| cloning & expression of chikungunya virus genes coding structural proteins in escherichia coli. | dna complementary to the single stranded rna genome of chikungunya (chik) virus with poly a tract was cloned into the plasmid pgem-3zf(-) and 5zf(+) by blunt end ligation strategy. clones containing the cdna inserts were selected by x-gal, iptg system. they were tested for the expression of structural protein(s) of chik virus by in situ enzyme immunoassay and western blot. the former assay system showed the presence of expressed viral proteins. analysis of western blot shows that three structura ... | 1990 | 2269513 |
| translocation and cleavage of rubella virus envelope glycoproteins: identification and role of the e2 signal sequence. | the structural proteins of rubella virus (rv) are translated as a large polyprotein precursor, p110, which is processed to produce the mature virion components, the 33k capsid protein (c) and the two envelope glycoproteins, e1 (58k) and e2 (42k to 47k). the precise processing mechanism has not been elucidated; however it must include at least two proteolytic cleavages to release the individual virion components from the polyprotein, and it must provide for their dichotomous intracellular distrib ... | 1990 | 2273395 |
| clofibrate-inducible rat hepatic p450s iva1 and iva3 catalyze the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of fatty acids and the omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandins e1 and f2 alpha. | cytochromes p450iva1 and iva3 display 72% amino acid sequence similarity and are expressed in livers of rats treated with the hypolipidemic drug clofibrate. the catalytic activities of iva1 and iva3 were examined by cdna-directed expression using vaccinia virus. cdna-expressed iva1 and iva3 had relative mrs of 51,500 and 52,000, respectively, on sds-polyacrylamide gels. both enzymes displayed reduced, co-bound absorption spectra with lambda max of 452.5 nm. iva1 and iva3 hydroxylated lauric acid ... | 1990 | 2280187 |
| differential growth of human enteric adenovirus 41 (tak) in continuous cell lines. | differing reports exist about the replication of human enteric adenoviruses (enads) in various cell lines. there was a suggestion that enads are defective, do not grow on primary human diploid cells, and behave like ad host-range mutants, i.e., they require early gene products from other ad types for efficient growth. thus, initially the graham-293 cell line, which contains the e1 region (e1a, e1b) of ad5, was thought to be an ideal host for enads, because it provided the needed functions. our f ... | 1990 | 2294640 |
| intracellular processing, glycosylation, and cell-surface expression of the measles virus fusion protein (f) encoded by a recombinant adenovirus. | the membrane fusion protein of measles virus (mvf) is a surface glycoprotein which is essential for initiation of viral infection. the f protein mediates penetration of the host cell through a process of membrane fusion between the viral envelope and the host cell plasma membrane. to study the structure-function relationship of the mvf protein, a recombinant adenovirus, ad5mvf, was constructed which expressed the f protein in mammalian cells. the mvf gene was inserted into the ad5 genome by homo ... | 1990 | 2309445 |
| immunoaffinity purification and characterization of the envelope protein e1 of hog cholera virus. | the envelope protein e1 of hog cholera virus (hcv) was isolated by immunoaffinity purification with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against hcv. e1 consisted of a doublet of glycoproteins which varied in size from 51k to 56k between the three strains tested. e1 contains major antigenic determinants of hcv which are conserved, and are involved in neutralization by mabs. in infected cells, e1 was found always connected with a glycoprotein of 31k. when n-linked glycans were removed, e1 had a ... | 1990 | 2313266 |
| the cleavage of p62, the precursor of e2 and e3, is an early and continuous event in semliki forest virus-infected aedes albopictus cells. | the cleavage of p62 of semliki forest virus (sfv) in c6/36 (aedes albopictus) cells was investigated by pulse-chase labeling experiments and analysis of the sugar side chain of e1 using endoglycosidases. similar to vertebrates, e1, e2, and p62 are transported as complexes in c6/36 cells. this observation allows the use of e1 as a positional marker for the transport and processing of e2 and p62. the oligosaccharide on the viral spike e1 protein was modified first to an endo-d-sensitive (35 min) a ... | 1990 | 2317152 |
| chromosomal damage induced by human adenovirus type 12 requires expression of the e1b 55-kilodalton viral protein. | infection of human embryonic kidney cells with adenovirus type 12 results in the induction of damage at specific (17q21-22, 1p36, 1q21, and 1q42-43) and random sites in the cellular chromosomes. a previous study by durnam et al. (d. m. durnam, p. p. smith, j. c. menninger, and j. k. mcdougall, cancer cells 4:349-354, 1986) indicated that the expression of viral early region 1 (e1) is sufficient for the induction of damage at band 17q21-22. in the present report we used an adenovirus type 12-aden ... | 1990 | 2325204 |
| [detection of structural proteins in rubella virus using immunoblotting]. | in partially purified virus preparations the structure proteins e1, e2 and c of rubella virus were demonstrated by immunoblotting using human sera. first tests analyse the igg immune response by immunoblotting. possibilities are discussed for the application of this method in diagnosis. | 1990 | 2336854 |
| antibody response to rubella virus structural proteins in multiple sclerosis. | the antibody response to the structural proteins of rubella virus was studied in patients with multiple sclerosis (ms). irrespective of the antibody titer to whole rubella virus, the relative proportion of the igg response to the surface glycoprotein e1 was diminished, and that to the surface glycoprotein e2 was elevated in ms patients when compared to a matched control population of normal health individuals or a group of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen vascular di ... | 1990 | 2360794 |
| detection of bovine enteric coronavirus in clinical specimens by hybridization with cdna probes. | molecular hybridization, previously optimized for purified bovine coronavirus (bcv), was adapted for detection of virus in clinical specimens. for this purpose, the accuracy of the existing tests had to be improved and suitable means for removal of extraneous molecules had to be established. six radioactive probes were used to obtain adequate detection signals. these probes, containing the complete n and e1 gene sequences and other sequences, hybridized to about 1/4 of the total length of the vi ... | 1990 | 2366761 |
| attenuating mutations in glycoproteins e1 and e2 of sindbis virus produce a highly attenuated strain when combined in vitro. | alterations in either the e1 or the e2 glycoprotein of sindbis virus can affect pathogenesis in animals. previously, we identified two distinct e1 glycoprotein gene sequences which differed in their effect on pathogenesis. one had an attenuation phenotype following subcutaneous inoculation of neonatal mice (e1 ala-72, gly-75, and ser-237), while the other was virulent (e1 val-72, asp-75, and ala-237). in this study, we examined the basis for this difference in pathogenesis by using a full-length ... | 1990 | 2384921 |
| spike protein oligomerization control of semliki forest virus fusion. | we have recently shown, using cleavage-deficient mutants of the p62-e1 membrane protein complex of semliki forest virus that p62 cleavage to e2 is necessary for the activation of the fusion function of the complex at ph 5.8 (a ph optimal for virus fusion) (m. lobigs and h. garoff, j. virol. 64:1233-1240, 1990). in this study, we show that the mutant precursor complexes can be induced to activate membrane fusion when treated with more acidic buffers (ph 5.0 and 4.5), which also appear to dissocia ... | 1990 | 2398543 |
| the sindbis virus 6k protein can be detected in virions and is acylated with fatty acids. | a small hydrophobic polypeptide is encoded within the genome of the alphaviruses by a set of 165 nucleotides which map between the sequences for the two virus glycoproteins. this polypeptide has been referred to as 6k and was previously found on membranes in virus-infected cells. we report here that this protein is heavily acylated with long chain fatty acids covalently attached in hydroxylamine-sensitive ester bonds and that the 6k protein can be detected in purified preparations of virions. a ... | 1990 | 2408229 |
| production of lymphokines and interferon by immune cells involved in recovery of mice from herpes simplex virus type 2 hepatitis. | adoptive transfer of spleen cells from mice 4 days after infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reduced the virus titer in the liver of recipient mice infected 24 h before transfer. macrophage chemotactic factor (cf) and macrophage migration inhibition factor (mif) were produced by day 3 of infection in spleen cell cultures stimulated with hsv-2, but not with control antigen, i.e. 1 day before the cells are active in adoptive transfer. interferon was produced in cultures established ... | 1985 | 2408997 |
| enzyme immunoassay of interferon with peroxidase-labelled virus-specific monoclonal antibodies. | to quantify the antiviral effect of interferon (ifn) we applied a mixture of two horseradish peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibodies, specific for the e1 glycoprotein of semliki forest virus, in a direct enzyme immunoassay. this assay is suitable for detection of virus replication in l-cells, seeded as monolayers in 96-well plates. inhibition of absorbance values caused by ifn was determined in a flow titertek multiskan. three ifn samples from different sources were titrated simultaneously in ... | 1985 | 2409224 |
| alphavirus neurovirulence: monoclonal antibodies discriminating wild-type from neuroadapted sindbis virus. | wild-type sindbis virus strain ar339 (sv) and a neurovirulent mutant (nsv), derived by neonatal and weanling mouse brain passage, both cause acute fatal encephalitis in neonatal mice, but nsv alone kills adult mice. nsv cannot be distinguished from sv by immune sera or simple biochemical tests. to localize the molecular changes associated with neuroadaptation, we used a new array of 30 anti-sv monoclonal antibodies to probe for differences between sv and nsv in four tests: immunoprecipitation, e ... | 1985 | 2411947 |
| antigenic variation among murine coronaviruses: evidence for polymorphism on the peplomer glycoprotein, e2. | a panel of 28 monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the structural proteins of murine hepatitis virus-4, strain jhm (mhv-4) was used in three antigen binding assays to determine the extent of antigenic homology among six strains of murine coronaviruses. the antigenic determinants studied were highly conserved on the e1 glycoproteins and nucleocapsid (n) proteins of all strains tested. in contrast, antigenic polymorphism was observed among the e2 glycoproteins. of three previously described antigen ... | 1985 | 2412363 |
| biochemical and biological characteristics of epitopes on the e1 glycoprotein of western equine encephalitis virus. | antigenic determinants identified by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the e1 glycoprotein of western equine encephalitis (wee) virus have been characterized by their serological activity, requirements for secondary structure, expression on the mature virion, and their role in protecting animals from wee virus challenge. on the basis of a cross-reactivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and hemagglutination inhibition assay, eight antigenic determinants (epitopes) on the e1 glycoprotein ... | 1985 | 2414904 |
| detailed immunologic analysis of the structural polypeptides of rubella virus using monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies prepared against rubella virus is described. fourteen of these monoclonal antibodies react with the e1 glycoprotein of rubella virus and define a total of six spacially separate epitopes in competitive inhibition assays. antibodies binding to epitopes e1(a), e1(b), e1(c), or e1(e) inhibit the hemagglutinin function of the virus, while antibodies binding to epitopes e1(d) or e1(f) do not. monoclonal antibodies binding to epitopes e1(c) or e1(d) prevent viru ... | 1985 | 2414908 |
| antigenic structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. i. properties of monoclonal antibodies directed against virion proteins. | thirty-two hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the three major structural proteins of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) have been isolated. radioimmunoprecipitation of intracellular viral polypeptides showed that 17 hybridomas recognized both the peplomer protein [e2, 220 x 10(3) mol. wt. (220k)] and a lower mol. wt. species (e'2, 175k), which was characterized as a precursor of e2. six mabs selectively immunoprecipitated the e'2 protein. four hybridomas ... | 1986 | 2418148 |
| antibody-selected variation and reversion in sindbis virus neutralization epitopes. | sindbis virus variants evidencing a complex and bidirectional tendency toward spontaneous antigenic change were isolated and characterized. variants were selected on the basis of their escape from neutralization by individual monoclonal antibodies to either of the two envelope glycoproteins, e2 and e1. multisite variants, including one altered in three neutralization sites, were obtained by selecting mutants consecutively in the presence of different neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. two pheno ... | 1986 | 2419586 |
| rubella virus antigens: localization of epitopes involved in hemagglutination and neutralization by using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the rubella virion were used to locate epitopes involved in hemagglutination and neutralization. the mabs exhibiting high-level hemagglutination-inhibiting activity were shown by western blot analysis to be specific for the e1 polypeptide; this is consistent with the presence of the hemagglutinin on the e1 polypeptide. some of the e1-specific mabs also neutralized viral infectivity. however, hemagglutination-inhibiting activity and neutralizing activity did n ... | 1986 | 2419590 |
| monoclonal antibody cure and prophylaxis of lethal sindbis virus encephalitis in mice. | neuroadapted sindbis virus (nsv) causes acute encephalitis and paralyzes and kills adult mice unless they are treated with primary immune serum after infection. to study the nature and specificity of curative antibodies, we gave mice 30 different monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against sindbis virus (sv) 24 h after lethal intracerebral inoculation of nsv. by the time of mab treatment, nsv replication in the brain had been well established (7.5 x 10(7) pfu/g). seventeen mabs directed against multipl ... | 1986 | 2419592 |
| e1 glycoprotein of rubella virus carries an epitope that binds a neutralizing antibody. | we identified by immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes rubella virus, that e1 glycoprotein carries an epitope linked with neutralization. glycosidase treatment of virus does not prevent blotting of this monoclonal antibody with the e1 glycoprotein, dissociating this epitope from the hemagglutination epitope which is linked with the oligosaccharide side chains. we also investigated by western blot analysis human serum reactivity toward e1 glyc ... | 1985 | 2422194 |
| properties of monospecific antibodies to the glycoprotein of western equine encephalitis virus. | monospecific (msp-) antisera against e1 and e2 glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis (wee) virus were prepared and examined for binding activities to whole virions, hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), neutralization (nt) and protection. both anti-e1 and anti-e2 msp-abs protected mice against wee virus challenge. a competition experiment with monoclonal antibodies showed that these msp-antisera appear to lack the antibody population for some epitopes involved in viral neutralization. | 1986 | 2425229 |
| equine arteritis virus-induced polypeptide synthesis. | intracellular virus-specific proteins induced by equine arteritis virus (eav) have been compared with in vitro translation products of virion and intracellular eav rnas. in infected bhk-21 cells, the two major virion proteins (c and e1) and polypeptides with mol. wt. of 60,000 (p60), 42,000 (p42) and 30,000 (p30) were found. there were no indications that the viral proteins were processed from a larger precursor as shown by pulse-chase, amino acid analogue and protease inhibitor experiments. the ... | 1986 | 2426393 |
| critical epitopes in transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralization. | purified transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus was found to be composed of three major structural proteins having relative molecular weights of 200,000, 48,000, and 28,000. the peplomer glycoprotein was purified by affinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody (mab) 1d.g3. a collection of 48 mabs against tge virus was developed from which 26, 10, and 3 were specific for proteins e2, n, and e1, respectively. a total of 14 neutralizing mabs of known reactivity were e2 protein specific. ... | 1986 | 2427744 |
| identification of two epitopes in the carboxyterminal 15 amino acids of the e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus a59 by using hybrid proteins. | cdna fragments coding for the carboxy terminus of the e1 envelope glycoprotein from mouse hepatitis virus a59, a coronavirus, were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pex. clones expressing e1 antigenic determinants were selected with a polyclonal anti-e1 antibody and used for immunization of rabbits and for affinity purification of existing polyclonal antisera. immunofluorescence testing and immunoperoxidase labeling of coronavirus-infected cells showed that these reagents were monospec ... | 1986 | 2431163 |
| structure, dnasei hypersensitivity and expression of integrated papilloma virus in the genome of hela cells. | three integrated copies of human papilloma virus-18 (hpv-18) have been identified in hela dna as hindiii bands. hpv-18 has no hindiii restriction site in its genome. the three segments: a, 8.4 kb; b, 7.9 kb and c, 5.8 kb, have an incomplete viral genome. all of them have most of the 1.1-kb bamh1 non-coding fragment of hpv-18, which seems to contain the viral origin of replication and regulatory elements. two of the segments (a and b) have a common 5'-end break-point in the viral genome within th ... | 1987 | 2439332 |
| epitope-specific antibody responses to virulent and avirulent feline infectious peritonitis virus isolates. | feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) has been isolated several times from infected cats. some of these isolates vary markedly in their ability to cause disease. specific-pathogen-free cats were inoculated with the avirulent fipv-ucd-2 isolate or the extremely virulent fipv-79-1146 isolate or both. after 1 month, cats which had received fipv-79-1146 were either dead or showed clinical signs of fip. all cats which received only fipv-ucd-2 remained healthy up to 6 months after inoculation. an ... | 1987 | 2442191 |
| monoclonal antibodies to bovine coronavirus: characteristics and topographical mapping of neutralizing epitopes on the e2 and e3 glycoproteins. | monoclonal antibodies to the quebec isolate of bovine coronavirus were produced and characterized. monoclonal antibodies to both the e2 and the e3 glycoproteins were found to efficiently neutralize virus in vitro. none of the monoclonal antibodies directed against the e1 glycoprotein neutralized virus infectivity. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the e2 glycoprotein were all found to immunoprecipitate gp190, gp100, and their intracellular precursor protein gp170. neutralizing monoclonal ant ... | 1987 | 2446421 |
| modulation of cyclic amp levels and differentiation by adenosine analogs in mouse erythroleukemia cells. | friend virus-transformed mouse erythroleukemia (mel) cells can be induced to undergo erythroid differentiation by a variety of compounds, including dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and the adenosine analog xylosyladenine. the present studies have monitored the effects of the stable adenosine receptor ligand n6-phenylisopropyladenosine (pia) on induction of mel cell differentiation. pia has been previously shown to stimulate adenylate cyclase activity in rat hepatic and mouse leydig 1-10 cells as well a ... | 1988 | 2450878 |
| recombinant vaccinia/venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus expresses vee structural proteins. | cdna molecules encoding the structural proteins of the virulent trinidad donkey and the tc-83 vaccine strains of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus were inserted under control of the vaccinia virus 7.5k promoter into the thymidine kinase gene of vaccinia virus. synthesis of the capsid protein and glycoproteins e2 and e1 of vee virus was demonstrated by immunoblotting of lysates of cv-1 cells infected with recombinant vaccinia/vee viruses. vee glycoproteins were detected in recombinant vi ... | 1988 | 2462013 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the e1 and e2 glycoproteins of sindbis virus: definition of epitopes and efficiency of protection from fatal encephalitis. | protection of mice from fatal neuroadapted sindbis virus encephalitis can be accomplished by passive transfer of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to either the e1 or e2 glycoprotein of sindbis virus. both neutralizing and non-neutralizing mabs can be protective. to define further the characteristics of mabs that provide protection from fatal disease, antigenic epitopes on the e1 and e2 glycoproteins were identified using a competitive binding enzyme immunoassay. four distinct epitopes on e1 and thre ... | 1988 | 2462014 |
| multiple transcription terminators in e1a and e1b genes of adenovirus type 5. | we located and characterized transcription terminators in the e1a and e1b genes by transferring the 3' fragments of the genes into the vector pscat10 [sato et al., mol. cell. biol. 6 (1986) 1032-1043] at a site located immediately downstream from the cat gene (coding for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase; cat) and upstream from the simian virus 40 polyadenylation region. multiple terminators were located downstream from the e1b gene, but not in the 3' region of the e1a gene. fine analysis of the ... | 1988 | 2465206 |
| antigenic and polypeptide structure of turkey enteric coronaviruses as defined by monoclonal antibodies. | twenty-nine hybridoma cells lines, producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to the minnesota strain of turkey enteric coronavirus (tcv), have been established by fusion of sp2/0 myeloma cells with spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with purified preparations of the egg-adapted or tissue culture-adapted virus. the hybridomas produced mainly igg2a or igg1 antibodies. western immunoblotting experiments with purified virus, and immunoprecipitation tests with [35s]methionine-labelled infected cell ... | 1989 | 2472464 |
| reverse transcription and subsequent dna amplification of rubella virus rna. | a method is described whereby rubella virus rna was reverse transcribed and the resulting cdna enzymatically amplified using taq polymerase. the reactions were carried out in a single reaction vessel, with only minor modifications to the buffer conditions between the reverse transcription and the subsequent amplification step. using an oligonucleotide probe to the e1 glycoprotein region and limited restriction endonuclease mapping, the resulting amplified products were shown to be specific for r ... | 1989 | 2476457 |
| epitope mapping and the detection of transmissible gastroenteritis viral proteins in cell culture using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies in a fixed-cell elisa. | a fixed-cell elisa was developed using swine testicle (st) cells infected with the virulent miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and purified biotinylated monoclonal antibodies (b-mabs). five of the b-mabs were specific for the peplomer (e2), five reacted to the nucleocapsid (n), and one reacted to the e 1 protein of the miller strain of tgev. protein a-sepharose purification of mabs yielded protein concentrations ranging from 0.40 to 3 mg per ml of ascites. separate pools ... | 1989 | 2479362 |
| the heterodimeric association between the membrane proteins of semliki forest virus changes its sensitivity to low ph during virus maturation. | the budding and the fusion processes of the enveloped animal virus semliki forest virus serve the purpose of transporting its nucleocapsid, containing its genome, from the cytoplasm of an infected cell into that of an uninfected one. we show here that, in the infected cell, the viral membrane (spike) proteins p62 and e1 are organized as heterodimers which are very resistant to dissociation in acidic conditions. in contrast, the mature form of the heterodimer, e2e1, which is found in the virus pa ... | 1989 | 2479769 |
| ability of structurally related polycyclic aromatic carcinogens to induce homologous recombination between duplicated chromosomal sequences in mouse l cells. | to investigate the role of dna damage in the induction of homologous recombination in mammalian cells, a series of structurally related, polycyclic aromatic carcinogens, i.e., 1-nitrosopyrene (1-nop), n-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (n-aco-aaf), and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-nqo), were compared for their ability to cause intrachromosomal homologous recombination between two herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (htk) genes stably integrated in the genome of a tk- mouse l cell strain 333 m. eac ... | 1989 | 2494440 |
| inhibitory effect of interferon-gamma on adenovirus replication and late transcription. | we have previously shown that human interferon-gamma inhibited adenovirus multiplication in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. this action was previous to capsid proteins synthesis and did not involve virus adsorption nor penetration. in this report we have analysed viral mrna levels at early (7 hr post infection (p.i.)) or late (20 hr p.i.) times, as well as dna replication in wish cells pretreated with interferon-gamma and infected with adenovirus 5. controls included untreated cells as well a ... | 1989 | 2500934 |
| expression of rubella virus cdna encoding the e1 structural protein. | cdnas synthesized from the 40s rna genome of rubella virus were cloned into the lambda gt10 bacteriophage. a clone (prv # 1475) which contains a truncated version of the e1 envelope glycoprotein (amino acid residues 17-481) and the 3' non-coding region was constructed from two overlapping cdnas. prv # 1475 was inserted into a eukaryotic expression vector under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. after transfection of 293 cells, a protein with intact antigenic domains cou ... | 1989 | 2504297 |
| [inflammatory arthropathies in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. | articular manifestations were observed in 10 patients (8 men, 2 women, aged from 23 to 46 years) with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. all men were homosexuals, except for an intravenous drug addict. one woman was a native of gabon and the other had multiple transfusions. the joint diseases were of the polyarthritis and acute oligoarthritis types, affecting mainly the knees and ankles but also the wrist and fingers; the spine was involved in one case. the synovial fluid present in 4 ... | 1989 | 2523044 |
| the full-length nucleotide sequences of the virulent trinidad donkey strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and its attenuated vaccine derivative, strain tc-83. | nucleotide sequence analysis of cdna clones covering the entire genomes of trinidad donkey (trd) venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus and its vaccine derivative, tc-83, has revealed 11 differences between the genomes of tc-83 virus and its parent. one nucleotide substitution and a single nucleotide deletion occurred in the 5'- and 3'-noncoding regions of the tc-83 genome, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of the nonstructural polypeptides of the two viruses differed only in a ... | 1989 | 2524126 |
| monoclonal antibodies to the matrix (e1) glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus protect mice from encephalitis. | monoclonal antibodies to the matrix or e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) were tested for their ability to protect mice from a normally lethal challenge of mhv-4. four antibodies were tested, and two of these, j.1.3 and j.3.9, were protective. protection did not correlate with virus neutralization in vitro, antibody isotype, recognition of a unique e1 antigenic site, or dependence on complement in vivo. survival from acute encephalitis was followed by subacute demyelination, as has b ... | 1989 | 2535900 |
| 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression in normal and murine sarcoma virus-transformed nih 3t3 cells. | mouse fibroblasts transformed by murine sarcoma virus (msv) are highly sensitive to the antiproliferative effect of interferon (ifn) (m. bakhanashvili, d. h. wreschner, and s. salzberg, cancer res. 43:1289-1294, 1983). to elucidate the mechanism leading to this ifn sensitivity, the expression of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5a synthetase) gene, the presence of the 2-5a synthetase protein, and the level of its enzymatic activity were determined in ifn-treated and untreated cultures. nih ... | 1989 | 2536824 |
| cloning of the herpes simplex virus icp4 gene in an adenovirus vector: effects on adenovirus gene expression and replication. | to assess the ability of the herpes simplex virus icp4 protein to complement adenovirus e1a mutants we have constructed an adenovirus type 5 vector containing a temperature-sensitive icp4 gene, under control of its own promoter, within the e1 region of the genome. the recombinant virus expresses icp4 in cells which are permissive (293) or nonpermissive (kb and r970-5) for viral replication, and at levels which approximate those obtained in herpes simplex infection. the adenovirus-encoded protein ... | 1989 | 2536987 |
| defective gene in lactic acidosis: abnormal pyruvate dehydrogenase e1 alpha-subunit caused by a frame shift. | a patient with lactic acidosis showed a lowered pyruvate dehydrogenase e1 activity and fatigued on slight exercise. the cdna encoding the pyruvate dehydrogenase e1 alpha-subunit from his lymphocytes, transformed by infection of epstein-barr virus, was cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the gene had a deletion of four nucleotides at the second codon upstream from the termination codon. this deletion would lead to a reading-frame shift and make a new terminat ... | 1989 | 2537010 |
| loss of bovine papillomavirus dna replication control in growth-arrested transformed cells. | the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) genome replicates as a plasmid within the nuclei of bpv-1-transformed murine c127 cells at a constant multiple copy number, and spontaneous amplification of the viral dna is rarely observed. we report here that a mutant bpv-1 plasmid within a contact-inhibited c127 cell line replicated as a stable multicopy plasmid in exponentially growing cells but amplified to a high level in confluent cell culture. in situ hybridization analysis revealed that most of t ... | 1989 | 2539513 |
| an epstein-barr virus-transformed b cell line produces autoregulatory interleukin-1 that regulates bone remodeling. | in this study, we demonstrate that an epstein-barr virus-transformed b cell line, a-11, produced interleukin-1 (il-1), a cytokine that regulates bone remodeling. a-11 cells produce il-1 in a cell dose- and culture time-related manner. the il-1 activity was neutralized by recombinant human il-1 (rhil-1) alpha antiserum, but not by rhil-1 beta antiserum. the il-1 was semi-purified by (nh4)2so4 precipitation, superose prep 12 gel filtration, and anion-exchange chromatography strongly stimulated in ... | 1989 | 2543455 |
| presence of human papillomavirus type 18 dna in vulvar carcinomas and its integration into the cell genome. | we have screened 78 genital tract tumours from italian female patients for the presence of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) and hpv-18 dna. dot and southern blot hybridization experiments revealed that dna sequences of hpv-16 and/or hpv-18 are present in 66% of tumour samples. hpv-18 was detected in 80% of vulvar carcinomas. in these tumours the integration of hpv-18 dna seems to occur in the e1/e2 region of the virus genome with long deletions in almost all samples. the invariable retentio ... | 1989 | 2543791 |
| molecular pathogenesis of sindbis virus encephalitis in experimental animals. | in general, the analysis of a number of strains of sindbis virus has revealed amino acid differences of potential importance for virulence at relatively few positions in the e2-glycoprotein. only 10 amino acid changes are potentially implicated, and 9 of these 10 lie in the n-terminal half of the protein (fig. 1.). currently, there is strong evidence to implicate 3 of these positions (e2-55, -114, and -172) in virulence (table v). as more recombinant viruses are prepared and analyzed, the eviden ... | 1989 | 2544083 |
| palmitylation of viral membrane glycoproteins takes place after exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. | palmitylation of vesicular stomatitis virus g and sindbis virus e1 glycoproteins has been studied in relation to the transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) to the golgi complex. incubation of infected cells at 15 degrees c prevents the transport of newly synthesized membrane proteins from the er to the golgi (saraste, j., and kuismanen, e. (1984) cell 38, 535-549). in these conditions, also palmitylation of g protein and of e1 glycoprotein is blocked. when the transport is restored by inc ... | 1989 | 2545712 |
| the effect of e1 mutations on biochemical transformation by an adenovirus carrying the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in region e3. | a series of human adenovirus type 5 (ad5) vectors has been constructed in which a vector containing the human herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene has been recombined with several ad5 early region 1 (e1) mutants. the resulting viruses were used to study host-virus interactions in tk- rat cells and to examine the importance of e1 functions in a biochemical transformation assay. one of the most important parameters affecting transformation efficiency in this system was the cytotoxicity ... | 1989 | 2546332 |
| chromatin structure and transcriptional regulation of human papillomavirus type 18 dna in hela cells. | mapping analysis of the nucleosomal organization of integrated human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) dna in hela cells reveals a very prominent nuclease-hypersensitive site within the viral noncoding regulatory region that harbors transcriptional control sequences and coincides with most of the 5' ends of the cytoplasmic early mrnas. moreover, it is shown that the conserved coamplified 5' cellular flank, common to all hpv18 copies in hela cells and located close to the virus-cell integration site ... | 1989 | 2548528 |
| genetic and phenotypic studies on ross river virus variants of enhanced virulence selected during mouse passage. | we have passaged ross river virus (rrv) in mice to generate variants with increased mouse virulence and attempted to relate changes in virulence to genome sequence changes. rrv nbo (zero passage in mice) is a plaque-purified clone of the mouse-avirulent strain rrv nb5092, and is of low virulence for day-old mice. during rrv nbo replication in infant mice, its virulence for day-old mice increased markedly with time. by 7 days postinfection the ld50 value of harvested virus (passage level one) was ... | 1989 | 2552654 |
| characterization of cdnas of spliced hpv-11 e2 mrna and other hpv mrnas recovered via retrovirus-mediated gene transfer. | human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are associated with hyperproliferations of cutaneous or mucosal epithelium. these viruses cannot be propagated in any cell culture system. because cloning cdna copies of hpv mrnas recovered from human lesions has met with only very limited success, the characterization of hpv mrnas has been problematic. using the moloney murine leukemia virus vector system (c.l. cepko, b.e. roberts, and r.c. mulligan, 1984, cell 37, 1053-1062), we have recovered cdnas of spliced e2 ... | 1989 | 2552658 |
| the primary structure of major viral rna in a rat cell line transfected with type 47 human papillomavirus dna and the transforming activity of its cdna and e6 gene. | a transformed cell line (rc335) showing higher saturation cell density was obtained from 3y1 cells (a fibroblastic cell line of rat) transfected with dna of human papillomavirus type 47 (hpv-47), an epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated virus, which our laboratory reported previously. the cell line was found to produce a major and several minor species of viral rnas. the primary structure of the major viral rna in rc335 was extensively studied and found to consist of two exons and contain o ... | 1989 | 2556842 |
| biosynthesis, structure, and biological activities of envelope protein gp65 of murine coronavirus. | we have previously shown that gp65 (e3) is a virion structural protein which varies widely in quantity among different strains of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv). in this study, the biosynthetic pathway and possible biological activities of this protein were examined. the glycosylation of gp65 in virus-infected cells was inhibited by tunicamycin but not by monensin, suggesting that it contains an n-glycosidic linkage. glycosylation is cotranslational and appears to be complete before the glycoprotei ... | 1989 | 2556847 |
| comparison of immune response to rubella virus proteins in early and late natural infections. | the immunological response to rubella virus structural proteins was analyzed by immunoprecipitation assay in sera collected in cordoba, argentina, during early convalescence and after remote natural infections. all of the viral structural proteins, the two glycoproteins e1 and e2, and the nucleocapsid c protein, were precipitated by sera obtained from patients soon after infection. by contrast, c reactive antibodies were not detected in sera from remote infections. these results suggest that e1 ... | 1989 | 2578031 |
| epitope-specific antibody response to murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain jhm). | monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to the structural proteins of murine hepatitis virus-4, strain jhm (mhv-4) were used in a competition binding enzyme immunoassay to analyze at the epitope level the antibody response of mice after infection with mhv-4. colonized mice often had pre-existing mhv antibodies directed against epitopes on the e2 glycoprotein, the e1 glycoprotein, and the nucleocapsid protein. these mice generated a secondary antibody response after virus inoculation, reaching peak level ... | 1985 | 2578156 |
| monoclonal antibodies directed to e1 glycoprotein of rubella virus. | we have prepared four monoclonal antibodies to rubella virus e1 glycoprotein. three nonoverlapping antigenic sites were delineated on e1 protein by competitive binding assays. antibodies binding to one site were characterized by high hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titer but poor neutralizing activity. the addition of antiglobulin conferred neutralizing activity. antibodies directed to two other antigenic sites had modest hemolysis inhibition but little or no hi and neutralizing activities. the ... | 1985 | 2578781 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 24s subgenomic messenger rna of a vaccine strain (hpv77) of rubella virus: comparison with a wild-type strain (m33). | a full-length cdna clone for the 24s subgenomic mrna of the vaccine strain (hpv77) of rubella virus has been isolated from a cdna library made from the rnas of infected cells. starting from the first met start codon, the 24s mrna codes for a precursor protein of 1063 amino acids (aa). this precursor encodes a capsid protein of 300 aa, and two envelope proteins, e1 (481 aa) and e2 (282 aa). both the e1 and e2 proteins are preceded by a stretch of 21 hydrophobic aa, characteristic of a signal pept ... | 1989 | 2583526 |
| expression of sindbis virus 26s cdna in spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells, using a baculovirus expression vector. | to study protein processing in an insect spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; sf9) cell line, a 26s cdna encoding the sequence of sindbis virus structural proteins (capsid protein, of 30 kilodaltons [kda]; p62 [the precursor of e3 and e2], of 62 kda; a 6-kda peptide; and the e1 protein, of 56 kda) was inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) adjacent to the polyhedrin promoter. by immunoblot analysis with antisera directed against whole sindbis virus ... | 1989 | 2644447 |
| a bio-engineered rubella e1 antigen. | the major rubella envelope protein, e1, and a segment of it, comprising amino acids 207-353, have been separately expressed as fusion proteins with the igg binding region of staphylococcus aureus protein a in escherichia coli. the proteins carry e1-specific antigenicity recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against whole virus confirming that correct glycosylation is not required for antigenicity. the use of these bioengineered antigens in immunoassays for diagnosis of rubella infection and ... | 1989 | 2647062 |
| baculovirus polyhedrin promoter-directed expression of rubella virus envelope glycoproteins, e1 and e2, in spodoptera frugiperda cells. | to study the capability of spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm; sf9) cells to synthesize and process mature rubella virus (rv) proteins, a cdna encoding the structural envelope glycoproteins, e1 (58 kda) and e2 (42-47 kda) were inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) and expressed during infection under the transcriptional regulation of the polyhedrin gene promoter. by immunoblot analysis with antibodies directed against purified rv, the individual ... | 1989 | 2672567 |
| in vitro and in vivo expression of rubella virus glycoprotein e2: the signal peptide is contained in the c-terminal region of capsid protein. | the 24 subgenomic mrna of rubella virus (rv) specifies a polyprotein which is post-translationally processed to three structural protein species e1, e2, and capsid. e1 and e2 are membrane glycoproteins forming the virion spikes. in the polyprotein, e2 and e1 are both preceded by stretches of uncharged, mainly nonpolar amino acids which probably function as signal peptides mediating translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum. we have previously shown that translocation of e1 is reinitiated by a ... | 1989 | 2683361 |
| detection of rubella virus antigen by one-step time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay and by enzyme immunoassay. | a one-step time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (tr-fia) and a conventional two-step enzyme immunoassay (eia) for the detection of rubella virus antigen were developed. two noncompetitive mouse monoclonal antibodies reactive with epitopes on the e1 polypeptide of rubella virus served as immunoreagents. one of the monoclones (7a6) was used for coating the solid phase, and the other (2c3) was labeled with either europium chelate or with horseradish peroxidase. for tr-fia, the specimen was incubated sim ... | 1989 | 2693609 |
| low ph-dependent sindbis virus-induced fusion of bhk cells: differences between strains correlate with amino acid changes in the e1 glycoprotein. | expression of alphavirus glycoproteins on the surface of infected cells leads to cell fusion after exposure to acidic ph. two strains of sindbis virus, ar339 (sv) and neuroadapted sindbis virus (nsv), which differ in virulence for weanling mice, were found to differ in ph-dependent fusion. bhk-21 cells infected with sv fused maximally after shifting to ph 5.4, whereas cells infected with nsv required a lower ph, ph 4.8, for maximal fusion. no difference was noted in the optimal ph for agglutinat ... | 1989 | 2705310 |
| intracellular transport and processing of sindbis virus glycoproteins. | the intracellular transport and processing of sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins were studied in cells infected with sindbis virus using the mannose-specific enzyme, endoglycosidase h (endo h). in pulse/chase labeling experiments of hamster cells with [35s]methionine, sindbis glycoproteins pe2 and e1 became endo h resistant in two steps at 12.5 and 20.0 min after a 5-min pulse, suggesting that the glycoproteins required this period of time to be transported to the golgi compartments containing ... | 1989 | 2718376 |
| [use of probes containing cloned genes of the karelian fever virus in detecting viral genetic material in infected cells by a molecular hybridization method]. | two plasmid dna-probes containing dna-replicas of kfv genes (clone 1-protein e1 gene, clone 9--proteins e1 and p1 genes of kfv) were used for detection of the genetic material of karelian fever virus (kfv) in the infected cells and study of the time course of accumulation of virus-specific rnas in the process of infection. the detection was performed by the method of rna:dna dot-hybridization. both probes were hybridized with kfv and sindbis virus rna in equal amounts--5 x 10(2) infected cells a ... | 1989 | 2728408 |
| nucleotide sequence of capsid, e2 and e1 protein genes of rubella virus vaccine strain ra27/3. | | 1989 | 2740235 |
| sindbis virus ts103 has a mutation in glycoprotein e2 that leads to defective assembly of virions. | sindbis virus mutant ts103 is aberrant in the assembly of virus particles. during virus budding, proper nucleocapsid-glycoprotein interactions fail to occur such that particles containing many nucleocapsids are formed, and the final yield of virus is low. we have determined that a mutation in the external domain of glycoprotein e2, ala-344----val, is the change that leads to this phenotype. mapping was done by making recombinant viruses between ts103 and a parental strain of the virus, using a f ... | 1989 | 2746736 |
| immune responses to wild and vaccine rubella viruses after rubella vaccination. | antibody responses to individual structural proteins (e1, e2, and c) of the m33 wild rubella virus and the ra 27/3 live attenuated rubella strain were assayed by immunoblotting in 11 girls, following immunization with ra 27/3 rubella vaccine. serum samples were drawn before immunization and at 10 days, 1 month, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years afterwards. all the subjects showed antibodies to e1 glycoprotein of both the virus strains up to three years after immunization, indicating the importance of ... | 1989 | 2764728 |
| intracellular synthesis and processing of the structural glycoproteins of turkey enteric coronavirus. | pulse labeling of cells with [35s]methionine or [3h]glucosamine at different times after infection, followed by sds-page and western immunoblotting analysis using rabbit anti-tcv hyperimmune serum, was used to resolve and identify tcv-induced intracellular proteins. the viral structural proteins (gp 200, gp 140/gp 66, gp 100/gp 120, p 52, and gp 24/p 20) were detected in radiolabeled cell extracts by 9 to 12 hours post-infection, as well as two possible non-structural proteins with apparent mol. ... | 1989 | 2774975 |
| biosynthesis, membrane translocation, and surface expression of sindbis virus e1 glycoprotein. | sindbis virus glycoproteins pe2 (precursor of e2) and e1 are coded in this order by the same monocistronic mrna, cotranslationally inserted in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and then transported to the cell surface where the progeny virus is released by budding. in the virion, three e1 plus three e2 molecules form hexameric spike complexes. previous work (s. bonatti, g. migliaccio, g. blobel, and p. walter (1984), eur. j. biochem. 140, 499-502) revealed a single signal sequence for cotransla ... | 1989 | 2806407 |
| a specific transmembrane domain of a coronavirus e1 glycoprotein is required for its retention in the golgi region. | the e1 glycoprotein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus contains a short, glycosylated amino-terminal domain, three membrane-spanning domains, and a long carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain. we show that e1 expressed from cdna is targeted to the golgi region, as it is in infected cells. e1 proteins with precise deletions of the first and second or the second and third membrane-spanning domains were glycosylated, thus suggesting that either the first or third transmembrane domain ... | 1987 | 2821010 |
| reindeer papillomavirus transforming properties correlate with a highly conserved e5 region. | a papillomavirus was isolated from the epithelial layer of a cutaneous fibropapilloma on a swedish reindeer (rangifer tarandus). reindeer papillomavirus (rpv) is morphologically indistinguishable from other papillomaviruses, but the restriction enzyme cleavage pattern of its genome is different. no sequence homology was detected between rpv dna and the dnas of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and avian papillomavirus when hybridization was performed under stringent conditions. however, the r ... | 1987 | 2822949 |
| induction of alpha interferon by transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus: role of transmembrane glycoprotein e1. | epithelial cells infected with the coronavirus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and fixed by glutaraldehyde induced a high alpha interferon (ifn-alpha) production in nonimmune porcine as well as human or bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). ifn-alpha was detected as early as 3 h after exposure of pbmc to infected cells and at producer/inducer cell ratios as low as 1/1. two of four monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral transmembrane glycoprotein e1 could block th ... | 1988 | 2824858 |
| messenger rnas from the e1 region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 detected in virus-infected bovine cells. | bovine papillomavirus type 1 dna replicated to a high copy number in virus-infected bovine fibroblasts. infected bovine cells were therefore used as a source of rna for northern blotting analysis to search for viral transcripts hybridizing to the e1 gene region, implicated in viral dna replication. cytoplasmic polyadenylated rna preparations contained at least five different e1-region transcripts, ranging from 1200 to approximately 4500 nucleotides in length. all of these species contained seque ... | 1987 | 2825116 |
| enteric coronavirus tgev: partial sequence of the genomic rna, its organization and expression. | the sequence of the 3'-most 8300 nucleotides of the genome rna of the purdue-115 strain of the transmissible gastroenteritis virus tgev, a porcine coronavirus, was determined from cdna clones. the available sequence corresponds to the part of the genome (total length greater than 20 kb) expressed through subgenomic mrnas. the 5 subgenomic and the genomic rna species detected in tgev-infected cells form a 3'-coterminal 'nested' structure, a unique feature of coronaviridae. the transcription initi ... | 1987 | 2825819 |
| expression of the e1 gene of mouse hepatitis virus (mhv a59) in vivo and in vitro. | | 1987 | 2829574 |
| phorbol diester-inducible, cyclosporine-suppressible transcription from a novel promoter within the mouse mammary tumor virus env gene. | the mouse t-cell lymphoma cell line el4.e1 constitutively synthesizes mouse mammary tumor virus (mmtv) transcripts encoding either the entire proviral genome or segments of it. in addition to these conventional mrnas, however, an mrna of about 1 kilobase accumulates after induction of these cells with phorbol myristate acetate (pma). the accumulation of this transcript is strongly inhibited by the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporin a. its pattern of induction by pma and suppression by cyclospor ... | 1988 | 2831399 |
| genome sequences of a mouse-avirulent and a mouse-virulent strain of ross river virus. | the nucleotide sequence of the genomic rna of a mouse-avirulent strain of ross river virus, rrv nb5092 (isolated in 1969), has been determined and the corresponding sequence for the prototype mouse-virulent strain, rrv t48 (isolated in 1959), has been completed. the rrv nb5092 genome is approximately 11,674 nucleotides in length, compared with 11,853 nucleotides for rrv t48. rrv nb5092 and rrv t48 have the same genome organization. for both viruses an untranslated region of 80 nucleotides at the ... | 1988 | 2833022 |
| abundant expression of herpes simplex virus glycoprotein gb using an adenovirus vector. | herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein b (gb) is a major component of infected cell membranes and virion envelopes. glycoprotein b is known to be essential for entry of viruses into cells and may play important roles in virus-induced cell fusion and other alterations in cell morphology. in order to study the biochemical and immunological properties of gb in isolation from other hsv-1 polypeptides we have constructed human adenovirus vectors capable of expressing high levels of gb. the ... | 1988 | 2834864 |
| rna recombination of murine coronaviruses: recombination between fusion-positive mouse hepatitis virus a59 and fusion-negative mouse hepatitis virus 2. | it has previously been shown that the murine coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) undergoes rna recombination at a relatively high frequency in both tissue culture and infected animals. thus far, all of the recombination sites had been localized at the 5' half of the rna genome. we have now performed a cross between mhv-2, a fusion-negative murine coronavirus, and a temperature-sensitive mutant of the a59 strain of mhv, which is fusion positive at the permissive temperature. by selecting fusi ... | 1988 | 2835504 |
| molecular analysis of sindbis virus pathogenesis in neonatal mice by using virus recombinants constructed in vitro. | genetic loci affecting sindbis virus pathogenesis in neonatal mice have been examined by using a full-length cdna clone of the virus (toto1101). the full-length cdna is linked to a bacteriophage sp6 promoter to facilitate the synthesis of infectious rna transcripts in vitro. virus derived from toto1101 showed reduced virulence (attenuation) in neonatal mice. replacement of the e1 glycoprotein and 6k genes of toto1101 with cloned e1 and 6k genes derived from a virulent sindbis virus strain, ar339 ... | 1988 | 2835514 |
| sequence of the region coding for virion proteins c and e2 and the carboxy terminus of the nonstructural proteins of rubella virus: comparison with alphaviruses. | the sequence of the 3' 4508 nucleotides (nt) of the genomic rna of the therien strain of rubella virus (rv) was determined for cdna clones. the sequence contains a 3189-nt open reading frame (orf) which codes for the structural proteins c, e2 and e1. c is predicted to have a length of 300 amino acids (aa). the n-terminal half of the c protein is highly basic and hydrophilic in nature, and is putatively the region of the protein which interacts with the virion rna. at the c terminus of the c prot ... | 1988 | 2836271 |
| site of addition of n-acetyl-galactosamine to the e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus-a59. | by pulse-chase labeling with [35s]methionine and long-term labeling with 3h-sugars, the e1 glycoprotein of coronavirus mhv-a59 has been shown to acquire o-linked oligosaccharides in a two-step process. about 10 min after synthesis of the e1 protein, n-acetyl-galactosamine was added. this was followed approximately 10 min later by the addition of both galactose and sialic acid to give the mature oligosaccharides. this sequence of additions was confirmed by analyzing the 3h-labeled oligosaccharide ... | 1988 | 2836431 |
| molecular basis of sindbis virus neurovirulence in mice. | we examined a variety of strains of sindbis virus for the genetic changes responsible for differences in neurovirulence in mice. sv1a (a low passage of the ar339 strain of sindbis virus), a neuroadapted sindbis virus (nsv), and two laboratory strains of sindbis virus (hrsp and toto1101) were examined. nsv causes severe encephalomyelitis with hind-limb paralysis and high mortality after intracerebral inoculation in weanling mice. in contrast, sv1a causes only mild, nonfatal disease in weanling mi ... | 1988 | 2836615 |
| molecular characterization of three erbb transducing viruses generated during avian leukosis virus-induced erythroleukemia: extensive internal deletion near the kinase domain activates the fibrosarcoma- and hemangioma-inducing potentials of erbb. | three new erbb transducing viruses generated during avian leukosis virus-induced erythroblastosis have been cloned and sequenced, and their transforming abilities have been analyzed. provirus 9134 e1 expresses an amino-terminally truncated erbb product that is analogous to the proviral insertionally activated c-erbb gag-erbb fusion product. this virus efficiently induces erythroblastosis, but does not transform fibroblasts in vitro or induce sarcomas in vivo. in contrast, virus 9134 s3 expresses ... | 1988 | 2836624 |
| the product of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 modulator gene (m) is a phosphoprotein. | the m gene of bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been genetically defined as encoding a trans-acting product which negatively regulates bovine papillomavirus type 1 replication and is important for establishment of stable plasmids in transformed cells. the gene for this regulatory protein has been mapped in part to the 5' portion of the largest open reading frame (e1) in the virus. we constructed a trpe-e1 fusion gene and expressed this gene in escherichia coli. rabbits were immunized with purifie ... | 1988 | 2836626 |
| limited efficacy of inhibitors of herpes simplex virus dna synthesis in murine models of recrudescent disease. | the herpesvirus dna polymerase inhibitor foscarnet, applied topically, and the anti-herpesvirus guanosine analogue buciclovir, given orally, decreased virus replication and disease development in primary skin infections of mice caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). if the same tissues were infected via sensory nerves, following zosteriform spread of the virus the same treatments showed strongly decreased efficacy, or were inefficacious, when started before development of clinical signs ... | 1988 | 2838569 |
| antigenic differentiation between transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine and a related porcine respiratory coronavirus. | the antigenic relationship between a recently isolated porcine respiratory coronavirus (tlm 83) and transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus of swine was studied by neutralization, immunoblotting and radioimmunoassay (ria) using tge virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antibodies specific for both viruses. a complete two-way neutralization activity between the two viruses was found. immunoblotting revealed cross-reactions between tlm 83 and tge virus antigens at the level ... | 1988 | 2839605 |
| the amino-terminal signal peptide on the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus matrix protein is not an absolute requirement for membrane translocation and glycosylation. | cdna clones mapping within the first 2601 bases of the 3' end of the porcine transmissible gastroenteritis corona-virus (tgev) genome were sequenced by the method of maxam and gilbert and an open reading frame yielding a protein having properties of the matrix (m or e1) protein was identified. it is positioned at the 5' side of the nucleocapsid (n) gene from which it is separated by an intergenic stretch of 12 bases. the deduced m protein comprises 262 amino acids, has a molecular weight of 29,5 ... | 1988 | 2841792 |
| membrane integration and intracellular transport of the coronavirus glycoprotein e1, a class iii membrane glycoprotein. | the e1-glycoprotein (mr = 26,014; 228 amino acids) of mouse hepatitis virus a59 is a class iii membrane glycoprotein which has been used in this study as a model system in the study of membrane integration and protein transport. the protein lacks an nh2-terminal cleavable signal sequence and spans the viral membrane three times. hydrophobic domains i and iii could serve as signal sequences for cotranslational membrane integration. domain i alone was sufficient to translocate the hydrophilic nh2 ... | 1988 | 2844793 |
| translocation of rubella virus glycoprotein e1 into the endoplasmic reticulum. | rubella virus (rv) contains four structural proteins, c (capsid), e2a, e2b, and e1, which are derived from posttranslational processing of a single polyprotein precursor, p110. c protein is nonglycosylated and is thought to interact with rv rna to form a nucleocapsid. e1 and e2 are membrane glycoproteins that form the spike complexes located on the virion exterior. two different e1 cdnas were used to analyze the requirements for translocation of e1 into the endoplasmic reticulum. analysis of exp ... | 1988 | 2845137 |
| interactions between coronavirus nucleocapsid protein and viral rnas: implications for viral transcription. | the interaction of the mouse hepatitis virus (mhv) nucleocapsid protein (n) and viral rna was examined. monoclonal antibody specific for n protein coimmunoprecipitated mhv genomic rna as well as all six mhv subgenomic mrnas found in mhv-infected cells. in contrast, monoclonal antibodies to the mhv e2 or e1 envelope glycoproteins, an anti-i-a monoclonal antibody, and serum samples from lupus patients did not immunoprecipitate the mhv mrnas. moreover, the anti-n monoclonal antibody did not coimmun ... | 1988 | 2845140 |
| a viral-cellular junction fragment from a human papillomavirus type 16-positive tumor is competent in transformation of nih 3t3 cells. | a 4.4-kilobase dna fragment (t4.4) from a human tumor (comprising part of the human papillomavirus type 16 e6 promoter; the e6, e7, and part of the e1 open reading frames; and cellular sequences) was found to be competent to fully transform nih 3t3 cells. this competency resides in the whole hybrid dna fragment, since the separate viral or cellular dna sequences were not active. abundant e6-e7 transcripts were found in the transformed cells. when the cellular fragments were substituted with poly ... | 1988 | 2845153 |