| the befuddling nature of mouse lemur hands and feet at bezà mahafaly, sw madagascar. | the reddish-gray mouse lemur (microcebus griseorufus) possesses striking phenotypic and behavioral variation. this project investigates differences in autopod proportions in neighboring populations of m. griseorufus from the special reserve at bezà mahafaly in southwest madagascar. one population resides in an environment generally preferred by m. griseorufus-a spiny forest with large-trunked trees, vertically-oriented supports, and more open ground, while the other resides in a gallery forest w ... | 2017 | 28605033 |
| torpor is not the only option: seasonal variations of the thermoneutral zone in a small primate. | the reddish-gray mouse lemur (microcebus griseorufus) is one of only a few small mammals inhabiting the spiny forest of southwestern madagascar. in this study we investigated the physiological adjustments which allow these small primates to persist under the challenging climatic conditions of their habitat. to this end we measured energy expenditure (metabolic rate) and body temperature of 24 naturally acclimatized mouse lemurs, kept in outdoor enclosures, during different seasons (summer, winte ... | 2014 | 24942312 |
| stable isotopes complement focal individual observations and confirm dietary variability in reddish-gray mouse lemurs (microcebus griseorufus) from southwestern madagascar. | we examine the ecology of reddish-gray mouse lemurs from three habitats at beza mahafaly special reserve using focal follows and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data. focal observations indicate dietary differences among habitats as well as sexes and seasons. both sexes consume more arthropods during the rainy season but overall, females consume more sugar-rich exudates and fruit than males, and individuals from riparian forest consume fewer arthropods and more fruit than those in xeric or dr ... | 2014 | 24898417 |
| biological variation in a large sample of mouse lemurs from amboasary, madagascar: implications for interpreting variation in primate biology and paleobiology. | a thorough knowledge of biological variation in extant primates is imperative for interpreting variation, and for delineating species in primate biology and paleobiology. this is especially the case given the recent, rapid taxonomic expansion in many primate groups, notably among small-bodied nocturnal forms. here we present data on dental, cranial, and pelage variation in a single-locality museum sample of mouse lemurs from amboasary, madagascar. to interpret these data, we include comparative ... | 2013 | 23245834 |
| spontaneous listeriosis in grey mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus), but not in goodman's mouse lemurs (microcebus lehilahytsara) of the same colony. | listeriosis is a zoonotic infection with the gram positive, facultative intracellular bacterium listeria (l.) monocytogenes. infections mainly occur in ruminants, but also in other species, including humans. case fatality rate usually is high. the incidence of listeriosis in captive non-human primates is very low. we report the first spontaneous, fatal, and likely food-born outbreak of listeriosis in a population of captive grey mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus). conspicuously, none of the close ... | 2017 | 28888657 |
| characterisation of urinary wfdc12 in small nocturnal basal primates, mouse lemurs (microcebus spp.). | mouse lemurs are basal primates that rely on chemo- and acoustic signalling for social interactions in their dispersed social systems. we examined the urinary protein content of two mouse lemurs species, within and outside the breeding season, to assess candidates used in species discrimination, reproductive or competitive communication. urine from microcebus murinus and microcebus lehilahytsara contain a predominant 10 kda protein, expressed in both species by some, but not all, males during th ... | 2017 | 28225021 |
| evidence of prolonged torpor in goodman's mouse lemurs at ankafobe forest, central madagascar. | the small-bodied mouse lemurs of madagascar (microcebus) are capable of heterothermy (i.e., torpor or hibernation). the expression of these energy-saving strategies has been physiologically demonstrated in three species: m. berthae, the pygmy mouse lemur (daily torpor), m. murinus, the gray mouse lemur (daily torpor and hibernation), and m. griseorufus, the reddish-gray mouse lemur (daily, prolonged torpor and hibernation). additional evidence, based on radiotracking and seasonal body mass chang ... | 2017 | 27848158 |
| vocal greeting during mother-infant reunions in a nocturnal primate, the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). | in human societies, ritualized greeting behavior includes gestural and vocal displays to signal the social acceptance of an encountering person. these displays are universal across cultures suggesting a pre-human origin. vocal greeting displays are only reported for monkeys and apes with complex social systems, but none of these studies confirmed that greeting signals fulfill all criteria characterizing human greeting behavior. in this study, we analyzed for the first time whether vocal exchange ... | 2017 | 28871099 |
| hair cortisol concentrations correlate negatively with survival in a wild primate population. | glucocorticoid hormones are known to play a key role in mediating a cascade of physiological responses to social and ecological stressors and can therefore influence animals' behaviour and ultimately fitness. yet, how glucocorticoid levels are associated with reproductive success or survival in a natural setting has received little empirical attention so far. here, we examined links between survival and levels of glucocorticoid in a small, short-lived primate, the grey mouse lemur (microcebus mu ... | 2017 | 28859635 |
| "i am going to groom you": multiple forms of play fighting in gray mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus). | play fighting is a commonly reported form of play that involves competitive interactions that generally do not escalate to serious fighting. although in many species what are competed over are the body targets that are bitten or struck in serious fighting, for many others, the competition can be over other forms of contact, such as sex, social grooming, and predation. in primates, the most detailed studies have been of species such as old world monkeys, that engage in play fighting that simulate ... | 2017 | 28857605 |
| population genetics of mouse lemur vomeronasal receptors: current versus past selection and demographic inference. | a major effort is underway to use population genetic approaches to identify loci involved in adaptation. one issue that has so far received limited attention is whether loci that show a phylogenetic signal of positive selection in the past also show evidence of ongoing positive selection at the population level. we address this issue using vomeronasal receptors (vrs), a diverse gene family in mammals involved in intraspecific communication and predator detection. in mouse lemurs, we previously d ... | 2017 | 28109265 |
| impaired fasting blood glucose is associated to cognitive impairment and cerebral atrophy in middle-aged non-human primates. | age-associated cognitive impairment is a major health and social issue because of increasing aged population. cognitive decline is not homogeneous in humans and the determinants leading to differences between subjects are not fully understood. in middle-aged healthy humans, fasting blood glucose levels in the upper normal range are associated with memory impairment and cerebral atrophy. due to a close evolutional similarity to man, non-human primates may be useful to investigate the relationship ... | 2016 | 28039490 |
| the effect of body mass and diet composition on torpor patterns in a malagasy primate (microcebus murinus). | one of the most obvious physiological changes accompanying seasonal heterothermy in mammals is a fattening stage preceding periods of resource scarcity. this phenomenon reflects the interplay of both diet and physiology. though the accrual of fat stores is known to be essential for overwintering in some species, the influence of diet on the physiology of torpor is not fully understood. results from captive studies in heterothermic rodents and marsupials have indicated that when autumn diets are ... | 2017 | 27830334 |
| dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces torpor use in a tropical daily heterotherm. | polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) are involved in a variety of physiological mechanisms, including heterothermy preparation and expression. however, the effects of the two major classes of pufas, n-6 and n-3, can differ substantially. while n-6 pufas enhance torpor expression, n-3 pufas reduce the ability to decrease body temperature. this negative impact of n-3 pufas has been revealed in temperate hibernators only. yet because tropical heterotherms generally experience higher ambient temperat ... | 2017 | 27792535 |
| the inbreeding strategy of a solitary primate, microcebus murinus. | inbreeding depression may be common in nature, reflecting either the failure of inbreeding avoidance strategies or inbreeding tolerance when avoidance is costly. the combined assessment of inbreeding risk, avoidance and depression is therefore fundamental to evaluate the inbreeding strategy of a population, that is how individuals respond to the risk of inbreeding. here, we use the demographic and genetic monitoring of 10 generations of wild grey mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus), small primates ... | 2017 | 27790777 |
| intraocular pressure in the smallest primate aging model: the gray mouse lemur. | the aim of this study was to assess the practicability of common tonometers used in veterinary medicine for rapid intraocular pressure (iop) screening, to calibrate iop values gained by the tonometers, and to define a reference iop value for the healthy eye in a new primate model for aging research, the gray mouse lemur. | 2016 | 27624923 |
| moderate evidence for a lombard effect in a phylogenetically basal primate. | when exposed to enhanced background noise, humans avoid signal masking by increasing the amplitude of the voice, a phenomenon termed the lombard effect. this auditory feedback-mediated voice control has also been found in monkeys, bats, cetaceans, fish and some frogs and birds. we studied the lombard effect for the first time in a phylogenetically basal primate, the grey mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. when background noise was increased, mouse lemurs were able to raise the amplitude of the voi ... | 2016 | 27602292 |
| effects of substrate size and orientation on quadrupedal gait kinematics in mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus). | as the smallest living primate, the mouse lemur is a suitable model for reconstructing the locomotor mechanisms by which primate ancestors might have responded to the challenges of an arboreal environment. in this study, we tested the effects of substrate diameter and orientation on quadrupedal gait kinematics in mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus). mouse lemurs highly preferred asymmetrical to symmetrical gaits as they moved across a flat board and poles of three diameters (2.5, 1.0, and 0.5 cm), ... | 2016 | 27222465 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus (primates, cheirogaleidae). | we report the high-coverage complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the gray mouse lemur microcebus murinus. the sequencing has been performed on an illumina hiseq 2500 platform, with a genome skimming strategy. the total length of this mitogenome is 16 963 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes and 1 non-coding region (d-loop region). the genome organization, nucleotide composition and codon usage are similar to those reported from other primate's ... | 2016 | 27158869 |
| scleral and corneal xanthomatous inflammation in a gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). | bilateral multifocal corneal opacity was detected in a 4.5-year-old male captive gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) without other clinical ocular changes. histopathological examination revealed a severe diffuse granulomatous scleritis and focal keratitis with intralesional cholesterol, consistent with xanthomatous inflammation. this is the first report of xanthomatous inflammation in a gray mouse lemur. this condition may be the result of systemic factors (lipid metabolism disorders) and/or l ... | 2017 | 27030164 |
| body mass loss correlates with cognitive performance in primates under acute caloric restriction conditions. | brain functions are known to consume high levels of energy, thus, the integrity of cognitive performance can be drastically impacted by acute caloric restriction. in this study, we tested the impact of a 40% caloric restriction on the cognitive abilities of the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). twenty-three male mouse lemurs were divided into two groups: 13 control animals (ctl) that were fed with 105kj/day and 10calorie restricted (cr) animals that received 40% less food (63kj/day) than th ... | 2016 | 26952885 |
| jumping stand apparatus reveals rapidly specific age-related cognitive impairments in mouse lemur primates. | the mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) is a promising primate model for investigating normal and pathological cerebral aging. the locomotor behavior of this arboreal primate is characterized by jumps to and from trunks and branches. many reports indicate insufficient adaptation of the mouse lemur to experimental devices used to evaluate its cognition, which is an impediment to the efficient use of this animal in research. in order to develop cognitive testing methods appropriate to the behavioral ... | 2015 | 26716699 |
| on-going frontal alpha rhythms are dominant in passive state and desynchronize in active state in adult gray mouse lemurs. | the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) is considered a useful primate model for translational research. in the framework of imi pharmacog project (grant agreement n°115009, www.pharmacog.org), we tested the hypothesis that spectral electroencephalographic (eeg) markers of motor and locomotor activity in gray mouse lemurs reflect typical movement-related desynchronization of alpha rhythms (about 8-12 hz) in humans. to this aim, eeg (bipolar electrodes in frontal cortex) and electromyographic ( ... | 2015 | 26618512 |
| host sex and age influence endoparasite burdens in the gray mouse lemur. | immunosenescence (deteriorating immune function at old age) affects humans and laboratory animals, but little is known about immunosenescence in natural populations despite its potential importance for population and disease dynamics and individual fitness. although life histories and immune system profiles often differ between the sexes, sex-specific effects of aging on health are rarely studied in the wild. life history theory predicts that due to their shorter lifespan and higher investment i ... | 2015 | 26435728 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus (primates, cheirogaleidae). | we report the high-coverage complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the gray mouse lemur microcebus murinus. the sequencing has been performed on an illumina hiseq 2500 platform, with a genome skimming strategy. the total length of this mitogenome is 16 963 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes and 1 non-coding region (d-loop region). the genome organization, nucleotide composition and codon usage are similar to those reported from other primate's ... | 2015 | 26308591 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus (primates, cheirogaleidae). | we report the high-coverage complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the gray mouse lemur microcebus murinus. the sequencing has been performed on an illumina hiseq 2500 platform, with a genome skimming strategy. the total length of this mitogenome is 16 963 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer rna genes, 2 ribosomal rna genes and 1 non-coding region (d-loop region). the genome organization, nucleotide composition and codon usage are similar to those reported from other primate's ... | 2015 | 26273924 |
| shades of gray mouse lemurs: ontogeny of female dominance and dominance-related behaviors in a nocturnal primate. | the ontogeny and establishment of dominance relationships in young individuals have been investigated in various group-living, diurnal primates but respective information is almost entirely lacking for nocturnal, non-gregarious species. as in many other mammals male primates often represent the dominant sex, but the opposite phenomenon (female dominance) is particularly frequent in lemurs, although almost nothing is known about its development. therefore, we investigated the development of inter ... | 2015 | 26212788 |
| need for speed: sexual maturation precedes social maturation in gray mouse lemurs. | the life history of mammals underlies a fast-slow continuum, ranging from "slow" species with large body size, delayed sexual maturation, low fertility, and long lifespan, to "fast" species showing the opposite traits. primates fall into the "slow" category, considering their relatively low offspring numbers and delayed juvenile development. however, social and sexual maturation processes do not necessarily have to be completed simultaneously. the comparison of the timeframes for sexual and soci ... | 2015 | 26119105 |
| the gray mouse lemur: a model for studies of primate metabolic rate depression. preface. | | 2015 | 26102318 |
| primate torpor: regulation of stress-activated protein kinases during daily torpor in the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. | very few selected species of primates are known to be capable of entering torpor. this exciting discovery means that the ability to enter a natural state of dormancy is an ancestral trait among primates and, in phylogenetic terms, is very close to the human lineage. to explore the regulatory mechanisms that underlie primate torpor, we analyzed signal transduction cascades to discover those involved in coordinating tissue responses during torpor. the responses of mitogen-activated protein kinase ... | 2015 | 26093282 |
| modulation of gene expression in key survival pathways during daily torpor in the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. | a variety of mammals employ torpor as an energy-saving strategy in environments of marginal or severe stress either on a daily basis during their inactive period or on a seasonal basis during prolonged multi-day hibernation. recently, a few madagascar lemur species have been identified as the only primates that exhibit torpor; one of these is the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). to explore the regulatory mechanisms that underlie daily torpor in a primate, we analyzed the expression of 28 s ... | 2015 | 26093281 |
| regulation of torpor in the gray mouse lemur: transcriptional and translational controls and role of ampk signaling. | the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) is one of few primate species that is able to enter daily torpor or prolonged hibernation in response to environmental stresses. with an emerging significance to human health research, lemurs present an optimal model for exploring molecular adaptations that regulate primate hypometabolism. a fundamental challenge is how to effectively regulate energy expensive cellular processes (e.g., transcription and translation) during transitions to/from torpor with ... | 2015 | 26092186 |
| cytokine and antioxidant regulation in the intestine of the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) during torpor. | during food shortages, the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) of madagascar experiences daily torpor thereby reducing energy expenditures. the present study aimed to understand the impacts of torpor on the immune system and antioxidant response in the gut of these animals. this interaction may be of critical importance given the trade-off between the energetically costly immune response and the need to defend against pathogen entry during hypometabolism. the protein levels of cytokines and an ... | 2015 | 26092185 |
| regulation of the pi3k/akt pathway and fuel utilization during primate torpor in the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. | gray mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus) from madagascar present an excellent model for studies of torpor regulation in a primate species. in the present study, we analyzed the response of the insulin signaling pathway as well as controls on carbohydrate sparing in six different tissues of torpid versus aroused gray mouse lemurs. we found that the relative level of phospho-insulin receptor substrate (irs-1) was significantly increased in muscle, whereas the level of phospho-insulin receptor (ir) w ... | 2015 | 26092184 |
| induction of antioxidant and heat shock protein responses during torpor in the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. | a natural tolerance of various environmental stresses is typically supported by various cytoprotective mechanisms that protect macromolecules and promote extended viability. among these are antioxidant defenses that help to limit damage from reactive oxygen species and chaperones that help to minimize protein misfolding or unfolding under stress conditions. to understand the molecular mechanisms that act to protect cells during primate torpor, the present study characterizes antioxidant and heat ... | 2015 | 26092183 |
| long-chain n-3 pufas from fish oil enhance resting state brain glucose utilization and reduce anxiety in an adult nonhuman primate, the grey mouse lemur. | decreased brain content of dha, the most abundant long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 lcpufa) in the brain, is accompanied by severe neurosensorial impairments linked to impaired neurotransmission and impaired brain glucose utilization. in the present study, we hypothesized that increasing n-3 lcpufa intake at an early age may help to prevent or correct the glucose hypometabolism observed during aging and age-related cognitive decline. the effects of 12 months' supplementation with n- ... | 2015 | 26063461 |
| when to initiate torpor use? food availability times the transition to winter phenotype in a tropical heterotherm. | timing of winter phenotype expression determines individual chances of survival until the next reproductive season. environmental cues triggering this seasonal phenotypic transition have rarely been investigated, although they play a central role in the compensation of climatic fluctuations via plastic phenotypic adjustments. initiation of winter daily torpor use-a widespread energy-saving phenotype-could be primarily timed according to anticipatory seasonal cues (anticipatory cues hypothesis), ... | 2015 | 25953115 |
| telomere regulation during ageing and tumorigenesis of the grey mouse lemur. | telomere erosion leading to replicative senescence has been well documented in human and anthropoid primates, and provides a clue against tumorigenesis. in contrast, other mammals, such as laboratory mice, with short lifespan and low body weight mass have different telomere biology without replicative senescence. we analyzed telomere biology in the grey mouse lemur, a small prosimian model with a relative long lifespan currently used in ageing research. we report an average telomere length by te ... | 2015 | 25882681 |
| the stress of growing old: sex- and season-specific effects of age on allostatic load in wild grey mouse lemurs. | chronic stress [i.e. long-term elevation of glucocorticoid (gc) levels] and aging have similar, negative effects on the functioning of an organism. aged individuals' declining ability to regulate gc levels may therefore impair their ability to cope with stress, as found in humans. the coping of aged animals with long-term natural stressors is virtually unstudied, even though the ability to respond appropriately to stressors is likely integral to the reproduction and survival of wild animals. to ... | 2015 | 25847061 |
| deficits of psychomotor and mnesic functions across aging in mouse lemur primates. | owing to a similar cerebral neuro-anatomy, non-human primates are viewed as the most valid models for understanding cognitive deficits. this study evaluated psychomotor and mnesic functions of 41 young to old mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus). psychomotor capacities and anxiety-related behaviors decreased abruptly from middle to late adulthood. however, mnesic functions were not affected in the same way with increasing age. while results of the spontaneous alternation task point to a progressive ... | 2014 | 25620921 |
| assessing the utility of whole genome amplified dna for next-generation molecular ecology. | dna quantity can be a hindrance in ecological and evolutionary research programmes due to a range of factors including endangered status of target organisms, available tissue type, and the impact of field conditions on preservation methods. a potential solution to low-quantity dna lies in whole genome amplification (wga) techniques that can substantially increase dna yield. to date, few studies have rigorously examined sequence bias that might result from wga and next-generation sequencing of no ... | 2015 | 25619406 |
| edge effects on morphometrics and body mass in two sympatric species of mouse lemurs in madagascar. | edge effects are an inevitable and important consequence of forest loss and fragmentation. these effects include changes in species biology and biogeography. here we examine variations in body mass and morphometrics for 2 sympatric species of mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus and m. ravelobensis) between edge and interior habitats in the dry deciduous forest at ankarafantsika national park. between may and august 2012, we conducted mark-recapture experiments on mouse lemurs trapped along edge and ... | 2014 | 25591622 |
| losing grip: senescent decline in physical strength in a small-bodied primate in captivity and in the wild. | muscle strength reflects physical functioning, declines at old age and predicts health and survival in humans and laboratory animals. age-associated muscle deterioration causes loss of strength and may impair fitness of wild animals. however, the effects of age and life-history characteristics on muscle strength in wild animals are unknown. we investigated environment- and sex-specific patterns of physical functioning by measuring grip strength in wild and captive gray mouse lemurs. we expected ... | 2015 | 25446501 |
| teeth, sex, and testosterone: aging in the world's smallest primate. | mouse lemurs (microcebus spp.) are an exciting new primate model for understanding human aging and disease. in captivity, microcebus murinus develops human-like ailments of old age after five years (e.g., neurodegeneration analogous to alzheimer's disease) but can live beyond 12 years. it is believed that wild microcebus follow a similar pattern of senescence observed in captive animals, but that predation limits their lifespan to four years, thus preventing observance of these diseases in the w ... | 2014 | 25354041 |
| functional promiscuity in a mammalian chemosensory system: extensive expression of vomeronasal receptors in the main olfactory epithelium of mouse lemurs. | the vomeronasal organ (vno) is functional in most terrestrial mammals, though progressively reduced in the primate lineage, and is used for intraspecific communication and predator recognition. vomeronasal receptor (vr) genes comprise two families of chemosensory genes (v1r and v2r) that have been considered to be specific for the vno. however, recently a large number of vrs were reported to be expressed in the main olfactory epithelium (moe) of mice, but there is little knowledge of the express ... | 2014 | 25309343 |
| touchscreen-based cognitive tasks reveal age-related impairment in a primate aging model, the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). | mouse lemurs are suggested to represent promising novel non-human primate models for aging research. however, standardized and cross-taxa cognitive testing methods are still lacking. touchscreen-based testing procedures have proven high stimulus control and reliability in humans and rodents. the aim of this study was to adapt these procedures to mouse lemurs, thereby exploring the effect of age. we measured appetitive learning and cognitive flexibility of two age groups by applying pairwise visu ... | 2014 | 25299046 |
| the utility of pacbio circular consensus sequencing for characterizing complex gene families in non-model organisms. | molecular characterization of highly diverse gene families can be time consuming, expensive, and difficult, especially when considering the potential for relatively large numbers of paralogs and/or pseudogenes. here we investigate the utility of pacific biosciences single molecule real-time (smrt) circular consensus sequencing (ccs) as an alternative to traditional cloning and sanger sequencing pcr amplicons for gene family characterization. we target vomeronasal gene receptors, one of the most ... | 2014 | 25159659 |
| age-associated evolution of plasmatic amyloid in mouse lemur primates: relationship with intracellular amyloid deposition. | alzheimer's disease (ad) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. amyloid-β peptide (aβ) deposition in the brain is one of its hallmarks, and the measure of plasma aβ is considered to be a biomarker for anti-amyloid drug efficacy in animal models of ad. however, age-associated plasmatic aβ modulation in animal models is practically never addressed in the literature. mouse lemur primates are used as a model of normal and ad-like cerebral aging. here, we studied the effect of age ... | 2015 | 25131002 |
| hearing and age-related changes in the gray mouse lemur. | in order to examine auditory thresholds and hearing sensitivity during aging in the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus), suggested to represent a model for early primate evolution and alzheimer research, we applied brainstem-evoked response audiometry (bera), traditionally used for screening hearing sensitivity in human babies. to assess the effect of age, we determined auditory thresholds in two age groups of adult mouse lemurs (young adults, 1-5 years; old adults, ≥7 years) using clicks and ... | 2014 | 25112886 |
| senescence or selective disappearance? age trajectories of body mass in wild and captive populations of a small-bodied primate. | classic theories of ageing consider extrinsic mortality (em) a major factor in shaping longevity and ageing, yet most studies of functional ageing focus on species with low em. this bias may cause overestimation of the influence of senescent declines in performance over condition-dependent mortality on demographic processes across taxa. to simultaneously investigate the roles of functional senescence (fs) and intrinsic, extrinsic and condition-dependent mortality in a species with a high predati ... | 2014 | 25100693 |
| shallow hypothermia depends on the level of fatty acid unsaturation in adipose and liver tissues in a tropical heterothermic primate. | optimal levels of unsaturated fatty acids have positive impacts on the use of prolonged bouts of hypothermia in mammalian hibernators, which generally have to face low winter ambient temperatures. unsaturated fatty acids can maintain the fluidity of fat and membrane phospholipids at low body temperatures. however, less attention has been paid to their role in the regulation of shallow hypothermia, and in tropical species, which may be challenged more by seasonal energetic and/or water shortages ... | 2014 | 24956961 |
| voxel-based morphometry analyses of in vivo mri in the aging mouse lemur primate. | cerebral atrophy is one of the most widely brain alterations associated to aging. a clear relationship has been established between age-associated cognitive impairments and cerebral atrophy. the mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) is a small primate used as a model of age-related neurodegenerative processes. it is the first non-human primate in which cerebral atrophy has been correlated with cognitive deficits. previous studies of cerebral atrophy in this model were based on time consuming manual d ... | 2014 | 24834052 |
| resveratrol metabolism in a non-human primate, the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus), using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight. | the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) is a non-human primate used to study the ageing process. resveratrol is a polyphenol that may increase lifespan by delaying age-associated pathologies. however, no information about resveratrol absorption and metabolism is available for this primate. resveratrol and its metabolites were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in male mouse-lemur plasma (after 200 mg.kg-1 of oral resveratrol) by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (uhplc), coup ... | 2014 | 24663435 |
| multilocus coalescent analyses reveal the demographic history and speciation patterns of mouse lemur sister species. | debate continues as to whether allopatric speciation or peripatric speciation through a founder effect is the predominant force driving evolution in vertebrates. the mouse lemurs of madagascar are a system in which evolution has generated a large number of species over a relatively recent time frame. here, we examine speciation patterns in a pair of sister species of mouse lemur, microcebus murinus and m. griseorufus. these two species have ranges that are disparately proportioned in size, with ... | 2014 | 24661555 |
| modeling the origins of mammalian sociality: moderate evidence for matrilineal signatures in mouse lemur vocalizations. | maternal kin selection is a driving force in the evolution of mammalian social complexity and it requires that kin are distinctive from nonkin. the transition from the ancestral state of asociality to the derived state of complex social groups is thought to have occurred via solitary foraging, in which individuals forage alone, but, unlike the asocial ancestors, maintain dispersed social networks via scent-marks and vocalizations. we hypothesize that matrilineal signatures in vocalizations were ... | 2014 | 24555438 |
| [is the biological clock central to the aging process? studies in a non-human primate]. | the ability of organisms to adapt to their environment during aging is altered. age-related disorders in human include disturbances of biological rhythms, especially sleep-wake rhythms alterations, and perturbations of body temperature and hormone secretion. the alteration of biological rhythms with age leads to major health consequences, particularly due to the alteration of sleep-wake rhythms that causes a strong alteration of the general condition. the study of these changes is therefore a ma ... | 2014 | 25840455 |
| light pollution modifies the expression of daily rhythms and behavior patterns in a nocturnal primate. | among anthropogenic pressures, light pollution altering light/dark cycles and changing the nocturnal component of the environment constitutes a threat for biodiversity. light pollution is widely spread across the world and continuously growing. however, despite the efforts realized to describe and understand the effects of artificial lighting on fauna, few studies have documented its consequences on biological rhythms, behavioral and physiological functions in nocturnal mammals. to determine the ... | 2013 | 24236115 |
| evaluating capture stress in wild gray mouse lemurs via repeated fecal sampling: method validation and the influence of prior experience and handling protocols on stress responses. | reliable measurements of physiological stress are increasingly needed for eco-physiological research and for species conservation or management. stress can be estimated by quantifying plasma glucocorticoid levels, but when this is not feasible, glucocorticoid metabolites are often measured from feces (fgcm). however, evidence is accumulating on the sensitivity of fgcm measurements to various nuisance factors. careful species- and context-specific validations are therefore necessary to confirm th ... | 2014 | 24212051 |
| effects of resveratrol on daily rhythms of locomotor activity and body temperature in young and aged grey mouse lemurs. | in several species, resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, activates sirtuin proteins implicated in the regulation of energy balance and biological clock processes. to demonstrate the effect of resveratrol on clock function in an aged primate, young and aged mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus) were studied over a 4-week dietary supplementation with resveratrol. spontaneous locomotor activity and daily variations in body temperature were continuously recorded. reduction in locomotor activity onset a ... | 2013 | 23983895 |
| mhc-disassortative mate choice and inbreeding avoidance in a solitary primate. | sexual selection theory suggests that choice for partners carrying dissimilar genes at the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) may play a role in maintaining genetic variation in animal populations by limiting inbreeding or improving the immunity of future offspring. however, it is often difficult to establish whether the observed mhc dissimilarity among mates drives mate choice or represents a by-product of inbreeding avoidance based on mhc-independent cues. here, we used 454-sequencing and ... | 2013 | 23889546 |
| calorie restriction and resveratrol supplementation prevent age-related dna and rna oxidative damage in a non-human primate. | oxidative stress is a key factor in the aging process and in the development of age-related diseases. because nutritional interventions such as caloric restriction (cr) delay the onset of age-related diseases and increase the lifespan of many species, the impact of a moderate cr was tested on male grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus), which have a median survival time of 5.7 years in captivity. the effects of cr on these lemurs were compared with a potential mimetic, resveratrol (rsv), a polyph ... | 2013 | 23860387 |
| amyloid beta immunization worsens iron deposits in the choroid plexus and cerebral microbleeds. | anti-amyloid beta (aβ) immunotherapy provides potential benefits in alzheimer's disease patients. nevertheless, strategies based on aβ1-42 peptide induced encephalomyelitis and possible microhemorrhages. these outcomes were not expected from studies performed in rodents. it is critical to determine if other animal models better predict side effects of immunotherapies. mouse lemur primates can develop amyloidosis with aging. here we used old lemurs to study immunotherapy based on aβ1-42 or aβ-der ... | 2013 | 23796662 |
| are shy individuals less behaviorally variable? insights from a captive population of mouse lemurs. | increasingly, individual variation in personality has become a focus of behavioral research in animal systems. boldness and shyness, often quantified as the tendency to explore novel situations, are seen as personality traits important to the fitness landscape of individuals. here we tested for individual differences within and across contexts in behavioral responses of captive mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus) to novel objects, novel foods, and handling. we report consistent differences in beha ... | 2013 | 23760536 |
| sleep deprivation impairs spatial retrieval but not spatial learning in the non-human primate grey mouse lemur. | a bulk of studies in rodents and humans suggest that sleep facilitates different phases of learning and memory process, while sleep deprivation (sd) impairs these processes. here we tested the hypothesis that sd could alter spatial learning and memory processing in a non-human primate, the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus), which is an interesting model of aging and alzheimer's disease (ad). two sets of experiments were performed. in a first set of experiments, we investigated the effects of ... | 2013 | 23717620 |
| [caloric restriction in primates: how efficient as an anti-aging approach?]. | caloric restriction (cr) is the only non-genetic intervention known to date to slow the onset of age-related diseases and increase average and maximum lifespan in several species. its interest is continually growing, particularly for the identification of mechanisms involved in increasing longevity. unlike studies in invertebrate and rodent models have provided some indication about the mechanisms of the cr, the efficacy of cr as an anti-aging protocol in primates has not yet been fully establis ... | 2012 | 23290408 |
| first evidence for functional vomeronasal 2 receptor genes in primates. | two classes of vomeronasal receptor genes, v1r and v2r, occur in vertebrates. whereas, v1r loci are found in a wide variety of mammals, including primates, intact v2r genes have thus far only been described in rodents and marsupials. in primates, the v2r repertoire has been considered degenerate. here, we identify for the first time two intact v2r loci in a strepsirrhine primate, the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus), and demonstrate their expression in the vomeronasal organ. putatively func ... | 2013 | 23269843 |
| age-dependent α-synuclein aggregation in the microcebus murinus lemur primate. | since age-dependent deposition of aβ-amyloid has been reported in the microcebusmurinus, we posited that this animal could as well be a model of age-related synucleinopathy. we characterized the distribution of aβ-amyloid, α-synuclein and two of its modified forms in the brain of microcebusmurinus aged from 1.5 to 10 years. intracytoplasmic α-synuclein aggregates were observed only in aged animals in different brain regions, which were also phospho-ser129 and nitrated α-synuclein immunoreactive. ... | 2012 | 23205271 |
| paternal kin recognition in the high frequency / ultrasonic range in a solitary foraging mammal. | kin selection is a driving force in the evolution of mammalian social complexity. recognition of paternal kin using vocalizations occurs in taxa with cohesive, complex social groups. this is the first investigation of paternal kin recognition via vocalizations in a small-brained, solitary foraging mammal, the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus), a frequent model for ancestral primates. we analyzed the high frequency/ultrasonic male advertisement (courtship) call and alarm call. | 2012 | 23198727 |
| characterization of blood biochemical markers during aging in the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus): impact of gender and season. | hematologic and biochemical data are needed to characterize the health status of animal populations over time to determine the habitat quality and captivity conditions. blood components and the chemical entities that they transport change predominantly with sex and age. the aim of this study was to utilize blood chemistry monitoring to establish the reference levels in a small prosimian primate, the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). | 2012 | 23131178 |
| large-scale mhc class ii genotyping of a wild lemur population by next generation sequencing. | the critical role of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) genes in disease resistance, along with their putative function in sexual selection, reproduction and chemical ecology, make them an important genetic system in evolutionary ecology. studying selective pressures acting on mhc genes in the wild nevertheless requires population-wide genotyping, which has long been challenging because of their extensive polymorphism. here, we report on large-scale genotyping of the mhc class ii loci of the ... | 2012 | 22948859 |
| reproductive resilience to food shortage in a small heterothermic primate. | the massive energetic costs entailed by reproduction in most mammalian females may increase the vulnerability of reproductive success to food shortage. unexpected events of unfavorable climatic conditions are expected to rise in frequency and intensity as climate changes. the extent to which physiological flexibility allows organisms to maintain reproductive output constant despite energetic bottlenecks has been poorly investigated. in mammals, reproductive resilience is predicted to be maximal ... | 2012 | 22848507 |
| walk the line-dispersal movements of gray mouse lemurs (microcebus murinus). | despite the importance of dispersal for individuals and populations, little is known about the actual dispersal process in most species. we observed 90 subadult gray mouse lemurs-small, arboreal, nocturnal primates-in kirindy forest in western madagascar, to determine the behavioral processes underlying natal dispersal. twelve radio-collared males dispersed over distances between 180 and 960 m (≈1-7 home range diameters) away from their presumed natal ranges. dispersal forays were fast and highl ... | 2012 | 22822289 |
| pervasive and ongoing positive selection in the vomeronasal-1 receptor (v1r) repertoire of mouse lemurs. | chemosensory genes are frequently the target of positive selection and are often present in large gene families, but little is known about heterogeneity of selection in these cases and its relation to function. here, we use the vomeronasal-1 receptor (v1r) repertoire of mouse lemurs (microcebus spp.) as a model system to study patterns of selection of chemosensory genes at several different levels. mouse lemurs are small nocturnal strepsirrhine primates and have a large (~200 loci) repertoire of ... | 2012 | 22821010 |
| the claustrum and insula in microcebus murinus: a high resolution diffusion imaging study. | the claustrum and the insula are closely juxtaposed in the brain of the prosimian primate, the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). whether the claustrum has closer affinities with the cortex or the striatum has been debated for many decades. our observation of histological sections from primate brains and genomic data in the mouse suggest former. given this, the present study compares the connections of the two structures in microcebus using high angular resolution diffusion imaging (hardi, w ... | 2012 | 22707933 |
| fatty acid composition of the brain, retina, liver and adipose tissue of the grey mouse lemur (microcebus murinus, primate). | the particular interest in supplementing human foods with n-3 fatty acids has arisen from the findings that this series of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) have an impact on neuronal functions. indeed vertebrates, including humans, preferentially use docosahexaenoic acid (dha, 22:6n-3) over other long-chain n-3 pufa for the genesis of their neuronal and retinal membranes. the grey mouse lemur is a nocturnal prosimian primate originating from madagascar. the increased use of this omnivorous pri ... | 2012 | 22684890 |
| a case of adult cannibalism in the gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus. | cannibalism, defined as the eating of conspecific flesh, has been observed in a number of primate species, although it is still a relatively rare phenomenon. in cases where primates were seen feeding on an individual of the same species, the victims have exclusively been infants or juveniles. here, i report an event of a free-living, adult male gray mouse lemur, microcebus murinus, cannibalizing an adult conspecific female that died of an unknown cause. this observation has implications for the ... | 2012 | 22623272 |
| effects of chronic calorie restriction or dietary resveratrol supplementation on insulin sensitivity markers in a primate, microcebus murinus. | the prevalence of diabetes and hyperinsulinemia increases with age, inducing metabolic failure and limiting lifespan. calorie restriction (cr) without malnutrition delays the aging process, but its long-term application to humans seems difficult. resveratrol (rsv), a dietary polyphenol, appears to be a promising cr mimetic that can be easily administered in humans. in this work, we hypothesized that both cr and rsv impact insulin sensitivity in a non-human primate compared to standard-fed contro ... | 2012 | 22479589 |
| age affects photoentrainment in a nocturnal primate. | the endogenous circadian clock is entrained by external cues, mainly the light-dark cycle received by photopigments located in the retina. the authors investigated (1) the effect of aging on the synchronization of the rest-activity rhythm and (2) the physiological basis of light photoreception in the gray mouse lemur, a nocturnal malagasy primate. old individuals were tested at different irradiance levels under 3 different light wavelengths previously shown to trigger maximal response in young a ... | 2012 | 22476777 |
| are personality differences in a small iteroparous mammal maintained by a life-history trade-off? | despite increasing interest, animal personality is still a puzzling phenomenon. several theoretical models have been proposed to explain intraindividual consistency and interindividual variation in behaviour, which have been primarily supported by qualitative data and simulations. using an empirical approach, i tested predictions of one main life-history hypothesis, which posits that consistent individual differences in behaviour are favoured by a trade-off between current and future reproductio ... | 2012 | 22398164 |
| effects of dietary resveratrol on the sleep-wake cycle in the non-human primate gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus). | converging evidence shows that the non-human primate gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) is ideal for the study of the aging process and for testing the effects of new therapies and dietary interventions on age-associated pathologies. one such dietary supplement is resveratrol (rsv), a dietary polyphenolic compound with several positive effects on metabolic functions and longevity. however, little is known about the effect of rsv on the lemur sleep-wake cycle, which reflects mammalian brain fu ... | 2012 | 22390239 |
| habitat separation of sympatric microcebus spp. in the dry spiny forest of south-eastern madagascar. | we investigated whether or not habitat structure contributes to the separation of two sister species of lemurs and their hybrids. for this, we studied microcebus murinus and m. griseorufus along a continuous vegetation gradient where populations of the two species occur in sympatry or in allopatry. in allopatry, the two species are generalists without any sign of microhabitat selectivity. in sympatry, both species differed significantly and discriminated against certain habitat structures: m. mu ... | 2011 | 22236872 |
| hindlimb interarticular coordinations in microcebus murinus in maximal leaping. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the pattern of coordinations of the hindlimb joints in the world's smallest living primate (microcebus murinus). the sequencing and timing of joint rotations have been analyzed in five adult males performing maximal leaping from a take-off immobile platform to their own wooden nest. angular kinematics of hip, knee, angle and metatarso-phalangeal (mt) joints were deduced from high-speed x-ray films in the sagittal plane of the animals. the body mass ce ... | 2010 | 20348344 |
| odor discrimination assessment with an automated olfactometric method in a prosimian primate, microcebus murinus. | the present study was aimed at adapting an automated olfactometer designed for use with rodents to a nocturnal lemur microcebus murinus. this apparatus allows rigorous control of odor stimuli. we show that m. murinus could remain quiet and attentive for about 20 min in the test chamber, allowing daily sessions of 40 consecutive trials. this allowed us to train m. murinus subjects to learn a go/no-go discrimination procedure using fruity-odor cues. each of seven subjects reached or exceeded a cri ... | 2004 | 15276795 |
| taste thresholds and suprathreshold responses to tannin-rich plant extracts and quinine in a primate species (microcebus murinus). | theories of plant chemical defenses discriminate between quantitative digestibility reducers (e.g., tannins) and qualitative toxins (e.g., alkaloids). since the differential effect on taste of these compounds is poorly known, we recorded ingestive responses of a primate species, microcebus murinus, to four tannin-rich plant extracts and to quinine, by using the behavioral method of the "two-bottle test." the efficiency of tannic extracts at precipitating protein was measured with the blue bsa me ... | 2002 | 12523571 |
| primate origins: evolutionary change in digital ray patterning and segmentation. | this study presents evidence that the first primates share with extant lemurs, tarsiers, and anthropoids hand proportions unlike those of their close relatives, the tree shrews (scandentia), colugos (dermoptera), and plesiadapiforms. specifically, early primates as well as modern strepsirhines and haplorhines have relatively short metacarpals and long proximal phalanges giving them a grasping, prehensile hand. limb development was studied in the primate microcebus murinus and a comparative sampl ... | 2001 | 11312586 |
| daily torpor in the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) in madagascar: energetic consequences and biological significance. | patterns and energetic consequences of spontaneous daily torpor were measured in the gray mouse lemur (microcebus murinus) under natural conditions of ambient temperature and photoperiod in a dry deciduous forest in western madagascar. over a period of two consecutive dry seasons, oxygen consumption (vo2) and body temperature (t b) were measured on ten individuals kept in outdoor enclosures. in all animals, spontaneous daily torpor occurred on a daily basis with torpor bouts lasting from 3.6 to ... | 2000 | 28308721 |
| immunohistochemical analysis of cerebral cortical and vascular lesions in the primate microcebus murinus reveal distinct amyloid beta1-42 and beta1-40 immunoreactivity profiles. | recent reports have shown that amyloid beta deposits in the brains of alzheimer's disease patients consist mainly of two distinct species of amyloid beta protein (abeta) with different c-termini, abeta1-42 (abeta42) and abeta1-40 (abeta40). the nature of the abeta species in microcebus murinus brain was investigated immunocytochemically using polyclonal antibodies with clear specificity for the abeta42 and abeta40 c-termini. the cortical vascular deposits were immunopositive for both abeta42 and ... | 2000 | 10671318 |
| mating system of microcebus murinus. | microcebus murinus, a small nocturnal lemur from madagascar, has retained features of ancient primates. based on these ancestral traits, its social organization has often been used as a model for early primate social systems. in captivity it breeds polygynously, i.e., one male mates with several females, while females usually copulate only with the dominant male. the present project tested whether or not sexual size dimorphism, spatial distribution, and relative testis size of m. murinus corresp ... | 1999 | 10333432 |
| influence of daylength on metabolic rate and daily water loss in the male prosimian primate microcebus murinus. | in its natural habitat, microcebus murinus, a small malagasy prosimian primate, is exposed to seasonal shortage of water and resources. during the winter dry season, animals enter a pronounced fattening period with concurrent decrease in behavioural/physiological activities, whereas the breeding season is restricted to the rainy summer months. to determine the role of daylength on metabolic rate and water loss in this nocturnal primate, we measured body mass, oxygen consumption at 25 degrees c ( ... | 1998 | 9773491 |
| age-related changes in serotonergic and catecholaminergic brain systems in the lemurian primate microcebus murinus. | | 1998 | 9629227 |
| choline acetyltransferase and somatostatin levels in aged microcebus murinus brain. | beta-amyloid protein (beta-ap) deposits, analoguous to those found in alzheimer's disease (ad) are observed in the brain of aging microcebus murinus. because choline acetyltransferase (chat) activity and somatostatin (srih) content are consistently decreased in ad, we tested whether such changes could be observed in middle aged to aged microcebus cerebral cortex and whether they were accompanied by beta-ap deposits. a positive correlation was observed between age and chat activity. by hplc, srih ... | 2010 | 7891828 |
| identification of amyloid beta protein in the brain of the small, short-lived lemurian primate microcebus murinus. | the deposition of amyloid beta (a beta) protein in the brain has been demonstrated immunocytochemically in the small lemurian primate microcebus murinus. both meningocerebral vascular deposits and cortical parenchymal deposits occur. all eight aged (> 8 years old) microcebus examined showed vascular amyloid deposits, whereas only four exhibited parenchymal plaques. the vascular amyloid infiltrated the tunica media of the leptomeningeal and cortical arteries and arterioles and was also found in c ... | 2010 | 7838294 |
| observations on the vomeronasal organ of the colugo cynocephalus (mammalia, dermoptera). | this paper presents the first description of a functional vomeronasal organ in the colugo or 'flying lemur' cynocephalus, the sole living representative of the order dermoptera (mammalia). the vomeronasal organ complex comprises patent nasopalatine and vomeronasal ducts, a 10-mm-long epithelial tube consisting of an 8- to 10-cell thick, 65-microns-tall neurosensory epithelium, the vomeronasal nerve, and the accessory olfactory bulb. the vomeronasal glands are sparse. among mammals, the vomeronas ... | 1994 | 7879592 |
| systematisation of the olfactory bulb efferent projections in a lemurian primate: microcebus murinus. | in order to investigate a sensorial pathway essential in animal behavior, the efferent projections of the olfactory bulbs in microcebus murinus were identified after transection of one olfactory peduncle and revelation of degenerating fibers by various silver staining methods. total and partial sections have enabled the demonstration of the involvement in the olfactory projection areas of each olfactory tract: the lateral olfactory tract (lot) and the intermediate olfactory tract (iot), either v ... | 1992 | 1447519 |
| ontogeny of relationship of middle ear and temporomandibular (squamomandibular) joint in mammals. iii. morphology and ontogeny in scandentia and primates. | the ontogeny of the mandibular joint and the middle ear region was studied in tupaia javanica, microcebus murinus, nycticebus coucang and tarsius bancanus. during development, a passage connection was found between the mandibular condyle and meckel's cartilage that is produced by the primordium of the lateral pterygoid muscle. the articular disk is formed separately, and it appears later in development. a theory is presented on the interpretation of these findings. | 1990 | 2106204 |
| lightmicroscopical investigations of the sublingua of microcebus murinus (cheirogaleidae, lemuriformes) with remarks on the phylogenetic relations of the tree shrews (scandentia) to primates. | the sublingua of microcebus murinus was studied gross anatomically and light microscopically. the apex of the sublingua ends in two lobe-like projections separated by a distinct median cleft. the lobes exhibit at their oral, free margin tiny processes, but no "comb"-like specializations of intensely keratinized mucosa. at the ventral surface of the sublingua three longitudinally oriented keels or ridges are found; the mucosa of the keels is strongly keratinized, so that these structures maximize ... | 1989 | 2603472 |
| [demonstration of direct olfactory projections in the hypothalamus, the mesencephalon and the metencephalon of microcebus murinus (primate, lemurian)]. | the efferent projections of the olfactory bulb in microcebus murinus were identified after transection of the olfactory peduncle and after the revelation of the degenerating fibers by different silver staining methods. total and partial sections have allowed demonstrating the importance of the two olfactory tracts in the olfactory projection areas. degenerated fibers and endings were evidence not only in the different telencephalic regions, as classically known, but also in various hypothalamic ... | 1989 | 2515916 |
| seasonal variation of taste threshold for sucrose in a prosimian species, microcebus murinus. | | 1988 | 3254849 |
| [retinal afferents of hypothalamic origin in a prosimian primate: microcebus murinus. study using retrograde fluorescent tracers]. | the central efferent connections to the retina in microcebus were identified using the retrograde axonal transport of fluorescent dyes. after unilateral intraocular injection of the tracer, two populations of labeled neurons were observed. fluorescent neurons were located immediately posterior to the optic chiasma, in the anterior part of the arcuate nuclei. in addition, fluorescent neurons were observed in the suprachiasmatic nuclei; the latter pathway appears to close up an anatomical retino-h ... | 1986 | 2434196 |
| sexual inhibition in a prosimian primate: a pheromone-like effect. | the effect of dominant urine odour on plasma levels of testosterone and cortisol was studied in the prosimian primate microcebus murinus. this species shows a photoperiod-dependent cycle of sexual activity. in particular, mean testosterone levels vary from 15 nmol/l during the annual rest period to 245 nmol/l during the breeding season. when males of this solitary and territorial species are artificially grouped in captivity, they develop a social hierarchy which in turn results in physiological ... | 1984 | 6747496 |