| a concise and efficient total synthesis of α-mangostin and β-mangostin from garcinia mangostana. | the concise, efficient synthesis of alpha-mangostin is described in eight simple steps with 8.3% overall yield. highlights include a practical approach to construct the isopentene groups and other diverse groups at c-2 and c-8 of the xanthene skeleton through claisen rearrangement and wittig reaction. meanwhile the first total synthesis of beta-mangostin is presented with a similar approach. | 2013 | 24079178 |
| inflammation-related disorders in the tryptophan catabolite pathway in depression and somatization. | a recent study--comparing those with depression, somatization, comorbid depression+somatization, and controls--showed specific changes in the tryptophan catabolite (trycat) pathway in somatization, specifically lowered tryptophan and kynurenic acid, and increased kynurenine/kynurenic acid (ky/ka) and kynurenine/tryptophan ratios. these findings suggest that somatization and depression with somatization are characterized by increased activity of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and disorders in kynure ... | 2012 | 22814705 |
| inhibition effects of mangosenone f from garcinia mangostana on melanin formation in b16f10 cells. | melanogenesis can be controlled by tyrosinase inhibition or by blocking the maturation processes of tyrosinase and its related proteins. mangostenone f was isolated from the seedcases of garcinia mangostana . mangostenone f was shown to be inactive against tyrosinase (ic50 > 200 μm) but was a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor in vitro (ic50 = 21.0 μm). mangostenone f was found to inhibit production of melanin in the mouse melanoma cell line b16f10. importantly, unlike most glycosidase inhibitors, m ... | 2012 | 22779928 |
| [study on ultraviolet-screening effect of extracts from mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) pericarp]. | to analyze the ultraviolet-screening of the n-butanol extracts of mangosteen pericarp and alpha-mangostin, compare the ultraviolet-screening effect of the extracts with rutin and ultramicro-titanium dioxide (tio2). | 2011 | 21861360 |
| gamma-mangostin, a micronutrient of mangosteen fruit, induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells. | recently colorectal cancer rates have increased rapidly in taiwan. the treatment of colorectal cancer includes surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a famous asian tropical fruit. γ-mangostin is a xanthone derivative isolated from the fruit hull. in previous studies, we found evidence of anti-inflammatory and anti-brain tumor activities in γ-mangostin. in this study, we performed further studies to assess the apoptotic effects of γ-mangostin on colorect ... | 2012 | 22759914 |
| γ-mangostin increases serotonin 2a/2c, muscarinic, histamine and bradykinin receptor mrna expression. | γ-mangostin is a xanthone found in the fruit hulls of garcinia mangostana l., which have long been used in southeast asia as a traditional medicine for the treatment of abdominal pain, dysentery, wound infections, fever and convulsions. recent studies have revealed that γ-mangostin exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities, including serotonin 2 (5-ht(2)) receptor antagonism, anti-inflammatory effects and analgesic effects. to explore the mechanism of γ-mangostin responsible for these pha ... | 2011 | 21440614 |
| a new antioxidant xanthone from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana linn. | the air-dried fruit hulls of garcinia mangostana linn. were extracted with 85% ethanol. furthermore, a new xanthone, 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-6',6'-dimethyl-4',5'-dihydropyrano[2',3':7,8]xanthone, along with five known xanthones related to their antioxidant activity was purified by silica gel column chromatography and then identified using spectroscopic methods (1d and 2d nmr, ms). the antioxidant activities were evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) radical-sc ... | 2010 | 20954095 |
| xanthone constituents of the fruits of garcinia mangostana with anticomplement activity. | phytochemical investigation of a chloroform-soluble fraction of the freeze-dried fruits of garcinia mangostana (clusiaceace) with anticomplement activity in the classical pathway led to the identification of five known xanthones. the structures of these compounds were confirmed by interpretation of nmr and ms spectroscopic data. of the isolates obtained, 1-isomangostin and garcinone e were found to be active constituents in the anticomplement assay used. | 2010 | 20878711 |
| electrospun chitosan-based nanofiber mats loaded with garcinia mangostana extracts. | the aim of this study was to prepare electrospun chitosan-based nanofiber mats and to incorporate the fruit hull of garcinia mangostana (gm) extracts into the mats. chitosan-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid/polyvinyl alcohol (cs-edta/pva) was selected as the polymers. the gm extracts with 1, 2 and 3 wt% α-mangostin were incorporated into the cs-edta/pva solution and electrospun to obtain nanofibers. the morphology and diameters of the mats were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (sem). t ... | 2013 | 23680732 |
| pharmacokinetic properties of pure xanthones in comparison to a mangosteen fruit extract in rats. | the xanthones α-mangostin and γ-mangostin are the major bioactive compounds in garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) fruit extracts. previously, we reported the pharmacokinetic properties of α-mangostin in rats. the purpose of this follow-up study was to compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of α-mangostin and γ-mangostin in rats if administered as either a pure compound or as a component of a mangosteen fruit extract. the absolute bioavailability of γ-mangostin when administered as a pure comp ... | 2013 | 23673465 |
| removal of pb(ii), cd(ii) and co(ii) from aqueous solution using garcinia mangostana l. fruit shell. | this study examines the possibility of using mangosteen shell to remove low concentrations of lead, zinc and cobalt (less than 100 mg/l) from aqueous solution. it was found that the biosorption capacities were significantly affected by solution ph, contact time and initial metal ions concentration. un-extracted and extracted dyes of mangosteen shell were investigated. moreover higher ph up to 5 favoring higher metal ion removal. kinetic and isotherm experiments were carried out at the optimal ph ... | 2010 | 20627410 |
| molecular diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from garcinia mangostana and garcinia parvifolia. | garcinia is commonly found in malaysia, but limited information is available regarding endophytic fungi associated with this plant. in this study, 24 endophytic fungi were successfully recovered from different parts of two garcinia species. characterization of endophytic fungi was performed based on the conserved internal transcribed spacer (its) region sequence analysis and the antimicrobial properties. results revealed that fruits of the plant appeared to be the highest inhabitation site (38 % ... | 2010 | 20467234 |
| two new prenylated xanthones and a new prenylated tetrahydroxanthone from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana. | two new prenylated xanthones and a new prenylated tetrahydroxanthone, garcimangosxanthone a-c (1-3), along with fourteen known xanthones were isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. compounds 1 and 2 exhibited in vitro cytotoxicity against a549, lac and a375 cell lines with ic(50) values of 5.7-24.9 microm, which were comparable to those of doxorubicin. | 2010 | 20176087 |
| mangosteen (garcinia mangostana). | | 2009 | 19476734 |
| a myb transcription factor regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) fruit during ripening. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) fruit undergo rapid red colour development, both on the tree and after harvest, resulting in high anthocyanin production in the pericarp. here, we report the isolation of three full-length mangosteen myb transcription factors (gmmyb1, gmmyb7 and gmmyb10) and all the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes (gmpal to gmufgt). phylogenetic analysis at the protein level of the r2r3-myb transcription factor family showed gmmyb10 had a high degree of similarity with ... | 2009 | 19306102 |
| α-mangostin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced invasion by inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase-2/9 and increasing e-cadherin expression through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. | invasion and metastasis are major factors in the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, which remains one of the most aggressive and lethal diseases worldwide. α-mangostin, a major xanthone compound identified in the pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana, linn; gml), possesses unique biological activities, including antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. whether α-mangostin is able to inhibit the invasive ability of pancreatic cancer cells has not been elucidated. in the prese ... | 2013 | 23833675 |
| inhibitory effects of α-mangostin on mammalian dna polymerase, topoisomerase, and human cancer cell proliferation. | we found that the ethanol extract of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) fruit rind had a strong inhibitory effect on mammalian dna polymerase (pol) activity and isolated α-mangostin as a potent pol inhibitor from the extract. in this study, the inhibitory activities against mammalian pols by α-mangostin and its related five compounds, 3-isomangostin, xanthone, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid, and anthracene, were investigated. α-mangostin was the most potent inhibitor of the mam ... | 2013 | 23811100 |
| garcinia mangostana l.: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. | garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen, clusiaceae) has a long history of use as a medical plant, mostly in southeast asia. this is a review of the phytochemistry and pharmacology of mangosteen. traditionally mangosteen is famous for its antiinflammatory properties and is used in the treatment of skin infections and wounds. other applications include the therapy of various conditions such as dysentery, different urinary disorders, cystitis and gonorrhoea. this review highlights the development of th ... | 2009 | 19172667 |
| effects of compounds from garcinia mangostana on inflammatory mediators in raw264.7 macrophage cells. | the fruit hull of garcinia mangostana linn. has been used in thai traditional medicine for treatment of abscess and skin infection. | 2009 | 19056479 |
| polyphenols from the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) fruit for breast and prostate cancer. | the mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a tropical fruit native to southeast asia and has long been reported to contain multiple health promoting properties. this fruit is an abundant source of xanthones, a class of polyphenolic compounds with a distinctive tricyclic aromatic ring system and is largely responsible for its biological activities including anti-cancer activity. herein we describe the anti-cancer activity and mechanisms of mangosteen polyphenolic xanthones including α-mangostin agai ... | 2013 | 23805102 |
| anti-skin cancer properties of phenolic-rich extract from the pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.). | skin cancers are often resistant to conventional chemotherapy. this study examined the anti-skin cancer properties of crude ethanol extract of mangosteen pericarp (mpee) on human squamous cell carcinoma a-431 and melanoma sk-mel-28 lines. significant dose-dependent reduction in% viability was observed for these cell lines, with less effect on human normal skin fibroblast ccd-1064sk and keratinocyte hacat cell lines. cell distribution in g(1) phase (93%) significantly increased after 10 μg/ml of ... | 2012 | 22705325 |
| garcinia mangostana: a source of potential anti-cancer lead compounds against cem-ss cell line. | our current interest in searching for natural anti-cancer lead compounds from plants has led us to the discovery that the stem and roots of garcinia mangostana can be a source of such compounds. the stem furnished 2,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-xanthone (1), which is a new xanthone. meanwhile, the root bark of the plant furnished six xanthones, namely alpha-mangostin (2), beta-mangostin (3), gamma-mangostin (4), garcinone d (5), mangostanol (6), and gartanin (7). the hexane and c ... | 2015 | 18464091 |
| severe lactic acidosis associated with juice of the mangosteen fruit garcinia mangostana. | the tropical mangosteen fruit has long been prized in southeast asia for its traditional healing properties. mangosteen fruit juice is now available in the united states and marketed for its purported health benefits. we describe a case of severe lactic acidosis associated with the use of mangosteen juice as a dietary supplement. | 2008 | 18436094 |
| in vivo toxicity and antitumor activity of mangosteen extract. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) has been widely used in the traditional medicine of thailand to treat various ailments, especially diseases of the digestive system and infections. many reports show antiproliferation of crude extracts and active constituents from mangosteen against many cancer cell lines. therefore, the current study is proposed to demonstrate in vivo evidence on the antitumor activity of mangosteen. crude methanolic extract (cme) from mangosteen pericarp including 25.19 % α-man ... | 2013 | 22622784 |
| isogarcinol is a new immunosuppressant. | calcineurin (cn), a unique protein phosphatase, plays an important role in immune regulation. in this study we used cn as a target enzyme to investigate the immunosuppressive properties of a series of natural compounds from garcinia mangostana l., and discovered an active compound, isogarcinol. enzymatic assays showed that isogarcinol inhibited cn in a dose-dependent manner. at concentrations resulting in relatively low cytotoxicity isogarcinol significantly inhibited proliferation of murine spl ... | 2013 | 23785505 |
| hplc analysis of selected xanthones in mangosteen fruit. | xanthones are unique chemical compounds found in nature, composed of a tricyclic aromatic system with a variety of phenolic, methoxy, and isoprene substituents, giving rise to numerous derivatives. they dissolve to varying degrees in solvents ranging from alcohol to hexane. an optimum solvent mixture of acetone/water (80:20) selectively and effectively extracts a wide variety of xanthones. subsequent hplc analysis using standard c-18 rp and a 30-min gradient of 65-90% metoh in 0.1% formic acid d ... | 2007 | 17623461 |
| efficacy and tolerability of a novel herbal formulation for weight management. | to evaluate the efficacy of an herbal blend. | 2013 | 23784895 |
| α-mangostin induces apoptosis and suppresses differentiation of 3t3-l1 cells via inhibiting fatty acid synthase. | α-mangostin, isolated from the hulls of garcinia mangostana l., was found to have in vitro cytotoxicity against 3t3-l1 cells as well as inhibiting fatty acid synthase (fas, ec 2.3.1.85). our studies showed that the cytotoxicity of α-mangostin with ic(50) value of 20 µm was incomplicated in apoptotic events including increase of cell membrane permeability, nuclear chromatin condensation and mitochondrial membrane potential (δψm) loss. this cytotoxicity was accompanied by the reduction of fas acti ... | 2012 | 22428036 |
| distribution of major xanthones in the pericarp, aril, and yellow gum of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) fruit and their contribution to antioxidative activity. | xanthone compounds in mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) fruit have been reported to have biological activities including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, and the major xanthone compounds in mangosteen are α-mangostin and γ-mangostin. the objectives of this research were to quantify and qualify the major xanthones in each part of the mangosteen fruit with and without yellow gum from the point of view of effective utilization of agricultural product. quantitative evaluation reveal ... | 2013 | 23649258 |
| efficacy and tolerability of an herbal formulation for weight management. | the clinical effects and tolerability of a novel herbal formulation comprising the extracts of sphaeranthus indicus and garcinia mangostana were assessed in two similarly designed randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trials in 100 human subjects with a body mass index (bmi) between 30 and 40 kg/m². participants were randomized into two groups receiving either 400 mg of herbal blend twice daily or two identical placebo capsules. all subjects received three meals (2000 kcal/day) ... | 2013 | 23767862 |
| xanthones from the heartwood of garcinia mangostana. | twelve xanthones were isolated from the hexane extract of the heartwood of garcinia mangostana from myanmar. their structures were determined using 1d and 2d nmr techniques | 2002 | 12052521 |
| three xanthones and a benzophenone from garcinia mangostana. | investigation of the constituents of garcinia mangostana has led to the isolation of four new compounds: three minor xanthones, garcimangosone a (1), garcimangosone b (2), and garcimangosone c (3), and a benzophenone glucoside, garcimangosone d (4). the structures of these four compounds were established by spectral (nmr and ms) and chemical methods. | 2001 | 11473420 |
| inhibition of autophagy augments the anticancer activity of α-mangostin in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. | natural products possessing anticancer activity have been extensively studied because of their low toxicity and potential effect. α-mangostin, a component of garcinia mangostana linn, is a xanthone derivative shown to have antioxidant and antitumor properties. this study was carried out to investigate how to improve the anticancer effects of α-mangostin in chronic myeloid leukemia (cml) cell lines bearing wild-type bcr-abl or bcr-abl-t315i mutation. we showed that α-mangostin inhibited cell prol ... | 2014 | 23734655 |
| the effect of gartanin, a naturally occurring xanthone in mangosteen juice, on the mtor pathway, autophagy, apoptosis, and the growth of human urinary bladder cancer cell lines. | garcinia mangostana, often referred to as mangosteen, is a fruit grown in southeast asia and has been used for centuries as a local beverage and natural medicine. its bioactive compounds, xanthones (i.e., gartanin, α-mangostin, etc), have reported effects on ailments ranging from skin infections and inflammation to urinary tract infections. we demonstrate that mangosteen xanthones (i.e., gartanin and α-mangostin) at pharmacologically achievable concentrations inhibit the growth of cancer cell li ... | 2013 | 23682785 |
| influence of irradiance on photosynthesis, morphology and growth of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) seedlings. | the influence of shading intensity on growth, morphology and leaf gas exchange of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) seedlings was investigated over a 2-year period. diurnal gas exchange studies revealed significantly higher carbon gain for leaves grown in 20 or 50% shade compared to leaves grown in 80% shade. seedlings grown in 20 or 50% shade accumulated significantly more dry weight than seedlings grown in 80% shade during the 2-year study period. seedlings grown in decreased shade showed de ... | 1994 | 14967701 |
| [optimize technique of extracting alpha-mangostin from pericarp of garcinia mangostana by supersonic wave using central composite design-response surface methodology]. | to optimize the extraction technique for alpha-mangostin from pericarp of garcinia mangostana. | 2012 | 23236835 |
| anti-angiogenic effect of α-mangostin. | eleven known prenyl xanthones, isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana, were tested for their ability to inhibit the phosphorylation of kinase domain receptor (kdr) tyrosine kinase. α-mangostin was found to inhibit phosphorylation of kdr. α-mangostin also showed to inhibit phosphorylation of the y1175 residue of kdr (10 μm). this is the first report that α-mangostin inhibited the phosphorylation of kdr tyrosine kinase and also the y1175 residue of kdr. α-mangostin also showed inhibitor ... | 2013 | 22382862 |
| antiproliferative effect of α-mangostin on canine osteosarcoma cells. | osteosarcoma is the most frequently diagnosed primary bone tumor in dog. since chemotherapeutics are quite limited due to high cost and severe toxicity, therefore, the ultimate goal is to discover cost-effective therapeutics with less toxicity. we have studied the effect of α-mangostin, a xanthone derivative isolated from pericarp of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) in canine osteosarcoma, d-17 cells. the results showed that α-mangostin induced antiproliferation with ic(50) at 15 μg/ml. ho ... | 2012 | 22342127 |
| xanthones as antioxidants: a theoretical study on the thermodynamics and kinetics of the single electron transfer mechanism. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is considered the queen of the tropical fruits. it has a dark red pericarp that is rich in bioactive compounds including xanthones, which have been classified as very good antioxidants from several experimental results. in this work, the antioxidant properties of twenty xanthones isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana are studied considering the single electron transfer mechanism (set). according to their most acidic pk(a) value, under physiological co ... | 2012 | 22327405 |
| mangosteen leaf extract increases melanogenesis in b16f1 melanoma cells by stimulating tyrosinase activity in vitro and by up-regulating tyrosinase gene expression. | melanin synthesis is stimulated by various effectors, including α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-msh), cyclic amp (camp)-elevating agents (forskolin, isobutylmethylxantine, glycyrrhizin) and ultraviolet light. our investigation focused on the identification of the melanogenic efficacy of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) leaf extract with regard to its effects on melanogenesis in b16f1 melanoma cells, since it has been known to possess strong anti-oxidant activities. the mangosteen leaf extrac ... | 2012 | 22089762 |
| the bionomics of the cocoa mealybug, exallomochlus hispidus (morrison) (hemiptera: pseudococcidae), on mangosteen fruit and three alternative hosts. | the cocoa mealybug, exallomochlus hispidus morrison (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) is known to attack mangosteen, an important fruit export commodity for indonesia. the mealybug is polyphagous, so alternative host plants can serve as a source of nourishment. this study aimed to record the bionomics of e. hispidus on mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) and three alternative hosts, kabocha squash (cucurbita maxima l.), soursop (annona muricata, l.), and guava (psidium guajava l.). first-instar nymphs ... | 2017 | 28757558 |
| protective effect of α-mangostin on cardiac reperfusion damage by attenuation of oxidative stress. | this study was designed to investigate if α-mangostin (α-m), a xanthone present in the pericarp of garcinia mangostana l., was able to protect against reperfusion injury in langendorff-reperfused hearts. it was observed that α-m maintains the cardiac mechanical work, diminishes the area of infarct, and prevents the decrease in cardiac atp and phosphocreatine levels in the reperfused myocardium. the protective effect of this xanthone was associated with reduction of oxidative stress. α-m treatmen ... | 2011 | 21942497 |
| mangosteen (garcinia mangostana). | | 2011 | 21936448 |
| antibiofilm activity of α-mangostin extracted from garcinia mangostana l. against staphylococcus aureus. | to isolate α-mangostin (amg) from the peels of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.), grown in vietnam, and to investigate antibiofilm activity of this compound against three staphylococcus aureus (s. aureus) strains, one of which was methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) and the other two strains were methicillin-sensitive s. aureus (mssa). | 2017 | 29268971 |
| combined microwave-assisted extraction and high-speed counter-current chromatography for separation and purification of xanthones from garcinia mangostana. | a microwave-assisted extraction (mae) method is presented for the extraction of xanthones, α-mangostin and γ-mangostin from garcinia mangostana. the mae conditions including extraction temperature, liquid/solid ratio, extraction time and concentration of ethanol were optimized with an orthogonal test, and 5 g sample was extracted with the optimized conditions. the crude extraction of mae was successfully isolated and purified by high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) with a two-phase ... | 2011 | 21925972 |
| α-glucosidase inhibition and antihyperglycemic activity of prenylated xanthones from garcinia mangostana. | an ethanol extract of the fruit case of garcinia mangostan, whose most abundant chemical species are xanthones, showed potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (ic(50)=3.2 μg/ml). a series of isolated xanthones (1-16) demonstrated modest to high inhibition of α-glucosidase with ic(50) values of 1.5-63.5 μm. in particular, one hitherto unknown xanthone 16 has a very rare 2-oxoethyl group on c-8. kinetic enzymatic assays with a p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside indicated that one of them, compound (9) ... | 2011 | 21872893 |
| a novel xanthone dimer derivative with antibacterial activity isolated from the bark of garcinia mangostana. | a novel xanthone dimer derivative, garmoxanthone (1), together with 10 known compounds (2-11), were isolated from bark of garcinia mangostana. their structures were established through spectroscopic methods. garmoxanthone exhibited strong inhibitory activities against mrsa atcc 43300 and mrsa cgmcc 1.12409 (with mic values of both 3.9 μg/ml) and moderate activities against tested strains of vibrio (with mic values ranging from 15.6 to 31.2 μg/ml). garmoxanthone is a unique xanthone dimer with li ... | 2017 | 29132213 |
| two new xanthones from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana. | two new xanthones, 3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5'-isopropyl-4',5'-dihydrofuro[2',3' : 7, 8]-6″,6″-dimethyl-4″,5″-dihydropyrano[2″,3″ : 1,2]xanthone (1) and 1,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-8-(3-methylbut-3-enyl)-6',6'-dimethyl-4',5'-dihydropyrano[2'3' : 3,2]xanthone (2), were isolated from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana. their structures were elucidated by spectral means (1-d and 2-d nmr, ms). | 2012 | 21809952 |
| xanthones with neuraminidase inhibitory activity from the seedcases of garcinia mangostana. | this study was designed to gain deeper insights into the molecular properties of natural xanthones as neuraminidase inhibitors. a series of xanthones 1-12 was isolated from the seedcases of garcinia mangostana and evaluated for bacteria neuraminidase inhibitory activity. compounds 11 and 12 emerged to be new xanthones (mangostenone f, mangostenone g) which we fully spectroscopically characterized. the ic(50) values of compounds 1-12 were determined to range between 0.27-65.7 microm. the most pot ... | 2010 | 20696581 |
| antioxidant, free radical-scavenging activity and cytotoxicity of different solvent extracts and their phenolic constituents from the fruit hull of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana). | antioxidative, skin protective activities, and cytotoxicity of three extracts (water, methanol, and hexane) from the fruit hull of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn. (guttiferae)) and their phenolic constituents such as alpha-mangostin, epicatechin, and tannin, were evaluated. the amounts of alpha-mangostin, total flavonoid, and total tannin were different among the three extracts, except those of total tannin in methanol and hexane extracts. for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) free- ... | 2010 | 20645756 |
| validation of lc for the determination of alpha-mangostin in mangosteen peel extract: a tool for quality assessment of garcinia mangostana l. | mangosteen, garcinia mangostana l., is known as the "queen of fruits" and can be cultivated in the tropical rainforest such as malaysia, indonesia, and thailand. compounds isolated from the fruit peel of mangosteen contain abundant xanthones (especially alpha-mangostin). it has been used as traditional medicine such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial and is popularly applied to cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. however, there is little information for quality and quantity determination o ... | 2009 | 19298703 |
| topical application of garcinia mangostana l. pericarp gel as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. | to evaluate the effects of gel containing garcinia mangostana l. pericarp extract (gm gel) applied topically as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. | 2008 | 19186342 |
| medicinal properties of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana). | many tropical plants have interesting biological activities with potential therapeutic applications. garcinia mangostana linn. (gml) belongs to the family of guttiferae and is named "the queen of fruits". it is cultivated in the tropical rainforest of some southeast asian nations like indonesia, malaysia, sri lanka, philippines, and thailand. people in these countries have used the pericarp (peel, rind, hull or ripe) of gml as a traditional medicine for the treatment of abdominal pain, diarrhea, ... | 2008 | 18725264 |
| xanthones from the botanical dietary supplement mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) with aromatase inhibitory activity. | twelve xanthone constituents of the botanical dietary supplement mangosteen (the pericarp of garcinia mangostana) were screened using a noncellular, enzyme-based microsomal aromatase inhibition assay. of these compounds, garcinone d (3), garcinone e (5), alpha-mangostin (8), and gamma-mangostin (9) exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activity. in a follow-up cell-based assay using sk-br-3 breast cancer cells that express high levels of aromatase, the most potent of these four xanthones was gamma ... | 2008 | 18558747 |
| garcinone e induces apoptosis and inhibits migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells. | ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignant tumor. in this study, 24 xanthones were isolated and identified from the pericarps of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana), and their anti-proliferative activities were tested in ovarian cancer cells. garcinone e (ge) was found to exhibit excellent anti-proliferative effects among the tested xanthones. it significantly inhibited the proliferation in hey, a2780, and a2780/taxol cells as evidenced by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphen ... | 2017 | 28878295 |
| xanthones with quinone reductase-inducing activity from the fruits of garcinia mangostana (mangosteen). | bioactivity-guided fractionation of a dichloromethane-soluble extract of garcinia mangostana fruits has led to the isolation and identification of five compounds, including two xanthones, 1,2-dihydro-1,8,10-trihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-9-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)furo[3,2-a]xanthen-11-one (1) and 6-deoxy-7-demethylmangostanin (2), along with three known compounds, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2,8-di-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone (3), mangostanin (4), and alpha-mangostin (5). the structures of compounds 1 an ... | 2008 | 17991497 |
| assay-guided fractionation study of alpha-amylase inhibitors from garcinia mangostana pericarp. | alpha-amylase inhibitor (alpha-ai) activity of garcinia mangostana, commonly known as mangosteen, pericarp extracts was studied by assay guided fractionations from lipophilic to hydrophilic using combined solvent extraction and amberlite xad2 adsorption chromatography. neither the lipophilic, xanthone containing fraction, nor the highly polar fraction, which has no affinity on amberlite xad2, showed any alpha-ai. the fraction that shows very high inhibitory activity contains primarily polyphenol ... | 2007 | 17960880 |
| effects of herbal mouthwash containing the pericarp extract of garcinia mangostana l on halitosis, plaque and papillary bleeding index. | to determine the effects of herbal mouthwash containing the pericarp extract of carcinia mangostana l on volatile sulfur compound (vsc) levels, plaque index (pi) and papillary bleeding index (pbi) in gingivitis subjects and the recurrence of these parameters after periodontal treatment. | 2007 | 17274236 |
| quantitative and qualitative determination of six xanthones in garcinia mangostana l. by lc-pda and lc-esi-ms. | a new method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of six naturally occurring xanthones (3-isomangostin, 8-desoxygartanin, gartanin, alpha-mangostin, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone and beta-mangostin). the quantitative determination was conducted by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (lc-pda). separation was performed on a phenomenex luna c18(2) (150 mm x 3.00 mm, 5 microm) column. the xanthones were identified by retention time, ultraviolet (uv) ... | 2007 | 17129697 |
| xanthones and benzophenones from garcinia griffithii and garcinia mangostana. | a new polyisoprenylated benzophenone, guttiferone i, together with the known compounds cambogin, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone were isolated from the stem bark of garcinia griffithii. the acetone extract of the heartwood of garcinia mangostana contained one new diprenylated xanthone (mangoxanthone) and a new benzophenone (3',6-dihydroxy-2,4,4'-trimethoxybenzophenone) as well as the known xanthones dulxanthone d, 1,3,7-trihydroxy-2-methoxyxan ... | 2005 | 16173114 |
| a geranylated biphenyl derivative from garcinia malvgostana. | extracts of root bark, stem bark and the latex collected from the green fruits of garcinia mangostana gave alpha-mangostin, beta-mangostin, gamma-mangostin, garcinone-e, methoxy-beta-mangostin and a new geranylated biphenyl derivative 3-hydroxy-4-geranyl-5-methoxybiphenyl. the latex of g. mangostana consists of more than 75% of xanthones which have strong antibacterial (anti-mrsa and -vre), anti-inflammatory, antifungal and a number of other biological activities. hence the presence of the above ... | 2005 | 15702637 |
| two novel xanthones from garcinia mangostana. | the isolation of two novel xanthones isolated from the fruit hulls of garcinia mangostana is reported. the structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis. | 2000 | 11449524 |
| improved stearate phenotype in transgenic canola expressing a modified acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase. | the engineering of crops for selected fatty acid production is one of the major goals of plant biotechnology. the garm fata1, an acyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) thioesterase isolated from garcinia mangostana, generates an elevated stearate (18:0) phenotype in transgenic brassica plants. by site-directed mutagenesis, we generated seven mutants that showed up to a 13-fold increase in specific enzyme activity toward 18:0-acp in vitro. the seed-specific expression of mutant s111a/v193a in brassica p ... | 1999 | 10385326 |
| smrt sequencing data for garcinia mangostana l. variety mesta. | the "queen of fruits" mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) produces commercially important fruits with desirable taste of flesh and pericarp rich in xanthones with medicinal properties. to date, only limited knowledge is available on the cytogenetics and genome sequences of a common variety of mangosteen (abu bakar et al., 2016 [1]). here, we report the first single-molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing data from whole genome sequencing of mangosteen of mesta variety. raw reads of the smrt sequenc ... | 0 | 28529883 |
| dna shotgun sequencing analysis of garcinia mangostana l. variety mesta. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana linn.) is an ultra-tropical tree characterized by its unique dark purple fruits with white flesh. the xanthone-rich purple pericarp tissue contains valuable compounds with medicinal properties. following previously reported genome sequencing of a common variety of mangosteen [1], we performed another whole genome sequencing of a commercially popular variety of this fruit species (var. mesta) for comparative analysis of its genome composition. raw reads of the dna ... | 0 | 28516035 |
| xanthones from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) is one of the most popular tropical fruits (called the "queen of fruits"), and is a rich source of oxygenated and prenylated xanthone derivatives. in the present work, phytochemical investigation has resulted in one new prenylated xanthone and 13 known xanthones isolated from the pericarp of g. mangostana. their structures were established by spectroscopic data analysis, including x-ray diffraction. the new one was further tested for cytotoxic activity against ... | 0 | 28441346 |
| effects of α-mangostin on viability, growth and cohesion of multicellular spheroids derived from human breast cancer cell lines. | background: α-mangostin (αmg) is extracted from garcinia mangostana linn and exerts antiproliferative activities. although several researches on αmg were performed using cell monolayers, the in vitro pharmacological effects on 3d cancer models have never been investigated. aim of the present study was to find new anticancer properties of αmg by evaluating the changes that this compound provokes in multicellular tumour spheroids (mctss). methods: mctss were generated from mda-mb-231 and mcf-7 bre ... | 2018 | 29333084 |
| garcixanthone a, a new cytotoxic xanthone from the pericarps of garcinia mangostana. | a new prenylated xanthone, garcixanthone a (5), together with eight known compounds, mangostanaxanthones i (1) and ii (2), garcinone e (3), β-mangostin (4), 8-hydroxycudraxanthone g (6), garcinone c (7), cudraxanthone g (8), and (-)-epicatechin (9) were isolated from the etoac-soluble fraction of the air-dried pericarps of garcinia mangostana (family clusiaceae). their structures were verified on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation as well as comparison with the literature. the cytoto ... | 2018 | 29307236 |
| data on rna-seq analysis of garcinia mangostana l. seed development. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) has exceptional potential for commercial and pharmaceutical applications due to its delicious fruit and medicinal properties. nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of mangosteen seed development is poorly understood. in this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of four seed developmental stages; eight, ten, twelve and fourteen weeks after anthesis. illumina hiseq™ 4000 sequencer was used to generate raw data of approximately 68 gb in size. from 451,495, ... | 2018 | 29188226 |
| nanocarrier-mediated delivery of α-mangostin for non-surgical castration of male animals. | the overpopulation of abandoned and stray companion animals has become a global crisis. the main purpose of this study was to develop a novel nanomedicine-based antifertility compound for non-surgical castration of male animals. mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l) pericarp extract has been shown to exhibit anti-fertility property. α-mangostin (am)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (am-nlc) was developed to improve male germ cell apoptosis. this study was conducted to investigate physicochemical ... | 2017 | 29176590 |
| mangostanaxanthone vii, a new cytotoxic xanthone from garcinia mangostana. | garcinia mangostana l. (the queen of fruits, mangosteen, family guttiferae) is a wealthy source of xanthones. the chcl3 soluble fraction of the air-dried pericarps of g. mangostana provided a new xanthone: mangostanaxanthone vii (5), along with four known xanthones: mangostanaxanthones i (1) and ii (2), gartanin (3) and γ-mangostin (4). the structural verification of these metabolites was achieved by different spectral techniques, including uv, ir, 1d and 2d nmr and hresims. the new metabolite w ... | 2017 | 29116938 |
| garcinia mangostana linn displays antidepressant-like and pro-cognitive effects in a genetic animal model of depression: a bio-behavioral study in the flinders sensitive line rat. | there is abundant evidence for both disorganized redox balance and cognitive deficits in major depressive disorder (mdd). garcinia mangostana linn (gm) has anti-oxidant activity. we studied the antidepressant-like and pro-cognitive effects of raw gm rind in flinders sensitive line (fsl) rats, a genetic model of depression, following acute and chronic treatment compared to a reference antidepressant, imipramine (imi). the chemical composition of the gm extract was analysed for levels of α- and γ- ... | 2017 | 29101602 |
| asymmetric dumbbell-shaped silver nanoparticles and spherical gold nanoparticles green-synthesized by mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp waste extracts. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) pericarp waste extract was used to synthesize gold and silver nanoparticles by a green strategy. the extract was both a reducing and stabilizing agent during synthesis. phytochemical screening of the extract was conducted to obtain information regarding the presence/absence of primary and secondary metabolites in the extract. the in vitro antioxidant activity results demonstrated that the extract had excellent antioxidant activity, which was comparable to a stand ... | 2017 | 29066885 |
| synergism between α-mangostin and trail induces apoptosis in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity through the mitochondrial pathway. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) is a tree found in south-east asia and the pericarp of its fruit has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of many human illnesses. mangosteen fruit rinds contain a high concentration of xanthone, which is a type of polyphenol. one type of xanthone, α-mangostin, has been reported to exert chemopreventive effects against chemically-induced colon cancer through the decrease of c-myc expression, suppressing tumor growth in a mouse model of mammary cancer. a r ... | 2017 | 29039600 |
| protective effects of compounds from garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen) against uvb damage in hacat cells and hairless mice. | ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation causes alterations in the skin, such as epidermal thickening, wrinkle formation and inflammation. therefore, preventing uvb-induced skin damage can promote general health among the human population. garcinia mangostana l. (mangosteen) is a fruit that has become a popular botanical dietary supplement because of its perceived role in promoting overall health. the present study investigated the photoprotective effects of α-, β-, γ-mangostins and gartanin against uvb ra ... | 2017 | 29039482 |
| metabolic profiling of garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) based on ripening stages. | metabolomics is an emerging research field based on exhaustive metabolite profiling that have been proven useful to facilitate the study of postharvest fruit development and ripening. specifically, tracking changes to the metabolome as fruit ripens should provide important clues for understanding ripening mechanisms and identify bio-markers to improve post-harvest technology of fruits. this study conducted a time-course metabolome analysis in mangosteen, an economically important tropical fruit ... | 2017 | 28970109 |
| the potential of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana) peel extract, combined with demineralized freeze-dried bovine bone xenograft, to reduce ridge resorption and alveolar bone regeneration in preserving the tooth extraction socket. | following the extraction of a tooth, bone resorption can cause significant problems for a subsequent denture implant and restorative dentistry. thus, the tooth extraction socket needs to be maintained to reduce the chance of any alveolar ridge bone resorption. | 2017 | 28936043 |
| alpha-mangostin inhibits both dengue virus production and cytokine/chemokine expression. | since severe dengue virus (denv) infection in humans associates with both high viral load and massive cytokine production - referred to as "cytokine storm", an ideal drug for treatment of denv infection should efficiently inhibit both virus production and cytokine expression. in searching for such an ideal drug, we discovered that α-mangostin (α-mg), a major bioactive compound purified from the pericarp of the mangosteen fruit (garcinia mangostana linn), which has been used in traditional medici ... | 2017 | 28864423 |
| rna-seq assembly and analysis of garcinia mangostana transcriptome during seed germination. | garcinia mangostana is a tropical fruit plant rich in antioxidant and bears recalcitrant seeds. the extent of water loss and low temperature tolerable by recalcitrant seed varies from regular orthodox seeds. present study generates transcriptome resources for g. mangostana to postulate potential transcriptome differences between recalcitrant and orthodox seeds during seed germination process. raw reads of pooled samples used for the assembly have been deposited in genbank accession srr5412332. | 2017 | 28861452 |
| alpha-mangostin protects rat articular chondrocytes against il-1β-induced inflammation and slows the progression of osteoarthritis in a rat model. | osteoarthritis (oa) is a joint disease characterized by inflammation and cartilage degradation. α-mangostin (α-mg), which can be isolated from the fruit of the tropical evergreen tree garcinia mangostana-l, is known to have anti-inflammatory properties. the aim of the study was to investigate the use of α-mg in the treatment of oa, using both rat chondrocytes and an oa rat model induced by destabilization of the medial meniscus (dmm). rat chondrocytes were pretreated with α-mg (0, 1.25, 2.5, and ... | 2017 | 28858724 |
| medicinal properties of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.): a comprehensive update. | garcinia mangostana l. (clusiaceae) is a tropical tree native to southeast asia known as mangosteen which fruits possess a distinctive and pleasant taste that has granted them the epithet of "queen of the fruits". the seeds and pericarps of the fruit have a long history of use in the traditional medicinal practices of the region, and beverages containing mangosteen pulp and pericarps are sold worldwide as nutritional supplements. the main phytochemicals present in the species are isoprenylated x ... | 2017 | 28842267 |
| α, γ-mangostins induce autophagy and show synergistic effect with gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cell lines. | pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal and aggressive cancers in the world. however, no effective treatment is currently available for pancreatic cancer. the objective of this study was to determine the anti-pancreatic cancer effect of α-mangostin (αm) and γ-mangostin (γm) extracted from the pericarp of garcinia mangostana l.. both αm and γm reduced the viability of pancreatic cancer cells mia paca-2 and panc-1 in a dose-dependent manner. these compounds induced apoptosis by increasing c-pa ... | 2017 | 28822990 |
| identification of lead molecules in garcinia mangostana l. against pancreatic cholesterol esterase activity: an in silico approach. | hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. hence, inhibitors of cholesterol absorption have been investigated for decades as a strategy to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia. cholesterol esterase (cease) in pancreatic juice plays a vital role in the hydrolysis of dietary cholesterol esters to cholesterol and fatty acids. since inhibition of cease might lead to a reduction of cholesterol ... | 2017 | 28741279 |
| acetyl- and o-alkyl- derivatives of β-mangostin from garcinia mangostana and their anti-inflammatory activities. | pure β-mangostin (1) was isolated from the stem bark of garcinia mangostana l. one monoacetate (2) and five o-alkylated β-mangostin derivatives (3-7) were synthesised from β-mangostin. the structures of these compounds were elucidated and determined using spectroscopic techniques such as 1d nmr and ms. the cytotoxicities and anti-inflammatory activities of these five compounds against raw cell 264.7 were tested. the structural-activity relationship studies indicated that β-mangostin showed a sig ... | 2017 | 28715912 |
| gas exchange characteristics of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) leaves. | gas exchange responses of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) leaves to photosynthetic photon flux density (ppfd), internal co(2) concentration (c(i)), leaf-air vapor pressure deficit (vpd), leaf temperature (t(l)) and time of day were investigated in plants grown in three shade treatments. maximal photosynthetic rate (p(n(max))) per unit leaf area at light saturation did not differ significantly among plants grown in the different shade treatments despite significant morphological differences. ... | 1993 | 14969901 |
| antimicrobial activities of garcinia mangostana. | | 1983 | 6611746 |
| alpha-mangostin reverses multidrug resistance by attenuating the function of the multidrug resistance-linked abcg2 transporter. | the atp-binding cassette (abc) drug transporter abcg2 can actively efflux a wide variety of chemotherapeutic agents out of cancer cells and subsequently reduce the intracellular accumulation of these drugs. therefore, the overexpression of abcg2 often contributes to the development of multidrug resistance (mdr) in cancer cells, which is one of the major obstacles to successful cancer chemotherapy. moreover, abcg2 is highly expressed in various tissues including the intestine and blood-brain barr ... | 2017 | 28641010 |
| rna-seq analysis of mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) fruit ripening. | mangosteen (garcinia mangostana l.) is known for its delectable taste and contains high amount of xanthones which have been reported to possess anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and other bioactive properties. however, stage-specific regulation of mangosteen fruit ripening has never been studied in detail. we have performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis of three ripening stages (stage 0, 2 and 6) of mangosteen. we have obtained a raw data from six libraries through illumina hiseq 4000. a to ... | 2017 | 28560167 |
| garcinia mangostana pericarp extract protects against oxidative stress and cardiovascular remodeling via suppression of p47phox and inos in nitric oxide deficient rats. | nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-name)-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. garcinia mangostana linn., has been reported to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. this study investigated whether g. mangostana pericarp extract (gme) could prevent l-name-induced hemodynamic alterations, cardiovascular remodeling, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats. male sprague-dawley rats were given 40mg/kg/day of l-name in ... | 2017 | 28455132 |
| in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of α-mangostin on cholangiocarcinoma cells and allografts | we investigated the anti-cholangiocarcinoma effect of α-mangostin from garcinia mangostana pericarp extract (gm) in a human cholangiocarcinoma (cca) cell line and a hamster cca allograft model. in vitro, human cca cells were treated with gm at various concentrations and for different time periods; then cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry, and metastatic potential with wound healing assays. in vivo, hamster allografts were treated with gm, gemcitabine (positive con ... | 2017 | 28441703 |
| review of garcinia mangostana and its xanthones in metabolic syndrome and related complications. | metabolic syndrome is coexistence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension that causes cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and their complications, low quality and short lifespan. garcinia mangostana and its xanthones such as α-mangostin have been shown desirable effects such as anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-dyslipidemia, anti-diabetic and antiinflammatory effects in experimental studies. various databases such as pubmed, scopus and web of science with keywords ... | 2017 | 28656594 |
| mangosteen extract prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by suppressing nf-κb activation and inflammation. | in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of mangosteen extract (mge) on dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced colitis in mice and nuclear factor (nf)-κb pathway modulation were investigated. acute colitis was induced by administering 3% dss in drinking water for 7 days, and three groups of institute of cancer research mice were treated with 30 and 120 mg/kg mge or 5-aminosalicylic acid for 7 days; an additional two groups of mice served as healthy and disease controls. the results indicated t ... | 2017 | 28654307 |