| [the ixodes tick fauna in orenburg region]. | a total of 2665 ticks were collected in 26 administrative districts of the orenburg region, which belonged to 4 genera and 5 species. the proportions of the species dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulates, hyalomma detrium, rhipicephalus rossicus, and ixodes persulcatus were 60.8, 21.6, 15.6, 1, and 1%, respectively. information is given on the species-specific composition and biodiversity of ixodidae in different landscape and geographical zones. | 2010 | 20361636 |
| canine vector-borne diseases in india: a review of the literature and identification of existing knowledge gaps. | abstract: despite the combination of favourable climate for parasites and vectors, and large populations of stray dogs, information concerning the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of canine vector-borne diseases in india is limited. however, with the country's expanding economy and adaptation to western culture, higher expectations and demands are being placed on veterinary surgeons for improved knowledge of diseases and control. this review aims to provide an overview of the current state ... | 2010 | 20377862 |
| genetic characterization of ticks from southwestern romania by sequences of mitochondrial cox1 and nad5 genes. | in the present study, samples representing three hard tick species and one soft tick species, namely dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis punctata, ixodes ricinus and argas persicus from southwestern romania, and one hard tick, haemaphysalis longicornis, from china were characterized genetically by a portion of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (pcox1) and a portion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 5 gene (pnad5). the pcox1 and pnad5 were amplified sepa ... | 2010 | 20473707 |
| [abundance of ixodid ticks (ixodidae) in pastures situated near villages of east kazakhstan province]. | abudance of adult ixodid ticks on pastures situated near villages of east kazakhstan province has been festinated using the method or exhaustive capture. the number of adult ticks collected by flagging in the pastures with different ecological conditions varied in spring and autumm periods from 513 to 1036 per hectare. dermacentor marginatus was found to be absolutely dominating species; d. reticulatus showed small abundance; ixodes pavlovskyi, i. persulcatus and haemaphysalis concinna occurred ... | 2010 | 20536009 |
| prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in ticks in sicily. | the prevalence of anaplasma, ehrlichia, rickettsia and babesia/theileria species was analysed in questing and feeding adult ticks in sicily. a total of 678 ticks were collected and analysed in this study. of these, 29 were questing ticks and 649 were collected from infested cattle, sheep, goats or dogs. tick species analysed included rhipicephalus bursa, r. turanicus, r. sanguineus, hyalomma lusitanicum, h. marginatum, dermacentor marginatus, ixodes ricinus, r. (boophilus) annulatus and haemaphy ... | 2010 | 20537102 |
| niaid workshop on flavivirus immunity. | on september 16, 2009, the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases (niaid), part of the u.s. national institutes of health, convened a workshop to discuss current knowledge of t- and b-cell immune epitopes for members of the flavivirus genus (family flaviviridae), and how this information could be used to increase our basic understanding of host-pathogen interactions and/or advance the development of new or improved vaccines and diagnostics for these pathogens. b-cell and t-cell re ... | 2010 | 20565288 |
| transmission of rickettsia sp. dms1 in the tick, dermacentor marginatus. | | 2009 | 20584168 |
| ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting humans in tokat province of turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. | ixodid ticks (acari: ixodidae) are the major vectors of pathogens threatening animal and human health. tokat province, turkey, is a suitable habitat for extended tick activity with its moderate climate and vegetation. in the present study, we surveyed humans visiting health centers to determine the species diversity, geographical distribution, and seasonal activity of ixodid ticks infesting them. out of 5,999 adult ticks collected from humans from april to september, 2008, 800 ticks were identif ... | 2010 | 20618665 |
| prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ticks from southern korea. | the prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in southern korea was determined by collecting ticks using tick drags. a total of 4,077 of 6,788 ticks collected were pooled (649 pools) according to collection site, species, and developmental stage and assayed for tbev. the tbev protein e and ns5 gene fragments were detected using rt-nested pcr in six pools of nymphs collected from jeju island (2,491 ticks). the minimum field detection rates for tbev were 0.17% and 0.14% for haemaphysalis ... | 2010 | 20706026 |
| ticks infesting the endangered italian hare (lepus corsicanus) and their habitat in an ecological park in southern italy. | the italian hare (lepus corsicanus) is an endangered species whose natural populations have decreased in recent years. this study's objective was to identify ticks infesting hares and their habitats in a wildlife reserve in southern italy. in june 2009, ticks were collected by dragging in three transects set in a meadow habitat within an enclosure inhabited by hares and in three similar transects outside this enclosure. fifty-five ticks were collected by dragging, being 54 inside and 1 outside t ... | 2011 | 20711803 |
| tick-borne rickettsioses, neglected emerging diseases in rural senegal. | rickettsioses are one of the most important causes of systemic febrile illness among travelers from developed countries, but little is known about their incidence in indigenous populations, especially in west africa. | 2010 | 20856858 |
| pathogens and symbionts in ticks: a survey on tick species distribution and presence of tick-transmitted micro-organisms in sardinia, italy. | a total of 1485 adult ticks were collected from mammalian hosts in south-eastern sardinia, italy, during the years 2007-2008. ticks were identified and tested by pcr analysis for presence of rickettsia species of the spotted fever group, ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, bartonella species and leishmania species. among all tick species examined (rhipicephalus sanguineus, rhipicephalus turanicus, rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus pusillus, hyalomma marginatum margina ... | 2010 | 20884769 |
| tick infestation (acari: ixodidae) in roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from northwestern spain: population dynamics and risk stratification. | during the 2007 and 2008 hunting seasons (april-october) the skin of 367 roe deer (capreolus capreolus l.), hunted in different preserves from galicia (northwestern spain), were examined for ticks (acari: ixodidae). the overall prevalence of infestation by ticks was 83.1%. the predominant species was ixodes ricinus (83.1%), whereas a single dermacentor marginatus specimen appeared in one roe deer. all developmental stages of i. ricinus were found parasitizing roe deer, the adults being the most ... | 2010 | 20963472 |
| ixodid ticks in bosnia and herzegovina. | ticks of the ixodidae family represent an enormous threat to human and animal health. from january to december 2004, a total of 10,050 ixodid ticks were collected from 26 areas in bosnia and herzegovina and determined to the species level. ticks were collected from dogs, sheep, cows, goats, rodents, humans and plants. ixodes ricinus was the most prevalent species, followed by dermacentor marginatus marginatus, rhipicephalus bursa, hyalomma marginatum marginatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus, haemaph ... | 2010 | 20967487 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever in european part of turkey: genetic analysis of the virus strains from ticks and a seroepidemiological study in humans. | abstract a survey of ticks from domestic ruminants, together with a serosurvey in humans was conducted in thrace (northwestern turkey) to evaluate the prevalence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) in ticks and humans. more prevalent ticks were hyalomma marginatum, hyalomma aegyptium, rhipicephalus bursa, and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus, with low numbers of dermacentor marginatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus group, and ixodes ricinus. no differences in the tick faunal compositi ... | 2010 | 21028961 |
| fatal bovine anaplasmosis in a herd with new genotypes of anaplasma marginale, anaplasma ovis and concurrent haemoplasmosis. | haematological and molecular analysis of blood samples was carried out during an outbreak of bovine anaplasmosis in hungary. acute disease was observed in five animals, two of which died. anaplasma-carrier state was diagnosed in 69 (92%) of cattle. further evaluation of 24 blood samples revealed concurrent infections with mycoplasma wenyonii and 'candidatusm. haemobos' in 22 and 21 animals, respectively. in addition, two cows were identified with rickettsaemia. regarding molecular investigation ... | 2010 | 21094505 |
| prevalence of ixodid ticks on cattle and sheep southeast of iran. | a survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence of hard tick species (acari: ixodidae) on cattle and sheep southeast of iran. a total of 972 ticks were collected from 280 infested cattle and 1,207 ticks were collected from 632 infested sheep during activating seasons of ticks in 2008-2009. the species collected from cattle were hyalomma marginatum marginatum (50.92%), hyalomma anatolicum excavatum (25.61%), hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum (8.12%), hyalomma asiaticum asiaticum (1.85%), and ... | 2010 | 21113660 |
| first detection of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in serbia. | ticks can transmit multiple pathogenic bacteria responsible for diseases in animals and humans such as borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and spotted fever group rickettsia sp. the current study aimed to investigate the presence of rickettsiae in ticks collected from seven localities in serbia. one hundred thirty-one (131) questing ticks belonging to 5 tick species (dermacentor marginatus, dermacentor reticulatus, haemaphysalis punctata, haemaphysalis concinna, and ixode ... | 2010 | 21142961 |
| coxiella burnetii and coinfections in ixodes ricinus ticks in central germany. | abstract a total of 1000 ixodes ricinus ticks were collected in 2006 and 2007 in a forest region of central germany and investigated for coxiella burnetii. the transposase element is1111 and isocitrate dehydrogenase gene were targets of the real-time polymerase chain reaction. the pathogen was detected in 19 ticks (1.9%), and interestingly, in 10 of these samples, coinfections with borrelia spp., spotted fever group rickettsiae, or babesia spp. were present. our study reports on c. burnetii infe ... | 2010 | 21142964 |
| first survey on hard ticks (ixodidae) collected from humans in romania: possible risks for tick-borne diseases. | the importance of studies on the diversity of ticks attacking humans resides mostly in the relatively highly-specific tick-pathogen associations. human tick bites are commonly reported worldwide but removal of ticks from patients is rarely followed by specific identification of the ticks, leaving to some degree of hazard the preventive treatment of possible associated diseases. a total number of 308 ticks were collected between april and june 2010 from 275 human patients who voluntarily presente ... | 2010 | 21161719 |
| hemelipoglycoprotein from the ornate sheep tick, dermacentor marginatus: structural and functional characterization. | tick carrier proteins are able to bind, transport, and store host-blood heme, and thus they function also as antioxidants. nevertheless, the role of carrier proteins in ticks is not fully understood. some of them are found also in tick males which do not feed on hosts to such an extent such as females (there are differences in male feeding in different tick species) and thus they are not dealing with such an excess of heme; some of the carrier proteins were found in salivary glands where the pro ... | 2011 | 21214898 |
| growth of coxiella burnetii in the ixodes scapularis-derived ide8 tick cell line. | q fever, a zoonotic disease, is caused by a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, coxiella burnetii. although normally transmitted during exposure to infectious aerosols, c. burnetii is also found in arthropod vectors. in the environment, ticks are thought to play a crucial role in bacterial maintenance and transmission by infecting various mammalian species. however, the nature of the pathogen-tick relationship is not well defined. to determine c. burnetii's interactions with a cultured tick c ... | 2011 | 21254834 |
| rickettsia aeschlimannii in hyalomma marginatum ticks, germany. | | 2011 | 21291625 |
| rna interference in ticks. | ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals and humans, and are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases(1) and the most important vectors affecting cattle industry worldwide(2). ticks are classified in the subclass acari, order parasitiformes, suborder ixodida and are distributed worldwide from arctic to tropical regions(3). despite efforts to control tick infestations, these ectoparasites remain a serious problem for human and ... | 2011 | 21304465 |
| differences in questing tick species distribution between atlantic and continental climate regions in spain. | climate and vegetation in spain vary from north to south, affecting tick distribution and consequently the presence of tick-borne diseases. the aim of this study was to investigate throughout a 2-yr study the distribution of the different exophilic questing tick species present in 18 areas: eight located in central and 10 in northern spain. the same methodology was used in both areas, sampling vegetation on a monthly basis by blanket dragging for 20- to 30-min intervals. a total of 12 species be ... | 2011 | 21337943 |
| species diversity of ixodid ticks feeding on humans in amasya, turkey: seasonal abundance and presence of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus. | ticks (acari:ixodidae) are important pests transmitting tick-borne diseases such as crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) to humans. between 2002 and 2009, numerous cchf cases were reported in turkey, including amasya province. in the current study, species diversity, seasonal abundance of ticks, and presence of cchf virus (cchfv) in ticks infesting humans in several districts of amasya province were determined. in the survey, a total of 2,528 ixodid ticks were collected from humans with tick b ... | 2011 | 21337953 |
| the hard-tick fauna of mainland portugal (acari: ixodidae): an update on geographical distribution and known associations with hosts and pathogens. | this work is an updated revision of the available information on portuguese ixodid tick species. it includes data on tick biology, ecology, taxonomy and host/pathogen-associations. the current list of portuguese ixodid ticks comprises twenty species: dermacentor marginatus (sulzer, 1776), dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius, 1794), haemaphysalis hispanica gil collado, 1938, haemaphysalis inermis birula, 1895, haemaphysalis punctata canestrini & fanzago, 1878, hyalomma lusitanicum koch, 1844, hyal ... | 2011 | 21452063 |
| tick-borne encephalitis virus in dogs - is this an issue? | abstract: the last review on tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) in dogs was published almost ten years ago. since then, this zoonotic tick-borne arbovirus has been geographically spreading and emerging in many regions in eurasia and continues to do so. dogs become readily infected with tbe virus but they are accidental hosts not capable to further spread the virus. they seroconvert upon infection but they seem to be much more resistant to the clinical disease than humans. apart from their use as sent ... | 2011 | 21489255 |
| functional characterization of two defensin isoforms of the hard tick ixodes ricinus. | abstract: | 2011 | 21504572 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks, germany. | to explore increased risk for human rickettsia spp. infection in germany, we investigated recreational areas and renatured brown coal surface-mining sites (also used for recreation) for the presence of spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks. r. raoultii (56.7%), r. slovaca (13.3%), and r. helvetica (>13.4%) were detected in the respective tick species. | 2011 | 21529404 |
| genetic characterization of west nile virus lineage 2, greece, 2010. | we conducted a complete genome analysis of a west nile virus detected in culex pipiens mosquitoes during a severe outbreak of human west nile disease in greece 2010. the virus showed closest genetic relationship to the lineage 2 strain that emerged in hungary in 2004; increased virulence may be associated with amino acid substitution h249p. | 2011 | 21529413 |
| tick-borne lymphadenopathy (tibola) acquired in southwestern germany. | tick-borne lymphadenopathy (tibola) was first described in 1997 in a patient in france. the causative agent, rickettsia slovaca, is transmitted by dermacentor ticks. | 2011 | 21663601 |
| detection of coxiella burnetii in complex matrices by using multiplex qpcr during a major q fever outbreak in the netherlands. | q fever, caused by coxiella burnetii, is a zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. a large rural area in the southeast of the netherlands was heavily affected by q fever between 2007 and 2009. this initiated the development of a robust and internally controlled multiplex qpcr assay for detection of c. burnetii dna in veterinary and environmental matrices on suspected q fever affected farms. the qpcr detects three c. burnetii targets (icd, com1 & is1111), and one bacillus thuringiensis internal c ... | 2011 | 21784920 |
| crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever: a molecular survey on hard ticks (ixodidae) in yazd province, iran. | to determine the rate of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) infection in hard ticks (ixodidae) in yazd province of iran. | 2011 | 21771418 |
| fibrinogen-related proteins in ixodid ticks. | fibrinogen-related proteins with lectin activity are believed to be part of the tick innate immune system. several fibrinogen-related proteins have been described and characterised mainly on the basis of their cdna sequences while direct biochemical evidence is missing. one of them, the haemolymph lectin dorin m from the tick ornithodoros moubata was isolated and characterised in more depth. | 2011 | 21729260 |
| toward an understanding of the perpetuation of the agent of tularemia. | the epidemiology of tularemia has influenced, perhaps incorrectly skewed, our views on the ecology of the agent of tularemia. in particular, the central role of lagomorphs needs to be reexamined. diverse observations, some incidental, and some that are more generally reproducible, have not been synthesized so that the critical elements of the perpetuation of francisella tularensis can be identified. developing a quantitative model of the basic reproduction number of f. tularensis may require sep ... | 2011 | 21687803 |
| ixodid ticks of road-killed wildlife species in southern italy: new tick-host associations and locality records. | the present study aimed to identify ticks collected from road-killed wildlife species retrieved in several localities of southern italy and to assess the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum and rickettsia spp. dna in ticks. collections were carried out from january 2000 to december 2009 on wild animals found dead within the territories of 11 municipalities from three regions (i.e., apulia, basilicata, and calabria). in total, 189 carcasses of wild animals belon ... | 2011 | 21728058 |
| detection of new francisella-like tick endosymbionts in hyalomma spp. and rhipicephalus spp. (acari: ixodidae) from bulgaria. | we report on the identification of two new francisella-like endosymbionts (fles) found in three different tick species from bulgaria. the fles were characterized by 16s rrna and tul4 gene sequencing and seem to lack the molecular marker rd1. these two new taxa seem to be facultative secondary endosymbionts of ticks. | 2011 | 21705542 |
| prevalence of coxiella burnetii and rickettsia spp. in ticks and rodents in southern germany. | coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of q fever, and rickettsia spp. are bacterial pathogens that can be transmitted by ticks of the genus dermacentor (i.e., dermacentor marginatus and d. reticulatus). in germany, the occurrence of these ticks is currently limited to few areas. however, due to increasing temperatures, these vectors will likely extend their distribution in the future, and c. burnetii and rickettsia spp. might spread with them. to assess the prospective risk of human infections ... | 2010 | 21771522 |
| Phylogeography of Francisella tularensis subspecies holarctica from the country of Georgia. | Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, displays subspecies-specific differences in virulence, geographic distribution, and genetic diversity. F. tularensis subsp. holarctica is widely distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere. In Europe, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates have largely been assigned to two phylogenetic groups that have specific geographic distributions. Most isolates from Western Europe are assigned to the B.Br.FTNF002-00 group, whereas most isolates ... | 2011 | 21682874 |
| coinfections of rickettsia slovaca and rickettsia helvetica with borrelia lusitaniae in ticks collected in a safari park, portugal. | borrelia and rickettsia bacteria are the most important tick-borne agents causing disease in portugal. identification and characterization of these circulating agents, mainly in recreational areas, is crucial for the development of preventive measures in response to the gradually increasing exposure of humans to tick vectors. a total of 677 questing ticks including dermacentor marginatus, rhipicephalus sanguineus, ixodes ricinus, hyalomma lusitanicum, h. marginatum, and haemaphysalis punctata we ... | 2010 | 21771525 |
| Species distribution and detection of Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in field-collected ticks in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. | Ticks may act as vectors for a number of infectious diseases including Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). The causative agent is Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV), a member of Bunyaviridae, causing extensive ecchymosis, visceral bleeding and hepatic dysfunction with a high fatality rate in the affected individuals. CCHF was initially recognized in Turkey in 2002 and the current number of reported cases exceeds 4,400. This study was conducted to confirm the presence of tick speci ... | 2012 | 21910017 |
| prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods on wild animals and cattle in the las merindades area (burgos, spain). | this paper reports the prevalence of ectoparasitic arthropods in sampled groups of wild (n = 128; 16 species) and domestic (n = 69; 3 species) animals in the las merindades area of the province of burgos, spain. the study revealed that wild animals were more infested and with a wider variety of ectoparasites than domestic animals. the parasitic prevalence was 67% for wild animals and 48% for livestock. in this way, 39% of animals were infected by ticks. ixodes ricinus and ixodes hexagonus were t ... | 2011 | 21894267 |
| Hard ticks (Ixodidae) in Romania: surveillance, host associations, and possible risks for tick-borne diseases. | Ticks and tick-borne diseases represent a great concern worldwide. Despite this, in Romania the studies regarding this subject has just started, and the interest of medical personnel, researchers, and citizens is increasing. Because the geographical range of many tick-borne diseases started to extend as consequences of different biological and environmental factors, it is important to study the diversity of ticks species, especially correlated with host associations. A total number of 840 ticks ... | 2011 | 22033737 |
| distribution and seasonal activity of tick species on cattle in the west aegean region of turkey. | the aim of the present study was to determine the identity, seasonal activity and distribution of tick species of cattle in the west aegean region of turkey between june 2006 and may 2008. nine villages within three provinces, viz. manisa, izmir and aydin, were included in the study and a total of 75 animal barns were visited monthly for a period of 24 months and 443 cattle were examined for the presence of ticks. it was determined that 23% of cattle were infested with ticks. a total of 19,679 a ... | 2011 | 22113777 |
| First transcriptome of the testis-vas deferens-male accessory gland and proteome of the spermatophore from Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae). | Ticks are important vectors of numerous human diseases and animal diseases. Feeding stimulates spermatogenesis, mating and insemination of male factors that trigger female reproduction. The physiology of male reproduction and its regulation of female development are essentially a black box. Several transcriptomes have catalogued expression of tick genes in the salivary glands, synganglion and midgut but no comprehensive investigation has addressed male reproduction and mating. Consequently, a ne ... | 2011 | 21949745 |
| first report on the occurrence of rickettsia slovaca and rickettsia raoultii in dermacentor silvarum in china. | abstract: background: rickettsioses are among both the longest known and most recently recognized infectious diseases. although new spotted fever group rickettsiae have been isolated in many parts of the world including china, little is known about the epidemiology of rickettsia pathogens in ticks from xinjiang autonomous region of china. methods: in an attempt to assess the potential risk of rickettsial infection after exposure to ticks in xinjiang uygur autonomous region of china, a total of ... | 2012 | 22257726 |
| ticks of poland. review of contemporary issues and latest research. | the paper presents current knowledge of ticks occurring in poland, their medical importance, and a review of recent studies implemented in the polish research centres on ticks and their significance in the epidemiology of transmissible diseases. in the polish fauna there are 19 species of ticks (ixodida) recognized as existing permanently in our country: argas reflexus, argas polonicus, carios vespertilionis, ixodes trianguliceps, ixodes arboricola, ixodes crenulatus, ixodes hexagonus, ixodes li ... | 2012 | 23444797 |
| erythema migrans-like illness among caribbean islanders. | erythema migrans is the skin manifestation of lyme disease and southern tick-associated rash illness. neither disease is found in the caribbean. we report 4 cases of erythema migrans of a possible emerging clinical entity, caribbean erythma migrans-like illness. | 2010 | 20875293 |
| prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in ixodid ticks collected from the republic of korea during 2011-2012. | in this study, we demonstrated that tbev-infected ticks have been distributed in the rok, combined with our previous results. these results suggest that tbev may exist in the rok, and h. longicornis, h. flava, and i. nipponensis may be potential vectors of tbev. in addition, these results emphasize the need for further epidemiological research of tbev. | 2012 | 24159517 |
| tick parasites of rodents in romania: host preferences, community structure and geographical distribution. | ticks are among the most important vectors of zoonotic diseases in temperate regions of europe, with widespread distribution and high densities, posing an important medical risk. most ticks feed on a variety of progressively larger hosts, with a large number of small mammal species typically harbouring primarily the immature stages. however, there are certain ixodidae that characteristically attack micromammals also during their adult stage. rodents are widespread hosts of ticks, important vecto ... | 2012 | 23171665 |
| co2 flagging - an improved method for the collection of questing ticks. | most epidemiological studies on tick-borne pathogens involve collection of ticks from the environment. an efficient collection method is essential for large sample pools. our main aim was to evaluate the efficacy of a new method, where traditional flagging was enhanced by the use of co2 dispersed into the white flannel. the co2 was spread through a rubber hose network inserted into the flag blanket. the research was conducted in spring, in march-april 2011 in two locations from cluj county, roma ... | 2012 | 22720872 |
| co-infection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and rickettsia species in ticks and in an erythema migrans patient. | lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in europe. ixodes ricinus also carries other pathogenic bacteria, but corresponding human diseases are rarely reported. here, we compared the exposure to rickettsia helvetica and rickettsia monacensis with that to lyme borreliosis spirochetes. we assumed that their exposure corresponds to their infection rate in questing i. ricinus. | 2013 | 24326096 |
| distribution of tick-borne diseases in china. | as an important contributor to vector-borne diseases in china, in recent years, tick-borne diseases have attracted much attention because of their increasing incidence and consequent significant harm to livestock and human health. the most commonly observed human tick-borne diseases in china include lyme borreliosis (known as lyme disease in china), tick-borne encephalitis (known as forest encephalitis in china), crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (known as xinjiang hemorrhagic fever in china), q-f ... | 2013 | 23617899 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for rapid identification of tick vectors. | a method for rapid species identification of ticks may help clinicians predict the disease outcomes of patients with tick bites and may inform the decision as to whether to administer postexposure prophylactic antibiotic treatment. we aimed to establish a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) spectrum database based on the analysis of the legs of six tick vectors: amblyomma variegatum, rhipicephalus sanguineus, hyalomma marginatum rufipes, ix ... | 2013 | 23224087 |
| ability to cause erythema migrans differs between borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. | lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. the variety of characteristic and non-specific clinical manifestations is partially explained by its genetic diversity. we investigated the ability of b. burgdorferi sl isolates to cause erythema migrans. | 2013 | 23339549 |
| identification of tick-borne pathogens in ticks feeding on humans in turkey. | the importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing all over the world, including turkey. the tick-borne disease outbreaks reported in recent years and the abundance of tick species and the existence of suitable habitats increase the importance of studies related to the epidemiology of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in turkey. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of and to determine the infection rates of some tick-borne pathogens, including babesia spp., borrelia burgdorferi se ... | 2014 | 25101999 |
| high-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in europe. | due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout europe. therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. to accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (tbps), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from france, denmark, and the netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. this advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detect ... | 2014 | 25120960 |
| ticks infesting humans in italy and associated pathogens. | ticks may transmit a large variety of pathogens, which cause illnesses in animals and humans, commonly referred to as to tick-borne diseases (tbds). the incidence of human tbds in italy is underestimated because of poor surveillance and the scant amount of studies available. | 2014 | 25023709 |
| chronic coinfections in patients diagnosed with chronic lyme disease: a systematic review. | often, the controversial diagnosis of chronic lyme disease is given to patients with prolonged, medically unexplained physical symptoms. many such patients also are treated for chronic coinfections with babesia, anaplasma, or bartonella in the absence of typical presentations, objective clinical findings, or laboratory confirmation of active infection. we have undertaken a systematic review of the literature to evaluate several aspects of this practice. | 2014 | 24929022 |
| seroprevalence of some vector-borne infections of dogs in hungary. | the first comprehensive study on the prevalence of canine vector-borne pathogens (anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, ehrlichia canis, and dirofilaria immitis) was carried in hungary because, except for babesiosis and dirofilariosis caused by dirofilaria repens, there were no data on their regional distribution and prevalence. in 2011 and 2012, 1305 blood samples were collected from randomly selected, apparently healthy pet dogs in 167 localities of 19 counties of hungary. all sera ... | 2014 | 24689833 |
| survey on cattle ticks in nur, north of iran. | to survey the prevalence of cattle ticks in nur county and prepare a list of tick fauna in this district. | 2014 | 25182439 |
| gene cloning, expression and immunogenicity of the protective antigen subolesin in dermacentor silvarum. | subolesin (4d8), the ortholog of insect akirins, is a highly conserved protective antigen and thus has the potential for development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against ticks and mosquitoes. to date, no protective antigens have been characterized nor tested as candidate vaccines against dermacentor silvarum bites and transmission of associated pathogens. in this study, we cloned the open reading frame (orf) of d. silvarum 4d8 cdna (ds4d8), which consisted of 498 bp encoding 165 amino acid residu ... | 2014 | 24623890 |
| a seventeen-year epidemiological surveillance study of borrelia burgdorferi infections in two provinces of northern spain. | this paper reports a 17-year seroepidemiological surveillance study of borrelia burgdorferi infection, performed with the aim of improving our knowledge of the epidemiology of this pathogen. serum samples (1,179) from patients (623, stratified with respect to age, sex, season, area of residence and occupation) bitten by ticks in two regions of northern spain were ifa-tested for b. burgdorferi antibodies. positive results were confirmed by western blotting. antibodies specific for b. burgdorferi ... | 2014 | 24487455 |
| control of tick infestations and pathogen prevalence in cattle and sheep farms vaccinated with the recombinant subolesin-major surface protein 1a chimeric antigen. | despite the use of chemical acaricides, tick infestations continue to affect animal health and production worldwide. tick vaccines have been proposed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternative for tick control. vaccination with the candidate tick protective antigen, subolesin (sub), has been shown experimentally to be effective in controlling vector infestations and pathogen infection. furthermore, escherichia coli membranes containing the chimeric antigen composed of sub fused ... | 2014 | 24398155 |
| molecular detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from romania. | red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are one of the most widespread wild carnivores in the world, being recognized to harbor and transmit a wide range of vector-borne diseases. anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are zoonotic tick-borne pathogens causing emerging diseases. wild animals play an essential role in the transmission of diseases and pathogens maintenance in nature. epidemiological studies regarding the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens in red foxes are of public health ... | 2015 | 26449360 |
| emerging tick-borne infections in mainland china: an increasing public health threat. | since the beginning of the 1980s, 33 emerging tick-borne agents have been identified in mainland china, including eight species of spotted fever group rickettsiae, seven species in the family anaplasmataceae, six genospecies in the complex borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, 11 species of babesia, and the virus causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. in this review we have mapped the geographical distributions of human cases of infection. 15 of the 33 emerging tick-borne agents have be ... | 2015 | 26453241 |
| a broad-range survey of ticks from livestock in northern xinjiang: changes in tick distribution and the isolation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. | borreliosis is highly prevalent in xinjiang uygur autonomous region, china. however, little is known about the presence of borrelia pathogens in tick species in this region, in addition borrelia pathogens have not been isolated from domestic animals. | 2015 | 26337627 |
| detection of lyme disease and q fever agents in wild rodents in central italy. | the maintenance of tick-borne disease agents in the environment strictly depends on the relationship between tick vectors and their hosts, which act as reservoirs for these pathogens. a pilot study aimed to investigate wild rodents as reservoirs for zoonotic tick-borne pathogens (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum) was carried out in an area of gran sasso e monti della laga national park (abruzzi region, central italy) ... | 2015 | 26134933 |
| eco-epidemiology of borrelia miyamotoi and lyme borreliosis spirochetes in a popular hunting and recreational forest area in hungary. | borrelia miyamotoi, the newly discovered human pathogenic relapsing fever spirochete, and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are maintained in natural rodent populations. the aim of this study was to investigate the natural cycle of b. miyamotoi and b. burgdorferi s.l. in a forest habitat with intensive hunting, forestry work and recreational activity in southern hungary. | 2015 | 26048373 |
| tick-borne infections in human and animal population worldwide. | the abundance and activity of ectoparasites and its hosts are affected by various abiotic factors, such as climate and other organisms (predators, pathogens and competitors) presenting thus multiples forms of association (obligate to facultative, permanent to intermittent and superficial to subcutaneous) developed during long co-evolving processes. ticks are ectoparasites widespread globally and its eco epidemiology are closely related to the environmental conditions. they are obligatory hematop ... | 2015 | 27047089 |
| novel candidatus rickettsia species detected in nostril tick from human, gabon, 2014. | we report the identification of a nymphal nostril tick (amblyomma sp.) from a national park visitor in gabon and subsequent molecular detection and characterization of tickborne bacteria. our findings provide evidence of a potentially new rickettsia sp. circulating in africa and indicate that tick bites may pose a risk to persons visiting parks in the region. | 2015 | 25625886 |
| investigation of tick-borne bacteria (rickettsia spp., anaplasma spp., ehrlichia spp. and borrelia spp.) in ticks collected from andean tapirs, cattle and vegetation from a protected area in ecuador. | ixodid ticks play an important role in the transmission and ecology of infectious diseases. information about the circulation of tick-borne bacteria in ticks is lacking in ecuador. our aims were to investigate the tick species that parasitize andean tapirs and cattle, and those present in the vegetation from the buffer zone of the antisana ecological reserve and cayambe-coca national park (ecuador), and to investigate the presence of tick-borne bacteria. | 2015 | 25616567 |
| tick-borne diseases in turkey: a review based on one health perspective. | the importance of tick-borne diseases is increasing all over the world, including turkey. global warming, environmental and ecological changes and the existence of suitable habitats increase the impact of ticks and result in frequent emergence or re-emergence of tick-borne diseases (tbds) with zoonotic characteristics. in turkey, almost 19 tbds have been reported in animals and men, involving four protozoa (babesiosis, theileriosis, cytauxzoonosis, hepatozoonosis), one filarial nematode (acantho ... | 2016 | 27977689 |
| ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting cattle and some other domestic and wild hosts on the french mediterranean island of corsica. | corsica is a mountainous french island in the north-western mediterranean presenting a large diversity of natural environments where many interactions between domestic animals and wild fauna occur. despite a favourable context for ticks and tick-borne diseases (tbds), the tick fauna of corsica has not systematically been investigated. | 2016 | 27842608 |
| exposure to vector-borne pathogens in candidate blood donor and free-roaming dogs of northeast italy. | many vector-borne pathogens including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and nematodes occur in northeast italy, representing a potential threat to animal and human populations. little information is available on the circulation of the above vector-borne pathogens in dogs. this work aims to (i) assess exposure to and circulation of pathogens transmitted to dogs in northeast italy by ticks, sandflies, and mosquitoes, and (ii) drive blood donor screening at the newly established canine blood bank of the ... | 2016 | 27357128 |
| novel spotted fever group rickettsiae in haemaphysalis qinghaiensis ticks from gansu, northwest china. | rickettsia spp. are obligate intracellular bacteria and well known as transmitted by arthropods. these pathogens have a broad geographic distribution and a high degree of biological and clinical diversity. this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from gansu, where borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum were previously reported in ticks and ruminants. | 2016 | 26968160 |
| molecular method for the characterization of coxiella burnetii from clinical and environmental samples: variability of genotypes in spain. | coxiella burnetii is a highly clonal microorganism which is difficult to culture, requiring bsl3 conditions for its propagation. this leads to a scarce availability of isolates worldwide. on the other hand, published methods of characterization have delineated up to 8 different genomic groups and 36 genotypes. however, all these methodologies, with the exception of one that exhibited limited discriminatory power (3 genotypes), rely on performing between 10 and 20 pcr amplifications or sequencing ... | 2012 | 22656068 |
| prevalence of francisella tularensis and francisella-like endosymbionts in the tick population of hungary and the genetic variability of francisella-like agents. | several new taxa belonging to the genus francisella have been described recently. the present study describes the prevalence of francisella tularensis and francisella-like endosymbionts (fle) in ticks collected from hungary from 2007 to 2009 and characterizes the genetic variability of fles. a total of 5402 ixodid ticks (ixodes ricinus, i. acuminatus, dermacentor marginatus, d. reticulatus, haemaphysalis inermis, h. concinna, h. punctata) were collected from vegetation and animal hosts and teste ... | 2013 | 23421891 |
| seasonal dynamics of rhipicephalus rossicus attacking domestic dogs from the steppic region of southeastern romania. | danube delta biosphere reserve is one of the most interesting regions in europe from an epidemiological point of view due to its great biodiversity, local climatic conditions and various types of habitats. moreover, there is no data regarding the ectoparasite communities of dogs from this area. in this frame, the aims of our study were to establish the tick communities parasitizing dogs and to provide new data regarding seasonal dynamics of a neglected tick species, rhipicephalus rossicus. | 2014 | 24612483 |
| environmental monitoring and surveillance of rodents and vectors for francisella tularensis following outbreaks of human tularemia in georgia. | tularemia is a re-emerging bacterial zoonosis, broadly distributed across the northern hemisphere. in georgia, there is a history of human tularemia outbreaks dating back to the 1940s. in response to outbreaks, health officials initiated long-term field surveillance and environmental monitoring. the objective of our study was to obtain information from 57 years of field surveys to identify species that play a role in the occurrence francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in the environment in g ... | 2015 | 26394283 |
| introduction and persistence of tularemia in bulgaria. | outbreaks of the zoonotic disease tularemia occurred in north-east bulgaria in the 1960s. then came 30 years of epidemiological silence until new outbreaks occurred in west bulgaria in the 1990s. to investigate how bacterial strains of francisella tularensis causing tularemia in wildlife and humans in the 1960s and the 1990s were related, we explored their genetic diversity. | 2016 | 27790972 |
| spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks of migratory birds in romania. | birds are important hosts and dispersers of parasitic arthropods and vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. particularly migratory species may carry these parasites over long distances in short time periods. migratory hotspots present ideal conditions to get a snapshot of parasite and pathogen diversity of birds migrating between continents. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence and diversity of rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from birds at a migratory hot-spot in the danube delta, ... | 2016 | 27207258 |
| candidatus coxiella massiliensis infection. | bacteria genetically related to coxiella burnetii have been found in ticks. using molecular techniques, we detected coxiella-like bacteria, here named candidatus coxiella massiliensis, in skin biopsy samples and ticks removed from patients with an eschar. this organism may be a common agent of scalp eschar and neck lymphadenopathy after tick bite. | 2016 | 26811945 |
| the recent evolution of a maternally-inherited endosymbiont of ticks led to the emergence of the q fever pathogen, coxiella burnetii. | q fever is a highly infectious disease with a worldwide distribution. its causative agent, the intracellular bacterium coxiella burnetii, infects a variety of vertebrate species, including humans. its evolutionary origin remains almost entirely unknown and uncertainty persists regarding the identity and lifestyle of its ancestors. a few tick species were recently found to harbor maternally-inherited coxiella-like organisms engaged in symbiotic interactions, but their relationships to the q fever ... | 2015 | 25978383 |
| spatial disaggregation of tick occurrence and ecology at a local scale as a preliminary step for spatial surveillance of tick-borne diseases: general framework and health implications in belgium. | the incidence of tick-borne diseases is increasing in europe. sub national information on tick distribution, ecology and vector status is often lacking. however, precise location of infection risk can lead to better targeted prevention measures, surveillance and control. | 2013 | 23800283 |
| putative novel lineage of west nile virus in uranotaenia unguiculata mosquito, hungary. | west nile virus (wnv) is an increasing public health concern in europe with numerous human cases. a total of 23,029 female mosquitoes were tested for a variety of mosquito-borne flaviviruses and orthobunyaviruses supposedly endemic in southern transdanubia, hungary, in the frames of a large-scale surveillance between 2011 and 2013. wnv nucleic acid was detected in a single pool containing uranotaenia unguiculata mosquitoes. sequence- and phylogenetic analyses for two different regions (ns5 and e ... | 2014 | 25674630 |
| new insights into flavivirus evolution, taxonomy and biogeographic history, extended by analysis of canonical and alternative coding sequences. | to generate the most diverse phylogenetic dataset for the flaviviruses to date, we determined the genomic sequences and phylogenetic relationships of 14 flaviviruses, of which 10 are primarily associated with culex spp. mosquitoes. we analyze these data, in conjunction with a comprehensive collection of flavivirus genomes, to characterize flavivirus evolutionary and biogeographic history in unprecedented detail and breadth. based on the presumed introduction of yellow fever virus into the americ ... | 2015 | 25719412 |
| phylogenetic analysis of west nile virus genome, iran. | | 0 | 25061976 |
| unprecedented genomic diversity of rna viruses in arthropods reveals the ancestry of negative-sense rna viruses. | although arthropods are important viral vectors, the biodiversity of arthropod viruses, as well as the role that arthropods have played in viral origins and evolution, is unclear. through rna sequencing of 70 arthropod species we discovered 112 novel viruses that appear to be ancestral to much of the documented genetic diversity of negative-sense rna viruses, a number of which are also present as endogenous genomic copies. with this greatly enriched diversity we revealed that arthropods contain ... | 2015 | 25633976 |
| whole genome phylogenetic investigation of a west nile virus strain isolated from a tick sampled from livestock in north eastern kenya. | west nile virus (wnv) has a wide geographical distribution and has been associated to cause neurological disease in humans and horses. mosquitoes are the traditional vectors for wnv; however, the virus has also been isolated from tick species in north africa and europe which could be a means of introduction and spread of the virus over long distances through migratory birds. although wnv has been isolated in mosquitoes in kenya, paucity of genetic and pathogenicity data exists. we previously rep ... | 2014 | 25430727 |
| west nile virus. | | 2013 | 24179475 |
| differential virulence and pathogenesis of west nile viruses. | west nile virus (wnv) is a neurotropic flavivirus that cycles between mosquitoes and birds but that can also infect humans, horses, and other vertebrate animals. in most humans, wnv infection remains subclinical. however, 20%-40% of those infected may develop wnv disease, with symptoms ranging from fever to meningoencephalitis. a large variety of wnv strains have been described worldwide. based on their genetic differences, they have been classified into eight lineages; the pathogenic strains be ... | 2013 | 24284878 |
| the role of viral persistence in flavivirus biology. | in nature, vector-borne flaviviruses are persistently cycled between either the tick or mosquito vector and small mammals such as rodents, skunks, and swine. these viruses account for considerable human morbidity and mortality worldwide. increasing and substantial evidence of viral persistence in humans, which includes the isolation of rna by rt-pcr and infectious virus by culture, continues to be reported. viral persistence can also be established in vitro in various human, animal, arachnid, an ... | 2014 | 24737600 |
| a review of the epidemiological and clinical aspects of west nile virus. | the resurgence of west nile virus (wnv) in north america and europe in recent years has raised the concerns of local authorities and highlighted that mosquito-borne disease is not restricted to tropical regions of the world. wnv is maintained in enzootic cycles involving, primarily, culex spp. mosquitoes and avian hosts, with epizootic spread to mammals, including horses and humans. human infection results in symptomatic illness in approximately one-fifth of cases and neuroinvasive disease in le ... | 2014 | 24748813 |
| west nile virus: a re-emerging pathogen revisited. | west nile virus (wnv), a flavivirus of the flaviviridae family, is maintained in nature in an enzootic transmission cycle between avian hosts and ornithophilic mosquito vectors, although the virus occasionally infects other vertebrates. wnv causes sporadic disease outbreaks in horses and humans, which may result in febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis and flaccid paralysis. until recently, its medical and veterinary health concern was relatively low; however, the number, frequency and sever ... | 0 | 24175211 |
| putative new west nile virus lineage in uranotaenia unguiculata mosquitoes, austria, 2013. | west nile virus (wnv) is becoming more widespread and markedly effecting public health. we sequenced the complete polyprotein gene of a divergent wnv strain newly detected in a pool of uranotaenia unguiculata mosquitoes in austria. phylogenetic analyses suggest that the new strain constitutes a ninth wnv lineage or a sublineage of wnv lineage 4. | 0 | 25418009 |
| divergent viruses discovered in arthropods and vertebrates revise the evolutionary history of the flaviviridae and related viruses. | viruses of the family flaviviridae are important pathogens of humans and other animals and are currently classified into four genera. to better understand their diversity, evolutionary history, and genomic flexibility, we used transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq) to search for the viruses related to the flaviviridae in a range of potential invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. accordingly, we recovered the full genomes of five segmented jingmenviruses and 12 distant relatives of the known flavivirida ... | 2015 | 26491167 |
| prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev) in field-collected ticks (ixodes ricinus) in southern switzerland. | tick-borne encephalitis is the most common tick-borne viral infection in europe with 3,000 human cases reported each year. in western europe, the castor bean tick, ixodes ricinus, is the principal vector of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (tbev). tbev appears to be spreading geographically and was recently detected for the first time in canton valais in the southern part of switzerland. the purpose of the present study was to survey the i. ricinus tick populations of canton valais for tbev. | 2014 | 25245773 |
| vectors of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever virus in iran. | ticks are important vectors and reservoirs of crimean congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf) virus. human beings may be infected whenever the normal life cycle of the infected ticks on non-human vertebrate hosts is interrupted by the undesirable presence of humans in the cycle. a total of 26 species of argasid and ixodid ticks have been recorded in iran; including nine hyalomma, two rhipicephalus, two dermacentor, five haemaphysalis, two boophilus, one ixodes and two argas as well as three ornithodoros ... | 2015 | 26623426 |