| snakin-1, a peptide from potato that is active against plant pathogens. | a new type of antimicrobial peptide, snakin-1 (sn1), has been isolated from potato tubers and found to be active, at concentrations < 10 microm, against bacterial and fungal pathogens from potato and other plant species. the action of sn1 and potato defensin pth1 was synergistic against the bacterium clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus and additive against the fungus botrytis cinerea. snakin-1 causes aggregation of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the peptide has 63 amino ... | 1999 | 9885189 |
| biotransformation of caryophyllene oxide by botrytis cinerea | biotransformation of caryophyllene oxide (1) with b. cinerea afforded 15 products (2-16). ten of these (3-5, 7, 9-11, and 14-16) are reported here for the first time. the main reaction paths involved stereoselective epoxidation at c-8/c-13 and hydroxylation at c-7. a rearranged compound was found, which was a cyclization product 16 possessing the caryolane skeleton. | 1999 | 9917279 |
| selection of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae isolates to control triatoma infestans. | twenty three isolates of beauveria bassiana and 13 isolates of metarhizium anisopliae were tested on third instar nymphs of triatoma infestans, a serious vector of chagas disease. pathogenicity tests at saturated humidity showed that this insect is very susceptible to fungal infection. at lower relative humidity (50%), conditions expected in the vector microhabitat, virulence was significantly different among isolates. cumulative mortality 15 days after treatment varied from 17.5 to 97.5%, and e ... | 1998 | 9921313 |
| composition and enzymatic activity of the extracellular matrix secreted by germlings of botrytis cinerea. | germlings of botrytis cinerea, an important fungal pathogen of plants, produce an extracellular matrix (ecm), or ensheathing film, that serves, in part, in their attachment (r. p. doss, et al., appl. environ. microbiol. 61:260-265, 1995). the composition of this film has been ascertained by using samples obtained by growing germlings on a glass surface, removing the fungal mycelium by vigorous washing, and collecting the tightly attached film by scraping the substratum with a razor blade. slight ... | 1999 | 9925560 |
| pathogen-induced elicitin production in transgenic tobacco generates a hypersensitive response and nonspecific disease resistance. | the rapid and effective activation of disease resistance responses is essential for plant defense against pathogen attack. these responses are initiated when pathogen-derived molecules (elicitors) are recognized by the host. we have developed a strategy for creating novel disease resistance traits whereby transgenic plants respond to infection by a virulent pathogen with the production of an elicitor. to this end, we generated transgenic tobacco plants harboring a fusion between the pathogen-ind ... | 1999 | 9927640 |
| the origin and evolution of green algal and plant actins. | the viridiplantae are subdivided into two groups: the chlorophyta, which includes the chlorophyceae, trebouxiophyceae, ulvophyceae, and prasinophyceae; and the streptophyta, which includes the charophyceae and all land plants. within the streptophyta, the actin genes of the angiosperms diverge nearly simultaneously from each other before the separation of monocots and dicots. previous evolutionary analyses have provided limited insights into the gene duplications that have produced these complex ... | 1999 | 10028293 |
| plants ectopically expressing the iron-binding protein, ferritin, are tolerant to oxidative damage and pathogens. | transgenic tobacco plants that synthesize alfalfa ferritin in vegetative tissues--either in its processed form in chloroplasts or in the cytoplasmic nonprocessed form--retained photosynthetic function upon free radical toxicity generated by iron excess or paraquat treatment. progeny of transgenic plants accumulating ferritin in their leaves exhibited tolerance to necrotic damage caused by viral (tobacco necrosis virus) and fungal (alternaria alternata, botrytis cinerea) infections. these transfo ... | 1999 | 10052358 |
| purification and characterization of a 40.8-kda cutinase in ungerminated conidia of botrytis cinerea pers.: fr. | cytoplasmic soluble proteins from ungerminated conidia of botrytis cinerea exhibited cutinase activity. a 40.8-kda cutinase was purified to homogeneity from this crude conidial protein extract. this cutinase does not correspond either to constitutive or to induced lytic cutin enzymes already described by other authors. the possible role of this constitutive cutinase in the induction of other cutinolytic proteins in the early stages of infection of plants by b. cinerea is discussed. | 1999 | 10077849 |
| characterization of a pine multigene family containing elicitor-responsive stilbene synthase genes. | young pine seedlings respond to environmental stress by induced synthesis of pinosylvin, a stilbene phytoalexin. heartwood of pine trees is characterized by a high content of pinosylvin. the formation of pinosylvin from cinnamoyl-coa and three molecules malonyl-coa catalysed by pinosylvin synthase is typical of the genus pinus. its enzyme activity not detectable in unstressed seedlings is substantially increased upon application of stimuli like uv-light or infection with the phytopathogenic fung ... | 1999 | 10080690 |
| purification of active cysteine proteases by affinity chromatography with attached e-64 inhibitor. | cysteine proteases are implicated in many regulatory and degradative processes in animal and plant cells. many of the proteases are strongly inhibited by an irreversible inhibitor, trans-(epoxysuccinyl)-l-leucylamino-4-guanidinobutane (e-64) from aspergillus japonicus. here we report a method for purification of cysteine proteases by affinity chromatography on e-64. attachment of the inhibitor to thiopropyl sepharose through its epoxy group resulted in the loss of its irreversible activity but d ... | 1999 | 10092483 |
| biotransformation of the fungistatic sesquiterpenoid patchoulol by botrytis cinerea | biotransformation of the fungistatic sesquiterpenoid patchoulol (1) by the fungus botrytis cinerea affords the 5-, 7- and (8r)-hydroxy (2, 3, and 5) derivatives as the major metabolites, together with a number of minor metabolites (4, 6-9) arising from hydroxylation at c-2, c-3, c-5, c-9, c-13, and c-14. | 1999 | 10096853 |
| cloning and partial characterization of endopolygalacturonase genes from botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea is a plant-pathogenic fungus infecting over 200 different plant species. we use a molecular genetic approach to study the process of pectin degradation by the fungus. recently, we described the cloning and characterization of an endopolygalacturonase (endopg) gene from b. cinerea (bcpg1) which is required for full virulence. here we describe the cloning and characterization of five additional endopg-encoding genes from b. cinerea sas56. the identity at the amino acid level betwe ... | 1999 | 10103256 |
| genetic variation in beauveria bassiana populations associated with the darkling beetle, alphitobius diaperinus. | a study was conducted to assess genetic variation within and among populations of beauveria bassiana (deuteromycotina: hyphomycetes) associated with the darkling beetle, alphitobius diaperinus (coleoptera: tenebrionidae), using rapd markers. a hierarchical collection of samples (strains from the same insect specimen, from insects from the same location, and from insects from different locations) was obtained from infected beetles from north carolina (nc) and west virginia (wv), usa. ten primers ... | 1999 | 10222180 |
| expression of two major chitinase genes of trichoderma atroviride (t. harzianum p1) is triggered by different regulatory signals. | regulation of the expression of the two major chitinase genes, ech42 (encoding the chit42 endochitinase) and nag1 (encoding the chit73 n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase), of the chitinolytic system of the mycoparasitic biocontrol fungus trichoderma atroviride (= trichoderma harzianum p1) was investigated by using a reporter system based on the aspergillus niger glucose oxidase. strains harboring fusions of the ech42 or nag1 5' upstream noncoding sequences with the a. niger goxa gene displayed a gl ... | 1999 | 10223970 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of new n-isoxazolyl-2-iodobenzamides. | n-isoxazolyl-2-iodobenzamides 3 and 9, with a benodanil-like structure, were synthesized by refluxing in acetic acid the corresponding benzotriazinones 2 and 8 with potassium iodide for 1 h with the aim to ascertain if they were active as fungicides against phytophthora citricola saw., botrytis cinerea pers., rhizoctonia sp. and alternaria sp. among the tested iodo derivatives, compounds 3b and 9a possess interesting activities against the aforesaid fungal strains in several cases similar to tha ... | 1999 | 10321034 |
| structural characteristics and possible horizontal transfer of group i introns between closely related plant pathogenic fungi. | we have characterized structural features and the distribution pattern of nuclear group i introns found in ribosomal dna (rdna) of closely related plant pathogenic fungi of the family sclerotiniaceae. sixteen introns, at two distinct positions in the small-subunit (ssu) and large-subunit (lsu) rdna, were sequenced and analyzed among the 29 taxa included in the initial screening. genera found to contain introns were botrytis, dumontinia, encoelia, grovesinia, myriosclerotinia, and sclerotinia. se ... | 1999 | 10331256 |
| comparison of fungal laccases and redox mediators in oxidation of a nonphenolic lignin model compound. | several fungal laccases have been compared for the oxidation of a nonphenolic lignin dimer, 1-(3, 4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propan-1,3-diol (i), and a phenolic lignin model compound, phenol red, in the presence of the redox mediators 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (1-hbt) or violuric acid. the oxidation rates of dimer i by the laccases were in the following order: trametes villosa laccase (tvl) > pycnoporus cinnabarinus laccase (pcl) > botrytis cinerea laccase (bcl) > myceliophthora thermop ... | 1999 | 10347057 |
| a new double-stranded rna mycovirus from botrytis cinerea. | a simple double-stranded rna mycovirus was detected in a wild-type botrytis cinerea 55k strain. the virus was located in the fungus cytoplasm as free particles of approximately 28 nm in diameter. the mycovirus possesses a single double-stranded genome segment of 1.8 kilobase pairs (kbp) encapsidated within an isometric protein coat whose main structural component is a polypeptide of 68 kda. cells infected with this virus showed an important degree of cellular degeneration. | 1999 | 10361713 |
| processing, targeting, and antifungal activity of stinging nettle agglutinin in transgenic tobacco. | the gene encoding the precursor to stinging nettle (urtica dioica l. ) isolectin i was introduced into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). in transgenic plants this precursor was processed to mature-sized lectin. the mature isolectin is deposited intracellularly, most likely in the vacuoles. a gene construct lacking the c-terminal 25 amino acids was also introduced in tobacco to study the role of the c terminus in subcellular trafficking. in tobacco plants that expressed this construct, the mutant prec ... | 1999 | 10364393 |
| stilbene compounds: from the grapevine to wine. | stilbenes are natural compounds occurring in a number of plant families, including vitaceae and (within this family) vitis vinifera l., which is the most important species grown worldwide for grape and wine production. stilbenes (resveratrol and viniferins) are present in grapevine as constitutive compounds of the woody organs (roots, canes, stems) and as induced substances (in leaves and fruit) acting as phytoalexins in the mechanisms of grape resistance against certain pathogens. resveratrol ( ... | 1999 | 10370866 |
| gene encoding polygalacturonase inhibitor in apple fruit is developmentally regulated and activated by wounding and fungal infection. | a cdna encoding polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (pgip) from mature apple fruit has been cloned and characterized. the open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 330 amino acids, in which 24 amino acids at the n-terminus comprise the signal peptide. apple pgip contains 10 imperfect leucine-rich repeat sequence motifs averaging 24 amino acids in length. in addition to the 1.3 kb pgip transcript, the cloned cdna also hybridized to rna molecules with sizes of 3.2 and 5.0 kb. genomic dna analys ... | 1999 | 10380809 |
| antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its constituent pulegone against bacteria and fungi. | the chemical composition of the essential oil of calamintha nepeta and its antimicrobial activity against listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, salmonella veneziana, s. paratyphi b. s. typhimurium, fusarium moniliforme, botrytis cinerea, aspergillus niger and pyricularia oryzae have been studied. moreover the main constituents of the oil (limonene, menthone, pulegone, menthol) have been tested against the same microorganisms. only pulegone showed antimicrobial activity, particularly against a ... | 1999 | 10404547 |
| histochemical and ultrastructural characterization of vacuoles and spherosomes as components of the lytic system in hyphae of the fungus botrytis cinerea. | an integrated approach to acid phosphatase (ec 3.1.3.2) histochemistry by the azo-dye and lead-capture ('gomori') methods in phosphate-starved hyphae of the fungus botrytis cinerea revealed strikingly different patterns of localization of activity staining. reaction product formed with the azo-dye method was found in numerous small organelles (<0.5 microm diameter), which also accumulated the lipophilic dye nile red and mislocalized the formazan indicating mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase a ... | 1999 | 10461864 |
| cryptocandin, a potent antimycotic from the endophytic fungus cryptosporiopsis cf. quercina. | a unique lipopeptide antimycotic, termed cryptocandin, is described from cryptosporiopsis cf. quercina, an endophytic fungus. cryptocandin, with a molecular mass of 1079 da, contains equimolar amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyhomotyrosine, 4-hydroxyproline, threonine, glutamine, 3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethylproline, 4,5-dihydroxyornithine and palmitic acid. cryptocandin is chemically related to well-known antimycotics, the echinocandins and pneumocandins, which are produced by such fungi as zalerion arborico ... | 1999 | 10463158 |
| methoxybifurcarenone: an antifungal and antibacterial meroditerpenoid from the brown alga cystoseira tamariscifolia. | a meroditerpenoid metabolite has been isolated from the brown alga cystoseira tamariscifolia and characterized as methoxybifurcarenone, by spectral analysis. methoxybifurcarenone possesses antifungal activity against three tomato pathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum sp. mycopersici and verticillium alboatrum and antibacterial activity against agrobacterium tumefaciens and escherichia coli. | 1999 | 10466223 |
| desiccation and osmotic stress increase the abundance of mrna of the tonoplast aquaporin bobtip26-1 in cauliflower cells. | changes in vacuolar structure and the expression at the rna level of a tonoplast aquaporin (bobtip26-1) were examined in cauliflower (brassicaoleracea l. var. botrytis) under water-stress conditions. gradual drying out of slices of cauliflower floret tissue caused its collapse, with a shrinkage in tissue and cell volumes and an apparent vesiculation of the central vacuole, whereas osmotic stress resulted in plasmolysis with a collapse of the cytoplasm and the central vacuole within. osmotic stre ... | 1999 | 10467033 |
| chloride and ethyl ester morpholine thiourea derivatives and their ni(ii) complexes. crystal and molecular structures of the thiourea derivative l-leucine methyl ester and its complexes with cu(ii) and pt(ii). growth of the pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea. | we have synthesized a series of ligands (1, 3, 4, 6 and 7) and some of their complexes with ni(ii), cu(ii) and pt(ii) (2, 5, 8 and 9). these compounds were studied and characterized by elemental analysis, ir and uv-vis spectra, conductivity measurements in solution, fab+/ms, 1h and 13c nmr, esr, etc. compound 7 crystallized in the orthorhombic space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with z = 4. unit cell parameters were as follows: a = 21.307(2) a, alpha = 90 degrees, b = 12.498(1) a, beta = 90 degrees, c = ... | 1999 | 10474203 |
| deficiency in phytoalexin production causes enhanced susceptibility of arabidopsis thaliana to the fungus alternaria brassicicola. | the phytoalexin-deficient arabidopsis mutant pad3-1, which is affected in the production of the indole-type phytoalexin camalexin, has previously been shown not to display altered susceptibility to either the bacterium pseudomonas syringae (glazebrook & ausubel 1994; proc. natl. acad. sci. usa, 91: 8955-8959) or the biotrophic fungi peronospora parasitica (glazebrook et al. 1997; genetics, 146: 381-392) and erysiphe orontii (reuber et al. 1998; plant j. 16: 473-485). we now show that this mutant ... | 1999 | 10476063 |
| duplication of the brassica oleracea apetala1 floral homeotic gene and the evolution of domesticated cauliflower. | development of the cauliflower phenotype in arabidopsis thaliana requires mutations at both the cauliflower and apetala1 loci. boap1 is the brassica oleracea orthologue to the arabidopsis ap1 gene, and is present in two copies in brassica genomes. the boap1-a gene appears to encode a full-length protein, but boap1-b alleles in b. oleracea contain insertions that lead to premature translation termination. the boap1-b allele found in most b. oleracea subspecies, including b. oleracea ssp. botrytis ... | 1999 | 10544496 |
| mycorrhiza-induced changes in disease severity and pr protein expression in tobacco leaves | the development of leaf disease symptoms and the accumulation of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins were monitored in leaves of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthinc) plants colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus glomus intraradices. leaves of mycorrhizal plants infected with the leaf pathogens botrytis cinerea or tobacco mosaic virus showed a higher incidence and severity of necrotic lesions than those of nonmycorrhizal controls. similar plant responses were obtained at both low (0.1 ... | 1999 | 10550896 |
| isolation, antifungal activity, and structure elucidation of the glutarimide antibiotic, streptimidone, produced by micromonospora coerulea. | the antibiotic ao58a,which showed strong antifungal activity against some plant pathogenic fungi, was purified from the culture broth and mycelial mats of micromonospora coerulea strain ao58 using various chromatographic procedures. the molecular formula of the antibiotic ao58a was deduced to be c(16)h(23)no(4) (m + h, m/z 294.1707) by high-resolution fab mass spectroscopy. analyses of (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr, and 2d nmr spectral data revealed that the antibiotic ao58a is the glutarimide antibiotic ... | 1999 | 10552660 |
| correlation of lipid peroxidation in botrytis cinerea caused by dicarboximide fungicides with their fungicidal activity. | dicarboximide fungicides iprodione, vinclozolin, and procymidone were examined for their capacity to inhibit mycelial growth, to cause cellular leakage, and to cause lipid peroxidation on botrytis cinerea isolate bc2. all three fungicides effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungi. the ic(50) values were found to be about 2 µm for all three fungicides, indicating that the fungicidal activity of the individual fungicides was almost the same. the fungicides caused significant cellular ... | 1998 | 10554307 |
| occurrence of a lipase in spores of alternaria brassicicola with a crucial role in the infection of cauliflower leaves. | alternaria brassicicola is a pathogen that penetrates directly through the host cuticle thanks to several serine esterases, according to our findings. among these, an 80-kda lipase (e.c 3.1.1. 3) was detected by sds-page and immunoblotting in the water washings of ungerminated spores. the purified lipase cross-reacted with botrytis cinerea anti-lipase antibodies, which were reported to inhibit the in vitro lipase activity. anti-lipase antibodies were added to a conidial suspension of a. brassici ... | 1999 | 10556710 |
| synthesis and antifungal activities of n-aryl-4-phenyl-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)butanamides. | various n-aryl-4-phenyl-3-(4-phenoxyphenyl)butanamides (2 and 3) were tested for fungicidal activities against pyricularia oryzae, rhizoctonia solani, botrytis cinerea, phytophthora infestans, puccinia recondita, and erysiphe graminis in vivo. butanamides (2 and 3a) that have an electron withdrawing group (cl, f) attached to the meta position of the phenyl ring showed good to excellent activities against pyricularia oryzae, puccinia recondita, and erysiphe graminis in high concentration while th ... | 1999 | 10575364 |
| pythium periplocum, an aggressive mycoparasite of botrytis cinerea causing the gray mould disease of grape-vine. | pythium periplocum dreschler has been found to be an aggressive mycoparasite of botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of the gray mould disease of the grape-vine. when grown together, the former enters the latter's mycelium, branches freely within, coagulates its cytoplasm and finally tears its hyphae apart, bringing about widespread destruction of the grape-vine pathogen. extensive coiling around the host, as reported in the case of other mycoparasites belonging to the genus pythium, has not been ... | 1999 | 10585549 |
| requirement of functional ethylene-insensitive 2 gene for efficient resistance of arabidopsis to infection by botrytis cinerea. | inoculation of wild-type arabidopsis plants with the fungus alternaria brassicicola results in systemic induction of genes encoding a plant defensin (pdf1.2), a basic chitinase (pr-3), and an acidic hevein-like protein (pr-4). pathogen-induced induction of these three genes is almost completely abolished in the ethylene-insensitive arabidopsis mutant ein2-1. this indicates that a functional ethylene signal transduction component (ein2) is required in this response. the ein2-1 mutants were found ... | 1999 | 10594097 |
| lipid peroxidation and the oxidative burst associated with infection of capsicum annuum by botrytis cinerea | a combination of electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy and analytical chemistry has been used to study the changes in free radical content, transition metal ion status and lipid peroxidation following inoculation of fruits of sweet pepper (capsicum annuum) with botrytis cinerea. epr detected a high concentration of an unidentified free radical associated with the spreading lesion that extends into the surrounding, healthy tissues. in addition, the epr-detectable iron(iii) was highes ... | 1999 | 10607300 |
| investigation of bioactivity of extracts from moroccan solitary tunicate cynthia savignyi. | extracts of the tunicate cynthia savignyi from the moroccan atlantic sea have been investigated in five bioassays. the first is an antibacterial test against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and agrobacterium tumefaciens; the second is an antifungal test against three tomato pathogenic fungi, botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and verticillium albo-atrum; the third is a test based to the ability to reduce dna peak size in procedures using an hplc system for detec ... | 1999 | 10624861 |
| humus bacteria of norway spruce stands: plant growth promoting properties and birch, red fescue and alder colonizing capacity. | we studied the potential of the humus layer of the norway spruce stands to supply beneficial rhizobacteria to birch (betula pendula), alder (alnus incana) and fescue grass (festuca rubra), representatives of pioneer vegetation after clear-cutting of the coniferous forest. axenically grown seedlings of these species were inoculated with the acid spruce humus, ph 3.7-5.3. actinorhizal propagules, capable of nodulating alder, were present in high density (10(3) g(-1)) in humus of long-term limed pl ... | 2000 | 10640667 |
| dimerization of resveratrol by the grapevine pathogen botrytis cinerea. | resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is produced by grapes (vitis spp.) in response to microbial attack by the fungal grapevine pathogen botrytis cinerea. several reports indicate that pathogenic b.cinerea strains are capable of biotransforming resveratrol into an assortment of unidentified oxidized metabolites as a means of reducing the antifungal effects of resveratrol and facilitating botrytis invasion into host-plant tissues. studies utilizing growing incubations of botrytis cinerea ... | 2000 | 10650073 |
| biotransformation of (4e,8r)-caryophyll-4(5)-en-8-ol by botrytis cinerea. | biotransformation of (4e,8r)-caryophyll-4(5)-en-8-ol (1) with botrytis cinerea afforded 14 products (3-16). thirteen of these (4-16) are described here for the first time. the main reaction paths involved the isomerization of the double bond at c-4/c-5 and hydroxylation of methyl groups. | 2000 | 10650077 |
| pythium contiguanum nomen novum (syn. pythium dreschleri paul), its antagonism to botrytis cinerea, its1 region of its nuclear ribosomal dna, and its comparison with related species. | pythium drechsleri paul was described as a new species from soil samples taken in a salt-marsh of arzew, algeria [paul, b. (1988) une nouvelle espèce de pythium isolée d'une saline de l'ouest algérien. cryptogam. mycol. 9, 325-333]. the name of the fungus, p. drechsleri, is a nomen invalidum, as it is a later homonym of p. drechsleri rajgopalan and ramakrishnan [rajagopalan, s. and ramakrishnan, k. (1971) phycomycetes in agricultural soils with special reference to the pythiaceae. madras univ. j ... | 2000 | 10650210 |
| lipid composition of the extracellular matrix of botrytis cinerea germlings. | six simple lipid classes (mono-, di- and tri-acylglycerols, free fatty acids, free fatty alcohols and wax esters) were identified by tlc in the extracellular matrix of botrytis cinerea germlings and the molecular components of each class were characterized using gc-ms. the relative amounts of fatty acids and fatty alcohols within each lipid class were determined by gc-fid. over all the lipid classes, the most abundant saturated fatty acids were palmitic (ca. 30%) and stearic acid (ca. 22%). palm ... | 2000 | 10680186 |
| carbon catabolite repression in plant pathogenic fungi: isolation and characterization of the gibberella fujikuroi and botrytis cinerea crea genes. | the crea genes of two plant pathogenic fungi, the gibberellin-producing rice pathogen gibberella fujikuroi and the gray mold botrytis cinerea, were isolated and characterized. the deduced amino acid sequences of both glucose repressors are 64% identical to each other and 59% (g. fujikuroi) and 61% (b. cinerea) identical to the crea protein of aspergillus nidulans. the zinc finger regions of the gibberella and botrytis crea proteins shared 98% identity with the corresponding zinc finger region of ... | 2000 | 10689158 |
| secobotrytriendiol and related sesquiterpenoids: new phytotoxic metabolites from botrytis cinerea. | six new sesquiterpenoid metabolites (1, 3-7) have been isolated from botrytis cinerea. their structures were elucidated by means of ms and extensive nmr studies. the phytotoxic activities of these new products have been evaluated. | 2000 | 10691704 |
| isolation and characterization of antagonists for the biocontrol of the postharvest wound pathogen botrytis cinerea on strawberry fruits. | antagonistic bacteria and yeasts were isolated from the epiphytic flora of stored strawberry fruits and evaluated for their ability to protect strawberry fruit wounds after harvest against botrytis cinerea. among selected potential antagonists, three strains of candida reukaufii (5l3, 10cl4, 10l2) and one strain of candida pulcherima (10l8) still protected fruit wounds when applied at 10(3) cfu/wound, reducing lesion or conidiophore development. in the same conditions, two enterobacteriaceae (10 ... | 2000 | 10716570 |
| regulation of endopolygalacturonase gene expression in botrytis cinerea by galacturonic acid, ambient ph and carbon catabolite repression. | the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea produces a set of endopolygalacturonases (endopgs) which are involved in the enzymatic degradation of pectin in plant cell walls. the endopg-encoding genes of b. cinerea are differentially expressed when the fungus is grown in liquid culture on different carbon sources. a basic constitutive expression level was observed for two genes, bcpg1 and bcpg2, which encode basic isozymes. galacturonic acid was shown to induce the expression of bcpg4 and bcpg6. ... | 2000 | 10743572 |
| extrinsic allergic alveolitis in domestic environments (domestic allergic alveolitis) caused by mouldy tapestry | extrinsic allergic alveolitis often occures as bird fancier's lung or is caused by occupational treatment with antigenic materials. in housing environments antigens of allergic alveolitis are also found, especially mould fungi. lf a source of antigens is absent in the anamnesis and the clinical picture as well as the clinical findings are ambiguous, the diagnosis of extrinsic allergic alveolits is delayed or unobtained. the following example shows that in spite of a detailed allergic anamnesis t ... | 2000 | 10756168 |
| enhancement of in vitro growth and resistance to gray mould of vitis vinifera co-cultured with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. | the potential of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, pseudomonas sp. (strain psjn), to stimulate the growth and enhancement of the resistance of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) transplants to gray mould caused by botrytis cinerea has been investigated. in vitro inoculation of grapevine plantlets induced a significant plant growth promotion which made them more hardy and vigorous when compared to non-inoculated plantlets. this ability increased upon transplanting. when grown together with b. c ... | 2000 | 10779718 |
| fungicidal activity of natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactone analogs. | fungicidal activity of 36 natural and synthetic sesquiterpene lactones with guaianolide, trans, trans-germacranolide, cis, cis-germacranolide, melampolide, and eudesmanolide carbon skeletons was evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungi colletotrichum acutatum, c. fragariae, c. gloeosporioides, fusarium oxysporum, botrytis cinerea, and phomopsis sp. dose-response data for the active compounds dehydrozaluzanin c, dehydrocostuslactone, 5alpha-hydroxydehydrocostuslacone, costunolide, and zaluzani ... | 2000 | 10783981 |
| biotransformation of testosterone and pregnenolone catalyzed by the fungus botrytis cinerea. | testosterone (1), a male sex hormone, and pregnenolone (2), a precursor of many steroidal hormones, were oxidized by fermentation with the fungus botrytis cinerea. the fermentation of 1 yielded 7beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrostan-3-one (3) (73%) in a yield comparable to chemical transformations. fermentation of 2 by the same fungus afforded a major metabolite 3beta,11alpha, 16beta-trihydroxypregn-5-en-20-one (4) (39%) along with a minor metabolite 11alpha,16beta-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (5) ( ... | 2000 | 10785420 |
| molecular characterization and identification of biocontrol isolates of trichoderma spp. | the most common biological control agents (bcas) of the genus trichoderma have been reported to be strains of trichoderma virens, t. harzianum, and t. viride. since trichoderma bcas use different mechanisms of biocontrol, it is very important to explore the synergistic effects expressed by different genotypes for their practical use in agriculture. characterization of 16 biocontrol strains, previously identified as "trichoderma harzianum" rifai and one biocontrol strain recognized as t. viride, ... | 2000 | 10788356 |
| redox chemistry in laccase-catalyzed oxidation of n-hydroxy compounds. | 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, violuric acid, and n-hydroxyacetanilide are three n-oh compounds capable of mediating a range of laccase-catalyzed biotransformations, such as paper pulp delignification and degradation of polycyclic hydrocarbons. the mechanism of their enzymatic oxidation was studied with seven fungal laccases. the oxidation had a bell-shaped ph-activity profile with an optimal ph ranging from 4 to 7. the oxidation rate was found to be dependent on the redox potential difference between ... | 2000 | 10788380 |
| isolation and identification of antifungal n-butylbenzenesulphonamide produced by pseudomonas sp. ab2. | an antifungal bacterial strain, isolated from a greenhouse soil sample, inhibits growth of microflora nearby. it was selected for further studies of bacterial antifungal properties. this isolate was identified as a pseudomonas sp. based on carbohydrate utilization, and other biochemical and physiological tests. petri plate assay revealed that the pseudomonas sp. exhibited antifungal activity against the plant pathogens, pythium ultimum, rhizoctonia solani, phytophthora capsici, botrytis cinerea ... | 2000 | 10805572 |
| cloning, characterization and chromosomal location of three genes encoding host-cell-wall-degrading enzymes in leptosphaeria maculans, a fungal pathogen of brassica spp. | the ascomycete, leptosphaeria maculans, causes blackleg disease of oilseed brassica spp. such as canola (brassica napus). we have cloned a gene encoding endopolygalacturonase, pg1, and two genes encoding cellulases, cel1 and cel2, in l. maculans. these genes are not clustered in the genome, as they are located on different chromosomes. the deduced amino acid sequences of all three genes predict an n-terminal signal sequence, as is common for secreted fungal enzymes that degrade plant cell walls. ... | 2000 | 10806354 |
| chaetoatrosin a, a novel chitin synthase ii inhibitor produced by chaetomium atrobrunneum f449. | chaetoatrosin a, a novel chitin synthase ii inhibitor, was isolated from the culture broth of fungus f449, which was identified as chaetomium atrobrunneum f449. chaetoatrosin a was purified by solvent partition, silica gel, ods, preparative tlc, and sephadex lh-20 column chromatographies, consecutively. the structure of chaetoatrosin a was assigned as 1,8-dihydroxy-3(2-hydroxypropionyl)-6-methoxynaphthalene on the basis of various spectroscopic analyses including uv, ir, mass spectral, and nmr. ... | 2000 | 10819295 |
| variation and selection at the cauliflower floral homeotic gene accompanying the evolution of domesticated brassica oleracea. | the evolution of plant morphologies during domestication events provides clues to the origin of crop species and the evolutionary genetics of structural diversification. the cauliflower gene, a floral regulatory locus, has been implicated in the cauliflower phenotype in both arabidopsis thaliana and brassica oleracea. molecular population genetic analysis indicates that alleles carrying a nonsense mutation in exon 5 of the b. oleracea cauliflower (bocal) gene are segregating in both wild and dom ... | 2000 | 10835404 |
| confocal microscopy of fm4-64 as a tool for analysing endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. | confocal microscopy of amphiphilic styryl dyes has been used to investigate endocytosis and vesicle trafficking in living fungal hyphae. hyphae were treated with fm4-64, fm1-43 or tma-dph, three of the most commonly used membrane-selective dyes reported as markers of endocytosis. all three dyes were rapidly internalized within hyphae. fm4-64 was found best for imaging the dynamic changes in size, morphology and position of the apical vesicle cluster within growing hyphal tips because of its stai ... | 2000 | 10849201 |
| the bmp1 gene is essential for pathogenicity in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea. | in magnaporthe grisea, a well-conserved mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase gene, pmk1, is essential for fungal pathogenesis. in this study, we tested whether the same map kinase is essential for plant infection in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic pathogen that employs infection mechanisms different from those of m. grisea. we used a polymerase chain reaction-based approach to isolate map kinase homologues from b. cinerea. the botrytis map kinase required for pathogenesis ... | 2000 | 10875333 |
| a new method to monitor airborne inoculum of the fungal plant pathogens mycosphaerella brassicicola and botrytis cinerea. | we describe a new microtiter immunospore trapping device (mtist device) that uses a suction system to directly trap air particulates by impaction in microtiter wells. this device can be used for rapid detection and immunoquantification of ascospores of mycosphaerella brassicicola and conidia of botrytis cinerea by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) under controlled environmental conditions. for ascospores of m. brassicicola correlation coefficients (r(2)) of 0.943 and 0.9514 were obser ... | 2000 | 10877797 |
| mungin, a novel cyclophilin-like antifungal protein from the mung bean. | a protein designated mungin, isolated from mung bean (phaseolus mungo) seeds, possessed activity against the fungi rhizoctonia solani, coprinus comatus, mycosphaerella arachidicola, botrytis cinerea, and fusarium oxysporum. the 18-kda protein also possessed a novel n-terminal sequence with similarity to cyclophilins. it exerts an inhibitory action against alpha- and beta-glucosidases suppresses [(3)h]thymidine in corporation by mouse splenocytes. | 2000 | 10891380 |
| the hypersensitive response facilitates plant infection by the necrotrophic pathogen botrytis cinerea. | plants have evolved efficient mechanisms to combat pathogen attack. one of the earliest responses to attempted pathogen attack is the generation of oxidative burst that can trigger hypersensitive cell death. this is called the hypersensitive response (hr) and is considered to be a major element of plant disease resistance. the hr is thought to deprive the pathogens of a supply of food and confine them to initial infection site. necrotrophic pathogens, such as the fungi botrytis cinerea and scler ... | 2000 | 10898976 |
| statistical analysis of elicitation strategies for thiarubrine a production in hairy root cultures of ambrosia artemisiifolia. | elicitation strategies were studied for yield enhancement of thiarubrine a, a secondary metabolite and a potential pharmaceutical, produced by hairy root cultures of ambrosia artemisiifolia. abiotic elicitation was performed using vanadyl sulfate solution and biotic elicitation using autoclaved cell wall filtrates of the fungi protomyces gravidus, a pathogen of a. artemisiifolia and botrytis cinereae. the factors considered were age of the culture, concentration of the elicitor used and the time ... | 2000 | 10908796 |
| its1 region of the nuclear ribosomal dna of the mycoparasite pythium periplocum, its taxonomy, and its comparison with related species. | pythium periplocum drechsler was isolated from some soil samples taken in the botanical garden of tenerife, canary islands. this fungus has been found to be an aggressive mycoparasite of botrytis cinerea. it is unique amongst the members of the genus pythium because of the character combination of inflated filamentous type of sporangia and ornamented oogonia. the taxonomic description of this fungus and its comparison with related species, together with the polymerase chain reaction of the inter ... | 2000 | 10913866 |
| oxidative metabolism of ambrox and sclareolide by botrytis cinerea. | ambrox (1), a perfumery diterpene, was oxidatively metabolised by a plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea in a xenobiotic fashion to afford a major product, i.e., 1beta-hydroxy-8-epiambrox (13) (60%) along with three minor metabolites 3beta-hydroxyambrox (2), sclareolide (5) and 3beta-hydroxysclareolide (7). sclareolide (5), a cytotoxic diterpenoidal lactone was fermented with the same fungus to yield 3beta-hydroxysclareolide (7) (59%) as a major metabolite together with two minor metabolites ... | 2000 | 10928544 |
| can the grey mould disease of the grape-vine be controlled by yeast? | botrytis cinerea has been found to be highly pathogenic to 'chardonnay' and 'pinot noir' cultivars of the grape-vine producing the characteristic grey mould symptoms within 7 days of inoculation to the vitro-plants. the yeast pichia anomala (strain fy-102), isolated from apple skin, was found to be antagonistic to b. cinerea as it completely inhibited the appearance of the grey mould symptoms when grown together. the yeast was responsible for morphological changes such as coagulation and leakage ... | 2000 | 10930744 |
| identification and characterization of a hexapeptide with activity against phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest decay in fruits. | a hexapeptide of amino acid sequence ac-arg-lys-thr-trp-phe-trp-nh2 was demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity against selected phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest decay in fruits. the peptide synthesized with either all d- or all l-amino acids inhibited the in vitro growth of strains of penicilium italicum, p. digitatum, and botrytis cinerea, with mics of 60 to 80 microm and 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) of 30 to 40 microm. the inhibitory activity of the peptide was both seq ... | 2000 | 10939255 |
| biosynthesis of abscisic acid by the non-mevalonate pathway in plants, and by the mevalonate pathway in fungi. | the biosynthetic pathways to abscisic acid (aba) were investigated by feeding [1-(13)c]-d-glucose to cuttings from young tulip tree shoots and to two aba-producing phytopathogenic fungi. 13c-nmr spectra of the aba samples isolated showed that the carbons at 1, 5, 6, 4', 7' and 9' of aba from the tulip tree were labeled with 13c, while the carbons at 2, 4, 6, 1', 3', 5', 7', 8' and 9' of aba from the fungi were labeled with 13c. the former corresponds to c-1 and -5 of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, a ... | 2000 | 10945263 |
| role of carbonyl compounds in so(2) binding phenomena in musts and wines from botrytized grapes. | carbonyl compounds play an important role in musts from botrytized grapes. some of them, such as glyoxal and methylglyoxal, may explain a considerable part of bindable so(2). others, such as 2- and 5-oxogluconic acids, produced by gluconic acid oxidation in proportions respectively from 2.5 per 1 play an interesting role as so(2) binding indicator. finally, the levels of some compounds such as dihydroxyacetone, 5-oxofructose, and delta-gluconolactone in balance with gluconic acid are well correl ... | 2000 | 10956126 |
| transgenic expression of pear pgip in tomato limits fungal colonization. | transgenic tomato plants expressing the pear fruit polygalacturonase inhibitor protein (ppgip) were used to demonstrate that this inhibitor of fungal pathogen endopolygalacturonases (endo-pgs) influences disease development. transgenic expression of ppgip resulted in abundant accumulation of the heterologous protein in all tissues and did not alter the expression of an endogenous tomato fruit pgip (tpgip). the ppgip protein was detected, as expected, in the cell wall protein fraction in all tran ... | 2000 | 10975651 |
| biological characterization of fusapyrone and deoxyfusapyrone, two bioactive secondary metabolites of fusarium semitectum. | fusapyrone (1) and deoxyfusapyrone (2), two alpha-pyrones originally isolated from rice cultures of fusarium semitectum, were tested in several biological assays. compounds 1 and 2 showed considerable antifungal activity against several plant pathogenic and/or mycotoxigenic filamentous fungi, although they were inactive toward yeasts isolated from plants and the gram-positive bacterium bacillus megaterium in disk diffusion assays. compound 1 was consistently more active than 2. among the tested ... | 2000 | 10978211 |
| the response of the grape berry moth (lobesia botrana) to a dietary phytopathogenic fungus (botrytis cinerea): the significance of fungus sterols. | a tortricidae (lobesia botrana) has a mutualistic relationship with the fungus (botrytis cinerea). in this study, we investigated the growth, survival, fecundity and amount of sterols and steroids in larvae of this vineyard pest reared on artificial diets containing mycelium (3%) or purified sterols (0.01%) of the phytopathogenic fungus. two principal questions related to the physiological and biochemical basis of this mutualistic relationship were addressed: (1) how the fungus influences growth ... | 2000 | 10980301 |
| enzymes of botrytis cinerea capable of breaking down hydrogen peroxide. | the amounts of intra- and extracellular guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbic peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, laccase, and catalase present in botrytis cinerea, cultured in three different media: kovac synthetic medium, sabouraud fluid medium, and a medium containing malt extract, were determined. the activity of two enzymes, ascorbic peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase, has not been previously described in b. cinerea. the detected amount of the enzymes showed considerable va ... | 2000 | 10981701 |
| antimicrobial effect of rosemary extracts. | a rosemary extract commercially exploited (oxy'less) as an antioxidant of lipids in foods was dissolved in ethanol (100 mg/ml), and the solution was tested against foodborne microorganisms. for gram-positive bacteria, the mic of the ethanolic solution was 1% for leuconostoc mesenteroides, 0.5% for listeria monocytogenes, 0.5% for staphylococcus aureus, 0.13% for streptococcus mutans, and 0.06% for bacillus cereus. it slowed the growth of penicillium roquefortii and botrytis cinerea. up to 1% of ... | 2000 | 11041135 |
| stagonospora avenae secretes multiple enzymes that hydrolyze oat leaf saponins. | the phytopathogenic fungus stagonospora avenae is able to infect oat leaves despite the presence of avenacoside saponins in the leaf tissue. in response to pathogen attack, avenacosides are converted into 26-desglucoavenacosides (26-dgas), which possess antifungal activity. these molecules are comprised of a steroidal backbone linked to a branched sugar chain consisting of one alpha-l-rhamnose and two (avenacoside a) or three (avenacoside b) beta-d-glucose residues. isolates of the fungus that a ... | 2000 | 11043466 |
| affinity purification and characterization of a cutinase from the fungal plant pathogen monilinia fructicola (wint.) honey. | trifluoromethyl ketones (tfk) are potent inhibitors of a variety of serine hydrolases. the tfk inhibitor, 3-(4-mercaptobutylthio)-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (mbtfp), was found to competitively inhibit cutinase activity (i50 = 9.4 x 10(-3)) from the fungal plant pathogen monilinia fructicola and to serve as an effective affinity ligand for the purification of cutinases from culture filtrates. the tfk inhibitors, 3-n-octylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanone (otfp) and 3-n-pentylthio-1,1,1-trifluoro- ... | 2000 | 11051094 |
| biotransformation of two cytotoxic terpenes, alpha-santonin and sclareol by botrytis cinerea. | two cytotoxic terpenes, alpha-santonin (1) and sclareol (3) were biotransformed by a plant pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea to produce oxidized metabolites in high yields. alpha-santonin (1) on fermentation with the fungus for ten days afforded a hydroxylated metabolite identified as 11beta-hydroxy-alpha-santonin (2) in a high yield (83%), while sclareol (3) was metabolized to epoxysclareol (4) (64%) and a new compound 8-deoxy-14,15-dihydro-15-chloro-14-hydroxy-8,9-dehydrosclareol (5) (7%), re ... | 2000 | 11098821 |
| a robust cysteine-deficient chitinase-like antifungal protein from inner shoots of the edible chive allium tuberosum. | from the inner shoots of the chive allium tuberosum, a single-chained protein with a molecular weight of 36 kda and an n-terminal sequence manifesting resemblance to chitinases but lacking in cysteine residues characteristic of a cysteine-rich domain present in chitinases of other allium species, was purified. the isolation procedure entailed affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose and mono s, and gel filtration on superdex 75. the protein was ... | 2000 | 11112420 |
| ginkbilobin, a novel antifungal protein from ginkgo biloba seeds with sequence similarity to embryo-abundant protein. | a novel single-chained antifungal protein with a molecular weight of 13 kda displaying an n-terminal sequence with marked similarity to embryo-abundant protein from the white spruce was isolated from the seeds of ginkgo biloba using ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose, affinity chromatography on affi-gel blue gel, ion exchange chromatography on sp-sepharose, and then gel filtration on superdex 75. the protein, designated ginkbilobin, exerted potent antifungal activity against a variety ... | 2000 | 11118300 |
| genome characterization of botrytis virus f, a flexuous rod-shaped mycovirus resembling plant 'potex-like' viruses. | this study reports the first sequence of a flexuous rod-shaped mycovirus and also the first molecular characterization of a virus that infects the plant-pathogenic fungus botrytis: cinerea. the mycovirus botrytis: virus f (bvf) contains an ssrna genome of 6827 nucleotides and a poly(a) tract at or very near the 3' terminus. computer analysis of the genomic cdna sequence of bvf revealed two potential open reading frames (orfs) encoding proteins of 212 kda (orf1) and 32 kda (orf2). orf1 showed sig ... | 2001 | 11125160 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of some new quinazoline and benzoxazinone derivatives. | the hitherto unknown 2-isopropyl-6,8-dibromo-4h-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one (2) was subjected to condensation with either primary or secondary amines affording the benzamide derivatives (3-7), while with alcohols in presence of the base, corresponding esters were obtained (8 and 9). acylation of the hydrazide (12) or its cyclized form (13) gave (14-17). the quinazolinone derivative (18) was obtained either when (12) was reacted with nitrous acid or via fusion of (2) with ammonium acetate. the thione (2 ... | 2000 | 11129978 |
| role of botrytized grape micro-organisms in so2 binding phenomena. | the purpose of this work was to study the involvement of micro-organisms, which develop together with botrytis cinerea on grapes, in the so2 binding power of musts. | 2001 | 11155120 |
| selective media for the specific isolation and enumeration of botrytis cinerea conidia. | to develop selective media for the enumeration of botrytis cinerea. | 2001 | 11169044 |
| method for the quantitative extraction of resveratrol and piceid isomers in grape berry skins. effect of powdery mildew on the stilbene content. | a simple method for the quantitative extraction of resveratrol and its glycosides from grape berry skins has been developed. optimal conditions for the extraction were investigated. type of solvent, time, and temperature assayed influenced resveratrol and piceid yield. adequate extraction was attained with ethanol/water (80:20 v/v) maintained at 60 degrees c for 30 min. recovery (>96%) and reproducibility (6.83-15.13%) were satisfactory. after extraction, resveratrol and piceid isomers were quan ... | 2001 | 11170579 |
| isolation and bioactivities of epidioxysterol from the tunicate cynthia savignyi. | from a hexane extract of the tunicate cynthia savignyi, collected in morocco, epidioxysterol or 5,8-alpha-epidioxy-5alpha-cholest-6-en-3beta-ol has been isolated. this is the first example of epidioxysterol found in the tunicate c. savignyi. the structure of epidioxysterol has been characterised by nmr data (1h, 13c and 2d). epidioxysterol possesses antifungal activity against three tomato pathogenic fungi: botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum and verticillium albo atrum and antibacterial activi ... | 2000 | 11204751 |
| production of antimicrobial defensin in nicotiana benthamiana with a potato virus x vector. | a recombinant plasmid, ptxs.th, was constructed to express the gene-encoding wasabi (wasabia japonica) defensin with the potato virus x (pvx) vector. ptxs.th allows the expression of defensin in the host nicotiana benthamiana, and the defensin protein wt1 can be purified from virus-infected leaves by heat treatment and affinity chromatography. wt1 exhibits strong antifungal activity toward the phytopathogenic fungi magnaporthe grisea (50% inhibitory concentration [ic50] = 5 microg/ml) and botryt ... | 2001 | 11204773 |
| expression and action pattern of botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea) rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase in pichia pastoris. | the cdna sequence coding for the complete rhamnogalacturonan hydrolase (rgase) of botryotinia fuckeliana (botrytis cinerea) was introduced into pichia pastoris and expressed under the control of the alcohol oxidase promoter. the rgase was secreted into the medium of the yeast driven by the alpha-factor secretion peptide and could be purified using the c-terminal his6-tag fusion. rgase activity was measured using a traditional reducing end assay with linseed rhamnogalacturonan (rg) as the substra ... | 2001 | 11217965 |
| removal of herbicides from liquid media by fungi isolated from a contaminated soil. | fungi were isolated from soil samples corresponding to pesticide-contaminated soil (cs) and noncontaminated soil (ncs) in the annaba vicinity (algeria) and identified. the number of isolates obtained from cs and ncs were 263 and 288, respectively. the most frequent species (aspergillus fumigatus, a. niger, a. terreus, absidia corymbifera, and rhizopus microsporus var microsporus) were not sensitive to the pesticides. the growth of the genus trichoderma was inhibited by the pesticides, while gene ... | 2001 | 11285902 |
| jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase: a key enzyme for jasmonate-regulated plant responses. | methyl jasmonate is a plant volatile that acts as an important cellular regulator mediating diverse developmental processes and defense responses. we have cloned the novel gene jmt encoding an s-adenosyl-l-methionine:jasmonic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (jmt) from arabidopsis thaliana. recombinant jmt protein expressed in escherichia coli catalyzed the formation of methyl jasmonate from jasmonic acid with k(m) value of 38.5 microm. jmt rna was not detected in young seedlings but was detected ... | 2001 | 11287667 |
| nasal polyposis: a study of its association with airborne allergen hypersensitivity. | despite the frequent presence of clinical symptoms such as sneezing and itching, elevated histamine and ige in extracellular polyp fluids, tissue eosinophilia, and degranulated mast cells, allergy is not considered an important cause of nasal polyposis. | 2001 | 11289325 |
| markers for oxidative stress associated with soft rots in french beans (phaseolus vulgaris) infected by botrytis cinerea. | the role of active oxygen species has been studied in spreading soft-rot lesions caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea pers.:fr. in leaves of four genotypes of french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.). large increases were observed for the aldehydic end-products of oxidative damage, malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, as a result of infection in each of the genotypes studied. similar increases were found in a stable free radical and g=4.27 fe(iii) signals, but not mn(ii) si ... | 2001 | 11289602 |
| study of the role of antimicrobial glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates in resistance of arabidopsis to microbial pathogens. | crude aqueous extracts from arabidopsis leaves were subjected to chromatographic separations, after which the different fractions were monitored for antimicrobial activity using the fungus neurospora crassa as a test organism. two major fractions were obtained that appeared to have the same abundance in leaves from untreated plants versus leaves from plants challenge inoculated with the fungus alternaria brassicicola. one of both major antimicrobial fractions was purified to homogeneity and iden ... | 2001 | 11299350 |
| production of alternariol and alternariol methyl ether by alternaria alternata grown on fruits at various temperatures. | two toxigenic strains of the fungus alternaria alternata (atcc 56836 and atcc 66868) were grown on surface-disinfected, fresh, ripe fruits and tested for the production of alternariol (aoh) and alternariol methyl ether (ame). examined fruits included strawberries; red and green seedless grapes; concord grapes; red delicious, golden delicious, and gala apples; and blueberries. after inoculation, fruits were incubated at 4, 10 degrees c, or room temperature (approximately 21 degrees c) for up to 3 ... | 2001 | 11307891 |
| evidence for surfactant solubilization of plant epicuticular wax. | the solubilization of isolated, reconstituted tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill.) fruit and broccoli (brassica oleracaea var. botrytis l.) leaf epicuticular waxes (ecw) by nonionic octylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol surfactant (triton x-100) was demonstrated in a model system by tlc and fluorescence analysis using pyrene as a fluorescent probe. ecw was solubilized at or above the surfactant critical micelle concentration; solubilization increased with an increase in micelle concentration. as show ... | 2001 | 11308330 |
| the abc transporter bcatrb affects the sensitivity of botrytis cinerea to the phytoalexin resveratrol and the fungicide fenpiclonil. | during pathogenesis, fungal pathogens are exposed to a variety of fungitoxic compounds. this may be particularly relevant to botrytis cinerea, a plant pathogen that has a broad host range and, consequently, is subjected to exposure to many plant defense compounds. in practice, the pathogen is controlled with fungicides belonging to different chemical groups. atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters might provide protection against plant defense compounds and fungicides by atp-driven efflux mechan ... | 2001 | 11310744 |
| stilbene content of mature vitis vinifera berries in response to uv-c elicitation. | a method using hplc analysis has been used to compare the level of resveratrol and its derivatives, piceid, pterostilbene and epsilon-viniferin, in grapevine berries of three vitis vinifera varieties. the concentration of these compounds has been evaluated in healthy and botrytis cinerea infected grape clusters, both in natural vineyard conditions and in response to uv elicitation. | 2000 | 11312782 |
| the potential biocontrol agent pseudomonas antimicrobica inhibits germination of conidia and outgrowth of botrytis cinerea. | antifungal metabolites of pseudomonas antimicrobica have previously been shown to inhibit conidial germination of the grey mould pathogen botrytis cinerea. in this study, metabolites of the bacterium have been tested at different stages of botrytis germination to determine their effects on germ tube production and extension. | 2001 | 11328503 |
| a brassica oleracea gene expressed in a variety-specific manner may encode a novel plant transmembrane receptor. | the species brassica oleracea includes several agricultural varieties characterized by the proliferation of different types of meristems. using a combination of subtractive hybridization and pcr (polymerase chain reaction) techniques we have identified several genes which are expressed in the reproductive meristems of the cauliflower curd (b. oleracea var. botrytis) but not in the vegetative meristems of brussels sprouts (b. oleracea var. gemmifera) axillary buds. one of the cloned genes, termed ... | 2001 | 11333311 |
| some biological properties of new quinoline-4-carboxylic acid and quinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives. | the antimicrobial and morphogenetic effects of fourteen newly synthesized 2-substituted derivatives of quinoline-4-carboxylic acid and quinoline-4-carboxamide were studied using g+ and g- bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi. the highest antimicrobial effects were found with substituted quinoline-4-carboxylic acid derivatives. quinoline-4-carboxamides only weakly influenced the growth of the tested microorganisms. some derivatives of quinoline-4-carboxylic acid elicited profound changes in the ... | 2000 | 11347250 |
| the possible function of the glucan sheath of botrytis cinerea: effects on the distribution of enzyme activities. | the effect of a beta-1,3-glucanase (glucanex) on cultures of botrytis cinerea was examined. the enzyme released reducing sugars from the mycelium and from the glucan secreted into the culture medium. the morphology of the mycelium was changed in the presence of glucanex. the measured activity of guaiacol peroxidase, laccase, and catalase was increased when the mycelium was treated with glucanex. culture of the mycelium in the presence of glucanex resulted in an increase in catalase activity. we ... | 2001 | 11356576 |