| prevalence of antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1, and bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in sheep and goats in quebec. | serum samples were collected from 1,075 clinically normal sheep and goats from 77 flocks in 7 agricultural regions of quebec from june to august 1982. sheep and goats were tested for antibodies to bovine respiratory syncytial virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and bovine herpes-virus-1 by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique and for parainfluenza-3 virus by the hemagglutination inhibition test. the prevalence of antibodies in animals to respiratory syncytial virus was 31%; to bovine vira ... | 1984 | 6089626 |
| effect of maternal antibody upon vaccination with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine virus diarrhea vaccines. | this report presents the normal rate of decay of maternal antibody and the influence of maternal antibody on responses to a single vaccination with modified-live bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccines at 196 days of age and on response to vaccinations with the same vaccines given twice at 84 and 196 days of age. passive immunity decreased to near zero over the first six months of life for both bovine virus diarrhea and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis control ... | 1985 | 2985214 |
| mucosal disease in cattle. | | 1984 | 6093327 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus in bovine sera. | a specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was established for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in bovine sera. polyethylene-glycol concentrated, equilibrium density gradient purified bvdv was used as test antigen at an optimal amount of 1 microgram/well, whereas the optimal concentration of conjugate was at 1/2000 dilution. the standardized test encountered no non-specific reaction with test sera at a starting dilution of 1/10. a total of ... | 1985 | 2994278 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) in cattle sera. | a microtitre elisa has been established for the quantitation of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). single dilutions of sera were assayed and units of antibody were calculated from a standard curve. in order to detect the maximum number of responding animals both igg1 and igg2 antibody should be assayed, although detection of igg1 alone was nearly as effective. the elisa was as sensitive as the virus neutralization test for detection of antibody; comparison of an elisa that detect ... | 1985 | 2994279 |
| disease control strategies for bovine pestivirus. | | 1984 | 6095513 |
| disease control strategies for bovine pestivirus. | | 1984 | 6097018 |
| studies on transplacental transmissibility of a bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) vaccine virus in cattle. ii. inoculation of pregnant cows without detectable neutralizing antibodies to bvd virus 90-229 days before parturition (51st to 190th day of gestation). | | 1984 | 6097070 |
| interference patterns between strains of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) virus. | | 1984 | 6097733 |
| characterization of a non-cytopathogenic agent isolated from cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus stock. | | 1984 | 6097801 |
| reverse plaque formation method for titration of non-cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus. | the reverse plaque formation (rpf) method with a semi-micro plate was applied to the titration of a non-cytopathogenic (non-cp) strain of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) virus. all the five non-cp strains used in this experiment formed reverse plaques (rp) on bovine testicle cell culture under methyl cellulose overlay. the rpf was inhibited by the pretreatment of a non-cp virus strain with immune rabbit serum to a reference strain. the specificity of the rpf method was demonstrate ... | 1983 | 6097820 |
| clinical evaluation of a temperature-sensitive bovine viral diarrhea vaccine strain. | a naturally occurring strain of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus was chemically treated to produce a genetically stable, temperature-sensitive mutant, designated rit 4350. the rit 4350 strain had a restrictive growth temperature of 39.5 c, so that systemic replication or fetal infection was not detected after parenteral administration in cattle. the rit 4350 strain was tested as a cell culture-adapted vaccine in healthy heifers, immunodepressed calves, and pregnant cows. in a pathogenicity test ... | 1984 | 6098205 |
| [immunofluorescent diagnosis of rota-, corona- and pestivirus infections in calves]. | bovine hyperimmune fluorescent sera were obtained for indication of the rota- and corona-virus infections in calves, which were highly specific and of immunofluorescent titers within the 1:32-64 range. their testing was carried out via the direct immunofluorescence method, using histologic cross-sectioned material and impression preparations of the mucous membrane of calves died of enteritis as well as cell cultures of fetal calf kidney and organic cultures of calf trachea all contaminated, resp ... | 1984 | 6098987 |
| use of an immunoperoxidase stain for the demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus by light and electron microscopies. | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus-specific antiserum eluted from an immunoabsorbent column was conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. the immunoperoxidase (ip) conjugate was used to stain bvd virus-inoculated and control tissue cultures processed for light and electron microscopies. infected cells (in the inoculated cultures) viewed by light microscopy had diffuse staining of the cytoplasm of nonvacuolated cells and a more predominant staining associated with vacuoles as vacuolation occurred. t ... | 1984 | 6200012 |
| a study of serologic relationships among non-cytopathogenic strains of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus by reverse plaque technique. | | 1984 | 6210389 |
| [border disease: a persistent virus infection in sheep (author's transl)]. | border disease (bd) is a congenital infection of sheep characterised by still-birth, abortion and the birth of weak lambs with nervous symptoms and sometimes an abnormally hairy birthcoat. the lambs are almost constantly trembling or shaking, they often have an erratic gait and in severe cases are unable to rise. the nervous signs are due to a defective myelinogensis of the central nervous system and tend to disappear at a later age. many affected lambs die shortly after birth and those which su ... | 1980 | 6252652 |
| specific fluorescein-labeled antibodies to bovine viral diarrhea virus prepared from sera of rabbits immunized with purified virus. | specific fluorescein-labeled antibody conjugates to three strains of bovine virus diarrhea virus were prepared from hyperimmune rabbit sera. viruses used to hyperimmunize the rabbits were purified by four different procedures. conjugates were comparable in quality and specificity to conjugates prepared from serum of a calf hyperimmunized to bovine virus diarrhea virus in our laboratory. the latter conjugate was tested by biologics laboratories, national veterinary services, u.s.d.a., ames, iowa. | 1980 | 6253035 |
| growth characteristics of two strains of bovine virus diarrhoea virus. | the replication cycles of a cytopathogenic and a non-cytopathogenic strain of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvdv) were similar in kinetics and the tendency of cell-free infectivity to exceed the titre of cell-associated, but differed in virus yield per cell. actinomycin d enhanced the yield of the non-cytopathogenic strain and depressed that of the cytopathogenic strain. | 1980 | 6255903 |
| survey for antibodies to viruses of bovine virus diarrhea, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in hunter-killed mule deer in new mexico. | sera from male mule deer (odocoileus hemionus) collected in november 1977 in otero county, new mexico were tested fro antibodies to bovine virus diarrhea virus (bvdv), bluetongue virus (btv), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). neutralizing antibodies were detected in 26 of 76 (34%) sera tested for bvdv (titer greater than or equal to 1:16). of 46 sera tested for antibodies to btv and ehdv, 10 (22%) and 3 (7%), respectively, were positive. three (7%) of 46 sera were suspect (titer < ... | 1980 | 6256331 |
| immune responsiveness in cattle fatally affected by bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease. | | 1980 | 6258359 |
| analysis of soluble bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigens and serological relationship to virus structural glycoproteins. | | 1980 | 6261488 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: affinity chromatography on crotalaria juncea lectin. | attempts were made to purify bovine viral diarrhea virus by chromatography on crotalaria juncea lectin coupled to sepharose 2b. a recovery of abut 65% of viral infectivity after desorption was obtained. electron microscopy revealed mostly de-enveloped particles, rather uniform in appearance but differing in size. immunodiffusion tests with immune calf sera showed precipitation lines of identity between the desorbed virus and extracts from infected cell cultures. | 1981 | 6262351 |
| virus-like particles in bovine turbinate cells infected with bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus. | thin sections of bovine turbinate cells grown in culture and infected with the nadl strain of bovine virus diarrhoea/mucosal disease virus have been examined by electron microscopy. infected cells exhibited ultrastructural modification of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and associated with this small numbers of virus-like particles were observed. advanced stages of cytopathic effect were illustrated by cells showing a marked increase in electron-density. these features were not observed in uninf ... | 1981 | 6263227 |
| propagation of the kakegawa strain of bovine coronavirus in suckling mice, rats and hamsters. | the kakegawa strain of bovine coronavirus was easily propagated in suckling mice. infected animals died with nervous symptoms, and serial passage was readily accomplished by intracerebral inoculation with brain emulsions. the 3rd passage viral material from infected mice evoked the same disease in suckling mice, rats and hamsters inoculated by the intracerebral or by the subcutaneous route. viruses recovered from mice, rats and hamsters could be clearly differentiated from mouse hepatitis virus ... | 1981 | 6263232 |
| response of cattle persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus to vaccination for bovine viral diarrhea and to subsequent challenge exposure with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | nine steers persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were allotted into 3 groups (3 cattle/group). cattle in group a were vaccinated with a modified-live bvd virus vaccine of porcine cell origin, cattle in group b with a modified-live bvd virus vaccine of bovine cell origin, and cattle in group c with a killed bvd virus vaccine of bovine cell origin. detrimental effects due to vaccination were not seen. six weeks after vaccination, the steers were challenge expo ... | 1985 | 3002214 |
| border disease: virus persistence, antibody response and transmission studies. | three groups of five and one group of four oestrus-synchronised sheep were inoculated with border disease (bd) virus at 52 +/- 2 days after their first service. transmission of virus to offspring as demonstrated by virus isolation, detection of viral antigen and, or antibody response occurred in 12 of 19 sheep and probably in four others which aborted or produced stillborn lambs. both apparently normal and clinically affected animals excreted virus in saliva, urine and faeces, and excretion and ... | 1981 | 6265995 |
| isolation of bovine virus diarrhoea virus from a scottish red deer. | | 1980 | 6266120 |
| detection of antibodies against hog cholera virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus in porcine serum. a comparative examination using cf, pla and npla assays. | | 1981 | 6266240 |
| [serological studies of the dissemination of neutralizing antibodies against the mucosal disease-viral diarrhea virus in cattle]. | during a serological study of 56 samples from cows, taken from prosperous farms, were proved in 37.5% neutralizing antibodies against the md-vd, whereas the study of 89 samples from cows, taken from failing farms, the neutralizing antibodies against the same virus were 50.3%. out of the 145 serum samples from calves, originating from prosperous farms 30.5% proved positive for neutralizing antibodies against the md virus. out of the 151 samples from calves, originating from failing farms, 65.7% p ... | 1980 | 6267768 |
| the isolation of a probable pestivirus from a goat. | | 1981 | 6268035 |
| differences in reaction behaviour of structural polypeptides of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) with antisera against bvdv and hog cholera virus (hcv). | | 1981 | 6269332 |
| demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus antigen in cryostat- and paraffin-sections of bovine tissues by the immunoperoxidase technique. | an immunoperoxidase technique (ipt) for the demonstration of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) antigen in tissue sections is presented. the method was applied to cryostat sections and to alcohol fixed, paraffin embedded specimens. the specificity as well as the sensitivity of the ipt corresponded to the immunofluorescence technique (ift), and the specimen processing methods used represented an improvement of the histomorphological preservation of tissue structures. | 1981 | 6274148 |
| monospecific fluorescent antiserum for study of bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | | 1981 | 6274290 |
| [concentration of the mucosal disease (md/vd) virus from infected cattle intestines for the agar gel precipitation (agp) test]. | | 1981 | 6274301 |
| vertical transmission of border disease infection. | | 1981 | 6274927 |
| some antigenic and cultural properties of border disease and bovine viral diarrhoea viruses. | in vitro comparison of the replication cycles of three strains of border disease virus and one strain of bovine viral diarrhoea virus showed similar growth curve patterns and a tendency of cell-free virus to exceed cell-associated virus. each virus was antigenically distinguishable from the others in cross-neutralisation tests. | 1986 | 3012858 |
| cellular inflammatory response in the lungs of calves exposed to bovine viral diarrhea virus, mycoplasma bovis, and pasteurella haemolytica. | three, 5, or 7 days after inoculation with bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus (n = 12) or mycoplasma bovis (n = 12), groups of calves were exposed to aerosols of pasteurella haemolytica and were euthanatized 4 hours later. histologic lesions in the lungs and the ratios of neutrophils to alveolar macrophages, collected by bronchoalveolar lavage, were compared with those of clinically healthy calves (n = 8) and calves inoculated with bvd virus only (n = 4), m bovis only (n = 4), or p haemolytica on ... | 1986 | 3014929 |
| effects of incubation temperatures and bovine viral diarrhea virus immune serum on bovine turbinate cells persistently infected with a noncytopathogenic isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) on initial inoculation in receptive cells induced a persistence in vitro at incubation temperatures of 33, 37, and 39 c. the mechanisms of this persistence were not the result of the induction of defective interfering particles or the selection of temperature-sensitive mutants, but were the result of a naturally occurring noncytopathogenic isolate of bvdv. persistently infected cells were not freed of the infection by continuous passage in med ... | 1981 | 6277214 |
| electron microscopic studies of bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of diseased calves and in cell cultures. | pathomorphological studies by electron microscopy (em) were carried out on the intestines and lymphoid tissues, the buffy coat cells and cultured lymphocytes from calves suffering from mucosal disease (md). this led to the detection of particles, 45--55 nm in diameter, within characteristic vesicular structures. as these findings coincided with the isolation of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) from the same tissues and demonstration of bvdv-antigen by immunocytochemical techniques in correspon ... | 1982 | 6279056 |
| [on the occurrence of the viral diarrhea/mucosal disease virus in cervines in rheinland-pfalz (author's transl)]. | | 1982 | 6280950 |
| [abortion, stillbirth, runting, deaths of lambs in two sheep herds--border disease in the federal republic? (author's transl)]. | | 1982 | 6280956 |
| [comparative studies of plaque formation by strains of the mucosal disease-viral diarrhea virus (md-vd)]. | studied was the phenomenon of plaque forming with 2 local and 1 reference cytopathogenic strain of the md-vd virus in cell cultures of calf kidney and testis. studied was also the effect of trypsin in the preliminary treatment of the cell culture as well as the varying composition of the cover medium. the strains were found to form plaques that were varying in type and size. the ratio between the large and small plaques as well as the percent of plaques having unclear edges could serve as tentat ... | 1981 | 6285589 |
| virologic study of the reproductive tract in dairy cows. | from aug 1, 1979 to aug 15, 1980, a total of 624 samples were collected from the vaginas, cervices, and uteri of 208 dairy cows 30 to 37 days after parturition. an additional 90 samples were collected from the reproductive tracts from 30 of the 208 cows. the 30 cows had aborted or were repeat breeders. samples from cows that had aborted were collected within a week after clinical abortion or immediately after rectal palpation revealed subclinical abortion. all samples were tested for the presenc ... | 1982 | 6285771 |
| border disease: tissue culture studies of the virus in sheep. | a california strain of border disease (bd) virus was isolated from the cns and spleen of an infected lamb and was propagated without cytopathic effect on 2 tissue culture systems. viral antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of infected cells by immunofluorescence. the growth curve of this bd virus in primary sheep choroid plexus cells revealed a latent period of 12 hours and peak viral production by 36 hours after inoculation. the growth curve in porcine kidney cells (pk-15) demonstrated a laten ... | 1982 | 6285783 |
| border disease: experimental reproduction in sheep, using a virus replicated in tissue culture. | | 1982 | 6285784 |
| [attempts at isolating a precipitating antigen from a cell culture of bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease virus]. | | 1982 | 6287711 |
| border disease in norway. serological examination of affected sheep flocks. | | 1982 | 6287822 |
| a microtiter test for detecting and titrating noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine cells free of noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (nc-bvdv) treated with polyriboinosinic acid : polyribocytidylic acid (poly i:c) were protected against challenge with vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), whereas nc-bvdv-infected cells treated with poly i:c were not protected against vsv. an assay based on the ability of nc-bvdv to inhibit poly i:c protection of cells against vsv was developed and is herein referred to as pinba (poly i:c for nc-bvdv assay). noncytopathogenic bvdv ... | 1982 | 6287973 |
| experimental fetal infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus. ii. morphological reactions and distribution of viral antigen. | the effect of an infection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on fetal bovine tissues as well as the tissue-localization of viral antigen are described. four bovine fetuses, 120-165 days of gestation, were inoculated in utero with a second passage virus strain. lymphoid tissues were studied by light and electron microscopy. the infection induced precocious development of the secondary lymphoid organs. characteristic changes were seen in postcapillary venules, cells of the mononuclear phagocyte sys ... | 1982 | 6293688 |
| a genetic, pathological and virological study of congenital hypotrichosis and incisor anodontia in cattle. | two friesian cows, half-sibs by a common dam, produced four bull calves with severe congenital hypotrichosis and incisor anodontia and three normal heifers by six unrelated holstein, friesian, devon and hereford bulls. the two dams, and their dam, had coats of a short, stubbly nature and the pigmented areas appeared rusty grey rather than black. pathological examination of skin samples taken from multiple standardised sites from two of the affected calves showed a reduction in the number of larg ... | 1988 | 2836985 |
| detection of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and bovine viral diarrhea viruses in the nasal epithelial cells by the direct immunofluorescence technique. | nasal epithelial cells were collected by cotton swabs for the diagnosis in experimental and field cases of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and field cases of bovine viral diarrhea in calves. a portion of the cells was washed twice in phosphate buffered saline and a 25 microl drop was placed on microscope slides. the cells were dried, fixed and stained according to the direct fluorescent antibody technique. another portion of the same specimen was inoculated onto primary bovine skin cell cultur ... | 1983 | 6299484 |
| pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease: distribution and significance of bvdv antigen in diseased calves. | the distribution of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antigen in tissues of animals with acute and chronic bovine viral diarrhoea-mucosal disease (bvd-md) was examined using improved indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase staining methods on cryostat and paraffin wax tissue sections. in lymphoid tissues the antigen was principally located in cells belonging to the mononuclear located in cells belonging to the mononuclear phagocyte system and in other cells with antigen-retai ... | 1983 | 6300980 |
| [kinetic study of the multiplication of the mucosal disease--viral diarrhea virus in homologous cell cultures]. | comparative studies were carried out on two local cytopathic strains of the virus of mucous disease-viral diarrhoea in primary cell cultures of fetal calf kidney and cell cultures of normal calf kidney in order to ascertain the yield of the virus and the development of a cytopathic effect. it was found that the amount of virus of the strain with strongly manifested cytopathic effect was directly proportional to its activity in the cell cultures of fetal calf kidney. highest titers of the virus w ... | 1982 | 6301142 |
| border disease virus infection of the newborn lamb. | | 1983 | 6301617 |
| elimination of contaminating bovine viral diarrhea virus from bovine respiratory syncytial virus stock. | | 1983 | 6306037 |
| identification of hog cholera viral isolates by use of monoclonal antibodies to pestiviruses. | a collection of 90 field isolates of hog cholera virus (hcv) was used to test the specificity of four hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies against pestiviruses. reaction of virus isolates and monoclonal antibodies was controlled by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). two monoclonal antibodies which had been generated against hc virus strain "alfort 187" were reactive only with hcv field isolates and an hcv reference strain but not with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) ... | 1988 | 2837867 |
| the pathology of a spontaneous and experimental mucosal disease-like syndrome in sheep recovered from clinical border disease. | the pathological changes which accompanied a severe clinical syndrome characterized by intractable diarrhoea and/or respiratory distress in sheep recovered from clinical border disease consisted of inflammatory lymphoproliferative lesions in several organs, notably the cns and intestinal tract. the syndrome has been reproduced experimentally by "super-infection" with homologous border disease virus. the differential diagnosis is discussed and attention drawn to the similarity between the enteric ... | 1983 | 6309922 |
| virology and immunology of a spontaneous and experimental mucosal disease-like syndrome in sheep recovered from clinical border disease. | a disease similar to mucosal disease (md) of cattle has occurred spontaneously in sheep clinically recovered from border disease (bd). evidence is presented to suggest that, in such animals, a specific and dynamic equilibrium exists between an attenuated form of the virus and the immunotolerant host. upset of this equilibrium either by injection of bd virus of the same strain or by some unknown spontaneous event appears to lead to the reassertion of viral pathogenicity with fatal consequences. | 1983 | 6309923 |
| characterization of virus-specific rna synthesized in bovine cells infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | infection of bovine kidney cells with bovine viral diarrhea virus resulted in the synthesis of a single species of virus-specific rna. electrophoresis of this rna on agarose-urea and agarose-formaldehyde gels indicated that it had a molecular weight of 2.9 x 10(6), corresponding to 8,200 bases (8.2 kilobases). this 8.2-kilobase rna was resistant to rnase a treatment at 1 microgram/ml but was digested at higher concentrations of rnase (10 micrograms/ml). sedimentation on neutral sucrose gradients ... | 1983 | 6310155 |
| clinical variations of border disease in sheep according to the source of the inoculum. | non-cytopathogenic pestivirus obtained from lambs with border disease, with or without nervous signs, was inoculated into pregnant ewes at 57 to 65 days of gestation. live lambs born to inoculated ewes were clinically identical to the lambs from which virus was obtained, ie, either a hairy birth coat with central nervous system disturbance or a hairy birth coat without central nervous system disturbance. | 1983 | 6310846 |
| pathology in the ovine foetus caused by an ovine pestivirus. | homogenised tissues or tissue culture supernatant fluid containing a noncytopathic pestivirus obtained from a lamb with a neurologic form of border disease, were inoculated into ewes at different stages of pregnancy. foetal death occurred in 9 ewes of those inoculated between 19 and 47 days of pregnancy while 3 ewes did not lamb. eight of the foetuses were aborted between 77 and 132 days of pregnancy; of these 6 were autolysed or mummified and one had arthrogryposis. the one full-term dead lamb ... | 1983 | 6311154 |
| characterization of the major structural proteins of purified bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was concentrated and purified by a combination of ultrafiltration, hydroextraction using polyethylene glycol and affinity chromatography. a lectin from crotalaria juncea that has an affinity for galactose was used in the affinity chromatography. virions of bvdv with classic envelopes were observed by electron microscopy. four major proteins with estimated molecular weights of 75,000, 66,000, 54,000, and 26,000 were identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacry ... | 1983 | 6312929 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: purification of surface proteins in detergent-containing buffers by fast protein liquid chromatography. | bovine viral diarrhea virus was purified by lectin chromatography. the glycoprotein peplomers were dissociated from the virion by treatment with detergent. by a second lectin gel chromatography the glycoconjugates containing terminal galactose were prepared. in combination with lectin affinity chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography on mono-q in the presence of the low-uv-absorbing detergent berol 172 proved to be a powerful technique both for analytical and preparative applications. | 1983 | 6313724 |
| congenital infections with nonarbo togaviruses. | the present review deals with the similarities and differences of selected aspects of prenatal pestivirus infections of domestic animals and congenital rubella of man. hog cholera virus, bovine virus diarrhoea virus and border disease virus are antigenically closely related, but unrelated to rubella virus. the nonarbo togaviruses are capable of producing congenital infections resulting in a wide spectrum of abnormalities. the infected foetus can die in utero, in the neonatal period, or it may be ... | 1983 | 6314636 |
| characteristics of the polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid assay for noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the use of polyriboinosinic acid:polyribocytidylic acid (poly i:c) for noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (nc-bvdv) assay (pinba) was studied. several viruses were tested for their suitability as test challenge viruses. in addition to vesicular stomatitis virus, which previously was shown to be a suitable challenge virus, bovine enteroviruses also were found to be suitable, whereas infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza type 3 virus were only marginally suitable. bo ... | 1983 | 6314854 |
| antibodies against viral pathogens in dairy cattle in colombia. | | 1983 | 6316593 |
| studies on transplacental transmissibility of a bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) vaccine virus. i. inoculation of pregnant cows 15 to 90 days before parturition (190th to 265th day of gestation). | | 1983 | 6316696 |
| attempted reactivation of latent bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in calves by infection with ruminant pestiviruses. | three calves, latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv 1), were each inoculated intranasally with 9 strains of ruminant pestivirus (bvdv). all three calves developed a biphasic pyrexia and a lymphopenia followed by a neutrophilia. they did not shed bhv 1 in their nasal secretions in the 14 days following bvdv inoculation, and their bhv 1 antibody levels remained static, as did those of 2 control calves not given bvdv. all five calves were subsequently shown to be latently infected with b ... | 1983 | 6318422 |
| suppression of neutrophil and lymphocyte function induced by a vaccinal strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus with and without the administration of acth. | effects of a modified live vaccine (mlv) strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvd) on lymphocyte and neutrophil function were determined in cattle with and without increased plasma cortisol (hydrocortisone) concentrations. cattle were given mlv-bvd vaccine im and intranasally. cattle given acth received 200 iu every 12 hours for 10 doses. the mlv-bvd virus when administered alone caused no apparent clinical signs or body temperature response. of 4 mlv-bvd-treated calves that were also given ac ... | 1983 | 6318614 |
| variation of virus replication in primary bovine kidney cell cultures derived from 68 three-day-old calves. | primary kidney cell cultures were prepared from 68 three-day-old calves. complete monolayers of these cultures were infected separately with viral diarrhea, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza, and adenovirus 7 viruses. the yield of virus from all infected cultures was calculated by plaque titer assay after 2 to 4 days' incubation. the variation of virus yield was substantial between individual cultures. | 1983 | 6318615 |
| [replication of the cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic bvd virus in culture. i. quantitative and fluorescence serological comparison]. | | 1984 | 6326434 |
| pestivirus fetopathogenicity in cattle: changing sequelae with fetal maturation. | the events which followed the introduction of a heifer into a dairy herd were consistent with the animal being persistently infected with bovine diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus. obvious damage was limited to the progeny of cows which were in the first 168 days of gestation at that time. only fetuses up to 81 days of gestation at the putative time of introduction of infection became persistently infected in calfhood and, although they exhibited body tremor, two such calves necropsied at three mon ... | 1986 | 3753809 |
| [acetone-celloidin method for the cytological and immunofluorescent study of cell cultures infected with various viruses]. | a method was worked out for the extraction of a cell monolayer from test tubes with the use of 10 per cent acetone solution of celloidin. this made it possible to carry out parallel cytologic and immunofluorescent studies of cultures infected with various viruses. in contrast to the alcohol-ether celloidin used in histology the use of the acetone solution of celloidin, suggested by us, preserved to a larger extent the viruses of different structure and composition, and, therefore, was shown to b ... | 1985 | 3909629 |
| [replication of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic cultured bvd virus. ii. ultrahistological findings]. | | 1984 | 6328800 |
| morphology of bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the morphology of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) was studied by electron microscopy. the nadl strain of bvdv was plaque purified 3 times, concentrated by polyethylene glycol precipitation, and purified by centrifugation to equilibrium in continuous potassium tartrate density-gradients. the virus was examined by negative-stain electron microscopy in the presence or absence of specific antiserum. the density of bvdv was between 1.101 g/cm3 and 1.174 g/cm3, with the peak at maximum infectivity ... | 1984 | 6329046 |
| studies with an unclassified virus isolated from diarrheic calves. | a transmissible agent (breda agent) was isolated from a calf with diarrhea and shown to be infectious by inoculation orally into gnotobiotic and conventionally reared calves. the "breda" agent had the morphology of a virus and possessed a hemagglutinin. antigenic studies showed the virus to be antigenically different from bovine coronavirus, parainfluenza 3 virus, bovine rotavirus, bovine parvovirus and bovine pestivirus (bvd). attempts to culture the virus in cell or organ cultures or in embryo ... | 1982 | 7051518 |
| an rna pseudoknot is an essential structural element of the internal ribosome entry site located within the hepatitis c virus 5' noncoding region. | translation of the human hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna genome occurs by a mechanism known as "internal ribosome entry." this unusual strategy of translation is employed by naturally uncapped picornaviral genomic rnas and several cellular mrnas. a common feature of these rnas is a relatively long 5' noncoding region (ncr) that folds into a complex secondary structure harboring an internal ribosome entry site (ires). evidence derived from the use of dicistronic expression systems, combined with an e ... | 1995 | 7489514 |
| bvd virus infection: prospects for control. | losses resulting from pestivirus infections in cattle are of considerable importance to the livestock industry yet, until relatively recently, they have been poorly understood. the escalation of research effort in this field has started to clarify the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the associated diseases but the evolution of understanding is far from complete. sufficient information exists to indicate the means by which pestivirus infection is introduced to and maintained in populations of ca ... | 1986 | 3952969 |
| nature of early reproductive failure caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus. | a 2-part study was undertaken to determine the effect of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus on fertilization and early development of embryos. in experiment 1, 10 seronegative cows were superovulated and artificially inseminated twice during estrus. after the second insemination, 5 of the cows received intrauterine infusion of bvd virus suspension. the other 5 cows received suspending medium only and served as controls. all 10 cows were slaughtered on day 3, and ova and embryos were collected for ... | 1984 | 6088456 |
| bvd virus antigens in tissues of persistently viraemic, clinically normal cattle: implications for the pathogenesis of clinically fatal disease. | | 1988 | 2849295 |
| cell-free translation of bovine viral diarrhea virus rna. | bovine viral diarrhea virus rna was translated in a reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesizing system. the purified, 8.2-kilobase, virus-specific rna species was unable to serve an an efficient message unless it was denatured immediately before translation. in this case, several polypeptides, ranging in molecular weight from 50,000 to 150,000 and most of which were immunoprecipitated by bovine viral diarrhea virus-specific antiserum, were synthesized in vitro. when polyribosomes were used to pr ... | 1984 | 6092725 |
| differentiation of cytopathic and noncytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus by virus neutralization. | soluble antigens of cytopathic and noncytopathic isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus were resolved by high-performance liquid gel-permeation chromatography into 4 major and 3 minor peaks. the 2 peaks with the larger molecular weights (240,000 and 140,000 daltons) were immunogenic when inoculated into rabbits. virus neutralizing antibodies were specific for the homologous virus. the soluble antigens were determined to be greater than 100,000 daltons by filtration. | 1984 | 6093646 |
| evaluation of bovine viral diarrhea virus uptake by preimplantation embryos. | bovine embryos were exposed to bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus in vitro. an uptake of bvd virus by the embryos could not be detected by several assay systems. a significant decrease in the titer of bvd virus was found to occur when the virus was incubated in saline solution + 5% goat serum or minimal essential medium + 5% goat serum for 24 hours at 37 c. since there was significant inactivation of the bvd virus during the incubation period, lack of viral infectivity of the embryos may have bee ... | 1984 | 6093648 |
| pathogenicity for the sheep foetus of bovine virus diarrhoea-mucosal disease virus of bovine origin. | | 1980 | 6263404 |
| failure to consider the antigenic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus isolates may lead to misdiagnosis. | | 1995 | 7578456 |
| effect of cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) superinfection on viral antigen association with platelets, viremia, and specific antibody levels in two heifers persistently infected with noncytopathic bvdv. | | 1995 | 7578459 |
| early reproductive loss due to bovine pestivirus infection. | bovine pestivirus infection has been mainly recognized as the cause of mucosal disease, a syndrome which occurs sporadically in weaned and adult cattle as a late sequel to foetal infection during the first 3-4 months of gestation. infection has also been associated with the occurrence of congenital malformations, especially of the central nervous system. following the development of improved diagnostic and research techniques, pestivirus has now been shown to be associated with significant early ... | 1995 | 7640955 |
| [detection of pi-3 viruses, bvd-md viruses and parvoviruses in bovine fetuses after experimental intrauterine infections]. | growing organ cultures prepared from foetuses experimentally infected in utero by the viruses pi-3 and bvd-md or bovine parvovirus proved to be suitable in tests with the re-isolation of these viruses 7, 14, 21, 35, 42 and 70 days after infection. the attempts at demonstrating them by the traditional method of the inoculation of the primary cell culture of foetal kidneys were successful only at the re-isolation of the pi-3 virus seven days after infection. the pi-3 virus without cytopathic effec ... | 1981 | 6277080 |
| [multiplication of the ibr, pi-3 and bvd-md viruses in cell and organ cultures of bovine fetuses after experimental intrauterine infections]. | the intrauterine infection of four- to nine-month-old bovine foetuses with the pi-3, bvd-md viruses, performed 7 to 72 days prior to their delivery, did not exert any significant influence upon the susceptibility of primary cell cultures from foetal organs and tissues to further viral infection in vitro. the bvd-md and ibr viruses multiplied in the primary cell cultures from the organs of a foetus infected with the pi-3 virus seven days before delivery even in the presence of endogenous pi-3 vir ... | 1981 | 6277081 |
| evaluation of a 'one tube' reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for the detection of ruminant pestiviruses. | a 'one tube' reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ('one tube' rt-pcr) using rtth dna polymerase was compared with an existing rt-pcr using taq dna polymerase (taq rt-pcr) to detect ruminant pestiviruses in infected cell cultures. the technically simpler and more convenient 'one tube' method was relatively insensitive detecting only 11 of the 34 samples tested, all of which were positive by taq rt-pcr. | 1994 | 7714056 |
| [pestivirus-induced changes in the central nervous system of ruminants]. | this review article presents the pathomorphological and pathogenetic aspects of pestivirus-induced alterations of the central nervous system of ruminants following transplacental infections. | 1994 | 7716747 |
| a technique to obviate the risk of inadvertent infection of cell cultures with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | when bovine embryonic kidneys collected at the gorgie abattoir, edinburgh were examined for evidence of infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), 11 out of 26 kidneys were found to be positive. a technique that detected the presence of inadvertent bvdv in cell cultures consisted of processing and digesting the kidneys to produce cell suspensions, adding dimethyl sulphoxide and dispersing the suspensions in small aliquots that were stored frozen at - 114 degrees c. one aliquot was cultu ... | 1986 | 3013952 |
| [serological study of the bovine virus diarrhea-mucosal disease]. | employed were the virus-neutralization test (vnt), the complement-fixation tests (cft), and the immunodiffusion test (it) in the study of serum samples of calves on a total of 25 farms that had records of virus diarrhea-mucosal disease (vd-md) in the course of two years. samples were also taken from calves in the initial phase of the same disease in the course of four months. the blood of experimentally infected calves waw likewise sampled for three months. it was found that the stage of infecti ... | 1982 | 6294968 |
| evidence for an immunocompromising effect of bovine pestivirus on bovid herpesvirus 1 vaccination. | five calves were given live intranasal vaccine against bovid herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) two days after intranasal inoculation of bovine pestivirus (bvdv). another 5 were vaccinated in the absence of bvdv. control unvaccinated groups were also maintained. all calves were challenged with virulent bhv1. the unvaccinated calves developed signs of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) and both vaccinated groups showed a similar degree of clinical protection from ibr. those given bvdv before vaccination s ... | 1986 | 3016976 |
| adventitious pestivirus rna in live virus vaccines against bovine and swine diseases. | live virus vaccines against bovine and porcine diseases were examined for the presence of adventitious pestivirus rna or pestiviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pestivirus rna was detected in the live virus vaccines against akabane disease, ibaraki disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, porcine parvovirus infection, transmissible gastroenteritis and japanese encephalitis. pestivirus rna or pestivirus in the fetal bovine serum used to grow the host cells used t ... | 1995 | 7762264 |
| bovine viral diarrhea serologic diagnostic reagents prepared from bacterially expressed recombinant proteins. | | 1995 | 7779949 |
| neutralization kinetics of bovine viral diarrhea virus by hyperimmune serum: one or multi-hit mechanism. | the kinetics of bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus neutralization (vn) by hyperimmune serum followed first order kinetics at low dilutions (1:8 and 1:16) of hyperimmune bovine serum. a lag phase in the vn curve occurred when the serum was further diluted. addition of rabbit anti-bovine igg, but not anti-igm, significantly increased the degree of vn after bvd virus was reacted with further diluted (1:256 dilution) anti-bvd bovine hyperimmune serum. incubation of virus-hyperimmune serum (1:64 dilut ... | 1986 | 3021386 |
| [the hemorrhagic form of acute bovine virus diarrhea: literature review and case report]. | infection of cattle with certain strains of bvd-virus causes a severe thrombocytopenia. the most obvious clinical and pathological lesions are multiple hemorrhages. until now, problems with the hemorrhagic syndrome have been reported predominantly from veal calf operations in the u.s.a. this publication presents first a literature review about the hemorrhagic syndrome. the current data are based upon retrospective studies of field cases and experimental infections. afterwards clinical, pathologi ... | 1995 | 7792770 |
| preliminary serological characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea virus strains using monoclonal antibodies. | five monoclonal antibodies against the bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) viral strain nadl were isolated and characterized by an indirect immunofluorescence assay. extensive cross-reactions were detected when the antibodies were tested with 12 heterologous bvd and four hog cholera (hc) viral strains. one antibody reacted with all strains tested. two antibodies were specific for cytopathogenic bvd viruses, but failed to react with hc virus. the other antibodies reacted to varying degrees with bvd and ... | 1986 | 3022462 |
| [bvd (bovine virus diarrhea) and ibr (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis): serologic studies on 35 farms]. | 1099 female cattle from 35 farms in the provinces of north brabant, gelderland and overijssel were examined for the presence of antibodies against bovine virus diarrhoea (bvd) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) by serum neutralisation tests. one of the farms examined was seronegative for bvd and 11 farms were seronegative for ibr. on the seropositive farms about 50% of cattle carrying their first calf had not experienced infection i.e. were seronegative (bvd 51.2%, ibr 48.3%). after cal ... | 1986 | 3027917 |