenic bacteria have been reported to possess a subgroup of cms designated aroq(gamma). these cms are usually exported to the periplasm or outside the cell; in a few cases, they have been reported to be involved in virulence and their precise role is currently unknown. here, we report that the important rice p ... | 2010 | 20128700 |
| overexpression of the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone bip3 regulates xa21-mediated innate immunity in rice. | recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) activates the innate immune response. although prr-mediated signaling events are critical to the survival of plants and animals, secretion and localization of prrs have not yet been clearly elucidated. here we report the in vivo interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) chaperone bip3 with the rice xa21 prr, which confers resistance to the gram negative bacterium, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) ... | 2010 | 20174657 |
| a single amino acid substitution in the sdhb protein of succinate dehydrogenase determines resistance to amicarthiazol in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ishiyama, a causal agent of rice bacterial leaf blight, was found to be sensitive in vitro to the systemic fungicide amicarthiazol (2-amino-4-methylthiazole -5-carboxanilide), which is a potent inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh, ec 1.3.99.1). this paper aimed to determine the molecular resistance mechanism of x. oryzae pv. oryzae to amicarthiazol. | 2010 | 20201001 |
| promoter elements of rice susceptibility genes are bound and activated by specific tal effectors from the bacterial blight pathogen, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | *plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus xanthomonas inject transcription activator-like effector (tale) proteins that bind to and activate host promoters, thereby promoting disease or inducing plant defense. tales bind to corresponding upt (up-regulated by tale) promoter boxes via tandemly arranged 34/35-amino acid repeats. recent studies uncovered the tale code in which two amino acid residues of each repeat define specific pairing to upt boxes. *here we employed the tale code to predict potent ... | 2010 | 20345643 |
| effective strategy for pyramiding three bacterial blight resistance genes into fine grain rice cultivar, samba mahsuri, using sequence tagged site markers. | bacterial leaf blight (bb) of rice is a major disease limiting rice production in several rice growing regions of the world. the pathogen, xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, causing the disease is highly virulent to rice crops and is capable of evolving new races. breeding efforts to incorporate single bb resistant gene often leads to resistance breakdown within a short period. to overcome such breakdown of resistance and develop germplasm with durable disease resistance, we have introgressed three b ... | 2010 | 20349335 |
| role of the feob protein and siderophore in promoting virulence of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on rice. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight, a serious disease of rice. our analysis revealed that the x. oryzae pv. oryzae genome encodes genes responsible for iron uptake through feob (homolog of the major bacterial ferrous iron transporter) and a siderophore. a mutation in the x. oryzae pv. oryzae feob gene causes severe virulence deficiency, growth deficiency in iron-limiting medium, and constitutive production of a siderophore. we identified an iron regulated xss gene cluster, in ... | 2010 | 20382771 |
| [identification and functional analysis of tdrxoo, the member of tonb-dependent-receptor family proteins in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae]. | to demonstrate the novel regulatory pathways mediated in bacterial pathogenicity and motility in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), the casual agent of bacterial blight in rice. | 2010 | 20387456 |
| genetic transformation of cotton with a harpin-encoding gene hpaxoo confers an enhanced defense response against different pathogens through a priming mechanism. | the soil-borne fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae kleb causes verticillium wilt in a wide range of crops including cotton (gossypium hirsutum). to date, most upland cotton varieties are susceptible to v. dahliae and the breeding for cotton varieties with the resistance to verticillium wilt has not been successful. | 2010 | 20398293 |
| genomic comparison between xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, using suppression-subtractive hybridization. | xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (xoo) and x. oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc) cause bacterial diseases in rice: leaf blight and leaf streak, respectively. although both the asian and the african strains of xoo induce similar symptoms, they are genetically different, with the african xoo strains being more closely related to the asian xoc. to identify the sequences responsible for differences between african and asian xoo strains and their relatedness to xoc strains, a suppression-subtractive hybrid ... | 2010 | 20487016 |
| xanthomonas oryzae pathovars: model pathogens of a model crop. | summary xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak of rice (oryza sativa), which constrain production of this staple crop in much of asia and parts of africa. tremendous progress has been made in characterizing the diseases and breeding for resistance. x. oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight by invading the vascular tissue, while x. oryzae pv. oryzicola causes bacterial leaf streak by colonizing the parenchyma. in rice ... | 2006 | 20507449 |
| purification of soluble and active raxh, a transmembrane histidine protein kinase from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae required for avrxa21 activity. | summary the raxhr two-component regulatory system (tcs) of the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is required for avrxa21 activity. raxh is a typical transmembrane histidine protein kinase (hk), whereas raxr is its concomitant response regulator (rr). here, we report the isolation of soluble, active amounts of recombinant his-tagged full-length raxh and raxr following growth of escherichia coli over-expressing strains in the presence of sorbitol and glycine betaine. full-length his-raxh ... | 2007 | 20507481 |
| a luxr homologue of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is required for optimal rice virulence. | summary: in gram-negative bacteria a typical quorum sensing (qs) system usually involves the production and response to acylated homoserine lactones (ahls). an ahl qs system is most commonly mediated by a luxi family ahl synthase and a luxr family ahl response regulator. this study reports for the first time the presence of a luxr family-type regulator in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), which has been designated as oryr. the primary structure of oryr contains the typical signature domains o ... | 2007 | 20507519 |
| mutagenesis of 18 type iii effectors reveals virulence function of xopz(pxo99) in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae depends on a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate effectors into host cells for its ability to cause bacterial blight of rice. all type iii (t3) effectors with known function in x. oryzae pv. oryzae belong to a family of transcription activator-like (tal) effectors. however, other, non-tal-related effector genes are present in the genome, although their role in virulence and their mode of action have yet to be elucidated. here, we report the generation of ... | 2010 | 20521952 |
| two coiled-coil regions of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae harpin differ in oligomerization and hypersensitive response induction. | hpa1(xoo) (harpin) is a type iii secreted protein of the rice blight bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae that elicits a hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost tobacco. hpa1(xoo) is predicted to contain two potential coiled-coil (cc) regions, one at the n-terminus with a high probability of formation, and one at the c-terminus with a lower probability of formation. we constructed several cc-equivalent peptides by a chemosynthetic method, and investigated the structure-function of th ... | 2011 | 20532949 |
| in planta gene expression analysis of xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae, african strain mai1. | bacterial leaf blight causes significant yield losses in rice crops throughout asia and africa. although both the asian and african strains of the pathogen, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), induce similar symptoms, they are nevertheless genetically different, with the african strains being more closely related to the asian x. oryzae pv. oryzicola (xoc). | 2010 | 20540733 |
| [ferric iron absorption in deltar p f f xoo, a gene deletion mutant of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, assayed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry]. | the ferric iron absorption is one of the most important limiting factors of bacterial growth of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. it has been previously speculated that r p f f xoo might be involved in the ferric iron metabolism of the pathogen. in the present study, deltar p f f xoo, a gene deletion mutant, was generated from the wild-type strain pxo99a of xoo through the homologous recombination, and fe content was assayed using flame atomic absorption in pxo99a and deltar p f f xoo. the results ... | 2010 | 20545174 |
| enhanced disease resistance and hypersensitivity to bth by introduction of an nh1/osnpr1 paralog. | non-expresser of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (npr1) is the master regulator of salicylic acid-mediated systemic acquired resistance. over-expression of arabidopsis npr1 and rice nh1 (npr1 homolog1)/osnpr1 in rice results in enhanced resistance. while there are four rice npr1 paralogs in the rice genome, none have been demonstrated to function in disease resistance. to study rice npr1 paralog 3, we introduced constructs into rice and tested for effects on resistance to infection by xanthomonas o ... | 2011 | 20561248 |
| characterization of four rice mutants with alterations in the defence response pathway. | summary a fast-neutron mutagenized population of rice seedlings was screened with magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast disease, to identify mutants with alterations in the defence response. three mutant lines, ebr1, ebr2 and ebr3 (enhanced blast resistance) were identified that display enhanced resistance to m. grisea. ebr1 and ebr3 also confer enhanced resistance to the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). ebr3 develops a lesion mimic (lm) phenotype upon inocula ... | 2005 | 20565634 |
| genes expressed during early stages of rice infection with the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea. | summary a system-wide approach was adopted to further elucidate mechanisms regulating disease outcome between rice and the fungal pathogen magnaporthe grisea. first, a cdna library was constructed from m. grisea infected rice at 48 h post-inoculation. the 5' end-sequencing of 619 randomly selected clones revealed 359 expressed sequence tags (ests) that had not previously been described. a total of 124 from 260 ests with high and moderate similarity scores, based on blastx, were organized into ca ... | 2001 | 20573024 |
| elucidation of xa21-mediated innate immunity. | in the early 1970s, the xa21 gene from the wild rice species oryza longistaminata drew attention of rice breeders because of its broad-spectrum resistance to diverse strains of a serious bacterial disease of rice in asia and africa, called 'bacterial blight disease', caused by the gram-negative bacterium, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). in 1995, we isolated the gene controlling this resistance and in 2009 demonstrated that xa21 recognizes a highly conserved peptide, called 'ax21' (activator ... | 2010 | 20590657 |
| rice bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae produces multiple dsf-family signals in regulation of virulence factor production. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) is the causal agent of rice bacterial blight disease. xoo produces a range of virulence factors, including eps, extracellular enzyme, iron-chelating siderophores, and type iii-secretion dependent effectors, which are collectively essential for virulence. genetic and genomics evidence suggest that xoo might use the diffusible signal factor (dsf) type quorum sensing (qs) system to regulate the virulence factor production. however, little is known about the chemi ... | 2010 | 20615263 |
| opposite functions of a rice mitogen-activated protein kinase during the process of resistance against xanthomonas oryzae. | the pathogen-induced plant defense signaling network consists of multiple components, although only some of them are characterized. most of the known components function either as activators or repressors in host-pathogen interactions. here we report that a mitogen-activated protein kinase, osmpk6, functions both as an activator and a repressor in rice resistance against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), the causal organism of bacterial blight disease. activation of osmpk6 resulted in the for ... | 2010 | 20663089 |
| transcriptome analysis of hpa1xoo transformed cotton revealed constitutive expression of genes in multiple signalling pathways related to disease resistance. | the transcriptome profile in leaves and roots of the transgenic cotton line t-34 expressing hpa1(xoo) from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae was analysed using a customized 12k cotton cdna microarray. a total of 530 cdna transcripts involved in 34 pathways were differentially expressed in the transgenic line t-34, in which 123 differentially expressed genes were related to the cotton defence responses including the hypersensitive reaction, defence responses associated with the recognition of pathoge ... | 2010 | 20667962 |
| metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis of the rice response to the bacterial blight pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | bacterial leaf blight (blb), caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), gives rise to devastating crop losses in rice. disease resistant rice cultivars are the most economical way to combat the disease. the tp309 cultivar is susceptible to infection by xoo strain pxo99. a transgenic variety, tp309_xa21, expresses the pattern recognition receptor xa21, and is resistant. pxo99 big up tri, openraxst, a strain lacking the raxst gene, is able to overcome xa21-mediated immunity. we used a single e ... | 2010 | 20676379 |
| [diffusible signal factor production and virulence expression in deltarpffxoo, deltarpfcxoo and deltarpfgxoo, the gene deletion mutants of dsf/rpf signaling proteins of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae]. | to better elucidate the functions of rpffxoo, rpfcxoo and rpfgxoo, 3 proteins of diffusible signal factor (dsf)-dependent cell-cell signaling system in regulation of virulence expression of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). | 2010 | 20687334 |
| agc kinase osoxi1 positively regulates basal resistance through suppression of ospti1a-mediated negative regulation. | ospti1a, a functional ortholog of tomato slpti1, negatively regulates both basal resistance and r-gene-mediated resistance in rice. to investigate the molecular function of ospti1a in defense responses, we searched for components interacting with ospti1a using a yeast two-hybrid system. one of the interacting proteins is a ser/thr kinase that directly phosphorylates ospti1a in vitro. this protein belongs to the agc kinase family and is highly similar to atoxi1, which is induced in response to a ... | 2010 | 20739304 |
| osedr1 negatively regulates rice bacterial resistance via activation of ethylene biosynthesis. | rice osedr1 is a sequence ortholog of arabidopsis edr1. however, its molecular function is unknown. we show here that osedr1-suppressing/knockout (ko) plants, which developed spontaneous lesions on the leaves, have enhanced resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causing bacterial blight disease. this resistance was associated with increased accumulation of salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja), induced expression of sa- and ja-related genes and suppressed accumulation of 1-aminoc ... | 2011 | 20807375 |
| disease-reducing effect of chromolaena odorata extract on sheath blight and other rice diseases. | sheath blight caused by rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: thanatephorus cucumeris) is a major cause of crop loss in intensive rice production systems. no economically viable control methods have been developed. we screened aqueous extracts of common herbal plants that could reduce sheath blight lesions and found that foliar spraying and seed soaking application of extracts of either fresh or dried leaves of chromolaena odorata gave up to 68% reduction in sheath blight lesion lengths under controll ... | 2011 | 20839964 |
| the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae overcomes rice defenses by regulating host copper redistribution. | pathogen effectors are virulence factors causing plant diseases. how the host targets of these effectors facilitate pathogen infection is largely unknown. an effector of xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (xoo) transcriptionally activates rice (oryza sativa) susceptibility gene xa13 to cause bacterial blight disease. xa13 encodes an indispensable plasma membrane protein of the mtn3/saliva family, which is prevalent in eukaryotes with unknown biochemical function. we show that the xa13 protein cooperat ... | 2010 | 20852017 |
| rice snl6, a cinnamoyl-coa reductase-like gene family member, is required for nh1-mediated immunity to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | rice nh1 (npr1 homolog 1) is a key mediator of innate immunity. in both plants and animals, the innate immune response is often accompanied by rapid cell death at the site of pathogen infection. over-expression of nh1 in rice results in resistance to the bacterial pathogen, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), constitutive expression of defense related genes and enhanced benzothiadiazole (bth)- mediated cell death. here we describe a forward genetic screen that identified a suppressor of nh1-med ... | 2010 | 20862311 |
| screening for resistance against pseudomonas syringae in rice-fox arabidopsis lines identified a putative receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase gene that confers resistance to major bacterial and fungal pathogens in arabidopsis and rice. | approximately 20,000 of the rice-fox arabidopsis transgenic lines, which overexpress 13,000 rice full-length cdnas at random in arabidopsis, were screened for bacterial disease resistance by dip inoculation with pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pst dc3000). the identities of the overexpressed genes were determined in 72 lines that showed consistent resistance after three independent screens. pst dc3000 resistance was verified for 19 genes by characterizing other independent arabidopsis li ... | 2010 | 20955180 |
| pdk1 kinase regulates basal disease resistance through the osoxi1-ospti1a phosphorylation cascade in rice. | the agc kinase osoxi1, which has been isolated as an interactor with ospti1a, positively regulates basal disease resistance in rice. in eukaryotes, agc kinase family proteins are regulated by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (pdk1). in arabidopsis, atpdk1 directly interacts with phosphatidic acid, which functions as a second messenger in both biotic and abiotic stress responses. however, the functions of pdk1 are poorly understood in plants. we show here that ospdk1 acts upstream of ... | 2010 | 21051443 |
| manipulating broad-spectrum disease resistance by suppressing pathogen-induced auxin accumulation in rice. | breeding crops with the quality of broad-spectrum disease resistance using genetic resources is one of the principal goals of crop improvement. however, the molecular mechanism of broad-spectrum resistance remains largely unknown. here, we show that gh3-2, encoding an indole-3-acetic acid (iaa)-amido synthetase, mediates a broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola and fungal magnaporthe grisea in rice (oryza sativa). iaa, the major fo ... | 2010 | 21071600 |
| ectopic expression of rice xa21 overcomes developmentally controlled resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern recognition receptors (prrs) activates the innate immune response. the rice prr, xa21, confers robust resistance at adult stages to most strains of the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). seedlings are still easily infected by xoo, causing severe yield losses. here we report that xa21 is induced by xoo infection and that ectopic expression of xa21 confers resistance at three leaf stage (three-week-old), ... | 2010 | 21076626 |
| [hrpd6 gene determines xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae to trigger hypersensitive response in tobacco and pathogenicity in rice]. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) possesses a type iii secretion system (t3 s), encoded by a hpa-hrp-hrc cluster, including hrpd6, to inject t3s effectors into plant cells to trigger hypersensitive response (hr) in nonhost tobacco and pathogenicity in susceptible host rice. however, it is unclear what roles of xoo hrpd6 gene plays in hr in tobacco and in pathogenicity in rice. | 2010 | 21090255 |
| rice xa13 recessive resistance to bacterial blight is defeated by induction of the disease susceptibility gene os-11n3. | the rice (oryza sativa) gene xa13 is a recessive resistance allele of os-8n3, a member of the nodulin3 (n3) gene family, located on rice chromosome 8. os-8n3 is a susceptibility (s) gene for xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight, and the recessive allele is defeated by strains of the pathogen producing any one of the type iii effectors avrxa7, pthxo2, or pthxo3, which are all members of the transcription activator-like (tal) effector family. both avrxa7 and pthxo3 in ... | 2010 | 21098734 |
| identification of an avirulence gene, avrxa5, from the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal agent of bacterial blight in rice, interacts with rice plants in a gene-for-gene manner. the specificity of the interaction is dictated by avirulence (avr) genes in the pathogen and resistance (r) genes in the host. to date, no avr genes that correspond to recessive r genes have been isolated. we isolated an avrbs3/ptha family gene, avrxa5, from our previously isolated clone p58, which was originally from strain jxoiii. the avrxa5 gene converted the pxo9 ... | 2010 | 21181346 |
| cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of the co-chaperonin xogroes from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | bacterial blight (bb), a devastating disease caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), causes serious production losses of rice in asian countries. protein misfolding may interfere with the function of proteins in all living cells and must be prevented to avoid cellular disaster. all cells naturally contain molecular chaperones that assist the unfolded proteins in folding into the native structure. one of the well characterized chaperone complexes is groel-groes. groel, which consists of tw ... | 2010 | 21206021 |
| characterization of xanthomonas oryzae-responsive cis-acting element in the promoter of rice race-specific susceptibility gene xa13. | the rice xa13 gene, whose promoter harbors a upt (up-regulated by transcription activator-like [tal] effector) box, upt(pthxo1), plays a pivotal role in the race-specific pathogenicity caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) strain pxo99. pxo99 causes rice disease by inducing xa13. it is unknown, however, whether the upt(pthxo1) box is the only pxo99-responsive cis-regulating elements in the activation of xa13 expression. we analyzed the expression of a series of end- and site-truncated an ... | 2011 | 21208999 |
| genetic analysis and molecular mapping of a novel recessive gene xa34(t) for resistance against xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | a new bacterial blight recessive resistance gene xa34(t) was identified from the descendant of somatic hybridization between an aus rice cultivar (cv.) bg1222 and susceptible cv. ir24 against chinese race v (isolate 5226). the isolate was used to test the resistance or susceptibility of f(1) progenies and reciprocal crosses of the parents. the results showed that f(1) progenies appeared susceptibility there were 128r (resistant):378s (susceptible) and 119r:375s plants in f(2) populations derived ... | 2011 | 21274511 |
| purification and characterization of a recombinant bacteriophytochrome of xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae. | phytochrome-like proteins have been recently identified in prokaryotes but their features and functions are not clear. we cloned a gene encoding the phytochrome-like protein (xobphp) in a pathogenic bacteria, xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) and investigated characteristics of the protein using a recombinant xobphp. the n-terminal region of xobphp containing the pas/gaf/phy domains is highly similar to most bacteriophytochromes, but cys4, corresponding to cys24 of drbphp, isn't involved in ch ... | 2011 | 21318274 |
| transcriptional characteristics of xa21-mediated defense responses in rice. | bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), is the most destructive bacterial disease of rice. the cloned rice gene xa21 confers resistance to a broad spectrum of xoo races. to identify genes involved in xa21-mediated immunity, a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray of rice was used to profile the expression of rice genes between incompatible interactions and mock treatments at 0, 4, 8, 24, 72 and 120 h post inoculation (hpi) or between incompatible and compatible interac ... | 2011 | 21324061 |
| the rsma-like gene rsma(xoo) of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae regulates bacterial virulence and production of diffusible signal factor. | the plant-pathogenic prokaryote xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight, one of the most destructive diseases of rice. a nonpolar mutant of the rsma-like gene rsma(xoo) of the xoo chinese strain 13751 was constructed by homologous integration with a suicide plasmid. virulence tests on a host plant, namely the hybrid rice cultivar teyou 63, showed that the mutant had lost its virulence almost completely, whereas tests on a nonhost, namely castor-oil plant (ricinus communi ... | 2010 | 21355995 |
| an h-ns-like protein involved in the negative regulation of hrp genes in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | hrp genes encode components of a type iii secretion (t3s) system and play crucial roles in the pathogenicity of the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). a histone-like nucleoid-structuring (h-ns) protein binds dna and acts as a global transcriptional repressor. here, we investigated the involvement of an h-ns-like gene, named xrvb, in the expression of hrp genes in xoo. under the hrp-inducing culture condition, the expression of a key hrp regulator hrpg increased in the xrvb mutant ... | 2011 | 21410511 |
| [gene deletion and functional analysis of the eal domain protein vieaxoo in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae]. | to better reveal the functions of key members involved in cyclic di-gmp signal metabolism pathways in the bacterial blight pathogen of rice xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). | 2011 | 21465786 |
| inoculation with xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae induces thylakoid membrane association of rubisco activase in oryza meyeriana. | oryza meyeriana is a wild species of rice with high resistance to xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), but the resistance mechanism is poorly understood. protein gel blot analysis and immuno-gold electron microscopy showed that xoo infection induced an association of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase (rca) with the thylakoid membrane in o. meyeriana, which led to considerable decline in the initial activity and the activation state of rubisco. in susceptible cult ... | 2011 | 21501886 |
| the arabidopsis flagellin receptor fls2 mediates the perception of xanthomonas ax21 secreted peptides. | detection of microbes by plants relies in part on an array of pattern-recognition receptors that recognize conserved microbial signatures, so-called "microbe-associated molecular patterns." the arabidopsis thaliana receptor-like kinase fls2 is the pattern-recognition receptor for bacterial flagellin. similarly to fls2, the rice transmembrane protein xa21 is the receptor for the sulfated form of the xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae secreted protein ax21. here we show that ax21-derived peptides activ ... | 2011 | 21576467 |
| characterization and genetic analysis of a light- and temperature-sensitive spotted-leaf mutant in rice (oryza sativa). | a rice spotted-leaf mutant was isolated from an ems-induced ir64 mutant bank. the mutant, designated as spl30 (spotted-leaf30), displayed normal green leaf color under shade but exhibited red-brown lesions under natural summer field conditions. initiation of the lesions was induced by light and the symptom was enhanced at 33 °c relative to 26 °c. histochemical staining did not show cell death around the red-brown lesions. chlorophyll contents in the mutant were significantly lower than those of ... | 2011 | 21605341 |
| rice dehydrin k-segments have in vitro antibacterial activity. | dehydrins are groups of plant proteins that have been shown to response to various environmental stimuli such as dehydration, elevated salinity, and low temperature. however, their roles in plant defense against microbes have not been demonstrated. in an attempt to discover plant antimicrobial proteins, we have screened a rice cdna library and isolated several cdnas coding for dehydrins. protein extracts from escherichia coli expressing these cdnas were tested for their activity against gram-pos ... | 2011 | 21639844 |
| rice 14-3-3 protein (gf14e) negatively affects cell death and disease resistance. | plant 14-3-3 proteins regulate important cellular processes, including plant immune responses, through protein-protein interactions that affect a wide range of target proteins. in rice, the gf14e gene, which encodes a 14-3-3 protein, is induced during effector triggered immunity (eti) associated with pathogens such as xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). to determine if gf14e gene has a direct role in resistance to disease in rice, we suppressed its expression by rnai silencing. gf14e suppressio ... | 2011 | 21793954 |
| homologous expression and quantitative analysis of t3ss-dependent secretion of tap-tagged xoavrbs2 in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae induced by rice leaf extract. | xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) produces a putative effector, xoavrbs2. we expressed xoavrbs2 homologously in xoo with a tap-tag at the c-terminus to enable quantitative analysis of protein expression and secretion. addition of rice leaf extracts from both xoo-sensitive and xoo-resistant rice cultivars to the xoo cells induced expression of the xoavrbs2 gene at the transcriptional and translational levels, and also stimulated a remarkable amount of xoavrbs2 secretion into the medium. in a t3 ... | 2011 | 21791953 |
| a novel manganese efflux system, yebn, is required for virulence by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. | manganese ions (mn(2+)) play a crucial role in virulence and protection against oxidative stress in bacterial pathogens. such pathogens appear to have evolved complex mechanisms for regulating mn(2+) uptake and efflux. despite numerous studies on mn(2+) uptake, however, only one efflux system has been identified to date. here, we report on a novel mn(2+) export system, yebn, in xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight. compared with wild-type pxo99, the y ... | 2011 | 21789199 |
| heterologous expression of oswrky6 gene in arabidopsis activates the expression of defense related genes and enhances resistance to pathogens. | the wrky proteins are a major family of plant transcription factors implicated in the regulation of plant defense mechanisms against pathogens. oswrky6 was isolated based on expression profiling data carried out with samples infected by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo). oswrky6 encodes a dna binding protein that contains one wrky domain, a nuclear localization signal and c(2)h(2)-type zinc finger motif. oswrky6 is a member of the group ii family of wrky proteins. based on the result of yeast ... | 2011 | 21763543 |
| a paralog of the mtn3/saliva family recessively confers race-specific resistance to xanthomonas oryzae in rice. | approximately one third of the identified 34 rice major disease resistance (r) genes conferring race-specific resistance to different strains of xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), which causes rice bacterial blight disease, are recessive genes. however, only two of the recessive resistance genes have been characterized thus far. here we report the characterization of another recessive resistance gene, xa25, for xoo resistance. the xa25, localized in the centromeric region of chromosome 12, med ... | 2011 | 21726237 |
| expression, characterization, and antimicrobial ability of t4 lysozyme from methylotrophic yeast hansenula polymorpha a16. | lysozyme is an enzyme that is essential for protection against bacterial infections. in this study, a t4 lysozyme gene was cloned into the yeast expression vector ppic9k under the control of the pichia pastoris glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter (pgap). a hansenula polymorpha-derived ribosomal dna (rdna)-targeting element was inserted into the expression vector and was critical for stable dna integration into the h. polymorpha chromosome. recombinant t4 lysozyme was successfully e ... | 2011 | 21706412 |