| prevalence of borna disease virus rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood donors. | the presence of borna disease virus (bdv) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) of 100 blood donors from sapporo and 72 blood donors from tokyo was examined using nested reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction amplification with specific-primers for bdv p24. anti-bdv p24 antibodies in the plasma of the 100 blood donors from sapporo also were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by western blot. bdv rna was detected in 3 (4.2%) of the 72 pbmc samples from tokyo, and in ... | 1995 | 8577314 |
| a nested polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate pestiviruses. | viruses that comprise the pestivirus genus cause significant losses to the livestock industry. based on sequence analysis, currently 4 distinct genotypes are identified of which 3 infect cattle and sheep. distinguishing between bovine and ovine isolates by serological tests has often been difficult because of a high degree of cross reactivity. in this study, a nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was developed to identify and distinguish between bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type i, ... | 1995 | 8578861 |
| ruminant pestiviruses. | the ruminant pestiviruses, bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv) are highly successful and important pathogens which infect ruminant species worldwide. although the serological relationships among ruminant pestiviruses require further clarification, there is growing evidence for two antigenic groups, one of which predominates in cattle and one in sheep. the success of pestiviruses stems from the ability of the non-cytopathic (ncp) biotype of the virus to cross the pl ... | 1995 | 8605577 |
| cytopathogenicity of border disease virus is correlated with integration of cellular sequences into the viral genome. | two border disease virus (bdv) pairs each consisting of cytopathogenic (cp) and non-cp viruses have been analyzed at the molecular level. within the ns2-3 (p125) encoding region of both cp viruses, insertions of cellular sequences were identified which were absent in the corresponding non-cp isolates. a comparative sequence analysis revealed that within each pair the cp and non-cp viruses are almost identical. this strongly suggests that the cp bdv isolates developed from the non-cp viruses by r ... | 1996 | 8627775 |
| [detection of borna disease virus rna by rt-pcr in pbmc]. | | 1996 | 8650367 |
| [distribution of borna disease virus in naturally infected animals with clinical disease]. | borna disease (bd) is a naturally occurring enzootic encephalomyelitis of horses and sheep. the aetiological agent, borna disease virus (bdv) is an unclassified, neurotropic, negative stranded rna virus. the study aimed at providing further information on bd of naturally infected animals. samples obtained from 20 animals (18 horses, 1 donkey, 1 sheep) were investigated by a series of virological and molecular biological tests. the highly sensitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ... | 1996 | 8694747 |
| expression of tissue factor is increased in astrocytes within the central nervous system during persistent infection with borna disease virus. | persistent tolerant infection of rats with borna disease virus (bdv) results in a central nervous system (cns) disease characterized by behavioral abnormalities. these disorders occur without inflammation and widespread cytolysis in the cns. therefore, mechanisms other than virally induced destruction of brain cells may explain the cns disturbance caused by bdv. previously, we have shown that astrocytes in the cns express tissue factor (tf). tf functions as the primary cellular initiator of the ... | 1996 | 8709198 |
| causes of losses including a borna disease paralytic syndrome affecting young ostriches of one breeding organization over a five-year period (1989-1993). | necropsy records and causes of mortality of ostriches up to 3 months old over a 5-year period (1989-1993) are presented. the data relate to one ostrich enterprise that comprises 10 breeding flocks, five rearing farms, and one hatchery. causes of mortality are classified into nine major categories. the annual mortality percentages of all hatched ostriches over the 5-year period were 61%, 58%, 30%, 29%, and 16.6%, and the most significant cause of death was a paresis syndrome that accounted for 20 ... | 1996 | 8713043 |
| developmental injury to the cerebellum following perinatal borna disease virus infection. | in rats infected as neonates, borna disease virus (bdv) infection causes neuroanatomical, behavioral and physiological abnormalities without encephalitis. neonatal infection with bdv provides a powerful model for studying the effects of virus replication on brain development without inflammation-induced brain damage. here we report that neonatal bdv infection interfered with cerebellar development in the lewis rat. based on cerebellar cross-sectional area measurements, abnormal cerebellar growth ... | 1995 | 8719328 |
| in vitro cytotoxicity of sera of paralysed ostriches showing serological positivity for borna disease virus. | | 1996 | 8733182 |
| demonstration of borna disease virus rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from domestic cats in japan. | borna disease virus (bdv) naturally infects horses, sheep, and several other species, including humans, and it is believed to be related to neurological disorders. bdv infection in domestic cats has also been demonstrated by serological assays. we demonstrated for the first time bdv rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 11 of 83 (13.3%) randomly selected domestic cats in japan by nested reverse transcriptase-pcr. the bdvs from cats were similar to but slightly different from those from ... | 1996 | 8748301 |
| six antigenic groups within the genus pestivirus as identified by cross neutralization assays. | antigenic differences between pestivirus isolates of ruminant and porcine origin were characterized by neutralization assays. first, six different clusters of pestiviruses were identified by clustering cross-neutralization results of 13 pestivirus strains tested against 23 sera. cluster i consisted of four strains of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) of bovine origin and two bvdv isolates of porcine origin. cluster ii consisted of one sheep isolate and two porcine bdv isolates. cluster iii con ... | 1995 | 8748547 |
| naloxone-induced seizures in rats infected with borna disease virus. | the opioid antagonist naloxone is widely used in the emergency treatment of nontraumatic coma. although it is uncommon for serious side effects to result from administration of opiate antagonists, we report that naloxone can have epileptogenic effects in the context of encephalitis. in an experimental model of viral encephalitis, rats infected with borna disease virus developed myoclonic, generalized clonic, or atonic seizures; behavior arrest; and staring spells when treated with naloxone. thes ... | 1996 | 8780117 |
| borna disease virus and the consumption of raw horse meat. | | 1996 | 8782439 |
| demonstration and genotyping of pestivirus rna from mammalian cell lines. | we examined 20 cell lines of various animal origins for the presence of pestivirus contamination by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), and found 15 (75%) cell lines were positive. the rt-pcr products of the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus genome were sequenced and subjected to genotyping. stem-loop structures at three variable regions in the 5' utr render genotyping of the contaminated pestiviruses. bovine cell lines tested were all contaminated with genotyp ... | 1995 | 8789057 |
| genetic identification of pestivirus strain frijters as a border disease virus from pigs. | a pig pestivirus isolate, the frijters strain, was characterized by using reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr), followed by rflp and direct sequencing of the amplicons. restriction endonuclease enzyme avai and bg/i digestion of 5' nc genomic region pcr products suggested that frijters strain belongs to the border disease viruses (bdv). this finding was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplified part of the 5-nc genomic region, which revealed 94% and 95% nucleotide similarity between the f ... | 1996 | 8795011 |
| a neural substrate of hyperactivity in borna disease: changes in brain dopamine receptors. | rats experimentally infected with the neurotropic rna virus, borna disease virus, have a hyperactive movement disorder. because locomotor activity is modulated by the nucleus accumbens (n. acc.) dopamine (da) system, high-affinity da uptake, da d1, d2, and d3 receptor binding sites were examined in n. acc. subregions of normal and infected rats by quantitative receptor autoradiography. the n. acc. of infected rats had decreased mazindol and d2 and d3 radioligand binding in the core and decreased ... | 1996 | 8806517 |
| detection of borna disease virus antigen and rna in human autopsy brain samples from neuropsychiatric patients. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes a central nervous system disease in several vertebrate species which is characterized by behavioral disturbances. seroepidemiological data indicate an association of bdv infection with certain human mental disorders. sclerosis of the hippocampus and astrocytosis constitute histopathological hallmarks of bdv infection in animals. therefore, we searched for human brain autopsy cases with such histopathological features. five of 600 cases examined were identified as ... | 1996 | 8806563 |
| the atypical strategies used for gene expression of borna disease virus, a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic agent that causes disturbances in movement and behavior in vertebrate host species ranging from birds to primates. although the virus has not been isolated from human subjects, there is indirect evidence to suggest that humans with neuropsychiatric disorders may be infected with bdv. recently, virus particles have been isolated and the viral genomic rna has been cloned. this analysis revealed that bdv is a nonsegmented, negative-strand rna virus. unusua ... | 1995 | 8820535 |
| possible correlation between borna disease virus infection and japanese patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic, as yet unclassified, non-segmented, negative-sense, single-strand rna virus. natural infection with this virus has been reported to occur in horses and sheep. in addition, antibodies to bdv in plasma or bdv rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were also found in patients with neuropsychiatric diseases. we describe here the possible link between the patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and infection with bdv. | 1996 | 8839433 |
| sequence characterization of human borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes a central nervous system disease in several vertebrate animal species, which is manifest by behavioral abnormalities. seroepidemiologic data suggest that bdv might infect humans, possibly being associated with certain mental disorders. this is further supported by the detection of both bdv-specific antigens and rna sequences in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of psychiatric patients. for the first time the sequence characterization of human bdv is docu ... | 1996 | 8873411 |
| unusually high seroprevalence of borna disease virus in clade e human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients with sexually transmitted diseases in thailand. | the seroprevalence of borna disease virus (bdv) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individuals in thailand was examined by using recombinant bdv p24. a high (38 to 48%) rate of seroprevalence of bdv was observed in clade e-infected patients with sexually transmitted diseases, compared with those in clade e-infected prostitutes (8.3%), pregnant women (0%), clade b-infected intravenous-drug users (0%), and human immunodeficiency virus type 1-negative blood donors (1.9%). | 1996 | 8877141 |
| prefrontal cortex dysfunction in borna disease virus (bdv)--infected rats. | viruses have been proposed to play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia; however, the mechanisms by which infection could cause the affective, cognitive, and movement disorders of schizophrenia are not understood. the neurotropic rna virus, borna disease (bd) virus, linked to schizophrenia by serologic studies, causes movement and behavior disorders in a wide variety of mammalian and bird hosts. bd rats have hyperactivity and stereotyped behaviors similar to those that follow neurotoxic o ... | 1996 | 8886296 |
| no evidence of borna disease virus-specific antibodies in multiple sclerosis patients in germany. | | 1996 | 8892069 |
| detection of borna disease virus (bdv) antibodies and bdv rna in psychiatric patients: evidence for high sequence conservation of human blood-derived bdv rna. | in several vertebrate species, borna disease virus (bdv), the prototype of a new group of animal viruses, causes central nervous system disease accompanied by diverse behavioral abnormalities. seroepidemiological data indicate that bdv may contribute to the pathophysiology of certain human mental disorders. this hypothesis is further supported by the detection of both bdv antigens and bdv rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of patients with psychiatric disorders and the isolation o ... | 1996 | 8892892 |
| characterization of the borna disease virus phosphoprotein, p23. | borna disease virus infection is diagnosed by the presence of serum antibodies reactive with the major viral proteins, p40 and p23. although p40 and p23 are unrelated in amino acid sequence structure, cross-reactive antibodies are described. protein fragments and synthetic peptides were analyzed to characterize the specificities of antibodies to p23. epitope mapping revealed eight continuous epitopes accessible on the surface of a predicted structural model for the monomeric and the disulfide-li ... | 1996 | 8892940 |
| varied prevalence of borna disease virus infection in arabic, thoroughbred and their cross-bred horses in iran. | borna disease virus (bdv) naturally infects horses and sheep and induces progressive poliomeningoencephalomyelitis. here, bdv recombinant proteins of the first open reading frame (orf-i; coding for p40 nucleoprotein) and the second orf-ii (coding for p24 polymerase cofactor) were immunoblotted with plasma derived from 72 healthy (28 arabic, 17 thoroughbred and 27 cross-bred) race horses at tehran in iran to detect anti-bdv antibodies. in addition, their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) ... | 1996 | 8896237 |
| intrinsic responses to borna disease virus infection of the central nervous system. | immune cells invading the central nervous system (cns) in response to borna disease virus (bdv) antigens are central to the pathogenesis of borna disease (bd). we speculate that the response of the resident cells of the brain to infection may be involved in the sensitization and recruitment of these inflammatory cells. to separate the responses of resident cells from those of cells infiltrating from the periphery, we used dexamethasone to inhibit inflammatory reactions in bd. treatment with dexa ... | 1996 | 8917593 |
| expression and characterization of part of hog cholera virus non-structural proteins. | in a preceding paper, the molecular cloning and partial nucleotide sequence of the alfort strain of hog cholera virus (hcv) was described. to study the genetic organization of the 3'-end of the hcv genome, which encodes some of the non-structural proteins, a cdna fragment (s2.20) of 849 nucleotides was subcloned into the bacterial expression vector pgex-3x and expressed in escherichia coli as a s2.20-glutathione-s-transferase fusion protein (s2.20-gst). this protein was used to produce hcv-speci ... | 1996 | 8928577 |
| sorting signals and targeting of infectious agents through axons: an annotation to the 100 years' birth of the name "axon". | a brief review is given on mechanisms by which axons may be initiated during development and by which the polarity of neurons is maintained by selective sorting and delivery of molecules to axons and dendrites. the use of viruses as tools to study targeting of newly synthesized proteins to axons is described. emphasis is then given to the hazards that are presented to the individual by the retrograde transport of infectious agents in axons to the brain. borna disease virus, prions, and listeria ... | 1996 | 8973836 |
| neuroanatomical and functional alterations resulting from early postnatal cerebellar insults in rodents. | this review examines neuroanatomical and functional alterations in rodents resulting from postnatal insults during cerebellar development. treatments such as irradiation and methylazoxymethanol (mam) administration produced near birth (< postnatal day 8 for irradiation treatment and < postnatal day 4 for mam administration) result in more severe cerebellar damage than do similar treatments administered several days after birth. prominent among the more severe alterations are foliation abnormalit ... | 1996 | 8981598 |
| biochemical and functional analysis of the borna disease virus g protein. | the borna disease virus (bdv) antigenome is comprised of five major open reading frames (orfs). products have been reported only for orfs i, ii, and iii, encoding n (p40), p (p24/p23), and m (gp18), respectively. orf iv predicts a 57-kda protein with several potential glycosylation sites. analysis of radiolabeled extracts from bdv-infected c6 cells and bhk-21 cells transfected with a semliki forest virus vector that contains orf iv demonstrated the presence of a 94-kda protein (g protein) which ... | 1997 | 8985354 |
| borna disease virus rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from healthy dairy cattle. | we examined natural infection of borna disease virus (bdv) in 74 healthy dairy cattle in japan. the seroprevalence determined using recombinant bdv p24 protein was 20.3%. the prevalence of bdv rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) determined by polymerase chain reaction for p24 was 10.8%. cell fraction of the pbmcs revealed the presence of bdv rna in the t cell-enriched fraction. thus, bdv infection is widespread even among healthy cattle. | 1996 | 9007819 |
| induction of degenerative brain lesions after adoptive transfer of brain lymphocytes from borna disease virus-infected rats: presence of cd8+ t cells and perforin mrna. | lymphocytes were isolated from the brains of borna disease virus-infected donor lewis rats at various time points after infection. cell populations were characterized by cytofluorometry, with special emphasis on cd4+ and cd8+ cells. testing of isolated lymphocytes revealed major histocompatibility complex class i-restricted cytotoxic activity. reverse transcription-pcr analyses of brain homogenates of infected donors revealed the presence of cd8 mrna after day 11 of infection and of perforin mrn ... | 1997 | 9032377 |
| genetic characterization of ruminant pestiviruses: sequence analysis of viral genotypes isolated from sheep. | historically, the genus pestivirus was believed to contain three species of viruses; bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), border disease virus (bdv) and classical swine fever virus (csfv). however, based on limited sequence analysis of a small number of pestiviral isolates from domestic livestock, evidence has recently emerged indicating that at least four distinct genotypes exist. in an attempt to gain a better understanding of the degree of viral variation among ruminant pestiviruses, the entir ... | 1997 | 9037733 |
| differentiation of classical swine fever virus from ruminant pestiviruses by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). | a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was designed to allow the differentiation of pestiviruses by the expected size of the amplified fragments. one oligonucleotide primer, conserved amongst pestiviruses, and two others specific for either classical swine fever virus (csfv) or bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), were designed from the 5' non-coding region of the genome. csfv infected cultures (10 strains) amplified a fragment of an expected size of 200 bp; bvdv culture ... | 1996 | 9054133 |
| characterization of borna disease virus p56 protein, a surface glycoprotein involved in virus entry. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a nonsegmented negative-stranded (nns) rna virus, prototype of a new taxon in the mononegavirales order. bdv causes neurologic disease manifested by behavioral abnormalities in several animal species, and evidence suggests that it may be a human pathogen. to improve our knowledge about the biology of this novel virus, we have identified and characterized the product of bdv open reading frame iv (bvp56). based on sequence features, bvp56 encodes a virus surface glycop ... | 1997 | 9060684 |
| lack of association of borna disease virus and human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 infections with psychiatric disorders among japanese patients. | borna disease virus (bdv) infection has been suspected to be a possible etiological factor in human psychiatric disorders and recently in chronic fatigue syndrome. evidence of the correlation of bdv infection with these disorders remained unclear. kagoshima is known to be one of the major areas in which human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) is endemic; this is the first isolated human retrovirus that causes adult t-cell leukemia with neurological symptoms. the present study aimed to clarif ... | 1997 | 9067654 |
| borna disease virus antibodies and the deficit syndrome of schizophrenia. | we detected anti-borna disease virus (bdv) antibodies at a 14.4% rate in patients with schizophrenia. the hypothesis of a higher rate of bdv seropositivity in deficit syndrome was borne out in a subset of 64 patients categorized according to the schedule for the deficit syndrome with 5/15 seropositive deficit and 4/49 seropositive nondeficit (p < 0.05). this suggests that the antibodies and possibly a bdv-like virus are pathogenetically linked to this form of schizophrenia. | 1997 | 9075304 |
| depression, borna disease, and amantadine. | | 1997 | 9093281 |
| failure to detect borna disease virus infection in peripheral blood leukocytes from humans with psychiatric disorders. | the presence of antibodies reactive with borna disease virus (bdv) in the sera of some patients with certain psychiatric illnesses has been taken as evidence that this veterinary neurotrophic virus may occasionally infect and cause psychiatric disorders in humans. in this paper, we report the results of our studies concerning the detection of bdv-specific rna in blood cells from patients with psychiatric diseases. contrary to the results obtained by others, we have found no evidence for the pres ... | 1997 | 9111180 |
| amantadine and human borna disease virus in vitro and in vivo in an infected patient with bipolar depression. | | 1997 | 9111548 |
| neurological disease and encephalitis in cats experimentally infected with borna disease virus. | barrier-bred cats were inoculated intracerebrally with either the rabbit-adapted borna disease virus (bdv) strain v or a newly isolated feline bdv, obtained from a cat with natural staggering disease (sd). three out of eight inoculated cats developed neurological signs and non-suppurative encephalitis; all three recovered from the acute stage of disease. sero-conversion and the development of neutralizing antibodies occurred in all of the virus-inoculated cats. in addition, cats inoculated with ... | 1997 | 9113204 |
| first isolates of infectious human borna disease virus from patients with mood disorders. | borna disease virus (bdv), an unique type of non-segmented negative-stranded enveloped rna virus, is known as an animal pathogen that causes behavioral diseases in higher vertebrates. past studies have found antibodies to bdv as well as bdv proteins and genomic transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) of infected animals and human psychiatric patients. here, we present the first isolation of infectious bdv from such patients' pbmcs. isolation attempts were conducted with randoml ... | 1996 | 9118344 |
| molecular characterization of ovine pestiviruses. | forty-two ovine pestivirus isolates, collected over a period of 18 years, were compared by phylogenetic analysis. the viruses were mostly field isolates from britain; two others originated from sweden and two from new zealand. rt-pcr products were obtained from two genomic regions, one within the 5'-noncoding (5'-nc) region, and the other encompassing parts of the p20 (npro) and c coding regions. direct sequencing of the 5'-nc pcr products, followed by computer-assisted phylogenetic analysis, di ... | 1997 | 9129644 |
| [immunopathology of borna disease in the horse: clinical, virological and neuropathologic findings]. | tissues from nine horses and one donkey suffering from natural borna disease were investigated. clinically, all animals demonstrated progressive reduced mentation and aggravating gait disturbances. during the clinical course anorexia and progressive loss of proprioception were observed. cranial nerve failure was accompanied by signs of pharyngeal paralysis, sialorrhea, bruxism, and by blindness. virologically, infectious virus was detected in the brain of all animals investigated but was not fou ... | 1996 | 9139422 |
| high prevalence of borna disease virus infection in healthy sheep in japan. | previous seroepidemiological and molecular epidemiological studies of borna disease virus (bdv) showed considerably high rates of infection in horses, cattle, cats, and humans in hokkaido, japan. here, we further demonstrate high rates of specific antibodies to bdv and bdv rna in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from healthy sheep bred on the same island. the bdv prevalences by immunoblotting and/or reverse transcriptase pcr were 0% (0 of 19) in newborns (<1 month old), 51.7% (15 of 29 ... | 1997 | 9144374 |
| microplate hybridization for borna disease virus rna in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | we developed a simple and sensitive microplate hybridization procedure with which to identify borna disease virus cdna in amplified products from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. the mean values for the positive pcr products were significant compared with those for any of the negative products, indicating that this method can be applied to rapidly diagnose a large number of clinical specimens. | 1997 | 9144383 |
| tardive dyskinetic syndrome in rats infected with borna disease virus. | tardive dyskinesia (td) is a hyperkinetic movement disorder caused by chronic treatment of psychiatric patients with dopamine (da) receptor blocking drugs (stacy & jankovic 1991). although td is one of the most important and frequently encountered iatrogenic disorders in clinical medicine, its pathophysiology is poorly understood. we have observed a hyperkinetic movement disorder in rats experimentally infected with a neurotropic rna virus, borna disease virus, that may provide important insight ... | 1994 | 9173990 |
| neurobiology of borna disease virus. | | 1997 | 9179784 |
| signaling pathways in virus-induced cns inflammation. | | 1997 | 9179797 |
| molecular basis for the differential subcellular localization of the 38- and 39-kilodalton structural proteins of borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a nonsegmented negative-strand (nns) rna virus that is unusual because it replicates in the nucleus. the most abundant viral protein in infected cells is a 38/39-kda doublet that is presumed to represent the nucleocapsid. infectious particles also contain high levels of this protein, accounting for at least 50% of the viral proteins. the two forms of the protein differ by an additional 13 amino acids that are present at the amino terminus of the 39-kda form and missi ... | 1997 | 9188580 |
| evidence for translation of the borna disease virus g protein by leaky ribosomal scanning and ribosomal reinitiation. | the borna disease virus antigenome includes five major open reading frames (orfs) which encode, from 5' to 3', the putative nucleoprotein (n), the phosphoprotein (p), the putative matrix protein (m), the major glycoprotein (g), and the rna-dependent rna polymerase (pol). whereas the n and p orfs are translated from monocistronic transcripts, the m, g, and pol orfs are translated from polycistronic transcripts. expression of the m, g, and pol orfs is dependent upon differential splicing of two in ... | 1997 | 9188636 |
| a reverse-type sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to borna disease virus. | to investigate whether there is an epidemiological correlation between borna disease virus (bdv) infection and human neuropsychiatric diseases, we established a reverse-type sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (rs-elisa) for detecting specific antibodies to bdv. in this assay, microplate wells were coated dispersely with bdv p40 antigen, followed by the addition of test samples at a low dilution and then the biotinylated p40. a preformed complex of streptavidin and horseradish peroxidase- ... | 1997 | 9196169 |
| borna disease virus (bdv), a (zoonotic?) worldwide pathogen. a review of the history of the disease and the virus infection with comprehensive bibliography. | a comprehensive history of borna disease virus (bdv) and this infection, including the complete bibliography, is presented. over the last 200 years, descriptions of this 'head disease' of horses ('kopfkrankheit der pferde') have been given. considerable losses in the horse population (< 0.8%) led to intensive clinical and (neuro-)pathological investigations of this meningitis cerebrospinalis which occurs with faint behavioural changes, occasionally followed by severe neurological symptomatology ... | 1997 | 9197210 |
| borna disease. | borna disease virus, a newly classified nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus with international distribution, infects a broad range of warm-blooded animals from birds to primates. infection causes movement and behavioral disturbances reminiscent of some neuropsychiatric syndromes. the virus has not been clearly linked to any human disease; however, an association between infection with the virus and selected neuropsychiatric disorders has been suggested. we reviewed recent advances in borna di ... | 1997 | 9204293 |
| higher prevalence of borna disease virus infection in blood donors living near thoroughbred horse farms. | it is believed that borna disease virus (bdv), an etiological agent of progressive polioencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep, is closely associated with psychiatric disorders in humans since the prevalence of bdv is higher in psychiatric patients than in blood donors. we investigated whether or not bdvs in humans are derived from infected domestic animals, by characterizing the bdvs in blood donors and horses derived from the same region of hokkaido island, japan. the seroprevalences (2.6 to 14 ... | 1997 | 9210045 |
| the glycosylated matrix protein of borna disease virus is a tetrameric membrane-bound viral component essential for infection. | borna disease virus (bdv) is representative of the family of bornaviridae in the order mononegavirales (negative-stranded, non-segmented, enveloped rna viruses). it is the causal agent for borna disease, characterized as an encephalomyelitis (typical form) in a wide variety of domestic animals (from rodents to birds). recent information shows the involvement of bdv in the pathogenesis of some human psychiatric disorders. the 8.9-kb viral antigenome codes for five major orf. the third orf codes f ... | 1997 | 9210491 |
| diaplacental infections with ruminant pestiviruses. | pestiviruses are capable of causing diaplacental infections. maternal viremias are important for localizing virus in the ruminant placentome. placental lesions occur with cytopathic bvdv and noncytopathic bdv. the ruminant fetus is very susceptible to pestivirus infections once the virus crosses the placenta because the fetus is 1) agammaglobulinemic, 2) immunologically immature, and 3) it has many immature organ systems with undifferentiated cells. cytopathic bvdv (nadl) in calves and noncytopa ... | 1991 | 9210928 |
| detection of border disease virus in sheep efferent lymphocytes by immunocytochemical and in situ hybridisation techniques. | the prefemoral efferent lymphatics of four sheep persistently infected with a non cytopathic (ncp) isolate of border disease virus (bdv) were cannulated. recovered lymphocytes were examined for the presence of virus by an immunocytochemical technique employing a pool of monoclonal antibodies which recognise the 120k non-structural polypeptide of ncp bdv. the results revealed that 9.5% of the lymphocytes carried virus antigen. lymphocytes from two of the sheep were studied by in situ hybridisatio ... | 1991 | 9210939 |
| [borna disease virus. an etiological agent in neuropsychiatric diseases?]. | borna disease virus has long been recognized as a cause of sporadic cases and epidemics of meningoencephalomyelitis in horses and sheep in southern parts of germany. however, sero-epidemiological surveillances indicate that borna disease virus has a global distribution in horses, without the recognition of clinical manifestations associated with the infection, in other parts of the world. during the past five years evidence has been presented suggesting that humans also can become infected with ... | 1997 | 9214065 |
| effect of neurotropic virus infection on neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in rat brain. | to elucidate the potential role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and neuronal constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cnos) in the pathogenesis of virus-induced encephalopathy, the activities of both nos isoforms were determined in the brains of rats infected with borna disease virus (bdv) or rabies virus. inos activity strongly increased, whereas neuronal cnos activity significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner after either bdv or rabies virus infection. choline acetyltransferase a ... | 1995 | 9222348 |
| flow cytometric analysis of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii antigen expression on brain cells from borna disease virus-infected rats without an intervening in vitro culture step. | borna disease virus (bdv) infects astrocytes in the lewis rat brain. bdv-infected astrocytes have been shown to express mhc class ii in vitro but not in vivo. using a sensitive fluorescence-activated cytometric technique, we now report the detection of mhc class ii on freshly harvested s100-positive cells from bdv-infected rat brain, without an intervening in vitro culture step. these data support the hypothesis that astrocytes from bdv-infected rats express mhc class ii on their surface and, th ... | 1997 | 9225763 |
| [bovine diarrhea virus: an update]. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pathogen of cattle, member of the family flaviviridae, genus pestivirus, which also includes classical swine fever virus (csfv, or hog cholera virus), and border disease virus of sheep (bdv). it causes important economical losses associated mainly with reproductive failure. pestiviruses are small enveloped viruses, with a diameter of about 40 nm. the nucleocapsid is probably icosahedral . the genome consists of a single stranded positive rna, encoding appr ... | 1997 | 9229725 |
| secondary structure of the 5'-noncoding region of border disease virus genome rnas. | the computer predicted secondary structures from the 5'-nc genome region of four border disease virus (bdv) strains collected from sheep in england and scotland over a period 1976-1986 were prepared. the fold program from gcg sequence analysis software package was used for the analysis of a 243 bp rna fragment. two typical shapes of secondary structures were observed which contained multiple imperfect stem-loop motifs. the shape of those structures exactly fit with the grouping of bdv strains to ... | 1997 | 9238865 |
| amplification of a full-length borna disease virus (bdv) cdna from total rna of cells persistently infected with bdv. | we have developed a novel reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) to amplify the full-length 8.9 kilobase (kbp) cdna of the borna disease virus (bdv) rna genome from the total cellular rna of mdck cells persistently infected with bdv (mdck/bdv). antigenomic bdv cdna was reverse transcribed using a 53-mer oligonucleotide primer, corresponding to the 5'-terminus of a putative 3'-leader sequence of the bdv rna genome, for 2 hr at 42 c followed by 30 min at 55 c. pcr was performed i ... | 1997 | 9251059 |
| demonstration of borna disease virus (bdv) in specific regions of the brain from horses positive for serum antibodies to bdv but negative for bdv rna in the blood and internal organs. | sero- and molecular-epidemiological studies on borna disease virus (bdv) infection show that bdv rna is not always detected in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from serum anti-bdv antibody-positive individuals such as horses, sheep, cattle, cats, and humans. in this study we demonstrated bdv rna signals by polymerase chain reaction only in restricted regions of the brain from horses with locomotor disease. four of six horses examined showed apparently positive reactions for anti-bd ... | 1997 | 9255762 |
| borna disease virus p-protein is phosphorylated by protein kinase cepsilon and casein kinase ii. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a newly classified nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus (order of mononegavirales) that persistently infects specific brain regions and circuits of warm-blooded animals to cause behavioral disturbances. viruses within the order of mononegavirales have phosphoproteins that typically serve as transcription factors and are modulated in functional activity through phosphorylation. to identify the kinases involved in bdv phosphoprotein (bdv-p) phosphorylation, in vitro ... | 1997 | 9268312 |
| borna disease virus in brains of north american and european people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. bornavirus study group. | | 1997 | 9269221 |
| [pathogenicity of borna disease virus in psychiatric and neurologic disorders of humans. current status of research and critical comments]. | demonstration of bdv-specific serum antibodies, the isolation of bdv from cerebrospinal fluid of neuropsychiatric patients, and the recent demonstration of bdv antigen and bdv-rna in human brain tissues strongly suggest that bdv can infect humans. isolation of bd virus from brain tissue is needed for final proof. there is still great controversy about the question of whether bdv antigen, bdv-rna or bdv can be detected in peripheral blood monocytes or not. overall, the question of pathogenicity o ... | 1997 | 9280854 |
| comparison of the complete genomic sequence of the border disease virus, bd31, to other pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus is composed of hog cholera virus (hcv) [also known as classical swine fever virus (csfv)], bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus (bdv). complete sequences have been published for hcv (or csfv) and the two genotypes of bvdv (bvdv1 and bvdv2). in this study the complete sequence of the border disease virus (bdv), bd31, was determined. bd31 was isolated from a lamb with hairy shaker syndrome and is the bdv type virus offered by atcc (atcc vr-996). the gen ... | 1997 | 9282788 |
| borna disease virus infection in animals and humans. | the geographic distribution and host range of borna disease (bd), a fatal neurologic disease of horses and sheep, are larger than previously thought. the etiologic agent, borna disease virus (bdv), has been identified as an enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus with unique properties of replication. data indicate a high degree of genetic stability of bdv in its natural host, the horse. studies in the lewis rat have shown that bdv replication does not directly influence vital functions ... | 1997 | 9284379 |
| borna disease virus and neuropsychiatric disorders. the japan bornavirus study group. | | 1997 | 9284801 |
| borna disease virus and neurospsychiatric disorders. | | 1997 | 9284802 |
| [possible association of borna disease virus with human diseases]. | | 1997 | 9290313 |
| morphometric analysis of growth retardation in fetal lambs following experimental infection of pregnant ewes with border disease virus. | the onset of growth retardation was investigated in fetal lambs following experimental infection of pregnant ewes with border disease virus (bdv) on day 53 of pregnancy. fetuses from control and infected ewes were harvested at weekly intervals between day 60 and day 95 of gestation and morphometric studies were completed on tibial radiographs and tibial growth cartilage metaphyseal junctions. mean tibial areas were significantly reduced (p < 0.01) in fetuses from infected ewes at 35 and 42 days ... | 1997 | 9300542 |
| [severe complications, adverse effects due to blood transfusion and its measures--transfusion transmitted viral infections]. | since the implementation of blood screening for hbs-ag, htlv-1-ab, hiv-ab and hcv-ab, donor blood collected by the japan red cross blood center has become among the safest in the world. the current incidence of hbv, htlv-1, hiv and hcv transmission by blood transfusion are estimated to be 1/500,000, 1/50,000, 1/1,000,000 and 1/500, respectively. even though the latest, most advanced techniques are used, it is impossible to completely prevent transmission of these viruses. hiv transmission from d ... | 1997 | 9301297 |
| no borna disease virus-specific rna detected in blood from psychiatric patients in different regions of germany. the bornavirus study group. | | 1997 | 9329518 |
| implication of a cis-acting element in the cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced borna disease virus rnas. | borna disease virus (bdv), the prototype of a new family within the order mononegavirales, is unusual in its nuclear localization for replication and transcription and use of rna splicing for gene expression. the bdv antigenome contains three transcription units and six major open reading frames. multicistronic rnas containing two introns are elaborated from the third transcription unit. differential splicing of the two introns and cytoplasmic accumulation of the unspliced and partially spliced ... | 1997 | 9343263 |
| detection of a novel borna disease virus-encoded 10 kda protein in infected cells and tissues. | borna disease (bd) is a transmissible, progressive polioencephalomyelitis primarily of horses and sheep. the genomes of two cell-adapted strains of borna disease virus (bdv), the aetiological agent of bd, have been cloned and sequenced. according to the structural characterization achieved so far, bdv contains a non-segmented negative-sense 8.9 kb single-stranded rna genome. in this paper we report the expression, purification and intracellular tracing of a novel non-glycosylated bdv-specific pr ... | 1997 | 9349465 |
| subdivision of the pestivirus genus based on envelope glycoprotein e2. | conventionally, the genus pestivirus of the family flaviviridae has been divided into bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), and border disease virus (bdv). to date, bdv and bvdv have been isolated from different species, whereas csfv seems to be restricted to swine. pestiviruses are structurally and antigenically closely related. envelope glycoprotein e2 is the most immunogenic and most variable protein of pestiviruses. we cloned e2 genes of many different pesti ... | 1997 | 9356345 |
| detection of borna disease virus genome in normal human brain tissue. | borna disease virus (bdv), a neurotropic virus naturally infecting horses and sheep, has been suggested to be associated with human psychiatric disorders. thus far no extensive studies have been done, providing the evidence of bdv genome in normal human brain tissue. we therefore examined four brain regions of 30 normal autopsy brains for bdv p24 genome. by highly sensitive nested reverse transcriptase (rt)-mediated pcr analysis, we found positive pcr products in two brains: one in frontal and t ... | 1997 | 9372235 |
| [demonstration on borna disease virus in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome]. | chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs), a recently named heterogeneous disorder, is an illness of unknown etiology. the association between cfs and several viral infection has been suggested. here, we centered on the possible link between cfs and borna disease virus (bdv) infection. bdv is a neurotropic, nonsegmented negative-strand (nns) rna virus. recent epidemiological data have suggested that bdv may be closely associated with depression and schizophrenia in humans. in japanese patients with cfs, th ... | 1997 | 9396313 |
| amantadine does not have antiviral activity against borna disease virus. | we have investigated the antiviral activity of amantadine (ad) against borna disease virus (bdv) in several culture cell systems. we present evidence that ad, in the range 5 to 10 microm, does not have antiviral activity against bdv. treatment of bdv infected cells with ad for six days caused neither a reduction in the number of infected cells, nor a decrease in steady state levels of bdv rna or proteins. moreover, treatment of cells with ad prior infection did not affect bdv multiplication, whe ... | 1997 | 9413511 |
| borna disease virus is not sensitive to amantadine. | successful inhibition of borna disease virus (bdv) by amantadine in cultured cells and in an infected human individual has been reported [bode et al. (1997) lancet 349: 178-179]. we now found that infection of monkey vero cells by laboratory strains of bdv was not influenced by amantadine under conditions that reduced the yields of influenza a virus by about 400 fold. amantadine treatment of vero cells persistently infected with bdv did not result in reduced viral rna levels, and application of ... | 1997 | 9413512 |
| clinical similarities and close genetic relationship of human and animal borna disease virus. | borna disease virus (bdv) is the prototype genus of a new family, bornaviridae, within the order mononegavirales. bdv naturally infects animals and man. the symptomatology in animals ranges from subclinical infection to rare cases of encephalitis. asymptomatic infection seemed more frequent than expected, based on antibody data from 100 healthy horses derived from different stables with a history of diseased cases (30-40% carriers). likewise, phasic episodes of a neurobehavioral syndrome followe ... | 1997 | 9413536 |
| molecular characterization of borna disease virus from naturally infected animals and possible links to human disorders. | in this review data are presented which indicate a high degree of genetic stability of bdv in his natural host, the horse. despite this high degree of sequence conservation, variation in antigenicity was found, which did not influence the pathogenic properties of the virus. in addition, the correlation between bdv-seropositivity and a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders in humans is discussed. in diagnostically unselected psychiatric patients we found a similar distribution of psyc ... | 1997 | 9413537 |
| mechanism of borna disease virus entry into cells. | we have investigated the entry pathway of borna disease virus (bdv). virus entry was assessed by detecting early viral replication and transcription. lysosomotropic agents (ammonium chloride, chloroquine, and amantadine), as well as energy depletion, prevented bdv infection, indicating that bdv enters host cells by endocytosis and requires an acidic intracellular compartment to allow membrane fusion and initiate infection. consistent with this hypothesis, we observed that bdv-infected cells form ... | 1998 | 9420287 |
| borna disease virus and the brain. | viruses with the ability to establish persistent infection in the central nervous system (cns) can induce progressive neurologic disorders associated with diverse pathological manifestations. clinical, epidemiological, and virological evidence supports the hypothesis that viruses contribute to human mental diseases whose etiology remains elusive. therefore, the investigation of the mechanisms whereby viruses persist in the cns and disturb normal brain function represents an area of research rele ... | 1997 | 9421127 |
| clinical investigation of the relationship between borna disease virus (bdv) infection and schizophrenia in 67 patients in japan. | the relationship between borna disease virus (bdv) infection and schizophrenia in the clinical time course was investigated. by nested reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and western blotting, bdv-specific rna and anti-bdv antibodies were examined in the edta-treated blood from 67 schizophrenic patients (according to dsm-iii-r) in japan. a significantly higher proportion (45%) of anti-bdv antibody and/or bdv rna carriers were found among these 67 schizophrenic patients than in ... | 1997 | 9421336 |
| [a known virus in animals is suspected in humans. borna disease virus has been detected in human neuropathy]. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a newly classified non-segmented neurotrophic negative-strand rna virus with a worldwide distribution and affecting warm-blooded animals ranging from birds to primates. infection may be asymptomatic or results in manifest disturbances of movement behaviour. although bdv has not been unequivocally implicated in any human disease, several reports have suggested relationship to exist between bdv infection and certain neuropsychiatric syndromes including affective disord ... | 1997 | 9445954 |
| the neuropathogenesis of borna disease virus infections. | the unique genetic and biological properties of this small enveloped rna virus indicate that borna disease virus (bdv) is an evolutionary old pathogen. it appears perfectly adapted to persist inside the limbic system, a most delicate and sensitive old area of the mammalian brain involved in the control of mood, behavior, and memory. in many infected individuals, bdv remains a commensal during their lifetime. in a minority of vulnerable subjects, bdv becomes frequently activated, leading to episo ... | 1997 | 9450235 |
| disturbance of the cortical cholinergic innervation in borna disease prior to encephalitis. | rats experimentally infected with the highly neurotropic borna disease virus (bdv) display a wide variety of dysfunction such as learning deficiencies and behavioral abnormalities. prior to the onset of encephalitis alterations of one of the major cortical neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, were monitored immunohistochemically by light and electron microscopy of its synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (chat). we found a progressing decrease in the number of chat-positive fibers, startin ... | 1998 | 9458165 |
| an improved elisa for the detection of serum antibodies directed against classical swine fever virus. | the complex-trapping-blocking (ctb) elisa for detection of antibodies against classical swine fever virus (csfv) using two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) directed against envelope glycoprotein e2, has been improved using recombinant csfv e2-antigen. the newly developed ceditest elisa for csfv-ab is a modification of the ctb-elisa as described by wensvoort et al. (1988) and bloemraad et al. (1993). the old ctb-elisa format comprised of a two-step, single-dilution test which had to be performed by h ... | 1997 | 9460193 |
| dementia and borna disease virus. | | 1998 | 9469261 |
| characterization of a bovine viral diarrhea virus isolated from roe deer in germany. | the 5' untranslated region (5' utr) of cytopathogenic pestiviruses isolated from two seronegative roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in northern germany was partially sequenced and compared with those of 28 other pestiviruses. due to the occurrence within a narrow location and the complete identity of the sequenced fragments from both roe deer isolates (sh9 and sh11) they seem to belong to the same bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv) strain called sh9/11. this strain is highly homologous (up to 93% i ... | 1998 | 9476225 |
| nuclear targeting activity associated with the amino terminal region of the borna disease virus nucleoprotein. | the borna disease virus (bdv) replicates in the nucleus. the viral p40 protein (n), which is found abundantly in the nucleus in bdv-infected cells, may play an important role in virus replication. to analyze the amino acid residues involved in the nuclear targeting of bdv n, a series of eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding deletion mutants of n was constructed and transfected into cos-7 cells. in indirect immunofluorescence assays with a rabbit anti-bdv n antiserum, wild-type n was located in ... | 1998 | 9527928 |
| borna disease virus infection and schizophrenia: seroprevalence in schizophrenia patients. | | 1998 | 9533979 |
| interactions of the borna disease virus p, n, and x proteins and their functional implications. | borna disease virus (bdv) causes persistent central nervous system infection and behavioral disturbances in warm-blooded animals. protein interaction studies were pursued to gain insight into the functions of the putative nucleoprotein (n), phosphoprotein (p), atypical glycoprotein (gp18), and x protein (x) of bdv. coimmunoprecipitation experiments indicated that n and p, and p and x, form complexes in infected cells. two-hybrid analyses confirmed interactions between p and p, p and x, and p and ... | 1998 | 9535888 |
| borna disease virus-induced neurological disorder in mice: infection of neonates results in immunopathology. | borna disease virus (bdv) is a neurotropic nonsegmented negative-stranded rna virus that persistently infects warm-blooded animals. in horses and other natural animal hosts, infections with bdv cause meningoencephalitis and behavioral disturbances. experimental infection of adult mice takes a nonsymptomatic course, an observation previously believed to indicate that this animal species is not suitable for pathogenesis studies. we now demonstrate that bdv frequently induces severe neurological di ... | 1998 | 9557728 |