| immunostimulating effect of growth hormone: in-vivo administration of growth hormone in rainbow trout enhances resistance to vibrio anguillarum infection. | in-vivo administration of purified (ngh) and recombinant (rgh) chum salmon, oncorhynchus keta, growth hormone enhanced the survival of rainbow trout, o. mykiss, against virulent vibrio anguillarum. macrophages obtained from rainbow trout that were treated in vivo with either gh preparation showed enhanced stimulation of the chemiluminescent responses induced by opsonized v. anguillarum cells and increased phagocytic activities. however, the serum bactericidal activity against v. anguillarum was ... | 1997 | 9239847 |
| immunization with bacterial antigens: vibrio infections. | within the genus vibrio, the species causing the most economically important diseases in marine culture are vibrio anguillarum, v. ordalii, v. salmonicida and v. vulnificus biotype 2. for these bacterial fish pathogens host range, clinical importance, virulence mechanisms, the antigenic variants relevant to vaccination, the existence of genetic intraspecific diversity and the available vaccines including commercial or domestically produced will be described. among the 10 serotypes described in v ... | 1997 | 9270838 |
| identification and molecular characterization of two tandemly located flagellin genes from aeromonas salmonicida a449. | two tandemly located flagellin genes, flaa and flab, with 79% nucleotide sequence identity were identified in aeromonas salmonicida a449. the fla genes are conserved in typical and atypical strains of a. salmonicida, and they display significant divergence at the nucleotide level from the fla genes of the motile species aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas veronii biotype sobria. flaa and flab encode unprocessed flagellins with predicted mrs of 32,351 and 32,056, respectively. when cloned under th ... | 1997 | 9286979 |
| signal transduction and transcriptional and posttranscriptional control of iron-regulated genes in bacteria. | iron is an essential element for nearly all living cells. thus, the ability of bacteria to utilize iron is a crucial survival mechanism independent of the ecological niche in which the microorganism lives, because iron is scarce both in potential biological hosts, where it is bound by high-affinity iron-binding proteins, and in the environment, where it is present as part of insoluble complex hydroxides. therefore, pathogens attempting to establish an infection and environmental microorganisms m ... | 1997 | 9293185 |
| modulation of crassostrea virginica hemocyte reactive oxygen species production by listonella anguillarum. | luminol- and lucigenin-augmented chemiluminescence (cl) were used to evaluate the ability of listonella (formerly vibrio) anguillarum to stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ros) by crassostrea virginica hemocytes. whereas heat-killed l. anguillarum stimulated hemocyte cl in the lucigenin system, viable l. anguillarum did not. neither viable nor heat-killed bacteria stimulated hemocyte production of luminol cl. metabolically active l. anguillarum generated ros, as indicated by lu ... | 1997 | 9303272 |
| an established hybridoma clone producing a monoclonal antibody against vibrio anguillarum. | vibrio anguillarum is a pathogenic microorganism of vibriosis, an infectious disease found in various fish species. a mouse hybridoma clone, named c5, that produced a monoclonal antibody to v. anguillarum was established. the specific reaction of c5 antibody with v. anguillarum was confirmed by the pre-adsorption effect of the v. anguillarum cells in elisa and a cell immunoprecipitation experiment. western blotting analysis indicated that the c5 antibody recognized a high molecular weight substa ... | 1997 | 9404077 |
| rpon of the fish pathogen vibrio (listonella) anguillarum is essential for flagellum production and virulence by the water-borne but not intraperitoneal route of inoculation. | to investigate the involvement of rpon in flagellum production and pathogenicity of vibrio (listonella) anguillarum, the rpon gene was cloned and sequenced. the deduced product of the rpon gene displayed strong homology to the alternative sigma 54 factor (rpon) of numerous species of bacteria. in addition, partial sequencing of rpon-linked orfs revealed a marked resemblance to similarly located orfs in other bacterial species. a polar insertion or an in-frame deletion in the coding region of rpo ... | 1997 | 9421909 |
| influence of culture conditions on expression of the 40-kilodalton porin protein of vibrio anguillarum serotype o2. | vibrio anguillarum serotype o2 strains express a 40-kda outer membrane porin protein. immunoblot analysis revealed that antigenic determinants of the v. anguillarum o2 40-kda porin were conserved within bacterial species of the genus vibrio. the relative amounts of the v. anguillarum o2 40-kda porin were enhanced by growth of v. anguillarum o2 in cm9 medium containing 5 to 10% sucrose or 0.1 to 0.5 m nacl. in contrast, the levels of the porin were significantly reduced when cells were grown at 3 ... | 1998 | 9435071 |
| the yersiniabactin biosynthetic gene cluster of yersinia enterocolitica: organization and siderophore-dependent regulation. | the ability to synthesize and uptake the yersinia siderophore yersiniabactin is a hallmark of the highly pathogenic, mouse-lethal species yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, and y. enterocolitica 1b. we have identified four genes, irp1, irp3, irp4, and irp5, on a 13-kb chromosomal dna fragment of y. enterocolitica 08, wa-314. these genes constitute the yersiniabactin biosynthetic gene cluster together with the previously defined irp2. the irp1 gene consists of 9,486 bp capable of encoding a ... | 1998 | 9457855 |
| effects of stress on the reproductive performance of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | we investigated the effects of stress over the final stages of sexual maturation on the reproductive performance of female rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss. stress was administered over the period of early vitellogenesis (1.5 mo), late vitellogenesis-final maturation (1.5 mo), or during both periods (3 mo). each stress treatment and control was triplicated, with eight females in each replicate (n = 24 fish per treatment). the eggs and progeny of each female were kept separate, and observations ... | 1998 | 9475400 |
| a vibrio cholerae pathogenicity island associated with epidemic and pandemic strains. | the bacterial species vibrio cholerae includes harmless aquatic strains as well as strains capable of causing epidemics and global pandemics of cholera. while investigating the relationship between pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains, we identified a chromosomal pathogenicity island (pai) that is present in epidemic and pandemic strains but absent from nonpathogenic strains. initially, two toxr-regulated genes (alda and taga) were studied and were found to be associated with epidemic and pandem ... | 1998 | 9501228 |
| viability during storage and stability of plasmids during storage and subculturing in strains of vibrio anguillarum. | the stability of plasmids, 3.3 kb - approximately 200 kb, in 8 strains of vibrio anguillarum displaying different plasmid profiles and reactions with o-antisera was investigated over an 18 months period. all plasmid profiles proved to be resistant to storage at different temperatures but strains stored at 37 degrees c were only viable for a short period of maximum 2 months. strains stored at 5 degrees c and 20 degrees c were viable for a longer period. viable strains maintained their plasmid pro ... | 1997 | 9503673 |
| plasmid-mediated histamine biosynthesis in the bacterial fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. | histamine production in bacteria-contaminated fish is the result of the presence of bacterial histidine decarboxylase activity, which converts histidine present in muscle proteins to histamine. the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum harbors a plasmid-encoded histidine decarboxylase gene (angh) that is essential for biosynthesis of the siderophore anguibactin. however, the role of angh in histamine biosynthesis by this pathogen has not been fully determined. thus, the objectives of this study were ... | 1998 | 9571139 |
| chemotaxis of pathogenic vibrio strains towards mucus surfaces of gilt-head sea bream (sparus aurata l.). | vibrio anguillarum and vibrio alginolyticus exhibited significant adhesion to and chemotactic abilities towards mucus collected from the skin, gills, and intestine of gilt-head sea bream. quadratic polynomial models for chemotaxis designed to estimate the influence of temperature demonstrated a differential bacterial chemotaxis depending of the source of the mucus, with the chemotaxis towards intestinal mucus being the least influenced. | 1998 | 9575135 |
| lysozyme and antiprotease activity in the lesser octopus eledone cirrhosa (lam.) (cephalopoda). | antiprotease and lysozyme activities were detected in various tissue samples including the haemocytes and haemolymph of eledone cirrhosa. injection of live vibrio anguillarum caused an increase in lysozyme activity in the branchial heart over 48 hours and a decrease in the lysozyme activity of haemocytes over 24 hours. haemocytes from control pbs injected animals demonstrated increased lysozyme levels 4 hours after injection whereas it decreased after the injection of live bacteria in pbs. the l ... | 1998 | 9617581 |
| a comparison of the chemiluminescent response of crassostrea virginica and morone saxatilis phagocytes to zymosan and viable listonella anguillarum. | if reactive oxygen species (ros) produced by hemocytes of the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica, impart bactericidal activity, exposure of hemocytes to bacteria should result in increased ros generation. in an earlier study, this hypothesis was tested using luminol- and lucigenin-augmented chemiluminescence (cl) to measure ros production. the bacterium listonella anguillarum did not stimulate a net increase in hemocyte-derived cl, and it was suggested that bacterial antioxidants might suppre ... | 1998 | 9617583 |
| methodological aspects of assessing phagocytosis of vibrio anguillarum by leucocytes of gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) by flow cytometry and electron microscopy. | in this paper we optimize a flow cytometric method for evaluating the phagocytic activity of leucocytes in gilthead seabream (sparus aurata l.) and characterize the phagocytic cells observed. optimal conditions were established for the fluorescein-labelling and analysis of the bacterium vibrio anguillarum by flow cytometry. head-kidney leucocytes were incubated with the heat-killed fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc)-labelled bacteria for different periods, during which the kinetics of phagocytosi ... | 1998 | 9634605 |
| sialic acid-binding lectin with antibacterial activity from the horse mussel: further characterization and immunolocalization. | a heterogeneous sialic acid-binding lectin with affinity for bacterial lps was isolated and partially characterized from hemolymph of the horse mussel modiolus modiolus.(1) using two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized ph gradients, the lectin revealed three subunits with different molecular weight and isoelectric points (pi); mr14 (pi approximately 5.1 and approximately 5.5), 17.5 (pi approximately 5.5) and 20 (pi approximately 4.9) kda. the affinity purified lectin existed in its nati ... | 1998 | 9639084 |
| evaluation of the immunospecificity of the porin om1 of vibrio anguillarum serotype o1. | three methods of immunoanalysis (immunoblot, elisa and dot-blot) were used to evaluate the immunospecificity of the antiserum against the porin om1 of vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 with respect to all the serotypes of v. anguillarum, different vibrio species and other gram-negative genera. in the immunoblot analysis of the outer membrane proteins, this antiserum cross-reacted with the main outer membrane protein (momp) of all the vibrio strains studied but not with other genera, except plesiomo ... | 1998 | 9674122 |
| note: molecular cloning of chitinase genes from vibrio anguillarum and v. parahaemolyticus. | chitinase genes from vibrio anguillarum kv9001 and v. parahaemolyticus atcc17802 were cloned into escherichia coli. open reading frames of chitinase genes from v. anguillarum (vac) and v. parahaemolyticus (vpc) are 1755 bp and 1890 bp, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of these genes have 71.6% identity. there are two consensus sequence regions in the vac and vpc proteins. the vac gene was highly prevalent in v. anguillarum, and the dna probe of the vac gene hybridized to v. alginol ... | 1998 | 9717305 |
| route of vaccine administration: effects on the specific humoral response in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | the specific humoral response of teleost fish to extracellular bacteria was examined using a rainbow trout-vibrio anguillarum model. treatment groups were immunized by oral, immersion, and injection routes. all 3 delivery methods conferred full protection in controlled laboratory challenges (p < 0.01). prior to boosting, serum antibody titers did not correlate with protection in the orally and immersion-vaccinated groups, but, contrary to previous studies, titers measured 10 and 17 d after boost ... | 1998 | 9745714 |
| neurotoxic effect on two fish species and a pc12 cell line of the supernate of vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio anguillarum. | the biological effects of supernates obtained from different strains of vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio anguillarum isolated from diseased fish have been studied by inoculation on two fish species, eel and rainbow trout, and two fish cell lines. these supernates possess neuroexcitatory properties, and so, when they are injected into both fish species, they trigger convulsions, wriggling, contortive swimming and respiratory arrest coupled with increased respiratory reflex. furthermore, after the ... | 1998 | 9810622 |
| purification, characterization and immunochemical properties of a novel 60-kda protein of vibrio anguillarum strains. | vibrio anguillarum strains expressed increased amounts of a novel 60-kda protein when cells were grown at physiologically elevated temperatures. the relative amounts of the 60-kda protein were unaltered by changes in osmolarity or ionic concentration of the growth medium in cells grown at optimal growth temperatures. the n-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the v. anguillarum 60-kda protein showed extensive (94-89%) sequence identity with the 60-kda heat shock protein of yersinia enterocol ... | 1998 | 9812371 |
| characterization of the interaction between fur and the iron transport promoter of the virulence plasmid in vibrio anguillarum. | the expression of iron transport genes fatdcba in vibrio anguillarum strain 775 is negatively regulated by two iron-responsive repressors, the fur protein and the antisense rna, rnaalpha. here we report the identification of the promoter for the iron transport genes and studied the interaction between the v. anguillarum fur protein and this promoter. the iron transport promoter was localized in a region approximately 300 base pairs upstream of fatd by both primer extension and s1 mapping analysi ... | 1998 | 9837975 |
| internalization and cytotoxicity are important virulence mechanisms in vibrio-fish epithelial cell interactions. | vibrio anguillarum and vibrio damselae are gram-negative bacteria that cause systemic infections called vibriosis in fish. they can enter fish cells and survive as intracellular parasites. the host-pathogen interactions between these vibrio species and the fish epithelial cell lines epithelioma papillosum of carp (epc) and grunt-fin tissue (gf) cells, were examined using phase-contrast, scanning electron and confocal microscopy. in addition, potential signal transduction pathways that precede ba ... | 1998 | 9846734 |
| genetic organization of the regions associated with surface polysaccharide synthesis in vibrio cholerae o1, o139 and vibrio anguillarum o1 and o2: a review. | vibrio cholerae and v. anguillarum are recognized as aquatic-borne human and fish pathogens, respectively. based upon analyses of several genes and the presence of novel genetic elements it seems that these two species are very closely related. studies in this laboratory have identified an association of is1358 with rfb and capsule loci in these two species. the most recent findings suggest that is1358 is associated with the rfb region in v. cholerae o1 and o139 and in v. anguillarum o1 and o2. ... | 1998 | 9858748 |
| vibrio anguillarum resistance to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) serum: role of o-antigen structure of lipopolysaccharide. | the sensitivity of vibrio anguillarum to the bactericidal effect of rainbow trout serum was investigated with different strains of serogroups o1 and o2a, which are the most frequently found serogroups in clinical outbreaks of vibriosis. all of the v. anguillarum strains were able to activate complement in rainbow trout serum, but smooth strains of v. anguillarum serogroup o1 were resistant to complement-mediated killing in the absence of specific antibodies. in the case of v. anguillarum serogro ... | 1999 | 9864229 |
| pharmacokinetics of a discontinuous absorption process of oxolinic acid in turbot, scophthalmus maximus, after a single oral administration. | 1. the pharmacokinetics of oxolinic acid have been studied in 500 g turbot (scophthalmus maximus). the fish were kept in seawater at 16 degrees c with a 15 h/9 h photoperiod. oxolinic acid was administered orally via a stomach tube at a single dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight. serum concentrations of oxolinic acid were determined by a (hplc) using liquid phase extraction with an internal standard and a fluorescence detection. 2. the pharmacokinetic process was not significantly sex-influenced. th ... | 1998 | 9879638 |
| extended serotyping scheme for vibrio anguillarum with the definition and characterization of seven provisional o-serogroups. | the present paper summarizes the serotyping scheme of the fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum and defines seven additional o-serogroups. strains, collected in our laboratories that were nontypable with antisera against the previously defined 16 o-serotypes, were used for generating new antisera and were characterized further by means of lps profiles, western blots, and serological reactions. on the basis of the results, it is suggested that the seven new o-serogroups are to be included ... | 1999 | 9922470 |
| inhibition of vibrio anguillarum by pseudomonas fluorescens ah2, a possible probiotic treatment of fish. | to study the possible use of probiotics in fish farming, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antagonism of antibacterial strain pseudomonas fluorescens strain ah2 against the fish-pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum. as iron is important in virulence and bacterial interactions, the effect of p. fluorescens ah2 was studied under iron-rich and iron-limited conditions. sterile-filtered culture supernatants from iron-limited p. fluorescens ah2 inhibited the growth of v. anguillarum, whereas st ... | 1999 | 10049849 |
| clonality of vibrio anguillarum strains isolated from fish from the scandinavian countries, sweden, finland and denmark. | in order to investigate whether outbreaks of vibriosis in the baltic region were caused by the spread of certain pathogenic clones, 291 vibrio anguillarum isolates from finland (n = 156), sweden (n = 88) and denmark (n = 47) were studied with respect to serogroup, ribotype, plasmid content, and biochemical phenotypes as expressed with the pheneplate (php) typing system. for comparison, 54 v. anguillarum serogroup o1 from other countries worldwide were included. most isolates from finland, sweden ... | 1999 | 10063633 |
| macromolecular antimicrobial glycoprotein, achacin, expressed in a methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | a cdna encoding achacin, an antimicrobial glycoprotein from the body surface mucus of giant african snail achacina fulica férussac, was expressed in a methylotrophic yeast, pichia pastoris, and recombinant achacin (rach) was secreted in yeast minimal medium in a polyglycosylated form with 80 kda. carbohydrate analysis revealed that the glycosylated moiety of rach was composed of 50 mol mannose and 2 mol n-acetylglucosamine residues. antimicrobial activity using escherichia coli and staphylococcu ... | 1999 | 10217406 |
| experimental infection by vibrio anguillarum in mice and guinea pigs. | the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum causes a lethal infection in farmed fish characterized by hemorrhagic septicemia. there are no reports of experimental laboratory infections in warm-blooded animals. we investigated the effects of an intraperitoneal infection with different doses of a v. anguillarum suspension in mice and guinea pigs. the infection caused a 95-100% of mortality in 24-48 h. hemorrhagic septicemia was observed at necropsy and confirmed by histological and hematological examinat ... | 1999 | 10379237 |
| identification of a pathogen-binding lectin in salmon serum. | a mannose-binding lectin was isolated from the blood serum of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed a multimeric structure composed of 17000 mr subunits. hexosamine analysis and glycosidase digestion showed that the lectin is not glycosylated and amino acid analysis revealed no unusual compositional features. using ruthenium red staining, the lectin was shown to bind ca2+ ions. n-te ... | 1999 | 10390051 |
| the chemotactic response of vibrio anguillarum to fish intestinal mucus is mediated by a combination of multiple mucus components. | chemotactic motility has previously been shown to be essential for the virulence of vibrio anguillarum in waterborne infections of fish. to investigate the mechanisms by which chemotaxis may function during infection, mucus was isolated from the intestinal and skin epithelial surfaces of rainbow trout. chemotaxis assays revealed that v. anguillarum swims towards both types of mucus, with a higher chemotactic response being observed for intestinal mucus. work was performed to examine the basis, i ... | 1999 | 10400589 |
| induction of protease activity in vibrio anguillarum by gastrointestinal mucus. | the effect of gastrointestinal mucus on protease activity in vibrio anguillarum was investigated. protease activity was measured by using an azocasein hydrolysis assay. cells grown to stationary phase in mucus (200 microg of mucus protein/ml) exhibited ninefold-greater protease activity than cells grown in luria-bertani broth plus 2% nacl (lb20). protease induction was examined with cells grown in lb20 and resuspended in mucus, lb20, nine-salts solution (nss [a carbon-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus ... | 1999 | 10427048 |
| carnobacterium inhibens sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | strain k1t, isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of atlantic salmon (salmo salar), has the capacity to inhibit the growth of the fish pathogens vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida. strain k1t is a motile gram-positive psychrophilic rod that lacks both catalase and oxidase, which does not grow on acetate containing media, but grows at ph 9 and in tsb with up to 6% sodium chloride content. strain k1t is facultatively anaerobic and tryptone as a sole source of nutrient promotes growth. ... | 1999 | 10555373 |
| characterization of the angr gene of vibrio anguillarum: essential role in virulence. | the ability to utilize the iron bound by high-affinity iron-binding proteins in the vertebrate host is an important virulence factor for the marine fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. virulence in septicemic infections is due to the presence of a highly efficient plasmid-encoded iron transport system. angr, a 110-kda protein component of this system, appears to play a role in both regulation of the expression of the iron transport genes fatdcba and the production of the siderophore anguibactin. th ... | 1999 | 10569768 |
| comparison of differential plating media and two chromatography techniques for the detection of histamine production in bacteria. | the bacterial enzyme histidine decarboxylase (hdc) catalyses the conversion of histidine into histamine. this amine is essential for the biosynthesis of iron chelators (siderophores) and is an important cause of food poisoning after consumption of fish contaminated with histamine-producing bacteria. in this work we compared different methods for detecting histamine secreted by different bacterial strains. the presence of histamine in the culture supernatant of vibrio anguillarum, which produces ... | 1999 | 10579509 |
| vibrio cholerae vibf is required for vibriobactin synthesis and is a member of the family of nonribosomal peptide synthetases. | a 7.5-kbp fragment of chromosomal dna downstream of the vibrio cholerae vibriobactin outer membrane receptor, viua, and the vibriobactin utilization gene, viub, was recovered from a sau3a lambda library of o395 chromosomal dna. by analogy with the genetic organization of the escherichia coli enterobactin gene cluster, in which the enterobactin biosynthetic and transport genes lie adjacent to the enterobactin outer membrane receptor, fepa, and the utilization gene, fes, the cloned dna was examine ... | 2000 | 10692380 |
| distribution of is1358 and linkage to rfb-related genes in vibrio anguillarum. | the insertion sequence is1358 is linked to the rfb regions of both vibrio cholerae o1 and o139, and its location was suggestive of a role in generating new combinations of rfb genes. this provoked an examination of the distribution and localization of is1358 in vibrio anguillarum. s11358 was widely distributed in a number of v. anguillarum serogroups. in particular, when cosmid clones of v. anguillarum o1 were screened with is1358 and subsequently subcloned and sequenced, it was found that rfb-l ... | 2000 | 10708371 |
| role of motility in adherence to and invasion of a fish cell line by vibrio anguillarum. | to understand further the role of the flagellum of vibrio anguillarum in virulence, invasive and adhesive properties of isogenic motility mutants were analyzed by using a chinook salmon embryo cell line. adhesion was unaffected but invasion of the cell line was significantly decreased in nonmotile or partially motile mutants, and the chemotactic mutant was hyperinvasive. these results suggest that active motility aids invasion by v. anguillarum, both in vivo and in vitro. | 2000 | 10735880 |
| cloning and characterization of the gene encoding rna polymerase sigma factor sigma(54) of deep-sea piezophilic shewanella violacea. | we have recently reported that a sigma(54)-like factor recognizes a dna element, designated as region a, upstream of a pressure-regulated operon in piezophilic shewanella violacea strain dss12 (nakasone et al., fems microbiology lett. 176 (1999) 351-356). in this study, we isolated and characterized the rpon gene of this piezophilic bacterium. the rpon gene was found to encode a putative protein consisting of 492 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 55359 da. significant homolo ... | 2000 | 10760597 |
| antimicrobial peptides protect coho salmon from vibrio anguillarum infections. | fish losses from infectious diseases are a significant problem in aquaculture worldwide. therefore, we investigated the ability of cationic antimicrobial peptides to protect against infection caused by the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum. to identify effective peptides for fish, the mics of certain antimicrobial peptides against fish pathogens were determined in vitro. two of the most effective antimicrobial peptides, ceme, a cecropin-melittin hybrid peptide, and pleurocidin amide, a c-terminal ... | 2000 | 10788362 |
| numerical taxonomy of gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated from skin of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) and surrounding water. | a numerical taxonomic study of 473 gram negative heterotrophic facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated from skin of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) and its culture water was performed. the study included 53 type and reference strains belonging to the genera vibrio, aeromonas and listonella. the strains were characterized using 90 tests and data were examined by simple matching coefficient (s(sm)) and jaccard coefficient (s(j)). upgma (unweighted pair group method, arithmetic average) defined 66 ph ... | 1999 | 10794149 |
| susceptibility of juvenile and sub-adult atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) to infection by vibrio anguillarum and efficacy of protection induced by vaccination. | experimental bath challenge of juvenile and sub-adult atlantic halibut with vibrio anguillarum induced severe mortalities of 47 and 80%, respectively. however, animals vaccinated with a commercial v. anguillarum vaccine demonstrated excellent protection against the disease (100% rps). this study also describes the gross pathology and histological changes associated with this infection. a loss of coordination, haemorrhage at the fin base and splenomegaly were frequent findings. serum agglutinatin ... | 2000 | 10938742 |
| the vibrio cholerae o1 chromosomal integron. | until the discovery of the vibrio cholerae repeat (vcr), the gene capture and expression systems termed integrons had been typically associated with antibiotic-resistance gene cassettes with usually less than five genes in an array. a method is described for the cloning of the ends of large cassette arrays. conserved restriction sites within vcrs facilitated the mapping by southern hybridization and cloning of the 5' end of the vcr array, and using appropriate fragments it was possible to develo ... | 2000 | 11021935 |
| characterization of the dna- and metal-binding properties of vibrio anguillarum fur reveals conservation of a structural zn(2+) ion. | the ferric uptake regulator, fur, represses iron uptake and siderophore biosynthetic genes under iron-replete conditions. here we report in vitro solution studies on vibrio anguillarum fur binding to the consensus 19-bp escherichia coli iron box in the presence of several divalent metals. we found that v. anguillarum fur binds the iron box in the presence of mn(2+), co(2+), cd(2+), and to a lesser extent ni(2+) but, unlike e. coli fur, not in the presence of zn(2+). we also found that v. anguill ... | 2000 | 11029454 |
| the overlapping angb and angg genes are encoded within the trans-acting factor region of the virulence plasmid in vibrio anguillarum: essential role in siderophore biosynthesis. | products encoded in the trans-acting factor (taf) region are necessary for the biosynthesis of anguibactin and for maximal expression of iron transport and biosynthesis genes in the plasmid-encoded iron-scavenging system of vibrio anguillarum. here we identify angb, a locus located in the taf region, which encodes products essential for anguibactin biosynthesis. we demonstrate that a 287-amino-acid polypeptide, encoded by angb and designated angb, has an isochorismate lyase activity necessary fo ... | 2000 | 11073922 |
| the effects of salinity on the interaction between a pathogen (listonella anguillarum) and components of a host (ostrea edulis) immune system. | data are presented from a study to determine how salinity may modulate the interactions between an opportunistic bacterial pathogen listonella anguillarum and the immune system of a bivalve host, the european flat oyster ostrea edulis. oysters were acclimated to three salinity regimes (32, 25 and 16%, at 15 degrees c) for 7 days within the laboratory and were then inoculated with a sub-lethal dose of live l. anguillarum. forty-eight hours after inoculation measurements were made of the changes i ... | 2000 | 11079374 |
| identification and characterization of carnobacteria associated with the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.). | using the surface plate technique, the population level of aerobic bacteria, occurring in the gills of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.), was determined to be approximately 3 x 10(4) g(-1). of 100 isolates investigated, 58 were gram-negative. out of the 42 gram-positive isolates, 26 belonged to the carnobacteria, of which ten were further identified on the basis of 16s rdna sequence analysis and aflp fingerprinting. all were identified as carnobacterium piscicola-like. these carnobacteria strains ... | 2000 | 11249022 |
| uptake and processing of a vibrio anguillarum bacterin in artemia franciscana measured by elisa and immunohistochemistry. | nauplii of artemia franciscana were incubated in two different concentrations (undiluted and 1:9 in autoclaved sea water) of a divalent bacterin composed of two different serovars of vibrio anguillarum. in order to investigate uptake and further processing of a bacterin in the live feed organism a. franciscana, immunohistochemistry was applied, visualising the presence of whole bacterial cells and antigens from the bacterin in individual nauplii. by using elisa, it was shown that approximately 1 ... | 2001 | 11271599 |
| synergy of histone-derived peptides of coho salmon with lysozyme and flounder pleurocidin. | recent research has identified endogenous cationic antimicrobial peptides as important factors in the innate immunity of many organisms, including fish. it is known that antimicrobial activity, as well as lysozyme activity, can be induced in coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch) mucus after exposure of the fish to infectious agents. since lysozyme alone does not have antimicrobial activity against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida, a four-step protein purification protocol was used to is ... | 2001 | 11302792 |
| response of haemocyte lysosomes to bacterial inoculation in the oysters ostrea edulis l. and crassostrea gigas (thunberg) and the scallop pecten maximus (l). | data are presented that demonstrate the application of the neutral red retention assay (nrr) to monitor the effects of a bacterial inoculation on the haemocyte lysosomes of the european flat oyster ostrea edulis, pacific oyster crassostrea gigas and scallop pecten maximus. bivalves were acclimated to three temperature regimes (5, 15 and 25 degrees c), at constant salinity for 7 days in the laboratory. once baseline responses to acclimation temperature had been established, the effects of an in v ... | 2001 | 11308076 |
| the luxm homologue vanm from vibrio anguillarum directs the synthesis of n-(3-hydroxyhexanoyl)homoserine lactone and n-hexanoylhomoserine lactone. | vibrio anguillarum, which causes terminal hemorrhagic septicemia in fish, was previously shown to possess a luxri-type quorum-sensing system (vanri) and to produce n-(3-oxodecanoyl)homoserine lactone (3-oxo-c10-hsl). however, a vani null mutant still activated n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) biosensors, indicating the presence of an additional quorum-sensing circuit in v. anguillarum. in this study, we have characterized this second system. using high-pressure liquid chromatography in conjunction ... | 2001 | 11371516 |
| characterization of the properties of human- and dairy-derived probiotics for prevention of infectious diseases in fish. | the present study aimed to investigate the potential probiotic properties of six lactic acid bacteria (lab) intended for human use, lactobacillus rhamnosus atcc 53103, lactobacillus casei shirota, lactobacillus bulgaricus, l. rhamnosus lc 705, bifidobacterium lactis bb12, and lactobacillus johnsonii la1, and one for animal use, enterococcus faecium tehobak, for use as a fish probiotic. the strains for human use were specifically chosen since they are known to be safe for human use, which is of m ... | 2001 | 11375147 |
| effects of bacteria on the growth of an amoeba infecting the gills of turbot. | we analysed the influence of various bacteria on the in vitro growth of trophozoites of a platyamoeba strain isolated from diseased gill tissues of cultured turbot. little or no growth was shown by amoebae cultured in the presence of (1) the turbot-pathogenic bacteria vibrio anguillarum, aeromonas salmonicida or streptococcus sp., (2) pasteurella piscicida or vibrio vulnificus (pathogenic for some fishes but not turbot), or (3) the non-pathogenic 'environmental' bacteria vibrio campbelli, vibrio ... | 2001 | 11411647 |
| kinetics of juvenile sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax, l.) systemic and mucosal antibody secreting cell response to different antigens (photobacterium damselae spp. piscicida, vibrio anguillarum and dnp). | the elispot assay was used to measure the number of specific antibody secreting cells (asc) induced during the primary and secondary immune responses in the spleen, head kidney and gut of juvenile (5 g) sea bass (dicentrarchus labrax) to bacterial (vibrio anguillarum and photobacterium damselae ssp. piscicida) and hapten dinitrophenyl-conjugated to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (dnp-klh) antigens administered intraperitoneally. high variability among individuals was observed at each sampling day. a ... | 2001 | 11417719 |
| the effects of tributyltin (tbt) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb-126) mixtures on antibody responses and phagocyte oxidative burst activity in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | the organotin tributyltin (tbt) is an antifouling biocide used in marine paints and is a common pollutant in harbor estuaries. we previously demonstrated that the immune system of channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus, is a sensitive target organ of tbt. exposure strongly suppresses humoral immune responses. harbor estuaries often contain polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) due to their ubuquitous distribution. the coplanar congener 3,3',4,4'5'-polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb-126) is also immunotoxic ... | 2001 | 11443370 |
| immune function, hepatic cyp1a, and reproductive biomarker responses in the gulf killifish, fundulus grandis, during dietary exposures to endocrine disrupters. | the gulf killifish, fundulus grandis, was used to determine the influence of biological rhythms on three biomarker responses. we first developed monoclonal antibodies against the model's immunoglobulins and vitellogenin in order to measure antibody responses and vitellogenesis, respectively. we then treated adults with 10, 1, 1, and 10 ppm of aroclor 1254, tribuyltin, 3-methylcholanthrene, and nonyl-phenol, respectively, in mixtures over a 16-week period. the study followed vibrio anguillarum-sp ... | 2000 | 11460684 |
| immunoglobulin genes and antibody responses in the spotted wolffish (anarhichas minor olafsen). | the spotted wolffish anarhichas minor olafsen is a promising new species in aquaculture in the cold waters of northern norway. in this paper, some basic immunological studies of this marine species are reported. of comparative interest are the cdna sequences of the immunoglobulin transcript and the antibody responses to model antigens. of more practical importance are the humoral immune responses and antibody specificities to potentially pathogenic bacteria. full length cdna clones encoding the ... | 2001 | 11478516 |
| in vitro interactions between rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages and vibrio anguillarum serogroup o2a. | the sensitivity of vibrio anguillarum serogroup o2a to killing by rainbow trout macrophages in the presence or absence of specific antibodies and complement components was evaluated using an in vitro assay. fluorescence microscopy revealed that v. anguillarum serogroup o2a was phagocytosed by rainbow trout macrophages. in the absence of specific antibodies and complement components the bacteria were killed to a limited extent by the macrophages and there was no increased killing if the bacteria ... | 2001 | 11478517 |
| presence of high-affinity iron uptake systems in fish-isolated and environmental strains of vibrio anguillarum serotype o3. | this work describes the presence of high-affinity iron uptake systems in vibrio anguillarum serotype o3 strains (subgroups a and b), isolated from diseased fish and environmental samples, as well as the presumptive effect of iron on their virulence. all strains demonstrated an ability to grow under iron-limiting conditions, production of catechol-type siderophores and synthesis of iron-regulated outer membrane proteins. however, clear differences were found depending on the isolation source, sug ... | 2001 | 11506911 |
| the toxr gene of vibrio (listonella) anguillarum controls expression of the major outer membrane proteins but not virulence in a natural host model. | to examine the hypothesis that the ancestral role of the toxr gene in the family vibrionaceae is control of the expression of outer membrane protein (omp)-encoding genes for adaptation to environmental change, we investigated the role of the toxr gene in vibrio anguillarum, an important fish pathogen. the toxr gene of v. angullarum (va-toxr) was cloned from strain pt-87050 isolated from diseased ayu (plecoglossus altivelis), and the sequence was analyzed. the toxr sequence was 63 to 51% identica ... | 2001 | 11553547 |
| role of flagellum and chemotactic motility of vibrio anguillarum for phagocytosis by and intracellular survival in fish macrophages. | the role of the flagellum and chemotactic motility of vibrio anguillarum for phagocytosis by and intracellular survival in fish macrophages was determined using a wild-type strain, a mutant without the flagellum, a mutant with a truncated flagellum and a non-chemotactic mutant. for all strains, the numbers of intracellular bacteria were relatively low and fell steadily during the observation period. the presence of a flagellum did not influence the uptake by the macrophages, but the smooth swimm ... | 2001 | 11583840 |
| interleukin-1beta isolated from a marine fish reveals up-regulated expression in macrophages following activation with lipopolysaccharide and lymphokines. | the gilthead seabream il-1beta gene consists of five exons/four introns. the complete coding sequence contains a 102 bp 5' untranslated region (utr), a single open reading frame of 762 bp which translates into a 253 amino acid molecule, and a 407 bp 3'utr with a polyadenylation signal 14 nucleotides upstream of the poly(a)tail. the seabream sequence has the highest degree of nucleotide (61.7%) and amino acid (53%) identity with the trout il-1beta sequences. the il-1beta message was detected by r ... | 2001 | 11683587 |
| coho salmon oncorhynchus kisutch strain differences in disease resistance and non-specific immunity, following immersion challenges with vibrio anguillarum. | two strains of freshwater-reared coho salmon oncorhynchus kisutch were compared for differences in the activity of selected non-specific immune factors before and after lethal and non-lethal immersion challenges with the marine bacterial pathogen vibrio anguillarum (vang). two disease challenge experiments were performed. the first experimental challenge resulted in no mortality; however, significant strain and challenge treatment effects were detected at day 16 post-challenge. strain difference ... | 2001 | 11797914 |
| survival of vibrio anguillarum in freshwater environments: adaptation or debilitation? | vibriosis caused by vibrio anguillarum seriously damages freshwater fish (salmoniforms) almost every year in lake biwa, japan. this pathogen requires nacl for its growth. when the pathogen was exposed to sterilized aged lake water, it lost its culturability without loosing respiratory activity. although this physiological state appears to be "viable but nonculturable" (vbnc), the cells could not be resuscitated even in host fish bodies. as these cells totally lost their pathogenicity, the vbnc-l ... | 2000 | 11810551 |
| chemical defense in the egg masses of benthic invertebrates: an assessment of antibacterial activity in 39 mollusks and 4 polychaetes. | many marine invertebrates deposit benthic egg masses that are potentially vulnerable to microbial infection. to help counter this threat these species may have evolved some form of chemical protection for their encapsulated embryos. in this study the egg masses from 7 marine mollusks were tested for antibacterial activity against 4 marine pathogens: enterococcus sericolicida, vibrio anguillarum, vibrio alginolyticus, and vibrio harveyi. extracts from all of these egg masses were found to inhibit ... | 2001 | 11812113 |
| diseases, prophylaxis and treatment of the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus: a review. | after substantial investments in research, the atlantic halibut hippoglossus hippoglossus is now being cultivated commercially in norway, iceland, scotland and canada. as with other domesticated species, disease problems have been experienced. this review summarizes the current state of knowledge of diseases of the atlantic halibut, and their diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment. in economic terms, the most important losses have been suffered at the larval and juvenile stages. the most important ... | 2001 | 11843141 |
| the probiotic potential against vibriosis of the indigenous microflora of rainbow trout. | the antibacterial properties of the indigenous microflora of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) and the potential use of inhibitory bacteria as fish probiotics were investigated. a total of 1018 bacteria and yeasts were isolated on tryptone soy agar (tsa) from skin, gills and intestine. forty-five of these inhibited growth of the fish pathogenic bacterium vibrio anguillarum in a well diffusion assay. the antagonism was most prominent among pseudomonas spp., as 28 (66%) of the antagonist ... | 2001 | 11846769 |
| vant, a homologue of vibrio harveyi luxr, regulates serine, metalloprotease, pigment, and biofilm production in vibrio anguillarum. | vibrio anguillarum possesses at least two n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) quorum-sensing circuits, one of which is related to the luxmn system of vibrio harveyi. in this study, we have cloned an additional gene of this circuit, vant, encoding a v. harveyi luxr-like transcriptional regulator. a v. anguillarum delta vant null mutation resulted in a significant decrease in total protease activity due to loss of expression of the metalloprotease empa, but no changes in either ahl production or virule ... | 2002 | 11872713 |
| a toxr homolog from vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 regulates its own production, bile resistance, and biofilm formation. | toxr, a transmembrane regulatory protein, has been shown to respond to environmental stimuli. to better understand how the aquatic bacterium vibrio anguillarum, a fish pathogen, responds to environmental signals that may be necessary for survival in the aquatic and fish environment, toxr and toxs from v. anguillarum serotype o1 were cloned. the deduced protein sequences were 59 and 67% identical to the vibrio cholerae toxr and toxs proteins, respectively. deletion mutations were made in each gen ... | 2002 | 11872714 |
| production and characterisation of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody to vibrio anguillarum. | seven monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies (mab2) were raised against mouse monoclonal antibody (mab1) 4a6. identification of subclass showed that 1h5, 1d1, 2b12 and 2f12 belonged to igg2b, 2h12 and 1h12 to igg2a and le10 to igg3. the titres of these mab2 ascitic fluids ranged from 1 x 10(-4)-1 x 10(-6). the capacity of the mab2 to inhibit the binding between the corresponding rabbit antiserum and vibrio anguillarum was investigated with the competitive inhibition elisa. the results showed that m ... | 2002 | 11931021 |
| efficacy of different administration routes for vaccination against vibrio anguillarum in atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.). | atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) is a potentially important new species to cold-water aquaculture. development of a viable industrial farming technique has been hampered by continued pathogen problems within the rearing cycle and there are several reports that indicated how susceptible juvenile halibut are to bacterial and viral diseases. interest has been expressed, within the industry, over the possibility of vaccinating suitably sized animals to protect against the more common ... | 2002 | 11931022 |
| circulating lysozyme and hepatic cyp1a activities during a chronic dietary exposure to tributyltin (tbt) and 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb-126) mixtures in channel catfish, ictalurus punctatus. | exposure to planar congeners of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (hahs) leads to a myriad of toxicities, including developmental, reproductive, and immunotoxic effects. halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons possessing structural similarity to tcdd, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (pcb-126), are more prevalent in the environment than tcdd, and they elicit similar toxic effects, primarily through the cytosolic aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (ahr). while polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) are ubi ... | 2002 | 11991632 |
| characterisation of gilthead seabream acidophilic granulocytes by a monoclonal antibody unequivocally points to their involvement in fish phagocytic response. | the various cell types involved in fish phagocytic defence have not been properly established because of the morphological heterogeneity of leucocytes and the lack of appropriate cell-surface markers. in this study, we report the production and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody, g7, which specifically recognises gilthead seabream acidophilic granulocytes, as assayed by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. the antibody reacted with 40%-50% of head-kidney and peritoneal exudat ... | 2002 | 12012209 |
| characterization of carnobacterium divergens strain 6251 isolated from intestine of arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.). | an atypical strain of carnobacterium divergens, strain 6251, was isolated from the small intestine of arctic charr (salvelinus alpinus l.), fed high dietary carbohydrate. this strain showed marked growth inhibitory effects in vitro against the fish pathogens aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (furunculosis), vibrio anguillarum (vibriosis) and vibrio viscocus (winter ulcer). the strain is a non-motile gram-positive psychrotrophic rod that lacks both catalase and oxidase, grows at ph 9.1 (ct ... | 2002 | 12086178 |
| antibacterial activity in four marine crustacean decapods. | a search for antibacterial activity in different body-parts of pandalus borealis (northern shrimp), pagurus bernhardus (hermit crab), hyas araneus (spider crab) and paralithodes camtschatica (king crab) was conducted. dried samples were extracted with 60% (v/v) acetonitrile, containing 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid, and further extracted and concentrated on c18 cartridges. eluates from the solid phase extraction were tested for antibacterial, lysozyme and haemolytic activity. antibacterial act ... | 2002 | 12194450 |
| cloning, characterisation and phylogenetic analysis of the fur gene in vibrio salmonicida and vibrio logei. | the gene encoding the ferric uptake regulator protein (fur gene) of vibrio salmonicida 87/09/1193 was located following hybridisation of an ecori digest of chromosomal v. salmonicida dna with a 316 base pairs (bp) probe internal to the fur gene of vibrio anguillarum. a 2088 bp fragment including an open reading frame of 441 bp, encoding a protein of 147 amino acids, and homologous with fur, was identified, cloned and sequenced. a plasmid bound v. salmonicida fur gene was found capable of complem ... | 2002 | 12383519 |
| susceptibility of three different strains of juvenile atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) cultured at two different temperatures to vibrio anguillarum and temperature effect on antibody response. | three geographically distinct-reared strains (canadian, icelandic, norwegian) of juvenile atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus l.) cultured at optimal and super-optimal growth temperatures (12 and 18 degrees c respectively), were challenged with a virulent isolate of vibrio anguillarum by injection. the halibut were injected intraperitoneally with 100 microl of the bacterial suspension (1 x 10(6) cells per fish). after challenge, temperature and strain-related differences in survival were ... | 2002 | 12400861 |
| antigen uptake and immunoglobulin production in atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) after intraperitoneal injection of vibrio anguillarum. | atlantic cod (gadus morhua l.) were injected intraperitoneally with formalin-killed vibrio anguillarum bacteria. immunostaining revealed uptake of v. anguillarum antigens especially in the spleen after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration. the uptake was time dependent in the interval 1-24 h. most of the antigen uptake in the spleen was concentrated in areas around small blood vessels, while immunoglobulin producing cells were localised to some thick walled arteries. there was apparently little ... | 2002 | 12400865 |
| evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria in turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | in the present work, the effects of several lactic acid bacteria on the immune response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) macrophages have been studied both in vitro and in vivo. out of six lactic acid bacterial strains tested, only heat-killed lactococcus lactis significantly increased the turbot head kidney macrophage chemiluminescent (cl) response after 24 h of incubation. nitric oxide (no) was also significantly enhanced by this bacterium after 72 h of incubation with either viable (10(3) and ... | 2002 | 12414767 |
| the roles of haemocytes and the lymphoid organ in the clearance of injected vibrio bacteria in penaeus monodon shrimp. | in order to study the reaction of penaeus monodon haemocytes, live vibrio anguillarum bacteria were injected and the shrimp were periodically sampled. immuno-double staining analysis with specific antisera against the haemocyte granules and bacteria showed that large numbers of haemocytes encapsulated the bacteria at the site of injection. a rapid decrease of live circulating bacteria was detected in the haemolymph. bacterial clearance in the haemolymph was induced by humoral factors, as observe ... | 2002 | 12443012 |
| vibrio anguillarum serogroup o3 and v. anguillarum-like serogroup o3 cross-reactive species--comparison and characterization. | forty-five vibrio anguillarum-like isolates reacting with v. anguillarum serogroup o3 antiserum were examined in 30 characters to clarify their phenotypical properties, while their genotype was examined by ribotyping. the strains were isolated from diseased and dead fish or from environmental sources such as water, sediment, plankton, and faeces and gills of healthy fish. phenotypically, the similarity of all the strains was more than 90%. however, significant differences between the fish-associ ... | 1997 | 12452596 |
| pathogenicity of vibrio anguillarum serogroup o1 strains compared to plasmids, outer membrane protein profiles and siderophore production. | the virulence of 18 strains of vibrio anguillarum serogroup o1 was compared to plasmid content, expression of siderophores and outer membrane proteins. all strains, irrespective of plasmid content, produced siderophores and inducible outer membrane proteins under iron-limited conditions. only strains that carried the 67 kbp virulence plasmid or derivatives of it produced the outer membrane protein, om2. all virulent strains harboured the 67 kbp plasmid or derivatives of it, indicating its import ... | 1997 | 12455901 |
| plasmid-mediated iron uptake and virulence in vibrio anguillarum. | the plasmid pjm1 of vibrio anguillarum harbors genes encoding proteins that enable the bacterial cell to survive under iron limiting conditions. a subset of these proteins are involved in the biosynthesis of the siderophore anguibactin and in the internalization of the ferric-siderophore into the cell cytosol. we have identified several genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthetases that catalyze the synthesis of anguibactin, these genes are: angb/g, angm, angn, angr, and angt. in addition, th ... | 2002 | 12460538 |
| elucidation of the vibrio anguillarum genetic response to the potential fish probiont pseudomonas fluorescens ah2, using rna-arbitrarily primed pcr. | the antagonistic interaction between a potential fish probiont, pseudomonas fluorescens strain ah2, and its target organism, vibrio anguillarum, was investigated by studying the genetic response of the target organism when it was exposed to the antagonist. we compared the differential display of arbitrarily pcr-amplified gene transcripts in v. anguillarum serotype o1 when it was exposed to ah2 supernatant with the display of transcripts in nonexposed control cultures. growth of v. anguillarum wa ... | 2003 | 12533458 |
| [production and detection of monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies against vibrio anguillarum]. | vibrio anguillarum is the pathogenic bacteria of vibriosis, which is an infectious disease found in various fish species. seven monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies(mab2) were raised against mab1 4a6. identification of subgroup showed that 1h5, 1d1, 2b12 and 2f12 belonged to igg2b, 2h12 and 1h12 to igg2a and 1e10 to igg3. the titers of these mab2 ascites were 1 x 10(-4)-1 x 10(-6). the capacity of the mab2 to inhibit the binding between mab1 and antigen was investigated with the competitive inhib ... | 2001 | 12552910 |
| [classification for one pathogenic vibrio anguillarum strain isolated from skin-ulcer flounder]. | a pathogenic bacterial strain m3 revealed gram negative rod shape, motile and translucent clone was studied. this bacterium was isolated from the skin-ulcer flounder in the fish farm of rongcheng city, shandong provice, and could not be identified by biolog id system. comparative 16s rdna sequence analyses revealed that strain m3 was most related to the genus of vibrio. the overall similarity value between strain m3 and vibrio species were 94% to 98%. phylogentic analysis showed that m3 strain e ... | 2002 | 12557364 |
| immunocompetence of juvenile chinook salmon against listonella anguillarum following dietary exposure to aroclor 1254. | controlled laboratory challenges with pathogenic listonella (formerly vibrio) anguillarum bacteria were used to examine potential effects of dietary exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) on the growth and immunocompetence of juvenile puget sound (wa, usa) chinook salmon (oncorhynchus tschawytscha). salmon were fed four levels of the pcb congener mixture aroclor 1254 for 28 d to bracket likely exposure to pcbs in the lower duwamish waterway near seattle, washington, usa. fish were transfer ... | 2003 | 12558159 |
| isolation of mutants of vibrio anguillarum defective in haeme utilisation and cloning of huva, a gene coding for an outer membrane protein involved in the use of haeme as iron source. | the isolation of vibrio anguillarum mutants lacking the ability to use haemin and haemoglobin as the only iron sources, as well as the identification of a gene involved in haeme utilisation are described. one of the isolated mutants defective in haeme utilisation lacked an iron-regulated outer membrane protein of 79-kda. although growth on haeme as iron source was completely abolished, the haemin and haemoglobin binding activities remained intact in the mutant, suggesting that the absent protein ... | 2003 | 12647036 |
| role for the major outer-membrane protein from vibrio anguillarum in bile resistance and biofilm formation. | vibrio anguillarum, a fish pathogen, produces a 38 kda major outer-membrane porin, which may be involved in environmental adaptation. the gene encoding the 38 kda porin was cloned and deleted. the deduced protein sequence was 75 % identical to that of the major outer-membrane protein (omp), ompu, from vibrio cholerae. lacz expression from an ompu : : lacz transcriptional gene fusion was increased 1.5-fold in the presence of bile salts and was decreased 50- to 100-fold in a toxr mutant compared t ... | 2003 | 12686648 |
| pharmacokinetics of flumequine and in vitro activity against bacterial pathogens of gilthead sea bream sparus aurata. | the present study investigated the kinetic profile of flumequine (flu) in gilthead sea bream sparus aurata (170 g) held at 19 degrees c and evaluated its in vitro efficacy against important bacterial diseases in mediterranean mariculture. following a single intravascular injection (10 mg kg(-1) fish), the distribution half-life (t1/2alpha) and the half-life of the terminal phase of elimination (t1/2gamma) of the drug were 0.2 and 30 h respectively. tissue penetration of flu was low, since both t ... | 2003 | 12718468 |
| identification of harman as the antibiotic compound produced by a tunicate-associated bacterium. | the alkaloid harman, previously reported from some marine invertebrates, was identified as the antibiotic substance of the tunicate-associated bacterium enterococcus faecium. it exhibited antibacterial activity (mic, 0.017 mm) against the ichthyopathogenic strain vibrio anguillarum. | 2003 | 12876652 |
| replacement of fish oil with sunflower oil in feeds for atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.): effect on growth performance, tissue fatty acid composition and disease resistance. | dietary sunflower oil (sfo) was used to gradually replace fish oil (fo) in six diets (which also contained fish meal) for atlantic salmon parr (initial mass: 21.7 g). the effect on growth performance, tissue fatty acid profiles and disease resistance was monitored after 63 days. at the conclusion of the trial, no significant differences were detected in growth between any of the feeds. fatty acid composition of whole carcass, dorsal muscle and liver generally reflected that of the diets. forty p ... | 2003 | 12892753 |
| a single-dose pharmacokinetic study of oxolinic acid and vetoquinol, an oxolinic acid ester, in cod, gadus morhua l., held in sea water at 8 degrees c and in vitro antibacterial activity of oxolinic acid against vibrio anguillarum strains isolated from diseased cod. | the pharmacokinetic properties of the antibacterial agent oxolinic acid and vetoquinol, the carbitol ester of oxolinic acid, were studied after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (p.o.) administration to 100-150 g cod, gadus morhua l., held in sea water at 8 degrees c. following i.v. injection, the plasma drug concentration-time profile showed two distinct phases. the distribution half-life (t1/2alpha) was estimated at 1.3 h, the elimination half-life (t1/2beta) as 84 h and the total body clearance (cl ... | 2003 | 12899409 |
| development of a pcr-based method for the detection of listonella anguillarum in fish tissues and blood samples. | a pcr assay for detection and identification of the fish pathogen listonella anguillarum was developed. primers amplifying a 519 bp internal fragment of the l. anguillarum rpon gene, which codes for the factor sigma54, were utilized. the detection limit of the pcr using l. anguillarum pure cultures was approximately 1 to 10 bacterial cells per reaction. for tissue or blood samples of infected turbot scophthalmus maximus, the detection limit was 10 to 100 l. anguillarum cells per reaction, which ... | 2003 | 12911058 |
| detection and analysis of iron uptake components expressed by acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. | the acinetobacter baumannii 19606 prototype strain produces a 78-kda iron-regulated outer membrane protein immunologically related to fata, which is required for iron acquisition by the fish pathogen vibrio anguillarum via the anguibactin-mediated system. this a. baumannii strain also secretes histamine, a biosynthetic precursor of the siderophore anguibactin. in contrast, the a. baumannii 8399 clinical strain isolated in oregon produces a siderophore and a putative 73-kda iron-regulated outer m ... | 2003 | 12958246 |
| characterization of vibrio strains isolated from turbot (scophthalmus maximus) culture by phenotypic analysis, ribotyping and 16s rrna gene sequence comparison. | the aim of the present study was to clarify the taxonomic status of vibrio strains isolated from an aquaculture system and to compare the results of the identifications made by phenotypic and molecular methods. | 2003 | 12969281 |