| [seroprevalance of babesia microti in humans living in rural areas of the sinop region.]. | babesia species are blood parasites which transmitted by ticks and located in erythrocytes. babesia divergens in europe and babesia microti in america are the most significant etiologic agents of human babesiosis cases. the aim of this study was to determine serologically whether people living in sinop where ixodes ricinus ticks are commonly seen have been exposed to b. microti or not. for this purpose, during may and june of 2006-2007, blood specimens were obtained from 273 individuals who live ... | 2010 | 20597050 |
| identification of three ccp genes in babesia divergens: novel markers for sexual stages parasites. | babesia divergens, a tick-borne protozoan parasite of red blood cells, is the main agent of bovine and human babesiosis in europe. very few data are available concerning its life cycle and sexual reproduction inside the tick vector, ixodes ricinus. the aim of this study was to define some markers of the b.divergens sexual stage. an in silico post-genomic approach was used to analyze genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data and to select specific sexual stage proteins of the related apicomplexa ... | 2010 | 20603159 |
| established and emerging pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from birds on a conservation island in the baltic sea. | tick-borne pathogens such as lyme borreliosis spirochaetes, anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia spp. and babesia spp. cause a great variety of diseases in animals and humans. although their importance with respect to emerging human diseases is increasing, many issues about their ecology are still unclear. in spring 2007, 191 ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) ticks were collected from 99 birds of 11 species on a bird conservation island in the baltic sea in order to test them for borrelia spp., ... | 2010 | 20868431 |
| detection of babesia divergens in southern norway by using an immunofluorescence antibody test in cow sera. | the incidence of bovine babesiosis, caused by babesia divergens (apicomplexa: piroplasmida) has decreased markedly since the 1930 s, but may re-emerge as a consequence of climate change and changes in legislation and pasturing practices. this is a potentially serious disease, with both economical and animal welfare consequences. therefore, there is a need to survey the distribution of b. divergens. | 2010 | 20925923 |
| detection of babesia and theileria species infection in cattle from portugal using a reverse line blotting method. | babesiosis and theileriosis are tick-borne diseases widespread in tropical and sub-tropical regions with high economic impact worldwide. in portugal there are at least 4 tick vectors known to be competent for the transmission of babesia and theileria sp. identified: rhipicephalus bursa, rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus, ixodes ricinus and haemaphysalis punctata. all these potential babesia and theileria tick vectors are widely distributed in portugal, although they are predominant in the sout ... | 2010 | 21036481 |
| a subtropical case of human babesiosis. | this report constitutes the first well-documented case of symptomatic human babesiosis from a subtropical site, south of the 40th parallel. this paper describes the definitive identification of babesia divergens infection in a splenectomized patient from the canary islands. | 1997 | 9241387 |
| babesiosis in immunocompetent patients, europe. | we report 2 cases of babesiosis in immunocompetent patients in france. a severe influenza-like disease developed in both patients 2 weeks after they had been bitten by ticks. diagnosis was obtained from blood smears, and babesia divergens was identified by pcr in 1 case. babesiosis in europe occurs in healthy patients, not only in splenectomized patients. | 2011 | 21192869 |
| molecular cloning and genetic polymorphism of babesia capreoli gene bcp37/41, an ortholog of babesia divergens merozoite surface antigen bd37. | babesia divergens and babesia capreoli are closely related species with distinct host ranges, a zoonotic feature being described only for b. divergens. the two species are 99.8% similar in the 18s rdna gene sequence and indistinguishable by morphological or serological means, leading to confusion as to their species status. the phylogenetic relatedness between the two species, and the frequent involvement of surface components in serological cross-reactions led us to postulate that an ortholog o ... | 2010 | 21251759 |
| babesias of red deer (cervus elaphus) in ireland. | abstract: blood samples were obtained from 38 wild red deer (cervus elaphus) at two sites in ireland and subjected to pcr analysis of the 18s rrna gene followed by sequencing. two fragments of the 18s rrna gene were generated by two different pcr protocols and subsequent sequencing suggested that at least six of the deer were infected by a babesia that, in those loci, is indistinguishable from babesia divergens, an important tick-borne pathogen of cattle and of zoonotic significance. additionall ... | 2011 | 21314977 |
| detection and characterization of babesia species in ixodes ticks in estonia. | the presence of babesia spp. was studied in 2603 ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus ticks collected at seven sites in estonia. by reverse line blot screening, babesia spp. was detected in 36 (1.4%) ticks, among them 18 (0.7%) were further recognized by a babesia microti probe, 3 (0.1%) by a babesia divergens probe, and the other 15 (0.6%) were recognized only by the universal babesia spp. "catch all" probe. sequence analyses of 6 of these 15 samples revealed that all of them belonged to babes ... | 2011 | 21395407 |
| prevalence of three zoonotic babesia species in ixodes ricinus (linn+®, 1758) nymphs in a suburban forest in switzerland. | the tick ixodes ricinus (linn+®, 1758) is known as the vector of various babesia spp. pathogenic for humans. in switzerland, three of them, babesia divergens, babesia venatorum (also known as babesia eu1), and babesia microti, have been reported in i. ricinus ticks from various areas. the aim here was to determine how frequently these species infect i. ricinus nymphs in a suburban forest and to determine their prevalence over 3 years along a pathway delimited in four different sections. babesia ... | 2011 | 21395425 |
| detection of babesia divergens using molecular methods in anemic patients in shandong province, china. | babesiosis (piroplasmosis) is a zoonotic disease caused by an intraerythrocytic protozoan transmitted by ixodes ticks. the aim of this study was to detect babesia spp. infection using molecular methods in 377 blood samples from anemic patients. sequence analysis showed that the 18s rrna gene was 439 bases long by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and that the pcr products from the samples had an identical sequence (named taian china, hm355854). blast search showed that the sequence w ... | 2011 | 21503639 |
| novel diamidines with activity against babesia divergens in vitro and babesia microti in vivo. | dicationic diamidines, such as diminazene and pentamidine, are well-studied chemotherapeutic agents with significant activity against parasitic diseases. the in vitro activity of novel diamidine compounds was investigated against the babesia divergens strains 1903b and 4201. the most potent compound, a diphenyl furan, had an ic(50) of 1.5 ng/ml. in a murine model, several test compounds were effective enough to cure mice infected with babesia microti at a dose of 12.5 and/or 25 mg/kg of body wei ... | 2011 | 21537025 |
| survey of babesia divergens antibody kinetics in cattle in western france. | data collected from a longitudinal survey carried out over a 2-year period, in four dairy herds in western france, were used to assess babesia divergens antibody kinetics. farms were visited once a month. the total number of animals monitored was 236 including calves, heifers and cows of the holstein and normande breeds. an elisa was used to follow the humoral response levels against babesia divergens. when the study began, in the autumn of 1991 (200 animals), half of the animals were already se ... | 1997 | 9342824 |
| experimental infection with babesia divergens in cattle persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | nine norwegian red cattle, aged 7-14 months, persistently infected with bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were inoculated with a swedish strain of babesia divergens. six persistently infected cattle of the same age and breed were kept as controls. blood and serum samples were collected regularly during the observation period. rectal temperatures were recorded every morning for 25 days post infection, and the animals were examined clinically on a daily basis. sera were examined for antibodies t ... | 1998 | 9673578 |
| transport of babesia venatorum-infected ixodes ricinus to norway by northward migrating passerine birds. | bovine babesiosis is regarded as a limited health problem for norwegian cows, and the incidence has decreased markedly since the 1930s. rare cases of babesiosis in splenectomised humans from infection with babesia divergens and b.venatorum have been described. the objective of this study was to determine whether birds can introduce babesia-infected ticks. there are between 30 and 85 million passerine birds that migrate to norway every spring. | 2011 | 21699719 |
| New insights into the epidemiology of bovine piroplasmoses in Italy. | Few studies have been published on bovine piroplasmoses in Italy, and therefore a clear picture of the epidemiology of these infections is difficult to obtain. Vertebrate and invertebrate hosts in Central and Northern Regions of Italy were investigated in 2005 and 2006, when microscopy, molecular tools and serological tests were applied to 468 blood samples drawn from cattle in order to evaluate the presence of these protozoa and identify possible risk factors. Ticks were also collected, identif ... | 2011 | 21864982 |
| human babesiosis. | the first demonstrated case of human babesiosis in the world was reported in europe, in 1957. since then, a further 28 babesial infections in man have been reported in europe. most (83%) of the infections were in asplenic individuals and most (76%) were with babesia divergens, a cattle parasite. parasitaemias varied from 1%-80% of red blood cells. the usual clinical manifestations of severe b. divergens infection were severe intravascular haemolysis with haemoglobinuria. the most efficient treat ... | 1998 | 9683900 |
| a vegetation index qualifying pasture edges is related to ixodes ricinus density and to babesia divergens seroprevalence in dairy cattle herds. | babesia divergens, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus, is the main agent of bovine piroplasmosis in france. this apicomplexa often is present in asymptomatic carriers; however, clinical cases are rare. while numerous factors are known to influence tick density, no risk factor of contact with b. divergens has been identified for cattle. our study aimed to explore whether a vegetation index could serve as an indirect indicator of within-herd b. divergens seroprevalence. in february 2007, blood ... | 2011 | 22079425 |
| Longitudinal field study on bovine Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections during a grazing season in Belgium. | Anaplasmosis and babesiosis are major tick-borne diseases with a high economic impact but are also a public health concern. Blood samples collected in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2010 from 65 cows in seven different farms in Belgium were monitored with an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test to assess seroprevalence against these pathogens. Seroprevalences to Babesia spp. were measured as 10.7%, 20%, and 12.3% in spring, summer, and autumn, respectively, whereas seroprevalences to Ana ... | 2011 | 21947341 |
| a highly sensitive dna bead-based suspension array for the detection and species identification of bovine piroplasms. | piroplasms are among the most harmful tick-borne pathogens for livestock and sensitive and specific diagnostic methods for rapid detection and identification of the different species are needed for effective control. reverse line blot has been the molecular technique of choice but it is laborious, time-consuming and highly susceptible to subjective variation in the interpretation of the hybridisation signal. here, an oligonucleotide multiplex suspension microarray (luminex® microsphere system) w ... | 2011 | 22233830 |
| natural history of zoonotic babesia: role of wildlife reservoirs. | babesiosis is an emerging zoonotic disease on all inhabited continents and various wildlife species are the principal reservoir hosts for zoonotic babesia species. the primary vectors of babesia are ixodid ticks, with the majority of zoonotic species being transmitted by species in the genus ixodes. species of babesia vary in their infectivity, virulence and pathogenicity for people. various factors (e.g., increased interactions between people and the environment, increased immunosuppression, ch ... | 2012 | 24533312 |
| wild cervids are host for tick vectors of babesia species with zoonotic capability in belgium. | babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by different species of intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites within the genus babesia. different species of babesia are described as potentially zoonotic and cause a malaria-like disease mainly in immunocompromised humans. interest in the zoonotic potential of babesia is growing and babesiosis has been described by some authors as an emergent zoonotic disease. the role of cervids to maintain tick populations and act as a reservoir host for some babesia ... | 2012 | 22214270 |
| ixodes ricinus and its transmitted pathogens in urban and peri-urban areas in europe: new hazards and relevance for public health. | tick-borne diseases represent major public and animal health issues worldwide. ixodes ricinus, primarily associated with deciduous and mixed forests, is the principal vector of causative agents of viral, bacterial, and protozoan zoonotic diseases in europe. recently, abundant tick populations have been observed in european urban green areas, which are of public health relevance due to the exposure of humans and domesticated animals to potentially infected ticks. in urban habitats, small and medi ... | 2014 | 25520947 |
| high-throughput screening of tick-borne pathogens in europe. | due to increased travel, climatic, and environmental changes, the incidence of tick-borne disease in both humans and animals is increasing throughout europe. therefore, extended surveillance tools are desirable. to accurately screen tick-borne pathogens (tbps), a large scale epidemiological study was conducted on 7050 ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from france, denmark, and the netherlands using a powerful new high-throughput approach. this advanced methodology permitted the simultaneous detect ... | 2014 | 25120960 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in humans with tick bites and erythema migrans, in the netherlands. | tick-borne diseases are the most prevalent vector-borne diseases in europe. knowledge on the incidence and clinical presentation of other tick-borne diseases than lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis is minimal, despite the high human exposure to these pathogens through tick bites. using molecular detection techniques, the frequency of tick-borne infections after exposure through tick bites was estimated. | 2016 | 27706159 |
| molecular detection and characterization of zoonotic and veterinary pathogens in ticks from northeastern china. | tick-borne diseases are considered as emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals in china. in this study, ixodes persulcatus (n = 1699), haemaphysalis concinna (n = 412), haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 390), dermacentor nuttalli (n = 253), and dermacentor silvarum (n = 204) ticks were collected by flagging from northeastern china, and detected for infection with anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, and hepatozoon spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays and sequencing analysis. an ... | 2016 | 27965644 |
| retrospective study of hemoparasites in cattle in southern italy by reverse line blot hybridization. | tick-borne diseases are widespread in tropical and temperate regions and are responsible for important economic losses in those areas. in order to assess the presence and prevalence of various pathogens in southern italy, we retrospectively analyzed cattle blood samples collected for a previous study in 2000 using reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization. the study had been carried out in three regions of southern italy on 1,500 randomly selected and apparently healthy adult cattle. rlb showed that ... | 2014 | 24614604 |
| babesia spp. in questing ticks from eastern poland: prevalence and species diversity. | a total of 853 questing ixodes ricinus males, females, and nymphs and of 582 questing dermacentor reticulatus males and females were collected from vegetation on the territory of the lublin province (eastern poland). the ticks were examined for the presence of babesia by pcr detecting part of 18s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene and nuclear small subunit rrna (ss-rdna) for determining of babesia spp. and babesia microti, respectively. the overall incidence of babesia strains in i. ricinus ticks was 4.6 ... | 2015 | 25976982 |
| re-emergence of bovine piroplasmosis in hungary: has the etiological role of babesia divergens been taken over by b. major and theileria buffeli? | the prevalence of bovine babesiosis caused by babesia divergens has been declining during the past decades in northeastern hungary, and no cases have been observed since 2008. infections of cattle with b. major and theileria buffeli were hitherto reported in southern and western europe. in other parts of the globe, there is evidence of emergence and a growing clinical importance of t. buffeli and closely related genotypes of the t. orientalis complex. | 2014 | 25212410 |
| changing incidence of bovine babesiosis in ireland. | in ireland bovine babesiosis is caused by the tick-borne blood parasite, babesia divergens. a survey of veterinary practitioners and farmers in the 1980's revealed an annual incidence of 1.7% associated with considerable economic losses. however, two subsequent surveys in the 1990's indicated a decline in clinical babesiosis. recent evidence from continental europe suggests that, probably due to climate change, the distribution of the tick vector of b. divergens, ixodes ricinus is extending to m ... | 2014 | 25276345 |
| the effect of babesia divergens infection on the spleen of mongolian gerbils. | babesiosis is caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites transmitted by ticks and affects a wide range of domestic and wild animals and occasionally humans. the current study aimed to investigate the effect of b. divergens infected erythrocytes on spleen histopathology, cell cycle alteration, and the presence of oxidative stress. mongolian gerbils were challenged with 5 × 10(6) babesia divergens infected erythrocytes. parasitemia reached approximately 77% at day 5 postinfection. infection ... | 2014 | 25136591 |
| stimulation and quantification of babesia divergens gametocytogenesis. | babesia divergens is the most common blood parasite in europe causing babesiosis, a tick-borne malaria-like disease. despite an increasing focus on b. divergens, especially regarding veterinary and human medicine, the sexual development of babesia is poorly understood. development of babesia sexual stages in the host blood (gametocytes) plays a decisive role in parasite acquisition by the tick vector. however, the exact mechanism of gametocytogenesis is still unexplained. | 2016 | 27502772 |
| babesia spp. in ticks and wildlife in different habitat types of slovakia. | babesiosis is an emerging and potentially zoonotic disease caused by tick-borne piroplasmids of the babesia genus. new genetic variants of piroplasmids with unknown associations to vectors and hosts are recognized. data on the occurrence of babesia spp. in ticks and wildlife widen the knowledge on the geographical distribution and circulation of piroplasmids in natural foci. questing and rodent-attached ticks, rodents, and birds were screened for the presence of babesia-specific dna using molecu ... | 2016 | 27207099 |
| hepatic tissue damage induced in meriones ungliculatus due to infection with babesia divergens-infected erythrocytes. | babesia divergens is an intraerythrocytic parasite which is capable of infecting a wide range of vertebrates causing huge economic losses. histopathological, hematological and biochemical changes during b. divergens infection in female meriones ungliculatus were reported. animals were challenged with 5 × 10(6) b. divergens-infected erythrocytes. parasitemia were maximum at day 5 postinfection where all gerbils died. infection of gerbils with babesia induced a significant decrease in erythrocytic ... | 2010 | 23961068 |
| sika deer carrying babesia parasites closely related to b. divergens, japan. | | 0 | 25061853 |
| molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens in nigerian ticks. | a molecular epidemiology investigation was undertaken in two nigerian states (plateau and nassarawa) to determine the prevalence of pathogens of veterinary and public health importance associated with ticks collected from cattle and dogs using pcr, cloning and sequencing or reverse line blot techniques. a total of 218 tick samples, amblyomma variegatum (n=153), rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus (n=45), and rhipicephalus sanguineus (n=20) were sampled. pathogens identified in ticks included p ... | 2012 | 22326937 |
| transmission differentials for multiple pathogens as inferred from their prevalence in larva, nymph and adult of ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae). | ixodes ricinus serves as vector for a range of microorganisms capable of causing clinical illness in humans. the microorganisms occur in the same vector populations and are generally affected by the same tick-host interactions. still, the instars have different host preferences which should manifest in different transmission patterns for various microorganisms in the tick populations, i.e., most microorganisms increase in prevalence rate from larvae to nymphs because their reservoirs are among s ... | 2017 | 28255923 |
| molecular survey on the presence of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in wild red deer (cervus elaphus). | to estimate the prevalence of some zoonotic tick-borne pathogens in red deer (cervus elaphus) living in italian areas with high risk of arthropod exposure, blood samples from 60 red deer were tested by pcr for a. phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi s.l., coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, and piroplasms. thirty-four (56.67%) animals resulted positive for one or more pathogens. in particular, 24 (40%) red deer were positive for a. phagocytophilum, 16 (26.67%) for babesia divergens, 6 (1 ... | 2016 | 27477510 |
| molecular analysis of anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia divergens in red deer (cervus elaphus) in western austria. | wild ungulates may act as reservoirs of various vector borne pathogens that can infect humans and domestic animals. in the present study, blood samples from 196 red deer (cervus elaphus) from western austria (vorarlberg, tyrol and salzburg) were collected on filter paper and tested for anaplasmataceae, piroplasmida, rickettsia and filarioid helminths using molecular tools. babesia divergens was detected in ten (5.1%) and anaplasma phagocytophilum in three (1.5%) of the 196 samples. filarioid hel ... | 2017 | 27417532 |
| seroprevalence of seven pathogens transmitted by the ixodes ricinus tick in forestry workers in france. | in order to assess the level of occupational exposure to the main pathogens transmitted by the ixodes ricinus tick, a seroprevalence study was performed on serum samples collected in 2003 from 2975 forestry workers of northeastern france. the global seroprevalence estimated for the seven pathogens studied was 14.1% (419/2975) for borrelia burgdorferi sl, 5.7% (164/2908) for francisella tularensis, 2.3% (68/2941) for tick-borne encephalitis virus, 1.7% (50/2908) for anaplasma phagocytophilum and ... | 2016 | 27237545 |
| seasonal activity and tick-borne pathogen infection rates of ixodes ricinus ticks in hungary. | ixodes ricinus is the most important tick species in europe as it is most widely distributed and transmits the majority of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens. as limited data are available for hungary, the aim of the present study was to investigate the seasonal timing of questing by i. ricinus and the infection rate of this tick species with all major tick-borne zoonotic pathogens. monthly collections of i. ricinus were carried out over 3 consecutive years by dragging a blanket in 6 biotopes represe ... | 2012 | 22445929 |
| the parasitic fauna of the european bison (bison bonasus) (linnaeus, 1758) and their impact on the conservation. part 1. the summarising list of parasites noted. | during the current century, 88 species of parasites have been recorded in bison bonasus. these are 22 species of protozoa (trypanosoma wrublewskii, t. theileri, giardia sp., sarcocystis cruzi, s. hirsuta, s. hominis, s. fusiformis, neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii, cryptosporidium sp., eimeria cylindrica, e. subspherica, e. bovis, e. zuernii, e. canadensis, e. ellipsoidalis, e. alabamensis, e. bukidnonensis, e. auburnensis, e. pellita, e. brasiliensis, babesia divergens), 4 trematodes species ... | 2014 | 25119348 |
| molecular and parasitological survey of bovine piroplasms in the black sea region, including the first report of babesiosis associated with babesia divergens in turkey. | clinical cases of babesiosis were evaluated, and the frequency of bovine babesia and theileria parasites was determined in cattle. blood samples and thin blood smears were collected from 23 cattle exhibiting clinical signs of babesiosis. in addition, tick and blood samples were collected from 100 apparently healthy cattle cograzing from the same area. egg masses obtained from fully engorged female ticks were included. dna isolated from blood and tick samples was screened for babesia and theileri ... | 2015 | 26336265 |
| vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead. | summary bovine babesiosis caused by the tick-transmitted haemoprotozoans babesia bovis, babesia bigemina and babesia divergens commonly results in substantial cattle morbidity and mortality in vast world areas. although existing live vaccines confer protection, they have considerable disadvantages. therefore, particularly in countries where large numbers of cattle are at risk, important research is directed towards improved vaccination strategies. here a comprehensive overview of currently used ... | 2014 | 25068315 |
| monitoring piroplasms infection in three cattle farms in minorca (balearic islands, spain) with previous history of clinical piroplamosis. | bovine piroplasmosis are tick-borne protozoan diseases caused by parasites of the genera theileria and babesia. three friesian cattle farms (f1-f3) with previous history of clinical piroplamosis were selected in minorca (balearic islands, spain). blood samples were collected from 8 to 11 animals every two months throughout a year and, a newly developed multiplex dna bead-based suspension array based on the luminex(®) xmap technology was used to monitor for the presence of piroplasms. the assay i ... | 2012 | 22884914 |
| human exposure to piroplasms in central and northern italy. | ta serosurvey has been conducted in northern and central italy to investigate the presence in humans of antibodies against zoonotic babesia and theileria species. the study focused on a total of 432 volunteers, of which 290 were persistently exposed to tick bites because of their jobs (forester employees, livestock keepers, veterinary practitioners, farmers and hunters) and 142 resident in the same area less frequently exposed. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for humans was used to ... | 2014 | 24715592 |
| structural and functional characterization of bc28.1, major erythrocyte-binding protein from babesia canis merozoite surface. | babesiosis (formerly known as piroplasmosis) is a tick-borne disease caused by the intraerythrocytic development of protozoa parasites from the genus babesia. like plasmodium falciparum, the agent of malaria, or toxoplasma gondii, responsible for human toxoplasmosis, babesia belongs to the apicomplexa family. babesia canis is the agent of the canine babesiosis in europe. clinical manifestations of this disease range from mild to severe and possibly lead to death by multiple organ failure. the id ... | 2012 | 22294693 |
| possible transfusion-transmitted babesia divergens-like/mo-1 in an arkansas patient. | a patient with asplenia and multiple red blood cell transfusions acquired babesiosis infection with babesia divergens-like/mo-1 and not babesia microti, the common united states species. he had no known tick exposure. this is believed to be the first transfusion-transmitted case and the fifth documented case of babesia divergens-like/mo-1. | 2017 | 28329282 |
| a multiple antigen elisa to detect neospora-specific antibodies in bovine sera, bovine foetal fluids, ovine and caprine sera. | neospora caninum is a cyst-forming coccidian parasite recently identified as a cause of abortion in cattle. the epidemiology of neosporosis is poorly understood, partly because accurate diagnosis of infection is difficult. in this paper we describe the development of a multiple antigen-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to n. caninum in sera from cattle, sheep and goats as well as from bovine foetal fluids. a water-soluble fraction (wsf) of sonicated nc-1 strain ... | 1998 | 9777723 |
| a novel flow cytometric application discriminates among the effects of chemical inhibitors on various phases of babesia divergens intraerythrocytic cycle. | human babesiosis is a global emerging infectious disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus babesia. its biology has remained largely unexplored due to a lack of critical tools and techniques required to define the various stages and phases of the parasite's cycle in its host rbc and the interplay between host and parasite. this article presents a powerful set of tools combining stage synchronization of the parasite with a platform that encompasses both a flow cytometric evaluati ... | 2017 | 28207983 |
| molecular evidence of a new babesia sp. in goats. | in this study, a novel babesia sp. infecting goats was detected and its phylogenetic relationship to related species was determined. a total of 200 blood samples collected from sheep (n=78) and goats (n=122) were examined in the study. the v4 hypervariable region of the 18s rrna gene of the novel babesia sp. was amplified by pcr and analysed using a reverse line blot hybridization assay adapted for small ruminants. samples from seven goats hybridized to theileria/babesia catch-all and babesia ca ... | 2017 | 28043378 |
| human babesiosis: an emerging tick-borne disease. | human babesiosis is an important emerging tick-borne disease. babesia divergens, a parasite of cattle, has been implicated as the most common agent of human babesiosis in europe, causing severe disease in splenectomized individuals. in the us, babesia microti, a babesial parasite of small mammals, has been the cause of over 300 cases of human babesiosis since 1969, resulting in mild to severe disease, even in non-splenectomised patients. changing ecology has contributed greatly to the increase a ... | 2000 | 11113258 |
| invasion, and short- and long-term survival of babesia divergens (phylum apicomplexa) cultures in non-bovine sera and erythrocytes. | in order to explore the feasibility of producing a babesia divergens live vaccine free of bovine material contaminants the parasite's ability to grow in human, sheep and horse erythrocytes and serum and serum-free medium was investigated. b. divergens was successfully maintained in bovine erythrocytes overlaid with serum-free hl-1 medium. supplementation of the culture medium with bovine or sheep serum improved parasite growth (monitored by measuring parasitaemia and uptake of tritiated hypoxant ... | 2002 | 12118713 |
| babesia and plasmodia increase host erythrocyte permeability through distinct mechanisms. | human erythrocytes infected with plasmodium falciparum have markedly increased permeability to diverse solutes, many of which may be mediated by an unusual small conductance ion channel, the plasmodial surface anion channel (psac). because these increases may be essential for parasite survival in the bloodstream, an important question is whether other intraerythrocytic parasites induce similar ion channels. here, we examined this question using human erythrocytes infected with babesia divergens, ... | 2007 | 17087736 |
| phylogenetic and biologic evidence that babesia divergens is not endemic in the united states. | the causative agent of human babesiosis in a kentucky case, which was first identified as babesia divergens, is identical to a parasite of eastern cottontail rabbits on nantucket island, massachusetts based on piroplasm size, morphology, and ribosomal rna sequence analysis. studies showing differential infectivity for cattle, host erythrocyte specificity in vitro, parasite size and morphology in vitro, and ribosomal rna sequences clearly demonstrate that the parasite from the rabbit (conspecific ... | 2006 | 17135561 |
| babesia divergens becoming extinct in cattle of northeast hungary: new data on the past and present situation. | previously unpublished data from 1958 to 1967 attest the occurrence of babesia divergens in cattle in several endemic foci of northeast hungary. during that period the number of clinical cases showed fluctuation with intervals of 4-5 years and monophasic seasonality (peaking in june). in order to assess the current status of bovine babesiosis in that region, blood samples were collected from 654 cattle on 44 farms of 36 settlements in or near the endemic area during 2005, and serum levels of igg ... | 2006 | 17278721 |
| inhibition of human erythrocyte invasion by babesia divergens using serine protease inhibitors. | | 2007 | 17320984 |
| first case of human babesiosis in germany - clinical presentation and molecular characterisation of the pathogen. | babesiosis is a common infection of animals and is gaining increasing attention as an emerging tick-borne zoonosis of humans in europe. here we report on the first case of human babesiosis in germany in a 63-year-old splenectomised german patient with a relapse of nodular lymphocyte-predominant hodgkin's lymphoma. after treatment with a chimeric anti-cd20 antibody preparation (rituximab), the patient was hospitalised because of anaemia and dark urine from haemoglobinuria. presumptive diagnosis o ... | 2007 | 17350888 |
| the solution structure of the adhesion protein bd37 from babesia divergens reveals structural homology with eukaryotic proteins involved in membrane trafficking. | babesia divergens is the apicomplexa agent of the bovine babesiosis in europe: this infection leads to growth and lactation decrease, so that economical losses due to this parasite are sufficient to require the development of a vaccine. the major surface antigen of b. divergens has been described as a 37 kda protein glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (gpi)-anchored at the surface of the merozoite. the immuno-prophylactic potential of bd37 has been demonstrated, and we present here the high-resolutio ... | 2008 | 18035372 |
| [babesiosis, a little known zoonosis]. | babesiosis is an emerging tick borne zoonotic disease caused by intraerythrocytic parasites of the genus babesia. babesiosis is one of the most common infections of free-living animals worldwide but is perhaps most prevalent in rodents, carnivores, and cattle. this fact increases the concern about the emerging zoonosis. like the malaria agent plasmodium, the parasite babesia attacks and damages the host's red cells. babesia microti and babesia divergens cause human infections. in the usa, an end ... | 2007 | 18072299 |
| babesia divergens-like organisms from free-ranging chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) and roe deer (capreolus c. capreolus) are distinct from b. divergens of cattle origin - an epidemiological and molecular genetic investigation. | in 2005 and 2006, three adult female chamois (rupicapra r. rupicapra) were found dead with signs of acute babesial infection in the eastern swiss alps. pcr on dna extracted from blood or spleen of the carcasses revealed sequence identity of the amplified part of the 18s rrna gene with genbank entries attributed to babesia divergens of cattle origin or b. capreoli of wild ruminant origin which have never been described before in this region. examination of 424 blood samples from 314 head of cattl ... | 2008 | 18400402 |
| the apicomplexan parasite babesia divergens internalizes band 3, glycophorin a and spectrin during invasion of human red blood cells. | plasmodium falciparum invades human red blood cells (rbc), while babesia divergens infects bovine and, occasionally, human rbc. the mammalian rbc is normally unable to endocytose or phagocytose and the events leading to invasion are incompletely understood. initially, both parasites are surrounded by the rbc plasma membrane-derived parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (pvm) that is formed during invasion. in p. falciparum-infected rbc, the pvm persists at least until parasite replication is complet ... | 2015 | 25628009 |
| severe human babesia divergens infection in norway. | human babesiosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening parasitic disease transmitted by ixodid ticks, and has not previously been reported in norway. we report a case of severe babesiosis that occurred in norway in 2007. the patient had previously undergone a splenectomy. he was frequently exposed to tick bites in an area endemic for bovine babesiosis in the west of norway. the patient presented with severe haemolysis and multiorgan failure. giemsa-stained blood smears revealed 30% parasita ... | 2015 | 25541295 |
| adaptation of three babesia divergens isolates to continuous culture in rat erythrocytes. | three babesia divergens isolates have been cultured continuously for 6 months in rat erythrocytes using the candle jar technique. one isolate was already rat-adapted, the other two became adapted to rats through continuous culturing in rat erythrocytes. babesia was cultured in rat erythrocytes in rpmi medium supplemented with 20% foetal calf serum. the highest parasitaemia was 35% and multi-parasitization of red blood cells was often observed. cultures of b. divergens remained infective to splen ... | 2004 | 15125537 |
| course of infection by babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) and b. divergens in sheep depends on the production of ifngamma and il10. | ovine babesiosis is an important disease in china and responsible for economic losses. several babesia strains are involved, but babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) and babesia sp. bq1 (ningxian) are particularly prevalent in the guansu region. babesia divergens, in contrast, can experimentally infect spleen-intact sheep, but does not induce clinical signs. the immune response of spleen-intact sheep to babesia sp. bq1 (lintan) and to b. divergens was therefore compared to identify the immune mechanisms inv ... | 2010 | 20070828 |
| immunity of babesia divergens in the rat. histology of the infected liver and its possible role in removing prbc's. | the ability of immune rats to resist challenge with babesia divergens depends upon mechanisms which are largely spleen independent. the possible removal of b. divergens prec's by the livers of immune splenectomised rats was investigated. the clearance of cr51 labeled b. divergens infected erythrocytes was followed in splenectomised rats to test whether cr51 labeled prec's are cleared from the circulation of immune rats through uptake and phagocytosis by the liver. no significant difference was o ... | 2004 | 15587308 |
| new insight into the mechanism of accumulation and intraerythrocytic compartmentation of albitiazolium, a new type of antimalarial. | bis-thiazolium salts constitute a new class of antihematozoan drugs that inhibit parasite phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. they specifically accumulate in plasmodium- and babesia-infected red blood cells (irbc). here, we provide new insight into the choline analogue albitiazolium, which is currently being clinically tested against severe malaria. concentration-dependent accumulation in p. falciparum-infected erythrocytes reached steady state after 90 to 120 min and was massive throughout the bl ... | 2014 | 25001307 |
| risk assessment of transfusion-associated babesiosis in tyrol: appraisal by seroepidemiology and polymerase chain reaction. | after malaria, babesiosis is the second most common transfusion-transmitted parasitic disease in the united states. in europe, one reported transfusion case, concerning babesia microti, occurred in germany. | 2014 | 24673158 |
| the efficacy of the ultraviolet c pathogen inactivation system in the reduction of babesia divergens in pooled buffy coat platelets. | babesia spp. is an intraerythrocytic parasite that causes human babesiosis and its transmission by transfusion has been extensively demonstrated. the aim of this study was to ascertain the efficacy of an ultraviolet c (uvc)-based pathogen inactivation system in the reduction of babesia divergens-infected platelet (plt) concentrates and to determine the parasite's ability to survive in plt concentrates stored under blood bank conditions. | 2014 | 24666393 |
| severe babesiosis in immunocompetent man, spain, 2011. | | 2014 | 24656155 |
| identification of binding domains on red blood cell glycophorins for babesia divergens. | invasion of red blood cells (rbcs) is one of the critical points in the lifecycle of babesia. the parasite does not invade other host cells. earlier work has shown that gpa and gpb function as putative receptors during parasite invasion. the primary focus of this study was the delineation of parasite-binding domains on gpa and gpb. | 2014 | 23944874 |
| babesia: impact of cold storage on the survival and the viability of parasites in blood bags. | babesia represents one of the major infectious threats to the blood supply since clinically silent infections in humans are common and these can be life-threatening in certain recipients. it is important to understand the effect of blood storage conditions on the viability of babesia as this will impact the occurrence and severity of transfusion-transmitted babesiosis. | 2014 | 23888882 |
| role of quinine in life-threatening babesia divergens infection successfully treated with clindamycin. | | 2005 | 15616840 |
| hydrophobic moeties in recombinant proteins are crucial to generate efficient saponin-based vaccine against apicomplexan babesia divergens. | throughout europe, bovine babesiosis is mainly caused by babesia divergens, an apicomplexan parasite transmitted by tick bites. the intra-erythrocytic development of b. divergens merozoites leads to haemolytic anaemia, and bovine babesiosis is responsible for economic losses in the agro-business industry. a totally efficient recombinant vaccine based on the merozoite surface protein bd37 and saponin quila was recently described. in the present study we determined that protective immunity elicite ... | 2006 | 16199111 |
| erythema figuratum in septic babesiosis. | babesiosis is a rare worldwide-distributed protozoal zoonosis caused by a haemoprotozoan of the genus babesia, transmitted through bites of tick of the genus ixodes. the first demonstrated case of human babesiosis in the world was discovered in europe, in 1957. however, most of the cases were reported later in the north-east of the united states where babesia microti has been the cause of over 300 cases of human babesiosis since 1969. in europe, the most severe cases are observed in asplenic pat ... | 2006 | 16836504 |
| potent antihematozoan activity of novel bisthiazolium drug t16: evidence for inhibition of phosphatidylcholine metabolism in erythrocytes infected with babesia and plasmodium spp. | a leading bisthiazolium drug, t16, designed to mimic choline, was shown to exert potent antibabesial activity, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 28 and 7 nm against babesia divergens and b. canis, respectively. t16 accumulated inside babesia-infected erythrocytes (cellular accumulation ratio, >60) by a saturable process with an apparent k(m) of 0.65 microm. subcellular fractionation of babesia parasites revealed the accumulation of t16 into a low-density fraction, while in malaria-infected e ... | 2006 | 17005821 |
| evaluation of an indirect fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of serum antibodies against babesia divergens in humans. | since an indirect fluorescence immunoassay (ifa) for the detection of specific antibodies against babesia divergens in human sera is not commercially available, an in-house prepared b. divergens ifa for the examination of bovine sera was established for serological studies in humans. to determine whether the described ifa is appropriate for such studies, 2 b. divergens antigens (of human or bovine origin) were tested using serum samples obtained from febrile human patients with a history of 'tic ... | 2007 | 17032478 |
| antibody prevalence and molecular identification of babesia spp. in roe deer in france. | in a region-wide serologic study carried out in 2004 on free-ranging hunted roe deer in various landscapes, we found that 58% of the animals (237 out of 406) were antibody positive for babesia divergens antigen. serologic and infection status was also analyzed for 327 roe deer live-trapped in two fenced forest areas over 5 yr (2004-08). for two consecutive years during this period, 92 and 94% of the deer in these closed populations were antibody-positive for b. divergens. babesia spp. were isola ... | 2012 | 22493116 |
| modelling bovine babesiosis: a tool to simulate scenarios for pathogen spread and to test control measures for the disease. | tick-borne diseases are of increasing concern in many countries, particularly as a consequence of changes in land use and climate. ticks are vectors of numerous pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa) that can be harmful to humans and animals. in the context of animal health, bovine babesiosis poses a recurrent threat to cattle herds. in this study, we use a modeling approach to investigate the spread of babesiosis and evaluate control measures. a previously developed tick population dynamics mo ... | 2012 | 22341037 |
| evaluation of the inhibitory effect of n-acetyl-l-cysteine on babesia and theileria parasites. | n-acetyl-l-cysteine is known to have antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, and antioxidant activities. therefore, the in vitro inhibitory effect of this hit was evaluated in the present study on the growth of babesia and theileria parasites. the in vitro growth of babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, babesia divergens, theileria equi, and babesia caballi that were tested was significantly inhibited (p < 0.05) by micromolar concentrations of n-acetyl-l-cysteine. the inhibitory effect of n-acetyl-l- ... | 2017 | 28655583 |
| molecular identification and characterization of piroplasm species in hokkaido sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), japan. | babesia and theileria species are tick-borne protozoan parasites that have a veterinary and zoonotic importance. in order to investigate the prevalence and genetic diversity of these parasites, a total of 269 sika deer blood dna samples collected from hokkaido, japan, were examined for babesia and theileria species by touch-down pcr targeting the 18s rrna gene. reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization was then used to detect 12 piroplasm species. the results revealed that 95.5% (257/269), 94.1% (25 ... | 2017 | 28651947 |
| prevalence and distribution of borrelia and babesia species in ticks feeding on dogs in the u.k. | ticks were collected during march-july 2015 from dogs by veterinarians throughout the u.k. and used to estimate current prevalences and distributions of pathogens. dna was extracted from 4750 ticks and subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis to identify borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) and babesia (piroplasmida: babesiidae) species. of 4737 ticks [predominantly ixodes ricinus linneaus (ixodida: ixodidae)], b. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in ... | 2017 | 28846148 |
| high-resolution melting pcr assay, applicable for diagnostics and screening studies, allowing detection and differentiation of several babesia spp. infecting humans and animals. | the goal of the study was to design a single tube pcr test for detection and differentiation of babesia species in dna samples obtained from diverse biological materials. a multiplex, single tube pcr test was designed for amplification of approximately 400 bp region of the babesia 18s rrna gene. universal primers were designed to match dna of multiple babesia spp. and to have low levels of similarity to dna sequences of other intracellular protozoa and babesia hosts. the pcr products amplified f ... | 2017 | 28795223 |
| molecular identification and antigenic characterization of babesia divergens erythrocyte binding protein (bdebp) as a potential vaccine candidate. | host cell invasion is the only step where babesia parasites are extracellular, and their survival is menaced during this step. therefore, interfering with this critical stage is a target for an anti-babesia intervention strategy. in this regard, recombinant protein encoding babesia divergens erythrocyte binding protein (bdebp) was produced in escherichia coli in the current study, and its antiserum was prepared in mice for further molecular characterization. western blotting and indirect fluores ... | 2017 | 28743470 |
| anti-babesia microti antibodies in foresters highly exposed to tick bites in poland. | human babesiosis caused by babesia microti and babesia divergens parasites is an emerging tick-borne disease worldwide. the prevalence of infection and frequency of the disease caused by b. microti in europe is not well known. the aim of our study was to evaluate the frequency of anti-b. microti antibodies in the serum of forest employees (a population highly exposed to tick bites) from 2 different regions of poland. | 2010 | 21142620 |
| the invasion process of bovine erythrocyte by babesia divergens: knowledge from an in vitro assay. | abstract: babesia divergens is a tick-transmitted apicomplexan parasite for which asexual multiplication in its vertebrate hosts is restricted to erythrocytes. current knowledge of invasion of these target cells is limited. an efficient in vitro invasion assay was set up to gain access to this information. parasites prepared from infected rbc, lysed by electroporation, and mixed with bovine rbc in a selected synthetic medium (rpmi 1640 supplemented with calcium) were able to establish subsequent ... | 2011 | 21569363 |
| recombinant protein bd37 protected gerbils against heterologous challenges with isolates of babesia divergens polymorphic for the bd37 gene. | the bd37gene encoding for a glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol anchored protein of babesia divergens displays genetic polymorphisms among isolates. five major polymorphic groups (clades) were shown by pcr-rflp among different b. divergens isolates. each group has been characterized according to a reference bd37 gene (rouen87, w8843, y5, 6303e and 1705b). recombinant (gst fusion) protein (bd37r) expressed from the bd37 gene, was used as antigen in a saponin-based formulation and was able to protect g ... | 2007 | 17038236 |
| fosmidomycin uptake into plasmodium and babesia-infected erythrocytes is facilitated by parasite-induced new permeability pathways. | highly charged compounds typically suffer from low membrane permeability and thus are generally regarded as sub-optimal drug candidates. nonetheless, the highly charged drug fosmidomycin and its more active methyl-derivative fr900098 have proven parasiticidal activity against erythrocytic stages of the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. both compounds target the isoprenoid biosynthesis pathway present in bacteria and plastid-bearing organisms, like apicomplexan parasites. surprisingly, the ... | 2011 | 21573242 |
| development of culture-based serological assays to diagnose babesia divergens infections. | abstract babesioses are hematic tick-borne diseases that induce malaria-like disorders in domestic, wild animals, and humans. although indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) commercial kits are available to test the presence of antibodies against most babesia species, no kit exists to serologically diagnose the infections due to babesia divergens, one of the most important zoonotic species. to fill this gap and to develop assays to detect animal ... | 2011 | 21995263 |
| splenic dysfunction from celiac disease resulting in severe babesiosis. | we describe a 79-year-old irish man who, because he had hyposplenism and splenic atrophy due to adult celiac disease, became critically ill from a severe babesia divergens infection. greater awareness of the possible consequences of splenic dysfunction from adult celiac disease, such as serious pneumococcal infections and babesiosis, is warranted. | 2017 | 28286145 |
| monoclonal antibodies that recognize the alkylation signature of antimalarial ozonides oz277 (arterolane) and oz439 (artefenomel). | the singular structure of artemisinin, with its embedded 1,2,4-trioxane heterocycle, has inspired the discovery of numerous semisynthetic artemisinin and structurally diverse synthetic peroxide antimalarials, including ozonides oz277 (arterolane) and oz439 (artefenomel). despite the critical importance of artemisinin combination therapies (acts), the precise mode of action of peroxidic antimalarials is not fully understood. however, it has long been proposed that the peroxide bond in artemisinin ... | 2016 | 26819968 |
| babesia divergens builds a complex population structure composed of specific ratios of infected cells to ensure a prompt response to changing environmental conditions. | babesia parasites cause a malaria-like febrile illness by infection of red blood cells (rbcs). despite the growing importance of this tick-borne infection, its basic biology has been neglected. using novel synchronization tools, the sequence of intra-erythrocytic events was followed from invasion through development and differentiation to egress. the dynamics of the parasite population were studied in culture, revealing for the first time, the complete array of morphological forms in a precursor ... | 2016 | 26663747 |
| a case of severe babesiosis treated successfully with exchange transfusion. | babesiosis is a zoonotic disease that may be asymptomatic or result in severe clinical conditions, with severe hemolysis, hepatic, and renal failure, in humans. clinical symptoms depend on the species and immune status of the host. the disease is especially severe in those of advanced age, those with an immune deficiency, and the splenectomized. a severe case of babesiosis that developed in a splenectomy patient is presented here; the patient was admitted from a rural region with severe anemia a ... | 2015 | 26232090 |
| babesia divergens apical membrane antigen-1 (bdama-1): a poorly polymorphic protein that induces a weak and late immune response. | babesiosis is an important veterinary and zoonotic tick borne disease caused by the hemoprotozoan babesia spp. which infects red blood cell of its vertebrate host. in order to control the infection, vaccination that targets molecules involved in the invasion process of red blood cells could provide a good alternative to chemotherapy. among these molecules, apical membrane antigen-1 (ama-1) has been described as an excellent vaccine candidate in plasmodium spp. in this paper, we have investigated ... | 2015 | 25956948 |
| morphological and molecular descriptors of the developmental cycle of babesia divergens parasites in human erythrocytes. | human babesiosis, especially caused by the cattle derived babesia divergens parasite, is on the increase, resulting in renewed attentiveness to this potentially life threatening emerging zoonotic disease. the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology and intra-erythrocytic development of these parasites are poorly understood. this impedes concerted efforts aimed at the discovery of novel anti-babesiacidal agents. by applying sensitive cell biological and molecular functional genomics t ... | 2015 | 25955414 |
| first report of babesia divergens infection in an hiv patient. | human babesiosis is a zoonosis primarily transmitted through ixodes ticks and alternatively by routes such as blood transfusions from asymptomatic donors. we report the first case of human babesiosis caused by babesia divergens in a patient with hiv. this study also focuses on elucidating the possible transmission route of infection in this patient, who received numerous blood transfusions but showed patent symptoms only after splenectomy. a battery of detection tools along with a novel western- ... | 2015 | 25686807 |
| a retrospective serological survey on human babesiosis in belgium. | in europe, most clinical babesiosis cases in humans have been attributed to babesia divergens and babesia sp. eu1. babesia microti infection of humans occurs mainly in the united states; although a case of autochthonous b. microti infection and serological evidence of infection have been reported in europe. the indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to screen sera from 199 anonymous belgian patients with history of tick bite and clinical symptoms compatible with a tick-borne disease. the se ... | 2015 | 25636942 |
| genetic variability of babesia parasites in haemaphysalis spp. and ixodes persulcatus ticks in the baikal region and far east of russia. | to study babesia diversity in ixodid ticks in russia, ixodes persulcatus, haemaphysalis japonica, haemaphysalisconcinna, dermacentor silvarum, and dermacentor nuttalli ticks collected in the far east and baikal region were assayed for the presence of babesia spp. using nested pcr. in total, babesia dna was detected in 30 of the 1125 (2.7%) i. persulcatus, 17 of the 573 (3.0%) h. concinna, and 12 of the 543 (2.2%) h. japonica but was undetectable in any of the 294 analyzed dermacentor spp. partia ... | 2014 | 25460820 |
| high-quality draft genome sequence of babesia divergens, the etiological agent of cattle and human babesiosis. | babesia divergens causes significant morbidity and mortality in cattle and splenectomized or immunocompromised individuals. here, we present a 10.7-mb high-quality draft genome of this parasite close to chromosome resolution that will enable comparative genome analyses and synteny studies among related parasites. | 2014 | 25395649 |