| relationship between bacille calmette-guérin vaccination, mantoux test positivity, and geohelminth infection. | to investigate the potential protective effects of bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccination scar and sensitization to tuberculin against geohelminth infections, we conducted a cross-sectional study among school age children in rural communities in pichincha province in ecuador where bcg vaccination is routinely given at birth. a total of 944 children aged 8-14 years were evaluated for the presence of bcg scars and sensitization to tuberculin, and underwent faecal examination for geohelminth par ... | 2003 | 15259485 |
| ac-saa-1, an immunodominant 16 kda surface-associated antigen of infective larvae and adults of ancylostoma caninum. | a cdna encoding a surface-associated antigen was cloned from an ancylostoma caninum infective larvae (l(3)) cdna library by immunoscreening with pooled human immune sera. the sera were obtained from individuals living in an ancylostoma duodenale hookworm-endemic region of china, who had light intensity infections and high antibody titers against a. caninum l(3). ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 is encoded by an 843 bp mrna with a predicted open reading frame of 162 amino acids. r ... | 2004 | 15313130 |
| do hookworms elicit protective immunity in man? | the two main species of human hookworm, ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus (table 1), are together believed to infect about 900 million people - mainly in tropical countries where adequate sanitary facilities may be lacking. but interactions between the two species, and their relative contributions to observed age-related infection patterns and seasonal cycles of transmission, continue to engender controversy. people tend to remain susceptible to infection through-out life, even with c ... | 1987 | 15462956 |
| an immunological and biochemical comparison of hookworm species. | the successful development of diagnostic tests capable of distinguishing human hookworm species will ultimately depend on an increase in our knowledge of their comparative biochemistry. here, david pritchard, paul mckean and gerry schad describe some aspects of the comparative biochemistry of necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale, and emphasize differences between the species that could form the basis of discriminatory diagnostic tests. | 1990 | 15463327 |
| infective larvae of the human hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale differ in their orientation behaviour when crawling on surfaces. | the infective third stage larvae of hookworms infect their hosts by active skin invasion, and they find and recognize their hosts by the behavioural phases of activation, directed crawling, and penetration. here we analyse the orientation of the infective larvae of the human hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale when crawling on surfaces. their behaviour differed from that of the larvae of the dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum, but the two species also differed from each other. n ... | 2004 | 15614586 |
| epidemiology of human ancylostomiasis among rural villagers in nanlin county (zhongzhou village), anhui province, china: ii. seroepidemiological studies of the age relationships of serum antibody levels and infection status. | anti-hookworm antibody serologic responses were measured in residents of an anhui provincial chinese village where ancylostoma duodenale is the predominant hookworm. antibody responses were measured against either soluble infective third-stage larval (l3) or adult antigens. immunoglobulins of the igg class, especially igg4 correlated with both the prevalence and intensity of a. duodenale hookworm infections. in contrast, there was an inverse correlation with igm, but no correlation with iga or i ... | 2000 | 11414422 |
| species-specific identification of human hookworms by pcr of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene. | significant differences in the life histories of the human hookworms ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus necessitate their differentiation for epidemiological studies and the design of control programs. current methods of identification require time-consuming, labor-intensive techniques. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method that enables rapid species identification is described. the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i genes of both species were sequenced, and species-specific p ... | 2001 | 11695411 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based differential diagnosis of ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus infections in humans in northern ghana. | we evaluated a two-step semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approach for the specific detection of ancylostoma duodenale dna in human faeces. the test was used to determine to what extent this species of hookworm is present in the regions of bolgatanga and garu of northern ghana. initially, the sensitivity and specificity of the pcr were tested using a range of well-defined control samples. subsequently, a total of 378 human faecal dna samples from bolgatanga and garu were subjecte ... | 2005 | 15941421 |
| long pcr-based amplification of the entire mitochondrial genome from single parasitic nematodes. | mitochondrial genome sequences provide useful markers for investigating population genetic structures because of their maternal inheritance and high evolutionary rates. there is, however, a paucity of information on mitochondrial genomes for many parasitic organisms, including nematodes, which appears to relate mainly to technical limitations and (for modestly funded laboratories) the cost associated with full mitochondrial genome sequencing. in this article, we describe a simple, relatively ine ... | 2002 | 12270267 |
| arsenic-contaminated water and extent of acute childhood malnutrition (wasting) in rural bangladesh. | to investigate whether children's nutritional status, especially the extent of wasting [acute malnutrition as measured by weight-for-height z (whz) score] is associated with arsenic contamination of drinking water, a survey was carried out in two discrete rural areas located less than 30 km southeast and northeast of dhaka, the capital of bangladesh. 761 children between 7 and 14 years of age were randomly selected, one child per household. the arsenic concentration in the tube well water used b ... | 2005 | 16308561 |
| pesticide and pathogen contamination of vegetables in ghana's urban markets. | the objective of the study was to determine and compare the current level of exposure of the ghanaian urban population to hazardous pesticide and fecal coliform contamination through the consumption of fresh vegetables produced in intensive urban and periurban smallholder agriculture with informal wastewater irrigation. a total of 180 vegetable samples (lettuce, cabbage, and spring onion) were randomly collected under normal purchase conditions from 9 major markets and 12 specialized selling poi ... | 2006 | 16328619 |
| intestinal parasitic infections among school children of the dhahira region of oman. | to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school children in dhahira region of oman. | 2006 | 16680250 |
| efficacy of mebendazole in treatment of selected parasitoses--a retrospective study. | the efficacy of mebendazole was evaluated as a result of six-year experience in the treatment of patients of outpatients clinic and clinic of infectious, parasitic and tropical diseases in lódź. the treatment covered 6132 subjects infected with: ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostoma duodenale, trichiuris trichiura, enterobius vermicularis and echinococcus granulosus. nematode infections were diagnosed by coproscopic methods whereas echinococcosis with serologic tests and ultrasonographic examination ... | 2000 | 16886363 |
| [epidemiological study on the hookworm infections in korea] | this study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of hookworm infections in korea from october 1976 through september 1978. the stool specimens of 5,632 persons(male 3,689: female 1,943) collected from primary and middle schools, foundling asylums, and the general populations of various parts in korea were examined the methods employed were brine floatation technique for the prevalence rate of hookworm infections, kato's cellophane thick smear technique for the other helminthic infections ... | 1978 | 12902770 |
| the reflection of control programs of parasitic diseases upon gastrointestinal helminthiasis in dakahlia governorate, egypt. | the study area included mansoura city as an urban area and gogar village as a rural area. one thousand individuals were randomly selected from each area. different methods of stool examination, perianal swab and urine examination of all participants revealed that the incidence in mansoura city was in a descending order heterophyes heterophyes 6.4%; enterobius vermicularis 3.9%; hymenienolepis nana 2.2%; schistosoma mansoni 0.5%; trichostrongylus colubriftormis; strongyloides stercoralis and fasc ... | 2006 | 16927862 |
| colitis due to ancylostoma duodenale. | the larva of hookworm matures into the adult stage in the small intestine, causing chronic intestinal blood loss and iron-deficiency anemia. hookworm infestation of colon has not been reported previously. we report a 35-year-old man who presented with diarrhea with blood and mucus in stools. colonoscopy revealed several hookworms in the colon firmly adherent to the mucosa, with oozing of blood and surrounding mucosal erosions. he was treated with mebendazole and symptoms recovered completely. | 2006 | 16974042 |
| some epidemiological aspects of intestinal parasites in women workers before going abroad. | a study was conducted in jakarta on 903 women workers before going abroad through stool examination by ritchie's technical method. of the women workers studied, 640 subjects (70.87%) were found to be infected with intestinal parasites either helminthes, protozoa or combination. out of those infected, 451 (70.47%) subjects were infected with intestinal helminthes, namely ascaris lumbricoides (38.13%), trichuris trichiura (28.13%), a combination of necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale (13. ... | 2006 | 17041558 |
| the anthelminthic effect of phenylene-diisothiocyanate-(1,4)(=jonit) on ancylostoma duodenale (dubin, 1843) creplin, 1845. | the anthelminthic effect of phenylene-diisothiocyanate-(1,4)(=jonit) was studied on the eighty three cases infected with ancylostoma duodenale. for the evalution, the number of eggs per gram of feces on all these cases was calculated before treatment. the follow-up for the egg reduction was carried out over a period of four weeks. the sixty-seven cases were treated in dosage schedule of 3 x 100 mg every 12 hours. the cure rates-the rate of negative conversion of eggs-was 74.6 percent and the tot ... | 1969 | 12913533 |
| parasites in patients with malabsorption syndrome: a clinical study in children and adults. | intestinal parasites not only cause diarrheal diseases but also significant malabsorption. literature on the role of parasites, such as intestinal coccidia and microsporidia in malabsorption syndrome is limited. | 2008 | 17763958 |
| arrested development in human hookworm infections: an adaptation to a seasonally unfavorable external environment. | contrary to general belief, larvae of ancylostoma duodenale do not always develop directly to adulthood upon invasion of man. in west bengal, india, arrested development appears to be a seasonal phenomenon which results in (i) reduction of egg output wasted in seeding an inhospitable environment and (ii) a marked increase in eggs entering the environment just before the monsoon begins. | 1973 | 17817813 |
| characterization of beta-tubulin genes in hookworms and investigation of resistance-associated mutations using real-time pcr. | human hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus) are a major cause of malnutrition and anemia, particularly in children, and high worm burdens can lead to stunted growth and mental retardation. mass drug administration (mda) with benzimidazole (bz) anthelmintics has the potential to greatly reduce morbidity and infection prevalence. however, such treatment strategies may apply significant selection pressure on resistance alleles. in several strongylid parasites of livestock, resistanc ... | 2007 | 17850900 |
| effects of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachlorethylene on the kidney and liver functions in patients with ancylostoma duodenale. | | 1965 | 14278216 |
| a cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitic infections in a rural district of west china. | parasitic infections are widespread in rural areas of west china. the remote and humid environment, traditional ways of life, contaminated potable water and limited health services all contribute to the transmission and persistence of fecal parasites. | 2003 | 18159450 |
| hookworm vaccines. | hookworm infection caused by the soil-transmitted nematodes necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide. although not directly responsible for substantial mortality, it causes significant morbidity in the form of chronic anemia and protein malnutrition. current global control efforts based on periodic mass anthelmintic administration are unsustainable, and new control strategies must be developed. this review describes progress in the dev ... | 2008 | 18171264 |
| application of in vitro anthelmintic sensitivity assays to canine parasitology: detecting resistance to pyrantel in ancylostoma caninum. | resistance of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum to anthelmintic therapy with pyrantel is an emerging problem in canine veterinary practice. detecting anthelmintic resistance in parasites of pets is problematic because traditional resistance-monitoring techniques used with livestock parasites, such as the faecal egg count reduction test, are often impractical for use in small animals. we used two field-collected isolates of a. caninum in an abbreviated critical trial to test their pyrantel ... | 2008 | 18242867 |
| controlling soil-transmitted helminthiasis in pre-school-age children through preventive chemotherapy. | pre-school age children account for 10%-20% of the 2 billion people worldwide who are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (sths): ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), trichuris trichiura (whipworm), and ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus (hookworms). through a systematic review of the published literature and using information collated at world health organization headquarters, this paper summarizes the available evidence to support the recommendation that pre-school children should be i ... | 2008 | 18365031 |
| evaluation of a rapid elisa technique for detection of circulating antigens of toxoplasma gondii. | to evaluate a modified rapid elisa method for detecting cag during toxoplasma gondii infection, we analyzed the specificity and sensitivity of the elisa method by using experimental toxoplasma infection in rabbits and also tested this method in human samples including 5428 serum, 548 cerebrospinal fluid and two breast milk samples. we prepared pcab, and used it for rapid one-step sandwich elisa testing in which an incubation time in the regular elisa procedure was omitted. this method detected c ... | 2008 | 18402600 |
| the complete mitochondrial genomes for three toxocara species of human and animal health significance. | studying mitochondrial (mt) genomics has important implications for various fundamental areas, including mt biochemistry, physiology and molecular biology. in addition, mt genome sequences have provided useful markers for investigating population genetic structures, systematics and phylogenetics of organisms. toxocara canis, toxocara cati and toxocara malaysiensis cause significant health problems in animals and humans. although they are of importance in human and animal health, no information o ... | 2008 | 18482460 |
| [tribendimidine enteric coated tablet in treatment of 1,292 cases with intestinal nematode infection--a phase iv clinical trial]. | to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of tribendimidine in treatment of adult patients with intestinal nematode infections. | 2008 | 18637576 |
| hookworm infections in american servicemen with reference to the establishment of ancylostoma duodenale in the southern united states. | | 1948 | 18920080 |
| [geographic distribution of ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus in taiwan]. | in order to determine the geographical distribution of ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus in taiwan, 2,759 fresh stool samples were collected from 5th-grade school children of both sexes among 43 preliminary schools in 16 counties, and then examined by means of the modified test-tube filter-paper cultivation method for identification of the filariform larvae of hookworm. both species of a. duodenale and n. americanus are widespread in taiwan. the overall infection rate was 20.00%. the ... | 1984 | 6510063 |
| studies on the co-occurrence of two species of human hookworm in a riverine community in nigeria. | a total of 1,623 stool specimens from different individuals were examined to assess the infection prevalence and the pattern of occurrence of necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale in a riverine community in nigeria. 56.3% of 823 males and 52.63% of 800 females were positive for both species of hookworm, 25.1% of infected males, and 26.1% of infected females had a. duodenale while 46.7% of infected males and 51.2% of infected females had n. americanus. 28.2% of males and 22.7% of females h ... | 1984 | 6710599 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in a rural population in egypt, and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics. | a cross-sectional study was conducted in a village in menoufia governorate, egypt where the majority of people had individual trenches in the houses for sewage disposal with absence of public sewage system. out of 2292 stool samples 47.8% had at least a single infection. multiple infections occurred in 14.9%. entamoeba histolytica was 20%, e. coli 10%, giardia lamblia 10%, ascaris lumbricoides 27.31%, hymenolepis nana 2.96%, schistosoma mansoni 2.45% and ancylostoma duodenale 2.23%. males were s ... | 2009 | 19621655 |
| hookworms and the species infecting man in zambia. | the rate of hookworm infections, determined by stool examination over a 7-month period, was 16.56% in medical examinees and 19.91% in in-patients in an urban hospital population in zambia. the egg-load though was low. culture of ova to the filariform larval stage, examination of adult worms expelled after anthelminthic treatment and collected at autopsy confirmed that the dominant species was necator americanus. however, we report, perhaps for the first time, the presence of ancylostoma duodenal ... | 1984 | 6716541 |
| nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among the mbyá-guaraní communities of misiones, argentina. | indigenous communities in argentina represent socially and economically neglected populations. they are living in extreme poverty and environmental degradation conditions. new information about health status and socio-environmental features is urgently needed to be applied in future sanitary policies. present study describes the nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among mbyá-guaraní children from three communities in the misiones province. anthropometric parameters we ... | 2010 | 19642206 |
| serum and plasma zinc, copper and iron concentrations in aboriginal communities of north western australia. | two aboriginal communities situated in the tropical north-west of the australian continent have been investigated in regard to trace metal status (zinc, copper, and iron) and other laboratory and epidemiological information. a total of 364 persons, ranging in age from 5 to 77 years were studied. the incidence of hypozincemia (serum or plasma zinc concentration less than 0.71 micrograms/ml) of the two communities when combined was 24.4%, while hypercupremia (defined as serum or plasma copper leve ... | 1980 | 7355773 |
| immunosuppression in nigerians with hookworm infection. | t rosette cells results in patients with (necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale) hookworm infection, divided into groups on the basis of the degree of anaemia (group i had marked anaemia hb 1-7, hypochromia ), group ii had moderate anaemia (hb 8-11, hypochromia ++) and group iii had no signs of anaemia despite the underlying hookworm infection), were compared with results in 28 healthy controls who had no signs of other infection and excreting no ova of hookworm or other parasites. the le ... | 1994 | 7604745 |
| necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale in guam, leyte, and okinawa, with a note on hookworm egg sizes. | | 1946 | 20277205 |
| intestinal parasites in children attending day care centers in jos, central nigeria. | it is estimated that 3 billion people world wide are infected with intestinal parasites. morbidity is highest amongst children; infestation causes a threat to the growth and development of the child. the study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthes in children attending day care centers in jos metropolis. | 2010 | 20642093 |
| [epidemiology of soil-transmitted nematode infections in central mountain area of hainan province]. | the epidemiology of soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes were observed in the central mountain area without anti-helminthic therapy from 1986 to 2008. the results showed that the overall prevalence decreased from 96.4% in 1986 to 35.7% in 2008. the prevalence of ancylostoma duodenale, ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura decreased from 84.7%. 80.9%, 31.8% in 1986 to 32.5%, 0.3%, 4.2% in 2008, respectively. the proportion of light infection with ancylostoma duodenale, ascaris lumbricoide ... | 2010 | 20666326 |
| identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor with two trypsin inhibitor-like domains from the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale. | protease inhibitors play important roles in the parasitic nematodes' survival within their host, in the development and reproduction of the parasites. the present study described the isolation, identification, and characterization of a novel member of the ascaris family of serine protease inhibitors, designated adutil-1, from the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale. adutil-1 is composed of a signal sequence and two trypsin inhibitor-like (til) domains, which showed the highest similarity with o ... | 2011 | 20852886 |
| detection of hookworm and hookworm-like larvae in human fecocultures in suriname. | estimation of the prevalence of hookworm infection is usually based on finding eggs of the parasite in the stool. eggs of the different hookworm species are difficult to distinguish and can be confused with those of hookworm-like species. proper identification can be made after hatching the eggs and cultivating larvae to the infective stage. we have used the harada-mori method to study the stools of bushnegroes in suriname and have identified the emerged larvae. of the 804 individuals examined, ... | 1994 | 7943579 |
| helminthic infections in school children in puducherry, south india. | intestinal parasites are widely prevalent in developing countries, probably due to poor sanitation and inadequate personal hygiene. it is estimated that as much as 60% of the world's population is infected with intestinal parasites, which may play a significant role in morbidity due to intestinal infections. this study was designed to estimate the prevalence of helminthic infections among school children in puducherry, south india. | 2010 | 21291851 |
| high throughput multiplex pcr and probe-based detection with luminex beads for seven intestinal parasites. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for intestinal parasites are increasingly being used on fecal dna samples for enhanced specificity and sensitivity of detection. comparison of these tests against microscopy and copro-antigen detection has been favorable, and substitution of pcr-based assays for the ova and parasite stool examination is a foreseeable goal for the near future. one challenge is the diverse list of protozoan and helminth parasites. several existing real-time pcr assays for the ... | 2011 | 21292910 |
| upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale)--a case report. | | 1993 | 8287823 |
| assessment of the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in school children in seven countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic. | the three major soil-transmitted helminths (sth) ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and necator americanus/ancylostoma duodenale are among the most widespread parasites worldwide. despite the global expansion of preventive anthelmintic treatment, standard operating procedures to monitor anthelmintic drug efficacy are lacking. the objective of this study, therefore, was to define the efficacy of a single 400 milligram dose of albendazole (alb) against these three sth using a standardized p ... | 2011 | 21468309 |
| proteomic analysis of secretory products from the model gastrointestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus reveals dominance of venom allergen-like (val) proteins. | the intestinal helminth parasite, heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri offers a tractable experimental model for human hookworm infections such as ancylostoma duodenale and veterinary parasites such as haemonchus contortus. parasite excretory-secretory (es) products represent the major focus for immunological and biochemical analyses, and contain immunomodulatory molecules responsible for nematode immune evasion. in a proteomic analysis of adult h. polygyrus secretions (termed hes) matched to an ext ... | 2011 | 21722761 |
| prevention of soil-transmitted helminth infection. | soil-transmitted helminths (sths) form one of the most important groups of infectious agents and are the cause of serious global health problems. the most important sths are roundworms (ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (necator americanus or ancylostoma duodenale); on a global level, more than a billion people have been infected by at least one species of this group of pathogens. this review explores the general concepts of transmission dynamics and the enviro ... | 2011 | 21731306 |
| Necator americanus and helminth co-infections: further down-modulation of hookworm-specific type 1 immune responses. | Helminth co-infection in humans is common in tropical regions of the world where transmission of soil-transmitted helminths such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale as well as other helminths such as Schistosoma mansoni often occur simultaneously. | 2011 | 21909439 |
| prevalence and types of coinfections in sleeping sickness patients in kenya (2000/2009). | the occurrence of coinfections in human african trypanosomiasis (hat) patients was investigated using a retrospective data of hospital records at the national sleeping sickness referral hospital in alupe, kenya. a total of 31 patients, 19 males and 12 females, were diagnosed with hat between the years 2000 and 2009. the observed co-infections included malaria (100%), helminthosis (64.5%), typhoid (22.5%), urinary tract infections (16.1%), hiv (12.9%), and tuberculosis (3.2%). the species of helm ... | 2011 | 21915184 |
| antifilarial igm versus igg antibody determination in the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection in egyptians. | circulating antifilarial igm and igg antibodies were assessed by indirect elisa in 184 serum specimens from 80 patients with clinically and parasitologically diagnosed filarial infections (20 with acute filariasis 40 with chronic filariasis & 20 asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects), 64 individuals with other parasitic infections, 20 parasitologically-free subjects from filariasis endemic areas and 20 normal healthy controls. a soluble surface membrane extract from dirofilaria immitis worms was ... | 1993 | 8482876 |
| infantile hookworm disease in china. a review. | hundreds of cases of infantile hookworm disease which shows bloody stools, melena, anorexia, listlessness and oedema, have been reported in china since the 1960s. hookworm eggs were detected in due course in the faeces of the reported cases. with the exception of a single worm identified as necator americanus, all the adult worms expelled following chemotherapy or examined at autopsy were ancylostoma duodenale. many children showed clinical manifestations and eggs in their faeces on day 1-26 aft ... | 1995 | 8533661 |
| enteric parasites in hiv-1/aids-infected patients from a northwestern são paulo reference unit in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. | we describe the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in patients from an aids reference service in northeastern são paulo, brazil. | 2011 | 22094707 |
| gastrointestinal parasites of captive and free-roaming primates at the afi mountain primate conservation area in calabar, nigeria and their zoonotic implications. | a study on the gastrointestinal parasites among free-living and captive primates at the afi mountain, primate conservation area in calabar, nigeria was undertaken for the first time to ascertain their zoonotic implications. faecal samples were subjected to direct smear, floatation, quantitative estimation of helminth eggs (epg) and oocysts (opg), larval isolation and identification by modified baerman's technique and oocyst sporulation for specie identification. out of the 108 primates examined, ... | 2011 | 22308652 |
| differentiation between the human hookworms ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus using pcr-rflp. | there are 2 major species of hookworms that infect humans. ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus. although traditionally considered to be identical for treatment purposes, there are significant life history differences between the species that must be considered for the rational design of chemotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic control strategies. however, identification of the species infecting a particular population has been problematic, as the eggs of the 2 species cannot be reliably ... | 1996 | 8691377 |
| gastrointestinal parasitic infection in diverse species of domestic ruminants inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern rajasthan, india. | a total of 415 adult domesticated ruminants, 130 cattle (bos taurus), 108 buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), 94 goats (capra hircus) and 83 sheep (ovis aries) inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern rajasthan, india were investigated for evidence of gastrointestinal protozoan and helminthic infections. in southern rajasthan humid ecosystem is predominant and has number of perennial freshwater bodies. fresh faecal samples of these animals were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline ... | 2012 | 24431582 |
| the prevalence of hookworm infection, iron deficiency and anaemia in an aboriginal community in north-west australia. | to determine the prevalence of hookworm infections, iron deficiency and anaemia in an aboriginal community in the north of western australia. | 1997 | 9076267 |
| endoscopic diagnosis of hookworm disease of the duodenum. | hookworm is one of the most common parasites in the world, but can be missed on stool examination. we report a 31-year-old man who was complaining of epigastric discomfort, with laboratory findings of iron-deficiency anemia and eosinophilia. he was found to be infected with hookworm (ancylostoma duodenale), which was directly detected and retrieved from the duodenum with biopsy forceps during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. we eliminated his infection successfully by the damaso de rivas-kihara ... | 1997 | 9077727 |
| hookworm control as a strategy to prevent iron deficiency. | the hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale infect approximately 1 billion people worldwide. the prevalence of hookworm infection increases with age in children, typically reaching a plateau in late adolescence, whereas the intensity of infection may continue to increase throughout adulthood. hookworms cause intestinal blood loss in amounts proportional to the number of adult worms in the gut. the relationship between hookworm infection intensity and hemoglobin concentration is ev ... | 1997 | 9279058 |
| specific amplification of necator americanus or ancylostoma duodenale dna by pcr using markers in its-1 rdna, and its implications. | necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale are the two most important species of human hookworm, and occur in sympatry over much of their distribution. the specific diagnosis of hookworm infections is central to control. diagnosis currently relies on the detection of hookworm eggs in human faeces and/or the specific identification of larvae by 'copro-culture' combined with microscopic examination. however, the eggs of the two species are morphologically indistinguishable, and the procedure of ... | 1998 | 9633041 |
| epidemiology of hookworm infection in itagua, paraguay: a cross sectional study. | a cross-sectional study in itagua, paraguay tested 192 people for the presence, intensity and species of hookworm infection. fifty-nine percent of these individuals were found to be infected. intensity of infection was determined on 92% of infected individuals by quantitative egg counts. the high intensity hookworm infections, which cause the greatest morbidity, were clustered between the ages of five and 14 years. no differences were seen between genders. the species of hookworm was determined ... | 1999 | 10464397 |
| identification of ancylostoma ceylanicum in children from a tribal community in tamil nadu, india using a semi-nested pcr-rflp tool. | it is generally assumed that hookworm infections in humans are caused by necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale. however, previous studies have also reported the presence of the animal hookworm a. ceylanicum in human stools. | 2015 | 25618132 |
| genetic characterization of selected parasites from people with histories of gastrointestinal disorders using a mutation scanning-coupled approach. | a sscp analysis and targeted sequencing approach was used for the genetic characterization of some major pathogens from a cohort of 227 people with histories of gastrointestinal disorders. genomic dnas from fecal samples were subjected to pcr-amplification of regions in the glycoprotein (gp60) or triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene, or the second internal transcribed spacer of nuclear ribosomal dna (its-2). cryptosporidium, giardia, and strongylid nematodes were detected in 94, 132 and 12 samp ... | 2013 | 23592267 |
| bacterial pore-forming proteins as anthelmintics. | crystal (cry) proteins are made by the gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). cry proteins are pore-forming proteins and are the most widely used biological insecticides in the world. our laboratory found some cry proteins are highly effective against a broad range of nematodes (roundworms). here, we discuss our results of cry protein activity against intestinal roundworms. both cry5b and cry21a have therapeutic activities against infections of the roundworm heligmosomoides polygyr ... | 2012 | 22562659 |
| blastocystis subtyping and its association with intestinal parasites in children from different geographical regions of colombia. | blastocystis is a common enteric protist colonizing probably more than 1 billion people with a large variety of non-human hosts. remarkable genetic diversity has been observed, leading to the subdivision of the genus into multiple subtypes (st), some of which are exclusively found in non-human hosts. the aim of this study was to determine the distribution of blastocystis sts/18s alleles in symptomatic (abdominal pain, anal pruritus, diarrhea, headache, nauseas and/or vomit) and asymptomatic chil ... | 2017 | 28222192 |
| detection and quantification of soil-transmitted helminths in environmental samples: a review of current state-of-the-art and future perspectives. | it is estimated that over a billion people are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (sths) globally with majority occurring in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. the roundworm (ascaris lumbricoides), whipworm (trichuris trichiura), and hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus) are the main species infecting people. these infections are mostly gained through exposure to faecally contaminated water, soil or contaminated food and with an increase in the risk of infect ... | 2017 | 28214519 |
| association of community sanitation usage with soil-transmitted helminth infections among school-aged children in amhara region, ethiopia. | globally, in 2010, approximately 1.5 billion people were infected with at least one species of soil-transmitted helminth (sth), ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, hookworm (ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus). infection occurs through ingestion or contact (hookworm) with eggs or larvae in the environment from fecal contamination. to control these infections, the world health organization recommends periodic mass treatment of at-risk populations with deworming drugs. prevention ... | 2017 | 28212668 |
| epidemiology of human ancylostomiasis among rural villagers in nanlin county (zhongzhou village), anhui province, china: age-associated prevalence, intensity and hookworm species identification. | hookworm infection has traditionally been highly endemic to anhui province, china. zhongzhou village in southwestern anhui was identified as an endemic focus of infection caused by the hookworm ancylostoma duodenale. this species was found to predominate over necator americanus in ratios ranging from 35:1 based on the recovery of third-stage infective larvae (l,) to 21:1 based on the recovery of adult hookworms after anthelmintic chemotherapy. the overall prevalence of ancylostoma infection in z ... | 1999 | 10928362 |
| necatoriasis: treatment and developmental therapeutics. | two hookworm parasites, necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale, infect approximately one billion people worldwide. these hookworms are one of the leading causes of iron-deficiency anaemia especially in children, resulting directly from intestinal capillary blood loss following the feeding activities of fourth-stage (l(4)) larva and adult worms. if ignored, human hookworm infections can retard growth and the intellectual development of children. another clinical manifestation often associat ... | 2000 | 11060728 |
| towards the eradication of hookworm in an isolated australian community. | hookworm (ancylostoma duodenale) and other enteric parasites such as giardia and hymenolepis are common in aboriginal communities in northem australia, and their presence is associated with iron deficiency, anaemia, and failure to thrive. we report the outcome of a sustained, community-based control programme that used regular albendazole in one isolated community. whereas hookworm has been effectively controlled by the programme, no sustained effect on the prevalence of giardia and hymenolepis ... | 2001 | 11253974 |
| ancylostoma duodenale infection: a study of serum immunoglobulin g4 response to the excretory secretory antigen of adult worm. | the serum anti-ancylostoma duodenale immunoglobulin (ig) g4 antibody response to fraction iii of the partially purified excretory secretory antigen of adult worm (ad iii esa) was studied. the work included 60 patients with a. duodenale infection (gi), 40 patients with other parasitic infections (gii) and 30 apparently healthy parasite-free controls (giii). level of serum specific igg4 was measured by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and compared with serum specific igg, igg 1, 2 & 3 su ... | 2005 | 15880990 |
| [harmony in oncogenesis based on the evidence of the cytoarjic function: microoncozoa and results 1944-2004]. | the importance of the external forms (images) to get the real ideas of any thing, as being the basis of human knowledge is discussed. if no image, the imagination gets up and hundred of creative ideas (good and wrong) arose. such happens in cancer research: too many theories and much darkness. then, i ask: why sponges, sharks and tortoises, e.g., have not change, nor mutate and neither transform in millions of years; meanwhile, cells of human breasts, lungs and prostate, e.g., can brake the rule ... | 2004 | 15997587 |
| hookworm infections in human and laboratory animals--differences and similarities in immune responses. | hookworm infection is one of the most important parasitic infections of humans. about 740 million people are infected with ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus in the tropics and subtropics. unlike most other human helminth infections, neither age nor exposure-related immunity develops in the majority of infected people. this review presents the contemporary knowledge concerning the immune response to this complex eukaryotic parasite, recent findings on the human cellular immune response ... | 2005 | 16913526 |
| improved pcr-based detection of soil transmitted helminth infections using a next-generation sequencing approach to assay design. | the soil transmitted helminths are a group of parasitic worms responsible for extensive morbidity in many of the world's most economically depressed locations. with growing emphasis on disease mapping and eradication, the availability of accurate and cost-effective diagnostic measures is of paramount importance to global control and elimination efforts. while real-time pcr-based molecular detection assays have shown great promise, to date, these assays have utilized sub-optimal targets. by perfo ... | 2016 | 27027771 |
| [geohelminths]. | millions of people in in rural areas and deprived tropical and subtropical regions are infected by soil-transmitted helminths: ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus), and strongyloides stercoralis. large migratory flows have made their worldwide distribution easier. besides being debilitating and producing a significant mortality, they cause high morbidity, leading to physical and intellectual impairment in millions of children who liv ... | 2017 | 26980233 |
| parasitic infections: is male and female difference for anemia and growth retardation evident? | parasitoses are the commonest health problem among school age clildren, which impair children's growth and development and causing anemia. to detect the role of parasitic infections and both anemia and growth affection, on one hand, and if so the common complications among males and females on the other hand, a cross sectional descriptive study was carried out among the outpatient attended the pediatrics clinic, al-fayoum university's hospitals. a total of 314 children aged from 1 to 13 years we ... | 2015 | 26939224 |
| differential diagnosis of trichostrongylus and hookworm eggs via pcr using its-1 sequence. | trichostrongylus eggs observed in cellophane-thick smears are difficult, in practice, to distinguish from hookworm eggs. in order to overcome these limitations, a molecular approach was conducted. a trichostrongylus colubriformis adult worm was obtained from a human in laos, which was identified morphologically. its-1 sequence of this worm was determined, and found to be most similar with that of t. colubriformis among the trichostrongylus spp. reported so far. then, this sequence was compared w ... | 2007 | 17374982 |
| simultaneous detection and quantification of ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, and oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples using multiplex real-time pcr. | a multiplex real-time pcr was developed and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, and oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples. using well-defined control samples (n = 150), known positive fecal samples (n = 50), and fecal samples from an area in ghana where human infections with all 3 nematode species are endemic (n = 339), the method proved to be highly specific and sensitive. cycle threshold (ct) values, reflecting parasite-specific dna load, ... | 2007 | 17978072 |
| spatial heterogeneity of parasite co-infection: determinants and geostatistical prediction at regional scales. | multiple parasite infections are widespread in the developing world and understanding their geographical distribution is important for spatial targeting of differing intervention packages. we investigated the spatial epidemiology of mono- and co-infection with helminth parasites in east africa and developed a geostatistical model to predict infection risk. the data used for the analysis were taken from standardised school surveys of schistosoma mansoni and hookworm (ancylostoma duodenale/necator ... | 2009 | 19073189 |
| an anticoagulant peptide from the human hookworm, ancylostoma duodenale that inhibits coagulation factors xa and xia. | a full-length cdna encoding an anticoagulant peptide, named adunap4, was cloned and identified from the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale. adunap4 has 104 amino acids including a predicted 23-residue signal peptide and shows <or= 50% similarity with other known nematode anticoagulant protein/peptide (nap). adunap4 is extremely efficient at prolonging the activated partial thromboplastin time, and is an inhibitor of both fxa (k(i)=7.34+/-1.74 nm) and fxia (k(i)=42.45+/-3.25 nm). no fxia inhibi ... | 2009 | 19446556 |
| comparison of magnified endoscopic images of ancylostoma duodenale(hookworm) and anisakis simplex. | | 2009 | 19637119 |
| development and evaluation of a loop mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) technique for the detection of hookworm (necator americanus) infection in fecal samples. | hookworm infection is a major concern in sub-saharan africa, particularly in children and pregnant women. necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale are responsible for this condition. hookworm disease is one of the neglected tropical diseases (ntds) that are targeted for elimination through global mass chemotherapy. to support this there is a need for reliable diagnostic tools. the conventional diagnostic test, kato-katz that is based on microscopic detection of parasite ova in faecal samples ... | 2015 | 26546069 |
| identification of human intestinal parasites affecting an asymptomatic peri-urban argentinian population using multi-parallel quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. | in resource-limited countries, stool microscopy is the diagnostic test of choice for intestinal parasites (soil-transmitted helminths and/or intestinal protozoa). however, sensitivity and specificity is low. improved diagnosis of intestinal parasites is especially important for accurate measurements of prevalence and intensity of infections in endemic areas. | 2015 | 26183074 |
| soil-transmitted helminths in southwestern china: a cross-sectional study of links to cognitive ability, nutrition, and school performance among children. | empirical evidence suggests that the prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infections in remote and poor rural areas is still high among children, the most vulnerable to infection. there is concern that sth infections may detrimentally affect children's healthy development, including their cognitive ability, nutritional status, and school performance. medical studies have not yet identified the exact nature of the impact sth infections have on children. the objective of this study is to ... | 2015 | 26110518 |
| [a case of ancylostoma duodenale infection in rectum detected by colonoscopy]. | | 2015 | 26080535 |
| infection with soil-transmitted helminths is associated with increased insulin sensitivity. | given that helminth infections have been shown to improve insulin sensitivity in animal studies, which may be explained by beneficial effects on energy balance or by a shift in the immune system to an anti-inflammatory profile, we investigated whether soil-transmitted helminth (sth)-infected subjects are more insulin sensitive than sth-uninfected subjects. | 2015 | 26061042 |
| intestinal parasites of children and adults in a remote aboriginal community of the northern territory, australia, 1994-1996. | parasitic infections can adversely impact health, nutritional status and educational attainment. this study investigated hookworm and other intestinal parasites in an aboriginal community in australia from 1994 to 1996. | 2017 | 25960921 |
| heavy metals and parasitic geohelminths toxicity among geophagous pregnant women: a case study of nakuru municipality, kenya. | geophagia is defined as deliberate consumption of earths' materials, e.g. soil, clay and soft stones. the practice is widespread among pregnant women, and there are conflicting views as to whether it is beneficial to health or not. geophagic materials may be a source of micronutrients though the materials may bind the micronutrients thus reducing or hindering their bioavailability in the body. geophagia is closely associated with geohelminthic infections among pregnant women and heavy metal pois ... | 2016 | 25750054 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasites and its impact on nutritional status among preschool children living in damanhur city, el-behera governorate, egypt. | this cross sectional study was done in damanhur city, the capital of el-behera governorate to detect the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection among preschool aged children and to find out its effect on their nutritional status. five-hundreds children aged between 2-6 years were enrolled; a detailed questionnaire, complete clinical and anthropometric assessment as well as complete stool analysis and blood picture were done. the study revealed that 51.8% preschool children were infected; c ... | 2014 | 25597166 |
| an unusual cause of chronic diarrhoea. | we report a patient presenting with chronic diarrhoea of unidentified etiology. laboratory results showed microcytic anemia, peripheral eosinophilia with negative results of stool sample smears and stool concentration technique. ancylostoma duodenale was found in the caecum and terminal ileum during colonoscopy. the patient was treated with a 3-day course of 400 mg albendazole and iron supplement. the diarrhoea disappeared shortly after treatment. physicians particularly in tropical areas should ... | 2014 | 24862060 |
| overt small-intestine bleeding caused by ancylostoma duodenale. | | 2014 | 24745772 |
| water, sanitation, hygiene, and soil-transmitted helminth infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | preventive chemotherapy represents a powerful but short-term control strategy for soil-transmitted helminthiasis. since humans are often re-infected rapidly, long-term solutions require improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (wash). the purpose of this study was to quantitatively summarize the relationship between wash access or practices and soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infection. | 2014 | 24667810 |
| prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among kigali institute of education students in kigali, rwanda. | intestinal parasitic infections (ipis) are a significant public health problem in sub- saharan africa (ssa) and rwanda is not spared. while eradication programs towards preschool-aged and school-aged children are undertaken, important gaps regarding ipis among students attending tertiary learning institutions remain. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ipis and associated risk factors among kigali institute of education (kie) students who attended its medical clinic for stoo ... | 2013 | 24522143 |
| current status of human hookworm infections, ascariasis, trichuriasis, schistosomiasis mekongi and other trematodiases in lao people's democratic republic. | soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infections, and schistosomiasis and other trematodiases often have a high prevalence in developing countries. here, we present updated information on the prevalence of these parasites in the lao people's democratic republic (lao pdr) in 2012, arising from the annual national helminthiasis survey. fecal specimens were collected from 8,610 inhabitants of 12 provinces and one municipality (bokeo, houaphan, luang namtha, luang prabang, oudomxay, and phongsaly province ... | 2014 | 24515942 |
| prevalence and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminth infection in nepal. | the purpose of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and intensity and examine the risk factors of soil transmitted helminth (sth; i.e., roundworm [ascaris lumbricoides], hookworms [ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus], and whipworm [trichuris trichiura]) infections in nepal. | 2014 | 24488979 |
| [a case of lung paragonimiasis superinfection with hookworm presenting difficulty in discrimination]. | a 40-year-old woman, who was born in thailand and moved to japan 20 years previously, was admitted to our university hospital because of eosinophilia and abnormal chest radiography findings over a 6-month period. the chest ct showed multiple cavitary nodules in the subpleural area and a tubular structure that extended from each cavity to the pleura. immunological examination revealed an elevation of antibody titers against ancylostoma duodenale, paragonimiasis miyazakii and paragonimiasis wester ... | 2013 | 24483024 |
| helminths and human ancestral immune ecology: what is the evidence for high helminth loads among foragers? | recent theories of human immune ecology have invoked high helminth loads as an important selection factor among early humans. however, few studies have assessed this assumption among extant human foragers. | 2014 | 24469911 |
| systems metabolic effects of a necator americanus infection in syrian hamster. | hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus) are blood-feeding intestinal nematodes that infect approximately 700 million people worldwide. to further our understanding of the systems metabolic response of the mammalian host to hookworm infection, we employed a metabolic profiling strategy involving the combination of (1)h nmr spectroscopic analysis of urine and serum and multivariate data analysis techniques to investigate the biochemical consequences of a n. americanus infection in ... | 2009 | 19810771 |
| behavioural strategies used by the hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale to find, recognize and invade the human host. | the infective third-stage larvae of the hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale infect their human hosts by active skin invasion, but a. duodenale is in addition capable of oral infection. the behaviour of the larvae when crawling on surfaces has already been described. here we analyse in various in vitro systems the other behavioural invasion phases: activation, penetration, and orientation within the host. the larvae normally remained in a motionless, energy-saving, resting post ... | 2004 | 15614587 |
| [two cases of ancylostoma duodenale infection complicated with gastro-duodenal ulcer]. | | 2009 | 20066979 |