| cloning of the chandipura virus phosphoprotein encoding gene and its expression in escherichia coli. | chandipura (chp) virus, a member of the vesiculovirus genus within the rhabdoviridae family, was first isolated from human patients in india. the full length phosphoprotein p gene of chp have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli using the t7 polymerase-based pet-3 series of expression vectors. under optimal conditions of induction with iptg, the recombinant p protein constituted 35% of the total bacterial protein. the bacterially expressed protein was found to be phosphate-free. deletio ... | 1994 | 7787887 |
| structural and antigenic analysis of the nucleoprotein of bovine ephemeral fever rhabdovirus. | the nucleotide sequence of the bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv) genome has been determined from the 3' terminus to the end of the nucleoprotein (n) gene. the 3' leader sequence comprises 50 nucleotides and shares a common terminal three nucleotides (3'-ugc-) and a downstream u-rich domain with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) and rabies virus. the n gene comprises 1328 nucleotides from the transcription initiation consensus sequence (aacagg) to the conserved transcription termination-poly(a) ... | 1994 | 8046391 |
| formalin inactivation of vesicular stomatitis virus impairs t-cell- but not t-help-independent b-cell responses. | the effects of formalin on the infectivity and immunogenicity of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotype indiana were investigated. we found that formalin inactivation of vsv prevents infection of vero cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, as shown by fluorometric cell analysis and inhibition of plaque formation. inactivated vsv failed to induce significant cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses in vivo or after restimulation in vitro. in contrast, the early immunoglobulin m (igm) res ... | 1993 | 8389912 |
| determinants of serotype specificity in transcription of vesicular stomatitis virus synthetic nucleocapsids. | transcription of the nucleocapsid template of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is serotype specific, since the viral rna polymerase of the vsv indiana (ind) serotype transcribes the ind nucleocapsid but not the nucleocapsid of the vsv new jersey (nj) serotype and, similarly, the nj rna polymerase transcribes only the nj nucleocapsid. we have prepared synthetic nucleocapsid templates from various combinations of purified leader gene rna and n protein of these two vsv serotypes for analysis of ser ... | 1994 | 8116233 |
| piry virus antibodies in inhabitants of rio de janeiro. | | 1993 | 8139469 |
| immunological characterization of the vsv nucleocapsid (n) protein expressed by recombinant baculovirus in spodoptera exigua larva: use in differential diagnosis between vaccinated and infected animals. | vesicular stomatitis is a viral disease of cattle, pigs, and horses. the disease is characterized by vesicular lesions on the epithelium of the mouth, feet, and teats. the pathological lesions are virtually indistinguishable from that of foot-and-mouth disease. we have developed a recombinant baculovirus that expresses the nucleocapsid (n) protein of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsvnj) in insect cells (sf9) and larvae (spodoptera exigua). the gene was expressed under co ... | 1993 | 8390753 |
| genomic organization of lettuce necrotic yellows rhabdovirus. | we have mapped the genome of lettuce necrotic yellows virus (lnyv), the type member of the genus cytorhabdovirus of the family rhabdoviridae. we have cloned and sequenced all intergenic regions and the 3' leader and 5' trailer of the negative-sense, single-stranded rna genome of lnyv. the lnyv genome appears to contain six genes, the five expected genes coding for the virion proteins, and a sixth gene of unknown function, as for sonchus yellow net virus (synv), a member of the genus nucleorhabdo ... | 1994 | 8178430 |
| experimental infection of swine with a sandfly (lutzomyia shannoni) isolate of vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype. | | 1996 | 9026063 |
| matrix protein of chandipura virus inhibits transcription from an rna polymerase ii promoter. | chandipura virus (chpv) is a vesiculovirus, related to, but phylogenetically distinct from, vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the matrix protein of vsv, as well as its role in virus assembly, inhibits the transcription from promoters for host rna polymerases i and ii. cloning and expression of the matrix protein of chpv in human cells showed that this protein is also functional in its inhibitory effect on transcription of a reporter gene from the cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter, despite ... | 1999 | 10595413 |
| rapid detection of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype in clinical samples by using polymerase chain reaction. | vesicular stomatitis virus of the new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) causes vesicular disease in cattle, pigs, and horses throughout the americas. vesicular disease is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). therefore, outbreaks of vesicular disease in fmd-free areas must be rapidly diagnosed by laboratory methods and affected farms must be quarantined until laboratory results confirm the absence of fmd. diagnosis is currently performed in high-containment (biosafety level 3) l ... | 1993 | 8396584 |
| experimental vesicular stomatitis in swine: effects of route of inoculation and steroid treatment. | an enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) exists on ossabaw island, georgia. many questions regarding the epizootiology of this virus at this focus still exist, but evidence suggests that the vector for this virus is a phlebotomine sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni), with feral swine serving as a potential source of virus for the sand fly and for other swine via contact transmission. we conducted 2 experimental trials in domestic swine using vsv-nj isolated from a s ... | 1997 | 9211231 |
| vector competence of select black fly species for vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype). | black flies collected from southern arizona were evaluated for their vector competence to the oaxaca and camp verde isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) (vsv-nj). the camp verde isolate is the index isolate of the 1982-1983 vsv-nj epizootic that infected humans and livestock in 14 western states. previous experiments have shown that colonized simulium vittatum females are competent laboratory vectors of both virus isolates. however, under controlled laboratory conditions, ... | 1997 | 9242316 |
| display of disparate transcription phenotype by the phosphorylation negative p protein mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus, indiana serotype, expressed in e. coli and eucaryotic cells. | the phosphoprotein (p) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is a subunit of the rna polymerase (l) that transcribes the negative strand genome rna into mrnas both in vitro and in vivo. we have recently shown that the p protein of vsv, new jersey serotype (pnj), expressed in e. coli, is biologically inactive unless phosphorylated at specific serine residues by cellular casein kinase ii (ckii). in the present work, we are studying the role of phosphorylation in the activation of the p protein of in ... | 1997 | 9368099 |
| hierarchal constitutive phosphorylation of the vesicular stomatitis virus p protein and lack of effect on p1 to p2 conversion. | in vitro reconstitution of a transcriptionally active vsv polymerase complex (p:l) reportedly requires phosphorylation of the n-terminal domain of p by ckii. two constitutively phosphorylated sites have been implicated in this activation for both vsv indiana and new jersey serotype p proteins. we show here that, in contrast to new jersey, the indiana p protein is constitutively phosphorylated on three sites in vivo. the evidence rests on assessing the phosphorylation status of transfected p gene ... | 1995 | 8525614 |
| oral infection of culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae) by vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey (vsnjv) was mixed with bovine blood or fetal bovine serum (fbs) and fed across silicone membranes to laboratory populations of culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones. in an initial study, virus was detected after 13 d in 21% of the midges that received an fbs/vsnjv mixture. in subsequent time-course experiments, engorged females were collected and maintained at 20.0 degrees c and assayed for vsnjv immediately after feeding and at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 13 d a ... | 2000 | 11004797 |
| normal replication of vesicular stomatitis virus without c proteins. | the expression of two small basic proteins (c and c') encoded by a second open reading frame of the new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) p gene was reported previously (spiropoulou and nichol, j. virol., 67, 3103-3110, 1993). here we found that the indiana serotype virus also expressed c and c' proteins from this reading frame. we eliminated c and c' expression by making a single base change that introduced a stop codon in the c and c' coding sequence, but left the p-protein s ... | 1996 | 8607260 |
| rna polymerase (l) gene and genome terminal sequences of ephemeroviruses bovine ephemeral fever virus and adelaide river virus indicate a close relationship to vesiculoviruses. | the sequence of the rna genome of bovine ephemeral fever virus (befv) was determined from the start of the l (polymerase) gene to the end of the untranslated 5' trailer sequence, completing the sequence of the 14900 nucleotide (nt) genome. the 6470 nt l gene encodes a single long orf of 2144 amino acids with a deduced molecular weight of 249766 da. the 70 nt befv 5' trailer region displays partial terminal complementarity with the 3' leader sequence and contains a 26 nt direct repeat of the u-ri ... | 2000 | 11074128 |
| serologic survey for selected infectious disease agents in swift and kit foxes from the western united states. | a serologic survey of swift fox (vulpes velox) and kit fox (v. macrotis) from the western usa was conducted for 12 infectious diseases. samples from swift fox were collected between 1987 and 1992 from colorado (n = 44), kansas (n = 10), and wyoming (n = 9). samples from kit fox were collected in california (n = 86), new mexico (n = 18), utah (n = 9), and arizona (n = 6). overall antibody prevalence rates were 33 of 110 (30%) for canine parvovirus (cpv), 9 of 72 (13%) for canine distemper virus ( ... | 2000 | 11085448 |
| basic amino acid residues at the carboxy-terminal eleven amino acid region of the phosphoprotein (p) are required for transcription but not for replication of vesicular stomatitis virus genome rna. | the phosphoprotein (p) of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotypes new jersey [p(nj)] and indiana [p(i)] contains a highly conserved carboxy-terminal domain which is required for binding to the cognate n-rna template as well as to form a soluble complex with the nucleocapsid protein n in vivo. we have shown that the deletion of 11 amino acids from the c terminal end of the p(i) protein abolishes both the template binding and the complex forming activity with the n protein. within this region, ... | 1997 | 9375014 |
| vsv-nj on ossabaw island, georgia. the truth is out there. | ossabaw island, georgia, is the only recognized enzootic focus of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) in the united states and has been the subject of vsv-nj research since 1981. to date, vsv-nj antibodies have been detected only from feral swine, cattle, equines, deer, and raccoons. vsv-nj transmission occurs annually, is seasonal, and is associated with the maritime forest. despite high transmission rates the clinical disease is rarely detected. a sand fly (lutzomyia shannoni) occur ... | 2000 | 11193657 |
| laboratory vector competence of black flies (diptera:simuliidae) for the indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. | in previous experiments we have demonstrated that colonized and wild black flies are competent laboratory vectors of different mexican and western usa isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype new jersey (vsv-nj). we have recently demonstrated biological vsv-nj transmission by black flies using animal models. in the study described here, we tested the vector competence of colonized and wild black flies for the vesicular stomatitis virus, serotype indiana (vsv-in). a 1998 equine isolate wa ... | 2000 | 11193658 |
| persistence of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey rna in convalescent hamsters. | persistence of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) was studied in experimentally infected hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). we used reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-npcr) to probe tissues of hamsters inoculated with vsv-nj hazelhurst. viral genomic rna was detected in the brain, cerebellum, spleen, liver, kidney, and lung 2 months after infection, but only in the central nervous system at 10 and 12 months. viral messenger rna was detected in the brain of o ... | 1996 | 8638411 |
| rod-like shape of vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein. | the shape of purified matrix protein (m) of vesicular stomatitis virus was determined using biophysical techniques like analytical centrifugation, dynamic light scattering, and small-angle neutron scattering. the data obtained are consistent with a rod-like model for m protein with a length of about 100 +/- 10 a and a radius of 9 +/- 1 a. these dimensions are in agreement with the substructure of m protein aggregates and with the fine morphology of the axial channel material found inside the vir ... | 1996 | 8638412 |
| vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus rna persists in cattle following convalescence. | to test the hypothesis that vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) persists in convalescent cattle, we used explant cultures and reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reactions to probe for viral genomic, replicative intermediate, and mrna in two cows experimentally inoculated in the tongue 5 months earlier and three cows naturally infected 4-14 months previously. virus was not isolated from any tissues of any animal. sequences of the viral polymerase and nucleocapsid genes were ... | 1996 | 8638415 |
| multiple vesiculoviral matrix proteins inhibit both nuclear export and import. | the matrix (m) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits both nuclear import and export. here, we demonstrate that this inhibitory property is conserved between the m proteins from two other vesiculoviruses, chandipura virus and spring viremia carp virus. all three m proteins completely block nuclear transport of spliced mrna, small nuclear rnas, and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins and slow the nuclear transport of many other cargoes. in all cases where transport was merely slowed by the m ... | 2001 | 11447272 |
| interferon induction as a quasispecies marker of vesicular stomatitis virus populations. | the interferon (ifn)-inducing capacity of different isolates of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of the indiana (in) and new jersey (nj) serotypes were measured to assess the extent of variability of this phenotype. over 200 preparations of wild-type field isolates, laboratory strains, and plaque-derived subpopulations were examined. marked heterogeneity was found in the ability of these viruses to induce ifn, covering a 10,000-fold range. a good fit to a normal distribution for the log of the i ... | 1998 | 9420257 |
| cytopathic effect inhibition assay for canine interferon activity. | conditions for cytopathic effect (cpe) inhibition assay of canine interferon (ifn) activity in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells and in canine tumor cell line a72 was investigated using the new jersey strain of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv). the culture supernatant from canine splenocytes stimulated with ultraviolet-irradiated newcastle disease viruses was used as reference ifn. mdck cells were resistant for growth of vsv when the cells were confluent. full cpe was observed only in a spa ... | 1996 | 8645752 |
| heterologous exchanges of the glycoprotein and the matrix protein in a novirhabdovirus. | infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) are two salmonid rhabdoviruses replicating at low temperatures (14 to 20 degrees c). both viruses belong to the novirhabdovirus genus, but they are only distantly related and do not cross antigenically. by using a recently developed reverse-genetic system based on ihnv (s. biacchesi et al., j. virol. 74:11247-11253, 2000), we investigated the ability to exchange ihnv glycoprotein g with that of vhsv. thu ... | 2002 | 11861855 |
| determination of the complete genomic sequence and analysis of the gene products of the virus of spring viremia of carp, a fish rhabdovirus. | the complete genome of spring viremia of carp virus (svcv) was cloned and the sequence of 11019 nucleotides was determined. it contains five open reading frames (orf's) encoding for the nucleoprotein n; phosphoprotein p; matrix protein m; glycoprotein g; and the viral rna dependent rna polymerase l. genes are organised in the order typical for rhabdoviruses: 3'-n-p-m-g-l-5'. the short leader and trailer regions of svcv exhibit inverse complementarity and are similar to the respective 3' and 5' e ... | 2002 | 11900842 |
| isolation of a vesicular virus belonging to the family rhabdoviridae from the aqueous humor of a patient with bilateral corneal endotheliitis. | to report bilateral corneal endotheliitis caused by a vesicular virus (family rhabdoviridae). | 2002 | 11917189 |
| folding, unfolding, and refolding of the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. | folding and refolding of the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g protein), new jersey serotype, were studied both in infected cells and after urea denaturation and reduction of isolated protein in vitro. to assess the contribution of disulfide bonds to the conformation of this type i membrane glycoprotein, reduced and alkylated forms were compared with unreduced g proteins by their mobility on sds-polyacrylamide gels and by their reactivity with conformation-dependent monoclonal ant ... | 1996 | 8672443 |
| comparison of the serum neutralization test and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey and vesicular stomatitis virus indiana. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa) for the detection of antibodies against vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) and vesicular stomatitis virus indiana (vsv-in) was compared with the serum neutralization test (snt) using 1,106 serum samples obtained from dairy cattle on sentinel study farms in the poás region of costa rica. kappa coefficients between the c-elisa and the snt were 0.8871 (95% confidence interval [ci]: 0.8587-0.9155) and 0.6912 (95% ci: 0.6246-0.7577 ... | 2002 | 12033681 |
| matrix protein mutations contribute to inefficient induction of apoptosis leading to persistent infection of human neural cells by vesicular stomatitis virus. | in a model system to study factors involved in the establishment of a persistent viral infection that may lead to neurodegenerative diseases, indiana and new jersey variants of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) with different capacities to infect and persist in human neural cells were studied. indiana matrix (m) protein mutants and the wild-type new jersey strain persisted in the human neural cell line h4 for at least 120 days. the indiana wild-type virus (hr) and a non-m mutant (tp6), both unabl ... | 2002 | 12033766 |
| the length and sequence composition of vesicular stomatitis virus intergenic regions affect mrna levels and the site of transcript initiation. | in this study, we used a dicistronic vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) minigenome to investigate the effects of either single or multiple nucleotide insertions placed immediately after the nontranscribed intergenic dinucleotide of the m gene on vsv transcription. both northern blot and primer extension analysis showed that the polymerase responded to the inserted nucleotides in a sequence-specific manner such that some insertions had no effect on mrna synthesis from the downstream g gene, nor on ... | 1998 | 9621014 |
| potential for contact and mechanical vector transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey in pigs. | to determine whether swine could be infected with vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) by routes simulating mechanical vector and contact transmission, and to document clinical response and measure source, duration, and extent of associated viral shedding. | 1999 | 9918146 |
| serological survey of small mammals in a vesicular stomatitis virus enzootic area. | small mammals were captured in a costa rican dairy farm located in a vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) enzootic focus, in order to determine which species were naturally infected by this virus. monthly captures were performed from march 1989 to february 1990. eighty-four individuals belonging to the orders rodentia (n = 52), insectivora (n = 31) and marsupialia (n = 1) were captured. only sigmodon hispidus had neutralizing antibodies to vsv; among 21 animals, six had antibodies to indiana, one to ... | 1996 | 8722265 |
| 1995 epizootic of vesicular stomatitis (new jersey serotype) in the western united states: an entomologic perspective. | entomologic and epizootic data are reviewed concerning the potential for transmission of vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus by insects, including field data from case-positive premises in new mexico and colorado during the 1995 outbreak of the new jersey serotype (vsnj). as with previous outbreaks of vsnj in the western united states, the 1995 epizootic illustrated that risk of exposure is seasonal, increasing during warm weather and decreasing with onset of cool weather; virus activity spread from ... | 1999 | 10071485 |
| use of sentinel herds to study the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis in the state of colorado. | approximately 20 sentinel premises in colorado were visited quarterly during a 3-year prospective study to investigate the persistence of vs viruses in horses. a survey to assess management practices, health events, animal movements and environmental data was completed at each visit. collection of serum samples and oral swabs along with a clinical examination of sentinel horses were performed at each visit. serum samples were tested by 2 or more of 4 available serological tests. the data collect ... | 2002 | 12381592 |
| immunolocalization of vesicular stomatitis virus in black flies (simulium vittatum). | vesicular stomatitis, a disease of cattle, horses, and swine, is caused by either vesicular stomatitis virus, new jersey serotype (vsv-nj), or vesicular stomatitis virus, indiana serotype, which are related viruses in the genus vesiculovirus, family rhabdoviridae. although recognized for at least 160 years, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains undefined. black flies have been suggested as a vector for vsv-nj. in this study we infected three- to four-week-old female black fli ... | 2002 | 12381614 |
| periplasmic expression of biologically active vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein p in escherichia coli. | overexpression of a clone of vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein p (new jersey serotype) using t7 promoter with phoa leader sequence and a simpler two-step purification procedure of the expressed protein has been developed. the purified protein retains its ability to activate the transcription reaction. comparative transcriptional assay using the protein p purified from periplasmic space and from cytosol (in the form of inclusion body) of escherichia coli establishes the fact that the form ... | 1996 | 8776756 |
| spring viremia of carp (svc). | spring viremia of carp (svc) is an important disease affecting cyprinids, mainly common carp cyprinus carpio. the disease is widespread in european carp culture, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. designated a notifiable disease by the office international des epizooties, svc is caused by a rhabdovirus, spring viremia of carp virus (svcv). affected fish show destruction of tissues in the kidney, spleen and liver, leading to hemorrhage, loss of water-salt balance and impairment ... | 2002 | 12553453 |
| ecological factors rather than temporal factors dominate the evolution of vesicular stomatitis virus. | vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsv-nj) is a rhabdovirus that causes economically important disease in cattle and other domestic animals in endemic areas from southeastern united states to northern south america. its negatively stranded rna genome is capable of undergoing rapid evolution, which allows phylogenetic analysis and molecular epidemiology studies to be performed. previous epidemiological studies in costa rica showed the existence of at least two distinct ecological zones of hig ... | 1996 | 8917539 |
| vesicular stomatitis. | vesicular stomatitis is a disease of livestock caused by some members of the vesiculovirus genus (family rhabdoviridae), two of which are called 'vesicular stomatitis virus'. clinical disease presents as severe vesiculation and/or ulceration of the tongue, oral tissues, feet, and teats, and results in substantial loss of productivity. except for its appearance in horses, it is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease. unlike foot-and-mouth disease, it is very infectious for man a ... | 1999 | 10328837 |
| development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of bovine, ovine, porcine, and equine antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus. | two competitive (c) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in animal sera. the assays are based upon the availability of polyclonal antibodies (pabs) from mouse ascitic fluids prepared against the new jersey (nj) and the indiana (in) vsv serotypes. the assays were performed by the immobilization of vsv-nj and vsv-in antigens on a solid phase (microtiter plate). appropriately diluted test serum mixed with an e ... | 1993 | 8394377 |
| feral swine as a potential amplifying host for vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype on ossabaw island, georgia. | sentinel feral swine (sus scrofa) on ossabaw island, georgia (usa), were serologically monitored for antibodies to vesicular stomatitis new jersey serotype (vsnj) virus from 17 april to 27 august 1990. seroconversions to vsnj virus were detected in 24% of swine island-wide. differences in the incidence of seroconversion were detected between swine sampled in the pleistocene and holocene formations of the island suggesting that the presence of virus is forest type dependent. based on the consiste ... | 1993 | 8394941 |
| antiviral activities of various water and methanol soluble substances isolated from ganoderma lucidum. | in order to find antiviral substances from basidiomycetes, two water soluble substances, glhw and gllw, and eight methanol soluble substances, glme-1-8, were prepared from carpophores of ganoderma lucidum. these substances were examined for their activities against five strains of pathogenic viruses such as herpes simplex virus types 1 (hsv-1) and 2 (hsv-2), influenza a virus (flu a) and vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) indiana and new jersey strains in vitro. antiviral activities were evaluated ... | 1999 | 10624872 |
| immune responses in mice, cattle and horses to a dna vaccine for vesicular stomatitis. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) virus causes an important clinical disease of cattle and horses in north america. in order for a vaccine to be useful in the control of vs, it must not only protect against disease, but allow ready differentiation of infected and vaccinated animals. in these studies, we evaluated neutralizing antibody responses in outbred mice, calves, and horses that received a dna vaccine that expressed the glycoprotein (g) gene of vs new jersey virus. the vaccine elicited antibody ti ... | 2000 | 10738093 |
| identification of spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv) by combined rt-pcr and nested pcr. | a combination of single-tube reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and nested pcr was used to identify spring viraemia of carp rhabdovirus (svcv) in infected cell cultures and fish tissues. two pairs of specific primers (external and internal) were selected from the glycoprotein gene sequence. a specific product of 470 bp was amplified from rna derived from 34 svcv isolates including the reference strain (fijan), using rt-pcr with the external primers. the subsequent pcr using the internal primers yiel ... | 2003 | 13677509 |
| re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the western united states is associated with distinct viral genetic lineages. | phylogenetic analysis of partial phosphoprotein and glycoprotein gene sequences showed that a single genetic lineage of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) serotype new jersey (nj) caused the 1995 and 1997 outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis (vs) in the western united states. while distinct from vsv-nj strains causing previous outbreaks in the western united states and those circulating in feral swine in the southeastern united states, this lineage was closely related to viral lineages circulating in ... | 2000 | 10814582 |
| n-terminal region of p protein of chandipura virus is responsible for phosphorylation-mediated homodimerization. | the phosphoprotein p of chandipura (chp) virus, an indian isolate of rhabdovirus, was found to support transcription upon phosphorylation by casein kinase ii (ckii). a phosphorylation-induced change in the protein conformation was found to occur at the n-terminal region of the protein. biochemical studies for further characterization of this phosphorylation-based conformational alteration demonstrated that phosphorylation leads to the transition from an 'open' to 'closed' structure of the protei ... | 2000 | 10877855 |
| emerging vesiculo-type virus infections of freshwater fishes in europe. | rhabdoviruses were isolated from perch perca fluviatilis and largemouth bass micropterus salmoides exhibiting clinical signs of disease. preliminary studies indicated that these viruses could be neutralised by antisera to perch rhabdovirus (dorson et al. 1984) and may be similar to those previously isolated from grayling thymallus thymallus and pike-perch stizostedion stizostedion. the relationship between these viruses and the previously characterised fish rhabdoviruses, pike fry rhabdovirus (p ... | 2003 | 14960032 |
| potentiation of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus infection in mice by mosquito saliva. | saliva of arthropod vectors can modulate vertebrate host immunological functions in many ways. to investigate if vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnj) infection could be potentiated by arthropod saliva, mice in three different age groups (3 days, 3 weeks, or > 8 months) were exposed to vsnj-infected mosquitoes or were needle injected with an equivalent dose of vsnj (titre 1.5-3 logs). previous studies have demonstrated that vs viruses do not replicate in mice older than 3 weeks of age. in ... | 2000 | 10972853 |
| glycoprotein exchange vectors based on vesicular stomatitis virus allow effective boosting and generation of neutralizing antibodies to a primary isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. | live recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsvs) expressing foreign antigens are highly effective vaccine vectors. however, these vectors induce high-titer neutralizing antibody directed at the single vsv glycoprotein (g), and this antibody alone can prevent reinfection and boosting with the same vector. to determine if efficient boosting could be achieved by changing the g protein of the vector, we have developed two new recombinant vsv vectors based on the vsv indiana serotype but with the ... | 2000 | 11069984 |
| longitudinal studies in the epidemiology of vesicular stomatitis on costa rican dairy farms. | twenty-three costa rican dairy herds from an vesicular stomatitis (vs) endemic area were under an active surveillance between april 1997 and march 1999. ninety-two confirmed cases of vs new jersey were found. factors associated with clinical cases of vs virus new jersey were: parity (animals of parity 4 or 5 were 5.3 times more likely to present a clinical case than animals of parity 3 and lower; on the other hand, animals of parity 6 and higher showed an odds 4.6 times greater than animals of p ... | 2000 | 11193656 |
| survey of small rodents and hematophagous flies in three sentinel farms in a costa rican vesicular stomatitis endemic region. | a survey of rodents and hematophagous flies was conducted on three farms located in an area endemic for vesicular stomatitis to determine the species composition of each zoological group occurring in these areas. eleven species of small rodents were collected and identified. individuals from forty-nine species of hematophagous flies of the families ceratopogonidae, culicidae, and phlebotominae were captured and identified. the species compositions in each group were compared between farms. roden ... | 2000 | 11193660 |
| characterization of oita virus 296/1972 of rhabdoviridae isolated from a horseshoe bat bearing characteristics of both lyssavirus and vesiculovirus. | oita virus 296/1972 was isolated from the blood of a wild horseshoe bat, rhinolophus cornutus (temminck) in 1972. we investigated the pathogenicity of this virus in mice in relation to its histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics and the entire sequence of nucleoprotein gene. this virus caused lethal encephalitis in mice through intracerebral route. this susceptibility of mice was until 3 weeks of age. immunohistochemical analysis using the convalescent sera obtained ... | 2004 | 15168201 |
| contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey in pigs. | to determine how viral shedding and development or lack of clinical disease relate to contact transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) in pigs and determine whether pigs infected by contact could infect other pigs by contact. | 2001 | 11327457 |
| development of an immunoglobulin m (igm) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of equine and swine igm antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus. | an immunoglobulin m (igm) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mc-elisa) was developed for the detection of primary infection of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) in equine and swine sera. the test was based on the use of biotinylated sheep antibodies against equine or swine igm molecules bound to a streptavidin-coated elisa plate. the captured igm antibodies were detected by application of antigens prepared from the new jersey and the indiana vsv serotypes (vsv-nj and vsv-in, respectively) ... | 2001 | 11329443 |
| chandipura virus: an emerging human pathogen? | | 2004 | 15351172 |
| a large outbreak of acute encephalitis with high fatality rate in children in andhra pradesh, india, in 2003, associated with chandipura virus. | an outbreak of acute encephalitis of unknown origin with high case fatality (183 of 329 cases) was reported in children from andhra pradesh state in southern india during 2003. we investigated the causative agent. | 2004 | 15351194 |
| pathogenesis of experimental vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) infection in the deer mouse (peromyscus maniculatus). | the pathogenesis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) infection has not been investigated previously in native new world rodents that may have a role in the epidemiology of the disease. in the present study, 45 juvenile and 80 adult deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) were inoculated intranasally with vsv new jersey serotype (vsv-nj) and examined sequentially over a 7-day period. virus was detected by means of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization in all tissues containing histologic lesi ... | 2001 | 11467473 |
| molecular characterisation of the nucleocapsid protein gene, glycoprotein gene and gene junctions of rhabdovirus 903/87, a novel fish pathogenic rhabdovirus. | the sequences of the nucleocapsid and glycoprotein genes and the gene junctions of the fish pathogenic rhabdovirus 903/87 were determined from cdna and pcr clones. the mrna of the nucleocapsid is most likely 1492 nucleotides long and encodes a protein of 426 amino acids, whereas the mrna of the glycoprotein is likely to be 1682 nucleotides long and the protein 517 amino acids. when the nucleocapsid and glycoprotein genes of virus 903/87 were compared at amino acid level with other rhabdoviruses ... | 2001 | 11597744 |
| two new rhabdoviruses (rhabdoviridae) isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis, northeastern united states. | two novel rhabdoviruses were isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis in the northeastern united states. the first, designated farmington virus, is a tentative new member of the vesiculovirus genus. the second, designated rhode island virus, is unclassified antigenically, but its ultrastructure and size are more similar to those of some of the plant rhabdoviruses. both viruses infect birds and mice, as well as monkey kidney cells in culture, but their importance for hum ... | 2002 | 12023919 |
| emergence and re-emergence of vesicular stomatitis in the united states. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) is an important disease of cattle, horses and pigs. the causal agent is an arbovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) of which two distinct serotypes new jersey (nj) and indiana (in) have been described. the clinical signs in cattle and pigs are undistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), one of the most devastating viral infections of livestock. vsv is the most important cause of vesicular disease in fmd-free countries in the americas, causing thousands of ou ... | 2002 | 12034487 |
| crystal structure of vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein. | the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) matrix protein (m) interacts with cellular membranes, self-associates and plays a major role in virus assembly and budding. we present the crystallographic structure, determined at 1.96 a resolution, of a soluble thermolysin resistant core of vsv m. the fold is a new fold shared by the other vesiculovirus matrix proteins. the structure accounts for the loss of stability of m temperature-sensitive mutants deficient in budding, and reveals a flexible loop protr ... | 2002 | 12065402 |
| neutralizing antibodies against vesicular stomatitis viruses (serotypes new jersey and indiana) in horses in costa rica. | serum samples were collected from domestic horses in 4 different regions of costa rica to detect antibodies against vesicular stomatitis viruses, serotypes new jersey (vsv-nj) and indiana (vsv-in). a total of 214 samples were tested by the virus neutralization test. the sampling regions were identified as low north pacific dry area (1), low middle atlantic humid area (2), low south pacific humid area (3), and the highlands (4). in region 1, 97.1% of horses were positive for vsv-nj and 16.5% were ... | 2002 | 12296402 |
| black fly involvement in the epidemic transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (rhabdoviridae: vesiculovirus). | the transmission routes of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (vsnjv), a causative agent of vesicular stomatitis, an office international des epizooties list-a disease, are not completely understood. epidemiological and entomological studies conducted during the sporadic epidemics in the western united states have identified potential virus transmission routes involving insect vectors and animal-to-animal contact. in the present study we experimentally tested the previously proposed transmiss ... | 2004 | 15671739 |
| g, n, and p gene-based analysis of chandipura viruses, india. | an encephalitis outbreak in 2003 in children from india was attributed to chandipura virus. sequence analyses of g, n, and p genes showed 95.6%-97.6% nucleotide identity with the 1965 isolate (g gene, 7-11 amino acid changes); n and p genes were highly conserved. | 2005 | 15705335 |
| growth and molecular evolution of vesicular stomatitis serotype new jersey in cells derived from its natural insect-host: evidence for natural adaptation. | in this study we evaluated the growth and molecular evolution of a natural isolate of vsv-nj (89gas) from sand flies in cells derived from sand flies (ll5), mosquitoes (c6/36) or hamsters (bhk21). two vsv-nj natural isolates of mammalian origin were used for comparison. for each virus we measured: (i) ability to grow in one-step growth curve or after serial passage on each cell type; (ii) ability to induce persistent infection, and (iii) genetic stability of the glycoprotein gene (g) after seria ... | 2002 | 12367751 |
| replication and transcription of viral rnas by recombinant l proteins of new jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus. | the large (l) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), catalytic subunit of rna-dependent rna polymerase is responsible for the transcription and replication of vsv. the l protein of the indiana serotype of vsv (vsv(ind)) has previously been cloned and expressed, and used in the reverse genetics of vsv(ind). however, the cdna clones expressing functional l proteins of the vsv(nj) serotype were not available. it was necessary to obtain functional clones of the new jersey serotype of vsv (vsv( ... | 2002 | 12457988 |
| combinatorial immunoglobulin light chain variability creates sufficient b cell diversity to mount protective antibody responses against pathogen infections. | to analyze how combinatorial light (l) chain diversity influences the b cell repertoire, we studied mice with a homozygous immunoglobulin-heavy-chain null mutation (mu mt), in which the b cell developmental block was overridden by the expression of a transgenic immunoglobulin mu heavy (h) chain derived from a vesicular stomatitis virus indiana serotype (vsv-ind)-neutralizing ab (t11 mu mt mice). the randomly integrated transgene could not undergo secondary rearrangements and was expressed in com ... | 2003 | 12672061 |
| effect of mosquito salivary gland treatment on vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus replication and interferon alpha/beta expression in vitro. | the sensitivity of vesicular stomatitis (vs) viruses to interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral effects has been well documented. previous studies in our laboratory have shown the ability of mosquito saliva to enhance vesicular stomatitis new jersey (vsnj) virus infection in mice. to investigate the effect of mosquito saliva on virus replication and ifn alpha/beta expression, virus titers were analyzed at various time points after infection in cells that were treated with mosquito salivary gland hom ... | 2003 | 12693849 |
| genetic comparison of the rhabdoviruses from animals and plants. | there are more than 160 viral species in the rhabdovidae family, most of which can be grouped into one of the six genera including vesiculovirus, lyssavirus, ephemerovirus, novirhabdovirus, cytorhabdovirus, and nucleorhabdovirus. these viruses are not only morphologically similar but also genetically related. analysis of viral genes shows that rhabdoviruses are more closely related to each other than to viruses in other families. with the development of reverse genetics, the functions of many ci ... | 2005 | 15981465 |
| fish rhabdoviruses: molecular epidemiology and evolution. | rhabdoviruses may cause serious diseases in wild and farmed fish. within the rhabdoviridae six genera have been established: ephemerovirus, cytorhabdovirus, nucleorhabdovirus, lyssavirus, vesiculovirus, and novirhabdovirus. viruses that infect fish are official or tentative members of the genera vesiculovirus and novirhabdovirus, or are listed as unassigned rhabdoviruses. in this report, we summarize and discuss published and our own unpublished data on the molecular epidemiology and phylogeogra ... | 2005 | 15981469 |
| deduced structural model for animal rhabdovirus glycoproteins. | the g protein sequences of fourteen animal rhabdoviruses, representing all four recognized genera (vesiculovirus, lyssavirus, ephemerovirus and novirhabdovirus) and the ungrouped sigma virus, were aligned using clustal w and adjusted to account for obvious sequence similarities not detected by the algorithm. analysis of the alignment indicated remarkable preservation of g protein structural features including cysteine residues, antigenic sites and significant elements of secondary structure (alp ... | 1999 | 10355768 |
| bite transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) to laboratory mice by simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae). | laboratory-reared female black flies (simulium vittatum zetterstedt) were infected experimentally with a 1997 vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey serotype isolate and allowed to feed on susceptible laboratory mice. all mice exposed to black fly bite seroconverted by day 21 after infection, an indication of virus transmission. in addition, viral rna was detected in the spleen of several mice. these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that black flies are involved in vsv-nj transmission ... | 1999 | 10467765 |
| development of monoclonal antibody-linked elisa for sero-diagnosis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-in) using baculovirus expressed glycoprotein. | the gene encoding the envelope glycoprotein (gp) of vesicular stomatitis virus serotype, indiana (vsv-in), was expressed under the polyhedron promoter of baculovirus. the recombinant gp was applied as a diagnostic antigen for the detection of cattle and horse antibodies to vsv. in addition, the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to gp of vsv-in was used as trapping antibody in a mab-linked indirect elisa (mli-elisa) or detecting antibody in a mab-linked competitive elisa (mlc-elisa). the dia ... | 2005 | 16076499 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is a determinant of pathogenesis in swine, a natural host. | there are two major serotypes of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), indiana (vsiv) and new jersey (vsnjv). we recovered recombinant vsivs from engineered cdnas that contained either (i) one copy of the vsiv g gene (vsiv-g(i)); (ii) two copies of the g gene, one from each serotype (vsiv-g(nj)g(i)); or (iii) a single copy of the g(nj) gene instead of the g(i) gene (vsiv-g(nj)). the recombinant viruses expressed the appropriate glycoproteins, incorporated them into virions, and were neutralized by a ... | 2003 | 12829843 |
| [deadly encephalitis epidemic in india caused by the chandipura virus]. | | 2003 | 14518434 |
| a single-tube multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis indiana 1 and new jersey viruses in insects. | a multiplex single-tube reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has been developed for the detection and differentiation of vesicular stomatitis viruses (vsv), indiana 1 and new jersey, from insect samples. using this assay, detection of either or both viruses in as little as 20 fg of total rna from tissue culture was achieved, along with detection of vesicular stomatitis (vs) rna from macerates containing 2 infected mosquitoes in pools of 10-30 noninfected mosquitoes. vesicular ... | 2003 | 14667019 |
| biological transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype) by simulium vittatum (diptera: simuliidae) to domestic swine (sus scrofa). | the role of hematophagous arthropods in vesicular stomatitis virus (new jersey serotype; vsv-nj) transmission during epizootics has remained unclear for decades in part because it has never been shown that clinical or subclinical disease in a livestock host results from the bite of an infected insect. in this study, we investigated the ability of vsv-nj-infected black flies (simulium vittatum zetterstedt) to transmit the virus to domestic swine, sus scrofa l. experimental evidence presented here ... | 2004 | 14989350 |
| p-protein of chandipura virus is an n-protein-specific chaperone that acts at the nucleation stage. | the nucleocapsid protein n of chandipura virus is prone to aggregation in vitro. we have shown that this aggregation occurs in two phases in a nucleation-dependent manner. electron microscopy suggests that the aggregated state may have a ring-like structure. using a gfp fusion, we have shown that the n-protein also aggregates in vivo. the p-protein suppresses the n-protein aggregation efficiently, both in vitro and in vivo. increased lag phase in the presence of the p-protein suggests that chape ... | 2004 | 15005621 |
| vertical and venereal transmission of chandipura virus (rhabdoviridae) by aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae). | experiments in the laboratory documented vertical and venereal transmission of chandipura virus (chpv) in aedes aegypti (l.). the minimum filial infection rate among the progeny of infected females was 1.2%; the rate among male and female progeny was 0.9 and 1.4%, respectively. the venereal infection rate of chpv among inseminated females was 32.7%. our study indicates the possible occurrence of vertical and venereal transmission of chpv in insect vectors. | 2005 | 16363175 |
| prediction and identification of a permissive epitope insertion site in the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein. | we developed a rational approach to identify a site in the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) glycoprotein (g) that is exposed on the protein surface and tolerant of foreign epitope insertion. the foreign epitope inserted was the six-amino-acid sequence eldkwa, a sequence in a neutralizing epitope from human immunodeficiency virus type 1. this sequence was inserted into six sites within the vsv g protein (indiana serotype). four sites were selected based on hydrophilicity and high sequence variabi ... | 2004 | 15113889 |
| vesicular stomatitis virus: re-inventing the bullet. | as our understanding of the molecular aspects of human disease increases, it is becoming possible to create designer therapeutics that are exquisitely targeted and have greater efficacy and fewer side effects. one class of targeted biological agents that has benefited from recent advances in molecular biology is designer viruses. vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is normally relatively innocuous but can be engineered to target cancer cells or to stimulate immunity against diseases such as aids or ... | 2004 | 15121047 |
| monomer and dimer of chandipura virus unphosphorylated p-protein binds leader rna differently: implications for viral rna synthesis. | interaction of the leader rna with the unphosphorylated p-protein has been proposed to play a key role in the transcription-replication transition of chandipura virus, a model rhabdovirus. electrophoretic mobility shift assay with the leader rna and the unphosphorylated p-protein demonstrated existence of two distinct complexes in vitro. measurements of stoichiometry indicate the protein monomer/rna ratio to be 1:1 and 2:1 for faster and slower migrating bands, respectively. we have also observe ... | 2004 | 15178250 |
| survey for vesicular stomatitis virus neutralizing antibodies in serums of white-tailed deer odocoileus virginianus of the southeastern united states. | new jersey type vesicular stomatitis (vs) antibodies were found in 14 of 677 deer serums tested by neutralization tests in embryonated chicken eggs. twelve positive serums were received from louisiana and two from georgia. eight of the positive deer serums from louisiana were collected in the area of the only reported case of vs during 1967. clinical vs has not been diagnosed in the east coast states since 1964. two positive deer serums were collected on ossabaw island, georgia, and three positi ... | 1970 | 16512162 |
| detection and serotype-specific differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus using a multiplex, real-time, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. | a multiplex, real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay was developed that allowed simultaneous detection and rapid differentiation of vesicular stomatitis virus strains--new jersey (vsv-nj) and indiana 1, 2, and 3 (vsv-in1-3). this assay involves use of a set of vsv universal primers located in the l gene that amplify vsv-in1-3 and vsv-nj using probes that allow differentiation of the major serotypes indiana and new jersey. the assay was evaluated using reference v ... | 2006 | 16617693 |
| transmission of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus to cattle by the biting midge culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | laboratory-reared culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones were infected with vesicular stomatitis virus serotype new jersey (family rhabdoviridae, genus vesiculovirus, vsnjv) through intrathoracic inoculation. after 10-d incubation at 25 degrees c, these insects were allowed to blood feed on four steers. two other steers were exposed to vsnjv through intralingual inoculation with 10(8) tissue culture infective dose50 vsnjv. all six steers became seropositive for vsnjv. the results demonstrate the ab ... | 2006 | 16619618 |
| small cationic protein from a marine turtle has beta-defensin-like fold and antibacterial and antiviral activity. | egg white of marine turtle caretta caretta contains a small cationic protein but lacks lysozyme. the protein was sequenced by a combination of sequential edman degradation, carboxypeptidase digestion, nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. the protein contains 36 amino acid residues of which six are half-cysteines. the three-dimensional structure of the protein was deduced from two-dimensional nmr experiments and was observed to be similar to verte ... | 2006 | 16700051 |
| virus induced chromosomal abnormalities in chinese hamster lung cell line and human peripheral blood leukocyte culture. | chinese hamster lung (chl) cells were susceptible to herpes simplex type-1 and chandipura viruses; which induced chromosomal abnormalities in these cells. chromosomal changes induced in these cells were specific. the cells were refractory to measles virus and chromosomal abnormalities were not detected after inoculation of the virus. on the other hand human peripheral blood (hpb) leukocytes were susceptible to all the 3 viruses studied and exhibited chromosomal abnormalities upon infection. the ... | 2003 | 15255601 |
| infection of guinea pigs with vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus transmitted by culicoides sonorensis (diptera: ceratopogonidae). | intrathoracically inoculated culicoides sonorensis wirth & jones were capable of transmitting vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus (family rhabdoviridae, genus vesiculovirus, vsnjv) during blood feeding on the abdomen of six guinea pigs. none of the guinea pigs infected in this manner developed clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis despite seroconversion for vsnjv. guinea pigs infected by intradermal inoculations of vsnjv in the abdomen also failed to develop clinical signs of vesicular stomat ... | 2006 | 16739417 |
| recombinant vesicular stomatitis (indiana) virus expressing new jersey and indiana glycoproteins induces neutralizing antibodies to each serotype in swine, a natural host. | vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) is the most common cause of vesicular disease outbreaks in livestock throughout the western hemisphere. two major serotypes, indiana and new jersey, cause epidemic disease in pigs, cattle, and horses. we generated recombinant viruses derived from the indiana serotype genome that were engineered to contain and express: (1) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the indiana serotype (vsiv-gi); (2) a single copy of the glycoprotein gene from the new jersey sero ... | 2004 | 15364454 |
| the evolving epidemiology of viral encephalitis. | the introduction of west nile virus to north america illustrates the potential emergence of novel encephalitic agents in unexpected settings. there has been continued recognition of emerging neurotropic viruses in both the developed and developing world and novel modes of transmission of these agents. this review describes recent developments in the epidemiology of west nile virus and several other emerging viral encephalitides in the developed and developing world and the emergence of novel mec ... | 2006 | 16914972 |
| conditional expression of type i interferon-induced bovine mx1 gtpase in a stable transgenic vero cell line interferes with replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. | in some vertebrate species, type i interferon(ifn)-induced mx gene expression has been shown to confer resistance to some single-stranded rna (ssrna) viruses in vitro. because the bovine species is subject to an exceptionally wide array of infections caused by such viruses, it is anticipated that an antiviral allele should have been retained by evolution at the bovine mx locus. the identification of such allele may help in evaluating the real significance of the mx genotype for disease resistanc ... | 2004 | 15450127 |
| effect of strain and serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus on viral shedding, vesicular lesion development, and contact transmission in pigs. | to determine whether pigs can be infected with strains of vesicular stomatitis virus new jersey (vsv-nj) and vesicular stomatitis virus indiana (vsv-i) isolated during recent vesicular stomatitis outbreaks that primarily involved horses in the western united states and determine the potential for these viruses to be transmitted by contact. | 2004 | 15478770 |
| experimental vesicular stomatitis virus infection in horses: effect of route of inoculation and virus serotype. | horses were inoculated with vesicular stomatitis new jersey and indiana viruses by routes simulating contact and vector transmission. clinical signs, lesions, antibody development, viral shedding and persistence, and viremia were monitored. horses were infected with both viruses by all routes as confirmed by seroconversion. salivation, primary lesions at inoculation sites, and secondary oral lesions were the most common clinical findings. viral shedding was most often from the oral cavity, follo ... | 2006 | 17099151 |
| chandipura virus, encephalitis, and epidemic brain attack in india. | | 2004 | 15610795 |
| complete genome sequences of chandipura and isfahan vesiculoviruses. | chandipura virus (chpv) and isfahan virus (isfv) are two members of the genus vesiculovirus from asia. both are arthropod-transmitted and are able to infect humans, but neither causes vesicular stomatitis in livestock. the complete genome sequence for each virus has been determined. the negative-sense rna genome comprises 11,119 nt (chpv) or 11,088 nt (isfv). the most variable of the non-transcribed regions is the intergenic spacer at the g-l gene junction (4 bases in isfv, 20 in chpv). phylogen ... | 2004 | 15614433 |
| experimental transmission of chandipura virus by phlebotomus argentipes (diptera: psychodidae). | experiments were carried out to demonstrate the susceptibity and transmission potential of phlebotomus argentipes (annandale & brunetti) for chandipura virus (chpv). in india, p. argentipes is one of the predominant species found in many areas endemic for chpv. although its laboratory colonization is difficult, we have demonstrated that 65% of p. argentipes were susceptible to chpv infection by the oral route. transmission experiments were carried out by intrathoracic inoculation because of re-f ... | 2007 | 17297040 |