| molecular characterization of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 associated with a 1999 epizootic in white-tailed deer in the eastern united states. | during the autumn of 1999 (mid-august-late september), an outbreak of hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) caused by epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (ehdv-1) occurred along the east coast of the united states from georgia to new jersey. an ehdv-1 epizootic of such magnitude had not been described in this region since 1975. to determine the genetic relatedness among the 1999 viruses, as well as among additional ehdv-1 isolates from the eastern and weste ... | 2006 | 17092892 |
| an improved, high-throughput method for detection of bluetongue virus rna in culicoides midges utilizing infrared-dye-labeled primers for reverse transcriptase pcr. | a new rapid (less than 6h from insect-to-results) high-throughput assay that is sensitive and specific for detecting btv rna in culicoides biting midges is reported. homogenization and extraction of nucleic acids from individual culicoides specimens were performed in a 96-well plate format using specialized beads in a homogenization buffer compatible with cell culture and rna extraction. a portion of homogenate (10%) from each specimen was retained for confirmatory infectious virus isolation, wh ... | 2007 | 17187871 |
| a duplex rt-pcr assay for detection of genome segment 7 (vp7 gene) from 24 btv serotypes. | since 1998, six distinct serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) have invaded southern and central europe, persisting in some regions for up to 6 years and resulting in the deaths of >1.8 million sheep. rapid and reliable methods of virus detection and identification play an essential part in our fight against bluetongue disease (bt). we have therefore developed and evaluated a duplex, one-step rt-pcr assay that detects genome segment 7 (encoding the major serogroup (virus-species) specific antigen ... | 2007 | 17241676 |
| serological survey for potential disease agents of free-ranging cervids in six selected national parks from germany. | a total of 164 blood samples, collected from free-ranging red deer (cervus elaphus), roe deer (capreolus capreolus) and fallow deer (dama dama) in six german national parks (np) between 2000 and 2002, were assayed for antibodies against nine viral disease agents. antibodies were only detected against the alpha-herpesviruses; specifically, bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) (22 of 157, 14%), cervid herpesvirus-1 (17 of 157, 10.8%), and caprine herpesvirus-1 (11 of 159, 6.9%). titers ranged from 4 to 10 ... | 2006 | 17255452 |
| serologic survey for pathogens potentially affecting pronghorn (antilocapra americana) fawn recruitment in arizona, usa. | during the 1990s, pronghorn (antilocapra americana) populations declined in arizona, usa. to investigate potential causes of decline, we collected blood samples from hunter-harvested male pronghorn from 2001 to 2003 on four arizona sites. sera were tested for antibody to parainfluenza virus type 3 (pi3), bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and chlamydia psitta ... | 2006 | 17255453 |
| evolutionary dynamics and spatial genetic structure of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in the eastern united states. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a significant pathogen of wild and domestic ungulates worldwide. in north america, serotype ehdv-2 is responsible for the majority of outbreaks, which are most commonly observed in white-tailed deer. a recent study by murphy et al. [murphy, m.d., howerth, e.w., maclachlan, n.j., stallknecht, d.e., 2005. genetic variation among epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in the southeastern united states: 1978-2001. infect. genet. evol. 5, 157-165] examined ... | 2007 | 17543590 |
| epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus type 7 infection in cattle in israel. | | 2008 | 18192658 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| identification of a recombinant dengue virus type 1 with 3 recombination regions in natural populations in guangdong province, china. | using recombination analysis, we identified a recombinant dengue virus type 1 strain, namely, gd23/95, with three recombination regions, located within the sequences of the prm/e junction, ns1, and ns3, respectively. the recombinant dengue virus was further confirmed by phylogenetic analysis based on its recombination and non-recombination regions. this appears to be the first study to confirm the existence of three recombination regions in a single dengue virus isolate and to report recombinati ... | 2008 | 18446424 |
| u.s. concerns over bluetongue. | | 2008 | 18487171 |
| false-positive results obtained when bluetongue virus serotype 1 algeria 2006 was analyzed with a reverse transcription-pcr protocol for detection of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | | 2008 | 18596148 |
| exploratory spatial data analysis of regional seroprevalence of antibodies against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in cattle from illinois and indiana. | to estimate seroprevalence of antibodies against the serogroup of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdvs) and describe spatial distribution of antibodies against ehdv among cattle herds in illinois and western indiana. | 2008 | 18828684 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in cattle, western turkey. | in 2007, an outbreak of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) occurred in turkey. on the basis of clinical investigation, 41 cattle were suspected to have ehd. reverse transcription-pcr and sequence analyses indicated that the virus belonged to ehd virus serotype 6, thus confirming ehd virus infection of cattle in turkey. | 2009 | 19193283 |
| detection of all eight serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) has been associated with bluetongue-like disease in cattle. although u.s. ehdv strains have not been experimentally proven to cause disease in cattle, there is serologic evidence of infection. differentiation of bluetongue virus (btv) and ehdv is necessary because diagnosis of infection caused by these viruses is often confused. the previously developed nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nrt-pcr) test for indigenous ehdv disease is ... | 2009 | 19286501 |
| incidence of hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer is associated with winter and summer climatic conditions. | hemorrhagic disease (hd) is an important vector-borne disease of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). the objective of this study was to determine whether temperature and precipitation were associated with a measure of annual incidence of hd in white-tailed deer from virginia. the annual percentages of deer with hoof wall growth interruptions (a clinical sign of hd) from four climate divisions in the hd endemic area of virginia recorded during 1993-2006 were used as indicators of annual h ... | 2009 | 19430839 |
| initial sequencing and tissue distribution of toll-like receptor 3 mrna in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | toll-like receptor (tlr) 3 recognizes double-stranded rna (dsrna) and activates a signal transduction pathway that results in the release of a variety of chemokines and cytokines and apoptotic activity. variability in tlr3 expression may play an important role in disease susceptibility of white-tailed deer (wtd; odocoileus virginianus) to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses, which are dsrna viruses. because little is known about tlr3 in wtd, our objective was to sequence wtd tlr ... | 2009 | 19617489 |
| multicentric t-cell lymphosarcoma in a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). | an adult female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) with a history of shaking, ataxia, and severe debilitation was submitted for examination. macroscopic lesions included severe emaciation, severe abdominal and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, and several rumen-associated masses. microscopically, the ruminal masses and lymph nodes were infiltrated by pleomorphic neoplastic lymphocytes. similar lymphoblasts were associated with the leptomeninges, choroid plexus, and the intestinal mucosa; these ... | 2009 | 19617490 |
| genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the core proteins vp1, vp3, vp4, vp6 and vp7 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). | the core proteins of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) have important roles to perform in maintaining the structure and function of the virus. a complete genetic and phylogenetic analysis was therefore performed on these proteins (and the genes that code for them) to allow comparison of the selective pressures acting on each. accession numbers, gene and protein sizes, orf positions, g+c contents, terminal hexanucleotides, start and stop codons and phylogenetic relationships are all pre ... | 2009 | 19632280 |
| genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the outer-coat proteins vp2 and vp5 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv): comparison of genetic and serological data to characterise the ehdv serogroup. | the outer-coat proteins, vp2 and vp5, of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) are important for host cell binding during the initiation of infection. they are also known to determine virus serotype. this study presents a complete genetic and phylogenetic analysis of these proteins (and the genes that code for them) to allow comparison of the selective pressures acting on each and the correlation of genetic sequence data with serotype. accession numbers, gene and protein sizes, orf positio ... | 2009 | 19632281 |
| [epizootics in france from 1700 to 1850: a clinical inventory of cattle and sheep]. | | 2001 | 19663072 |
| genetic and phylogenetic analysis of the non-structural proteins ns1, ns2 and ns3 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). | three unique non-structural (ns) proteins are produced by epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) during infection of a host cell; ns1, ns2 and ns3. this study presents a complete genetic and phylogenetic analysis of these proteins (and the genes that code for them) to allow comparison of the selective pressures acting on each. accession numbers, gene and protein sizes, orf positions, g+c contents, terminal hexanucleotides, start and stop codons and phylogenetic relationships are all present ... | 2009 | 19665508 |
| detection of a novel reassortant epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in the usa containing rna segments derived from both exotic (ehdv-6) and endemic (ehdv-2) serotypes. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a culicoides-transmitted orbivirus that infects domestic and wild ruminants and is provisionally thought to be distributed throughout africa, north america, australia, east asia and the middle east. historically, of the seven proposed serotypes of ehdv, only ehdv-1 and ehdv-2 have been reported from north america. in 2006, ehdv isolates were recovered from moribund or dead white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in indiana and illinois that could ... | 2010 | 19828758 |
| the evolution of two homologues of the core protein vp6 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), which correspond to the geographical origin of the virus. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus is a 10-segmented, double-stranded rna virus. when these ten segments of dsrna are run on 1% agarose, eastern (australia, japan) and western (north america, africa, middle-east) strains of the virus can be separated phenotypically based on the migration of genome segments 7-9. in western strains, segments 7-9 are roughly the same size and co-migrate as a single rna band. in eastern strains, segment 9 is smaller, so while segments 7 and 8 co-migrate, the segme ... | 2010 | 19830536 |
| a multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and differentiation of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serogroups. | bluetongue virus (btv) causes disease in domestic and wild ruminants and results in significant economic loss. the closely related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) has been associated with bluetongue-like disease in cattle. although u.s. ehdv strains have not been experimentally proven to cause disease in cattle, there is serologic evidence of infection in cattle. therefore, rapid diagnosis and differentiation of btv and ehdv is required. the genetic sequence information and bioinforma ... | 2009 | 19901276 |
| retrospective evaluation of idiopathic hematuria and associated pathology in grant's gazelles (gazella granti): 10 cases. | ten cases of hematuria in grant's gazelle (gazella granti) (two male and eight female) from five institutions were examined and the clinicopathologic data summarized. five gazelles died spontaneously and five were euthanized. all gazelles had marked hematuria without pyuria. mean age at the onset of clinical signs and time of euthanasia or death was 5.0 +/- 1.4 yr and 8.2 +/- 3.7 yr, respectively. the severity of clinical signs with hematuria ranged from episodes of chronic intermittent hematuri ... | 2009 | 20063809 |
| surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky. | surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ... | 2010 | 20090032 |
| re-emergence of bluetongue, african horse sickness, and other orbivirus diseases. | arthropod-transmitted viruses (arboviruses) are important causes of disease in humans and animals, and it is proposed that climate change will increase the distribution and severity of arboviral diseases. orbiviruses are the cause of important and apparently emerging arboviral diseases of livestock, including bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickness virus (ahsv), equine encephalosis virus (eev), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) that are all transmitted by haematophagous culic ... | 2010 | 20167199 |
| haemorrhagic diathesis in neonatal calves: an emerging syndrome in europe. | in 2008 and 2009 a large number of cases of haemorrhagic diathesis (hd) in neonatal calves were reported in different european countries. in flanders, 84 cases of neonatal hd in 30 herds were reported in this period. the disease typically affects calves younger than 1 month old from different breed and gender. prominent clinical signs are cutaneous bleeding, petechiae on all mucosae, melena and often high fever. early in the disease, the mental state of the animals is uncompromised. the typical ... | 2010 | 20202175 |
| detection of bluetongue virus rna in field-collected culicoides spp. (diptera: ceratopogonidae) following the discovery of bluetongue virus serotype 1 in white-tailed deer and cattle in louisiana. | in november 2004, bluetongue virus (family reoviridae, genus orbivirus, btv) serotype 1 (btv-1) was detected for the first time in the united states from a hunter-killed deer in st. mary parish, la. in 2005, sera surveys were conducted on three cattle farms near the area where the deer was found, and btv-1-seropositive cattle were found on two of the three farms; in 2006, sera surveys from the cattle on the three farms did not detect any btv-1-positive animals. the purpose of this study was to s ... | 2010 | 20380309 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect bluetongue virus in blood samples. | the authors describe a real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to detect bluetongue viruses (btv) in blood samples. the primers and taqman probes used were specific for a conserved region of btv rna segment 5, which encodes non-structural protein ns1. the method was able to detect strains of btv serotypes 2, 4, 9 and 16 isolated in italy, and their respective vaccine strains. the limit of detection was 5.0x10-(3) tcid(50) per ml of sample. the assay did not amplify rna ... | 2007 | 20411502 |
| molecular investigations of orbivirus/vector interactions. | defining predictors for insect-transmitted virus (arbovirus) disease cycles requires an understanding of the molecular interactions between the virus and vector insect. studies of orbiviruses from numerous geographic regions have indicated that virus genes are affected by insect population differences. therefore, the authors have initiated genetic studies of culicoides sonorensis, isolating cdnas for characterisation of differential insect gene expression, as well as a gene discovery project. pr ... | 2004 | 20419697 |
| field-deployable real-time polymerase chain reaction detection of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viral ribonucleic acid. | nucleic acid sequence information from molecular evolution studies of bluetongue virus (btv) and related epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) strains has resulted in a large database of genomic information. published sequence data and sequence data from our laboratory were used to design real-time field-deployable reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of btv or ehdv viral rna. the assays used standard rna extraction and taqman chemistries and the entire ... | 2004 | 20422593 |
| detection and quantitation of bluetongue virus serotypes by a taqman probe-based real-time rt-pcr and differentiation from epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | twenty-four serotypes of bluetongue virus (btv) have been recognized world wide. reliable and quantitative assays of virus universal detection are essential for fighting against bt. a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) with a taqman fluorescence probe has been developed for detection of the ns1 gene of different btv serotypes. in bhk-21 cells, in the assay detected btv1-22 specifically, and had no cross-reactivity with the closely related epizootic hemorrhagic dis ... | 2010 | 20435069 |
| assessment of the productivity effects associated with epizootic hemorrhagic disease in dairy herds. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease is caused by a culicoides-borne orbivirus. in cattle, the disease is characterized by reduced milk production and mortality. recent outbreaks of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in north africa, israel, and turkey increase the risk of its invasion into central and northern europe. an outbreak of ehdv in israel during the fall of 2006 enabled an assessment of the consequent production losses to the dairy cattle industry. reduction in milk production and inv ... | 2010 | 20494156 |
| a serologic investigation of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in cattle and gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa in turkey. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a vector-borne disease of ruminants disseminated in the tropic and subtropic zone of the world. gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa (goitered gazelle) is native species of anatolia. due to risk of extinction, captured gazelles have been taken under protection in a restricted area at ceylanpinar state farm. in this study, the presence of ehdv was investigated serologically in 82 goitered gazelle and 399 cattle. seropositivity rates in goitered gazelle a ... | 2010 | 20521105 |
| the association of winds with the spread of ehdv in dairy cattle in israel during an outbreak in 2006. | winds may play a major role in spread of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). arboviruses like epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bluetongue virus and bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv) frequently cause major outbreaks in israel with a unique pattern of spread. most of these outbreaks begin in the jordan valley, near the sea of galilee and then spread to the north, south and west through the major valleys of israel. the aim of this study was to describe the spread pattern in such an ... | 2010 | 20619907 |
| an improved real-time polymerase chain reaction for the simultaneous detection of all serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a significant pathogen of wild and sometimes domestic ungulates worldwide. rapid and reliable methods for virus detection and identification play an essential part in the control of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd). in the present study, a 1-step real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) group-specific assay was developed. the assay detects genome segment 5 (ns1) from all of the 8 serotypes of ehdv. assay sensitivity was evaluated relative to a co ... | 2010 | 20622230 |
| assessment of bluetongue viraemia in sheep by real-time pcr and correlation with viral infectivity. | inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs is the standard method for the titration of infectious bluetongue virus (btv). here, six rna extraction methods coupled with optimised dsrna denaturation and real-time rt-pcr were evaluated for the quantitation of btv in blood samples from experimentally infected sheep and results were correlated to infectious virus titres. an exogenous dsrna internal control (ic) from the closely related epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was used to assess the ef ... | 2010 | 20691732 |
| effects of ivermectin on the susceptibility of culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) to bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses. | | 2009 | 20836819 |
| rt-pcr assays for seven serotypes of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus & their use to type strains from the mediterranean region and north america. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) infects wild ruminants, causing a frequently fatal haemorrhagic disease. however, it can also cause bluetongue-like disease in cattle, involving significant levels of morbidity and mortality, highlighting a need for more rapid and reliable diagnostic assays. ehdv outer-capsid protein vp2 (encoded by genome-segment 2 [seg-2]) is highly variable and represents the primary target for neutralising antibodies generated by the mammalian host. consequently vp ... | 2010 | 20862243 |
| climate, landscape, and the risk of orbivirus exposure in cattle in illinois and western indiana. | climate and environmental data were used to estimate the risk of testing positive for antibodies to bluetongue (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdv) in cattle in illinois and western indiana over three transmission seasons (2000-2002). the risks of btv and ehdv seropositivity were positively associated with temperature during every year of the study. the ehdv seropositivity was also positively associated with forest patchiness in two of the years. during 2002, a year with unusua ... | 2010 | 20889866 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease outbreak in a captive facility housing white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), bison (bison bison), elk (cervus elaphus), cattle (bos taurus), and goats (capra hircus) in colorado, u.s.a. | an ungulate research facility in fort collins, colorado, u.s.a., experienced mortality in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) because of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) infection from 20 august 2007 through 26 september 2007. epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation from the spleen and lung tissues of two white-tailed deer. virus neutralization tests were performed on pre- and postoutbreak ser ... | 2010 | 20945651 |
| no evidence for involvement of sheep in the epidemiology of cattle virulent epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is an orbivirus. while not previously considered as an important disease in cattle, several ehdv serotypes (ehdv-6 and 7) have recently been implicated in disease outbreaks. the involvement of sheep in the epidemiology of ehdv is still not understood. in this study we compared the prevalence of antibodies to ehdv and bluetongue virus (btv) in sheep to their prevalence in cattle after an outbreak of ehdv that occurred in israel during 2006. sixty-six she ... | 2010 | 20956061 |
| comparison of the epidemiology of epizootic haemorrhagic disease and bluetongue viruses in dairy cattle in israel. | an outbreak of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in cattle in israel in 2006 enabled a comparison of the spatial distribution of epidemic exposure to ehdv with that of exposure to bluetongue virus (btv), which is endemic in the country. the seroprevalence of both viruses was examined in 1650 serum samples collected from 139 farms representative of the spatial distribution of dairy cattle in israel. a significant association between exposure to ehdv and btv was demonstrated in both univ ... | 2010 | 21093328 |
| orbiviruses in rusa deer, mauritius, 2007. | | 2011 | 21291618 |
| saliva proteins of vector culicoides modify structure and infectivity of bluetongue virus particles. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) are related orbiviruses, transmitted between their ruminant hosts primarily by certain haematophagous midge vectors (culicoides spp.). the larger of the btv outer-capsid proteins, 'vp2', can be cleaved by proteases (including trypsin or chymotrypsin), forming infectious subviral particles (isvp) which have enhanced infectivity for adult culicoides, or kc cells (a cell-line derived from c. sonorensis). we demonstrate that vp2 ... | 2011 | 21423801 |
| gamma-irradiation of serum for the inactivation of adventitious contaminants. | assurance of viral and mycoplasma safety in biopharmaceuticals is best achieved through elimination of animal-derived materials from the manufacturing process. where this is not possible, the risk of introducing a contaminant through use of the material must be assessed and mitigated. bovine-sourced serum represents an animal-derived material that is required for certain biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes. gamma-irradiation of frozen bovine serum was investigated as an approach for mitiga ... | 2010 | 21502047 |
| epizootic heamorragic disease. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) is an infectious non-contagious viral disease transmitted by insects of the genus culicoides which affects wild and domestic ruminants. the causative agent, the epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), belongs to the family reoviridae, genus orbivirus and shares many morphological and structural characteristics with the other members of the genus such as bluetongue, african horse sickness and equine encephalosis viruses. in recent years ehd outbreaks have ... | 2011 | 21665237 |
| infection kinetics of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 in holstein-friesian cattle. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 (ehdv-6) has recently caused serious outbreaks of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) on the edges of europe, in turkey, israel and morocco. the aim of this study was to assess the pathogenicity and infection kinetics of ehd in holstein-friesian cattle infected with the two distinct strains of ehdv-6 isolated from the recent turkish and moroccan outbreaks. samples taken throughout the study were used to validate two recently developed diagnostic a ... | 2011 | 21767921 |
| common, emerging, vector-borne and infrequent abortogenic virus infections of cattle. | this review deals with the aetiology and the diagnosis of bovine viral abortion. while the abortion rates on beef and dairy cattle farms usually do not exceed 10%, significant economic losses because of abortion storms may be encountered. determining the cause of abortions is usually a challenge, and it generally remains obscure in more than 50% of the necropsy submitted foetuses. bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus-1 are the most common viruses causally associated with bovine ab ... | 2011 | 21733134 |
| Temperature dependence of the extrinsic incubation period of orbiviruses in culicoides biting midges. | The rate at which viruses replicate and disseminate in competent arthropod vectors is limited by the temperature of their environment, and this can be an important determinant of geographical and seasonal limits to their transmission by arthropods in temperate regions. | 2011 | 22125649 |
| rna segment 9 exists as a duplex concatemer in an australian strain of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv): genetic analysis and evidence for the presence of concatemers as a normal feature of orbivirus replication. | this paper reports a concatemeric rna in a strain of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 5. sequencing showed that the concatemeric rna contains two identical full-length copies of genome segment 9, arranged in series, which has apparently replaced the monomeric form of the segment. in vitro translation demonstrated that the concatemeric rna can act as a viable template for vp6 translation, but that no double-sized protein is produced. studies were also performed to assess wheth ... | 2011 | 21968198 |
| co-circulation of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses in cattle in reunion island. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in deer have already been isolated in reunion island and have caused more or less severe clinical signs in cattle (ehdv) or in sheep (btv), as observed in 2003. in january 2009, cattle in reunion island showed clinical signs suggesting infection by one or the other of these arboviral diseases. a study was set up to determine the etiology of the disease. analysis by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) perf ... | 2011 | 22005178 |
| animal diseases caused by orbiviruses, algeria. | antibodies against bluetongue virus were detected in cattle, sheep, goats, and camels in algeria in 2008. antibodies against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus were detected in cattle, but antibodies against african horse sickness virus were not detected in horses and mules. epizootic hemorrhagic disease in northern africa poses a major risk for the european union. | 2011 | 22172371 |
| Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus infection of type I interferon receptor deficient mice. | Type I interferon receptor deficient (IFNAR(-/-)) mice were infected with an Israeli isolate of serotype 7 of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV; Orbivirus, Reoviridae). Two out of two mice that received 5×10(5) 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID(50)) by intraperitoneal injection died or were euthanized in a moribund state on day 5 after infection. One mouse out of three that had been inoculated with 5×10(2) TCID(50) died on day 7 while the remaining mice did not show any clinical ... | 2011 | 21920676 |
| segmental configuration and putative origin of the reassortant orbivirus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6, strain indiana. | in 2006, an exotic reassortant orbivirus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 (ehdv-6) [strain (indiana)], was first detected in the united states. to characterize the reassortment configuration of this virus and to conclusively determine the parental virus of each rna segment, the complete genome of ehdv-6 (indiana) was sequenced, in addition to the genomes of representative ehdv-6 and ehdv-2 isolates. based on genomic comparisons to all other ehdv serotypes, we determined that ehdv- ... | 2012 | 22230700 |
| serosurveillance for livestock pathogens in free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus). | routine disease surveillance has been conducted for decades in mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in california for pathogens shared between wildlife and domestic ruminants that may have implications for the animal production industry and wildlife health. deer sampled from 1990 to 2007 (n = 2,619) were tested for exposure to six pathogens: bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), leptospira spp., anaplasma spp. and brucella spp. we eval ... | 2012 | 23209790 |
| enhanced arbovirus surveillance with deep sequencing: identification of novel rhabdoviruses and bunyaviruses in australian mosquitoes. | viral metagenomics characterizes known and identifies unknown viruses based on sequence similarities to any previously sequenced viral genomes. a metagenomics approach was used to identify virus sequences in australian mosquitoes causing cytopathic effects in inoculated mammalian cell cultures. sequence comparisons revealed strains of liao ning virus (reovirus, seadornavirus), previously detected only in china, livestock-infecting stretch lagoon virus (reovirus, orbivirus), two novel dimarhabdov ... | 2013 | 24314645 |
| characterization of viral communities of biting midges and identification of novel thogotovirus species and rhabdovirus genus. | more than two thirds of emerging viruses are of zoonotic origin, and among them rna viruses represent the majority. ceratopogonidae (genus culicoides) are well-known vectors of several viruses responsible for epizooties (bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease, etc.). they are also vectors of the only known virus infecting humans: the oropouche virus. female midges usually feed on a variety of hosts, leading to possible transmission of emerging viruses from animals to humans. in this context, ... | 2016 | 26978389 |
| full genome sequencing and genetic characterization of eubenangee viruses identify pata virus as a distinct species within the genus orbivirus. | eubenangee virus has previously been identified as the cause of tammar sudden death syndrome (tsds). eubenangee virus (eubv), tilligery virus (tilv), pata virus (patav) and ngoupe virus (ngov) are currently all classified within the eubenangee virus species of the genus orbivirus, family reoviridae. full genome sequencing confirmed that eubv and tilv (both of which are from australia) show high levels of aa sequence identity (>92%) in the conserved polymerase vp1(pol), sub-core vp3(t2) and outer ... | 2012 | 22438872 |
| the reference transcriptome of the adult female biting midge (culicoides sonorensis) and differential gene expression profiling during teneral, blood, and sucrose feeding conditions. | unlike other important vectors such as mosquitoes and sandflies, genetic and genomic tools for culicoides biting midges are lacking, despite the fact that they vector a large number of arboviruses and other pathogens impacting humans and domestic animals world-wide. in north america, female culicoides sonorensis midges are important vectors of bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), orbiviruses that cause significant disease in livestock and wildlife. libraries of ... | 2014 | 24866149 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease in a yak. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) infection was diagnosed in a 3-year-old yak. the yak had signs of intermittent tremors, dysphagia, oral ulcerative lesions, hemorrhagic enteritis, tachypnea, and thrombocytopenia. postmortem diagnostics confirmed ehdv (serotype 2) using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). gross and histopathological results were consistent with ehdv reported in other species. | 0 | 24688138 |
| vector competence of culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) to epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7. | culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) is a vector of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotypes 1 and 2 in north america, where these viruses are well-known pathogens of white-tailed deer (wtd) and other wild ruminants. although historically rare, reports of clinical ehdv infection in cattle have increased in some parts of the world over the past decade. in 2006, an ehdv-7 epizootic in cattle resulted in economic loss for the israeli dairy industry. white-tailed deer are sus ... | 2012 | 23075098 |
| tibet orbivirus, a novel orbivirus species isolated from anopheles maculatus mosquitoes in tibet, china. | the genus orbivirus includes a number of important pathogenic viruses, including bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickness virus (ahsv), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). in this study we describe the isolation and characterization of an orbivirus strain isolated from anopheles maculatus mosquitoes collected in tibet, china. | 2014 | 24533145 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus induces and benefits from cell stress, autophagy, and apoptosis. | the mode and timing of virally induced cell death hold the potential of regulating viral yield, viral transmission, and the severity of virally induced disease. orbiviruses such as the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) are nonenveloped and cytolytic. to date, the death of cells infected with ehdv, the signal transduction pathways involved in this process, and the consequence of their inhibition have yet to be characterized. here, we report that the ibaraki strain of ehdv2 (ehdv2-iba) in ... | 2013 | 24089565 |
| structural protein vp2 of african horse sickness virus is not essential for virus replication in vitro. | the reoviridae family consists of nonenveloped multilayered viruses with a double-stranded rna genome consisting of 9 to 12 genome segments. the orbivirus genus of the reoviridae family contains african horse sickness virus (ahsv), bluetongue virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, which cause notifiable diseases and are spread by biting culicoides species. here, we used reverse genetics for ahsv to study the role of outer capsid protein vp2, encoded by genome segment 2 (seg-2). expansio ... | 2017 | 27903804 |
| a quantitative real-time reverse transcription pcr (qrt-pcr) assay to detect genome segment 9 of all 26 bluetongue virus serotypes. | bluetongue (bt) is an arboviral disease, which can often be fatal in naïve sheep and white tailed deer, but is usually less severe, or unapparent in other ruminants. twenty-six bluetongue virus (btv) serotypes have been recognised so far, two of which (btv-25 and btv-26) were recently identified by phylogenetic comparisons of genome-segment/outer-capsid protein vp2 (subsequently confirmed by serological 'virus-neutralisation' assays). rapid, sensitive, reliable and quantitative diagnostic-assays ... | 2015 | 25486080 |
| analysis of murine b-cell epitopes on bluetongue virus 12 nonstructural protein 1. | the bluetongue virus (btv) ns1 protein is one of the major proteins synthesized during btv infection and is responsible for the generation of virus-specific tubules. although some functional and structural studies on the btv ns1 protein have been reported, there have been no reports describing the linear b-cell epitopes recognized by humoral immune responses published to date. in this study, 25 btv12 ns1-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antisera (polyclonal antibodies, pabs) ... | 2015 | 25343975 |
| sustained high-throughput polymerase chain reaction diagnostics during the european epidemic of bluetongue virus serotype 8. | a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay (pcr test) based on genome segment 10 of bluetongue virus (btv) was developed. the pcr test consists of robotized viral rna isolation from blood samples and an all-in-one method including initial denaturation of genomic double-stranded rna, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and real-time detection and analysis. reference strains of the 24 recognized btv serotypes, isolates from different years, and geograph ... | 2012 | 22529113 |
| bovine arboviruses in culicoides biting midges and sentinel cattle in southern japan from 2003 to 2013. | epizootic congenital abnormalities, encephalomyelitis and febrile illnesses in cattle caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are prevalent in japan. causative viruses including orthobunyaviruses, orbiviruses and rhabdovirus are thought to be transmitted by culicoides biting midges. recently, the incursions of several arboviruses, potentially culicoides-borne, were newly confirmed in japan. however, their spread pattern and exact vector species are currently uncertain. attempts to isolat ... | 2016 | 25597441 |
| picky eaters are rare: dna-based blood meal analysis of culicoides (diptera: ceratopogonidae) species from the united states. | biting midges in the genus culicoides (diptera; ceratopogonidae) have been implicated in the transmission of a number of parasites and highly pathogenic viruses. in north america, the complete transmission cycles of many of these pathogens need further elucidation. one way to increase our knowledge about the evolution and ecology of culicoides species and the pathogens they transmit is to document the diversity of vertebrate hosts that culicoides feed upon. our objective was to identify the dive ... | 2017 | 28376843 |
| the development of a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rrt-pcr) assay using taqman technology for the pan detection of bluetongue virus (btv). | bluetongue virus (btv) is an infectious, non-contagious viral disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is transmitted by adult females of certain culicoides species. since 2006, several serotypes including btv-1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9 and 16, have spread from the mediterranean basin into northern europe for the first time. btv-8 in particular, caused a major epidemic in northern europe. as a result, it is evident that most european countries are at risk of btv infection. the objective of this study w ... | 2017 | 28342740 |
| novel serotype of bluetongue virus in south america and first report of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in ecuador. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) are closely related orbiviruses that affect domestic and wild ruminants. in ecuador previous serological studies reported the presence of btv; however, no data are available about the presence of ehdv. in this study, 295 cattle without symptoms of infection were sampled from two farms located in andean and amazonian regions and from a slaughterhouse in the coastal region. elisa analyses showed high prevalence of btv (98.9%) a ... | 2017 | 28239988 |
| co-evolution in a putative bundling signal of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) possess a genome of 10 segmented rnas (s1-s10), one copy of each of which is considered to be packaged in a virion. this selective packaging is thought to be mediated by supramolecular complex formation of the 10 rnas, through intermolecular base pairing of complementary nucleotide sequences termed the bundling signal. here, the whole genomic sequences of btv and ehdv isolates were analyzed to identify co-evolving pairs of com ... | 2017 | 27853052 |
| generation of infectious rna complexes in orbiviruses: rna-rna interactions of genomic segments. | viruses with segmented rna genomes must package the correct number of segments for synthesis of infectious virus particles. recent studies suggest that the members of the reoviridae family with segmented double-stranded rna genomes achieve this challenging task by forming rna networks of segments prior to their recruitment into the assembling capsid albeit direct evidence is still lacking. here, we investigated the capability of virus recovery by preformed complexes of ten rna segments of epizoo ... | 2016 | 27736800 |
| unusual clinical manifestations in israeli ruminant populations infected with orbiviruses. | orbiviruses, some of which are virulent in ruminant species, are transmitted by blood- sucking insects. they can cause the smallest blood vessels to leak, leading to oedema, which is presented as bluetongue (bt) and/or epizootic haemorrhagic diseases (ehd). other clinical manifestations include big-muscle necrosis, excessive scialorrea, and coronitis. pathology and laboratory testing can con rm the involvement of orbivirus. bluetongue infection in naïve sheep can elicit the 'classical signs' of ... | 2016 | 27723046 |
| generation of virus like particles for epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is a distinct species within the genus orbivirus, within the family reoviridae. the epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus genome comprises ten segments of linear, double stranded (ds) rna, which are packaged within each virus particle. the ehdv virion has a three layered capsid-structure, generated by four major viral proteins: vp2 and vp5 (outer capsid layer); vp7 (intermediate, core-surface layer) and vp3 (innermost, sub-core layer). although ehdv infec ... | 2016 | 27473984 |
| serological study of exposure to selected arthropod-borne pathogens in european bison (bison bonasus) in poland. | bison bonasus is an indigenous species of central and eastern europe with the largest wild population inhabiting białowieża primeval forest; however, free-living and captive european bison are reared in many countries around the world. despite that the european bison was rescued from the extinction after the first world war, it remains as endangered species. changing environment as well as human activity may have contributed to the observed increase of the risk of the emergence and re-emergence ... | 2016 | 27291825 |
| molecular evolution of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses in north america based on historical isolates using motif fingerprints. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is an orbivirus of the reoviridae family that has significant impact on wild and captive white-tailed deer. although closely related to bluetongue virus that can cause disease in sheep and cattle, north american ehdv historically has not been associated with disease in cattle or sheep. severe disease in cattle has been reported with other ehdv strains from east asia and the middle east. to understand the potential role of viral genetics in the epidemiol ... | 2016 | 27107856 |
| development of real-time rt-pcr assays for detection and typing of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is an emerging arboviral pathogen of wild and domestic ruminants worldwide. it is closely related to bluetongue virus (btv) and is transmitted by adult females of competent culicoides vector species. the ehdv genome consists of ten linear double-stranded (ds)rna segments, encoding five non-structural and seven structural proteins. genome-segment reassortment contributes to a high level of genetic variation in individual virus strains, particularly in t ... | 2016 | 26888716 |
| generation of virus-like particles for emerging epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus: towards the development of safe vaccine candidates. | epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) is an insect-transmitted pathogen which causes high mortality in deer populations and may also cause high morbidity in cattle. ehdv belongs to the orbivirus genus and is closely related to the prototype bluetongue virus (btv). to date seven distinct serotypes have been recognized. however, a live-attenuated vaccine is commercially available against only one serotype namely ehdv-2, which has been responsible for multiple outbreaks in north america, cana ... | 2016 | 26805595 |
| expression of interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6 in white-tailed deer infected with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | the pathogenesis of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd) in white‑tailed deer (wtd) may be related to factors other than direct viral damage caused by replication in endothelium, such as the release of cytokines. this study focused on interleukin‑1 β (il‑1) and interleukin‑6 (il‑6), which have been shown to be variably upregulated in bluetongue virus (btv) infected cattle and sheep endothelial cultures possibly explaining species susceptibility to btv. we evaluated circulating and tissue levels ... | 2016 | 26741245 |
| cytokine release and endothelial dysfunction: a perfect storm in orbivirus pathogenesis. | although bluetongue viruses (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses (ehdv) are closely related, there are differences in susceptibility to these viruses both between and within a species. white‑tailed deer are susceptible to disease by both btv and ehdv, sheep are susceptible to btv, but resistant to ehdv, and cattle can be infected with both viruses but disease is usually subclinical. host genetics probably play a role in the disease outcome, but cytokine and endothelial responses are ... | 2016 | 26741244 |
| molecular evolution of american field strains of bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease viruses. | recent orbivirus occurrences in the americas have been investigated using whole genome amplification and sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. the bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) whole genomes were amplified without prior sequence knowledge and deep sequenced. this technology was applied to evaluate btv‑3 isolates spanning 4 decades from florida, arkansas, mississippi, south dakota, central america, and the caribbean basin. the results of the datase ... | 2016 | 26741243 |
| inter-laboratory evaluation of the performance parameters of a lateral flow test device for the detection of bluetongue virus-specific antibodies. | bluetongue (bt) is a viral vector-borne disease affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. in this study, a commercial rapid immuno-chromatographic method or lateral flow test (lft) device, for the detection of bt virus-specific antibodies in animal serum, was evaluated in an international inter-laboratory proficiency test. the evaluation was done with sera samples of variable background (ruminant species, serotype, field samples, experimental infections, vaccinated animals). the diagnosti ... | 2016 | 26687976 |
| management of north american culicoides biting midges: current knowledge and research needs. | culicoides biting midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) are biological vectors of two important viruses impacting north american ruminants--bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). these viruses have been identified for over 60 years in north america, but we still lack an adequate understanding of the basic biology and ecology of the confirmed vector, culicoides sonorensis, and know even less about other putative culicoides vector species. the major gaps in our knowledg ... | 2015 | 26086558 |
| transmission and epidemiology of bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in north america: current perspectives, research gaps, and future directions. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) are arthropod-transmitted viruses in the genus orbivirus of the family reoviridae. these viruses infect a variety of domestic and wild ruminant hosts, although the susceptibility to clinical disease associated with btv or ehdv infection varies greatly among host species, as well as between individuals of the same species. since their initial detection in north america during the 1950s, these viruses have circulated in endemic ... | 2015 | 26086556 |
| a review of knowledge gaps and tools for orbivirus research. | although recognized as causing emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks worldwide since the late 1800 s, there has been growing interest in the united states and europe in recent years in orbiviruses, their insect vectors, and the diseases they cause in domestic livestock and wildlife. this is due, in part, to the emergence of bluetongue (bt) in northern europe in 2006-2007 resulting in a devastating outbreak, as well as severe bt outbreaks in sheep and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) outb ... | 2015 | 26086555 |
| orbiviruses: a north american perspective. | orbiviruses are members of the reoviridae family and include bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). these viruses are the cause of significant regional disease outbreaks among livestock and wildlife in the united states, some of which have been characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. competent vectors are clearly present in most regions of the globe; therefore, all segments of production livestock are at risk for serious disease outbreaks. animals wi ... | 2015 | 26086554 |
| simultaneous detection of five notifiable viral diseases of cattle by single-tube multiplex real-time rt-pcr. | multiplexed real-time pcr (qpcr) assays enable the detection of several target genes in a single reaction, which is applicable for simultaneous testing for the most important viral diseases in samples obtained from ruminants with unspecific clinical symptoms. here, reverse transcription qpcr (rt-qpcr) systems for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bluetongue virus (btv) were combined with an internal control system based on the beta-actin gene. additionally, a background sc ... | 2015 | 25746154 |
| genetic characterization of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus strains isolated from cattle in israel. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), a member of the genus orbivirus not reported previously in israel, was isolated from israeli cattle during a 'bluetongue-like' disease outbreak in 2006. to ascertain the origin of this new virus, three isolates from the outbreak were fully sequenced and compared with available sequences. whilst the l2 gene segment clustered with the australian ehdv serotype 7 (ehdv-7) reference strain, most of the other segments were clustered with ehdv isolates of afr ... | 2015 | 25701817 |
| apparent increase of reported hemorrhagic disease in the midwestern and northeastern usa. | we investigated temporal and spatial trends in reporting of hemorrhagic disease (hd) in the midwestern and northeastern us using a 33-yr (1980-2012) questionnaire-based data set. this data set was supported by an additional 19 yr (1994-2012) of bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) isolation results from clinically affected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in these regions. both the number of counties that were reported positive for hd and the northern l ... | 2015 | 25588003 |
| serologic, trace element, and fecal parasite survey of free-ranging, female mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) in eastern washington, usa. | blood and fecal samples collected from 97 free-ranging mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), from four distinct herds during the spring of 2000 or 2001 in eastern washington, us, were tested for exposure to selected pathogens, concentrations of trace elements, and presence of parasites in feces. antibodies were detected to the following: leptospira interrogans serovar bratislava (4%), leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (1%), leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa (13%), bovine viral diarrh ... | 2015 | 25380366 |
| identification of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotypes in french guiana in 2011 and 2012. | in french guiana, the sero- and viro-prevalence of bluetongue virus (btv) is high but the circulating serotypes remain unknown. no data are available regarding the prevalence of epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd). this study was conducted to assess the prevalence and to identify the circulating serotypes of these two orbiviruses in this region (btv and ehdv). blood samples were collected in main livestock areas, from 122 young cattle between june and august 2011, to perform virological (pcr and ... | 2014 | 25301282 |
| culicoides midges (diptera: ceratopogonidae) as vectors of orbiviruses in slovakia. | in recent years, rapid spread of culicoides-borne pathogens such as bluetongue (bt) and schmallenberg viruses have been reported in europe. in this study we examined the culicoides populations in farms with wild and domestic ruminants in eastern slovakia with the aim to confirm the presence of biting midges serving as potential vectors of important pathogens. the main vector complexes were the obsoletus complex (54%; n=4,209) and the pulicaris complex (23%; n=1,796). to estimate the relative abu ... | 2014 | 25273963 |
| epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in reunion island: evidence for the circulation of a new serotype and associated risk factors. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) are members of the orbivirus genus of the reoviridae family transmitted between ruminants by the bites of culicoides midges. btv went undetected in reunion island between its first documented emergence in 1979 and two other serious outbreaks with both btv-3 and ehdv-6 in 2003, and both ehdv-6 and btv-2 in 2009. in these outbreaks, infected animals developed symptoms including hyperthermia, anorexia, congestion, prostration an ... | 2014 | 24636165 |
| development and performance evaluation of a streamlined method for nucleic acid purification, denaturation, and multiplex detection of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) possess similar structural and molecular features, are transmitted by biting midges (genus culicoides), and cause similar diseases in some susceptible ruminants. generally, btv causes subclinical disease in cattle, characterized by a prolonged viremia. ehdv-associated disease in cattle is less prominent; however, it has emerged as a major economic threat to the white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) industry in many areas ... | 2013 | 24091683 |
| epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 experimentation on adult cattle. | epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), an arthropod-borne orbivirus (family reoviridae), is an emerging pathogen of wild and domestic ruminants closely related to bluetongue virus (btv). ehdv serotype 6 (ehdv6) has recently caused outbreaks close to europe in turkey and morocco and a recent experimental study performed on calves inoculated with these two ehdv6 strains showed that the young animals have remained clinically unaffected. the aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicit ... | 2013 | 23899717 |
| bluetongue and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus in local breeds of cattle in kenya. | the presence of bluetongue virus (btv) and epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) in indigenous calves in western kenya was investigated. serum was analysed for btv and ehdv antibodies. the population seroprevalences for btv and ehdv for calves at 51 weeks of age were estimated to be 0.942 (95% ci 0.902-0.970) and 0.637 (95% ci 0.562-0.710), respectively, indicating high levels of circulating btv and ehdv. the odds ratio of being positive for btv if ehdv positive was estimated to be 2.57 (9 ... | 2013 | 23261160 |
| susceptibility of white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) to experimental infection with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 7. | during the fall of 2006, in israel, epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) serotype 7 caused an intense and widespread epizootic in domestic cattle that resulted in significant economic losses for the dairy industry. the susceptibility of potential north american vector and ruminant hosts to infection with ehdv-7 is not known but is essential to understanding the potential for establishment of this exotic orbivirus in north america if it were introduced. our primary objective was to determin ... | 2012 | 22740533 |