| studies on arbovirus haemagglutinin: differential inhibition of haemagglutinin formation by 6-azauridine and uridine kinase-containing cell-free extract. | | 1972 | 4402254 |
| the use of an animal-baited net trap for collecting mosquitoes during western equine encephalitis investigations in argentina. | a large net trap was used to sample mosquito populations attracted to horses at three sites each in santa fe and rio negro provinces, argentina, during the austral summer of 1984. these provinces, as well as others in argentina, were affected by a severe epizootic of western equine encephalitis (wee) during 1982-83. totals of 2,752 and 6,929 mosquitoes were collected in santa fe and rio negro provinces during five and three trap nights, respectively. culex mosquitoes of the subgenus culex were p ... | 1985 | 2906656 |
| specificity of immunoglobulin m and g antibody responses in humans infected with eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses: application to rapid serodiagnosis. | paired sera from 20 humans with eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus infections and from 17 humans with western equine encephalitis (wee) virus infections, all with previously demonstrated fourfold or greater rises or falls in hemagglutination-inhibiting, complement-fixing, or neutralizing antibody titers, were tested for immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies by an enzyme immunoassay. all individuals with eee and 14 of 17 individuals with wee had igm antibody, some as early as 1 day after ... | 1986 | 3009535 |
| [detection of hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies to arboviruses in sera of young individuals in the federal republic of germany and in the republic of togo (west africa)]. | | 1971 | 4403535 |
| relevance of detection of immunoglobulin m antibody response in birds used for arbovirus surveillance. | young chickens were inoculated with 5,000 pfu of eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus and bled at intervals thereafter for determinations of hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi), neutralizing (n), immunoglobulin m (igm), and igg antibodies. hi, n, and igm antibodies were first detected 4 days after infection, and igg was detected 7 days after infection. all four antibodies persisted through day 90 after infection. hi, n, and igm antibody titers remained elevated and were not cross-reactive with t ... | 1986 | 3021813 |
| immune response of horses after simultaneous or sequential vaccination against eastern, western, and venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis. | | 1974 | 4422323 |
| western equine encephalitis virus is a recombinant virus. | the alphaviruses are a group of 26 mosquito-borne viruses that cause a variety of human diseases. many of the new world alphaviruses cause encephalitis, whereas the old world viruses more typically cause fever, rash, and arthralgia. the genome is a single-stranded nonsegmented rna molecule of + polarity; it is about 11,700 nucleotides in length. several alphavirus genomes have been sequenced in whole or in part, and these sequences demonstrate that alpha-viruses have descended from a common ance ... | 1988 | 3413072 |
| neutralizing antibody against akabane virus in precolostral sera from calves with congenital arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome. | | 1974 | 4451432 |
| a comparison of clinical manifestations and pathology of the equine encephalidites: vee, wee, eee. | | 1973 | 4534742 |
| japanese quail embryo cells as a host of group a arboviruses. | | 1973 | 4541936 |
| susceptibility of the mongolian gerbil (meriones unguiculatus) to western equine encephalitis. | | 1972 | 4556102 |
| elimination of repeated clot formation in mouse ascitic fluid containing arbovirus antibodies. | repeated clot formation in mouse ascitic fluids containing antiviral antibody was eliminated by acid precipitation of the fibrinogen. | 1972 | 4672320 |
| characterization of the mesenteronal infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus in an incompetent strain of culex tarsalis. | interactions of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus are compared with mesenterons of 2 genetically selected susceptible (ws) and refractory (wr) lines of culex tarsalis. both ws and wr females had similar susceptibility when parenterally inoculated with virus, thus it was initially thought that resistance in wr cx. tarsalis was associated with a mesenteronal infection barrier. present data on viral growth in mesenterons dissected from females fed on virus-soaked pledgets suggest that vi ... | 1989 | 2774065 |
| [low temperature thresholds of reproduction of group a arboviruses in tissue culture]. | | 1972 | 4672889 |
| considerations on the ecology of several arboviruses in eastern long island. | | 1973 | 4684881 |
| house sparrows, passer domesticus (l.), as hosts of arboviruses in hale county, texas. i. field studies, 1965-1969. | | 1973 | 4688420 |
| house sparrows, passer domesticus (l.), as hosts of arboviruses in hale county, texas. ii. laboratory studies with western equine encephalitis virus. | | 1973 | 4688421 |
| ecology of western encephalitis virus. | | 1973 | 4692002 |
| surveillance of arboviral encephalitis in the united states, 1955-1971. | | 1973 | 4692993 |
| host defenses during primary venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection in mice. ii. in vitro methods for the measurement and qualitation of the immune response. | | 1973 | 4697832 |
| "zaliv terpeniya" virus, a new uukuniemi group arbovirus isolated from ixodes (ceratixodes) putus pick.-camb. 1878 on tyuleniy island (sakhalin region) and commodore islands (kamchatsk region). | | 1973 | 4727778 |
| california encephalitis studies in iowa during 1969, 1970 and 1971. | | 1973 | 4735659 |
| possible evidence for interference with venezuelan equine encephalitis virus vaccination of equines by pre-existing antibody to eastern or western equine encephalitis virus, or both. | during 1971, an epizootic of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) reached the united states. laboratory tests were performed on a large number of sick, healthy, unvaccinated, and vaccinated horses. neutralization (n) tests in cell cultures revealed that 153 of 193 (79.3%) equines outside the state of texas and 175 of 204 (85.8%) within texas (82.6% overall) had detectable n antibody to vee virus a week or more after vaccination. twenty-six of 40 (65%) non-texas equines and 18 of 29 (62%) texas e ... | 1973 | 4751797 |
| western equine encephalitis in avian populations in north dakota, 1975. | the involvement of wild birds in western equine encephalitis (wee) and st. louis encephalitis (sle) virus activity in the red river valley area of north dakota (usa) during a wee epidemic was investigated in august 1975. free-ranging birds were captured with mist nets and nestlings by hand. virologic and serologic results indicated that a similar rate of wee virus activity occurred throughout richland county and between permanent and summer resident birds. the rate of sle virus activity in the b ... | 1989 | 2810548 |
| [a cryomethod of concentrating antibodies]. | | 1973 | 4789252 |
| [study of the multiplication of tiuleniĭ, sakhalin and baku arboviruses in cell cultures]. | | 1973 | 4789979 |
| [nonspecific resistance of tissue cultures, grown in a medium with serum lipid inhibitors, to arboviruses]. | | 1973 | 4797701 |
| clinical studies of an attenuated virus cell culture venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine. | | 1973 | 4803525 |
| proceedings: mathematical modeling of a virus vector: culex tarsalis. | | 1974 | 4824238 |
| comparative electrophoretic studies on the structural proteins of selected group a arboviruses. | | 1974 | 4841596 |
| rapid identification of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1974 | 4856671 |
| enhanced detection of western equine encephalitis virus plaque variants in crowded cultures and plaque progeny--potential use in genetic studies. | enhanced detection of large-plaque variants of western equine encephalitis virus in the presence of large numbers of small-plaque western encephalitis virus was achieved by using higher bicarbonate concentrations in the agar-overlay medium and increasing concentrations of co(2) in an enclosed environment during the time plaques were developed with neutral red. by this technique we were able to detect large-plaque mutants in cloned small-plaque suspensions for the first time and to show an increa ... | 1974 | 4858504 |
| virus inhibitory activity of some pyrimidine derivatives and trimethinium salts in tissue culture. | | 1974 | 4859585 |
| survival of western equine encephalitis virus in triatominae. | | 1968 | 4880889 |
| an attenuated strain of western equine encephalitis virus as a possible live immunizing agent. | | 1964 | 4955698 |
| cytoplasmic localization of ribonucleic acid synthesis induced in the cells infected with some group a arboviruses. | | 1971 | 4997624 |
| mechanism of enhancement of newcastle disease virus growth in cultured cells by co-infecting hog cholera virus. | | 1971 | 5000803 |
| immunosuppression: a means to assess the role of the immune response in acute virus infections. | | 1971 | 5001450 |
| experimental infection of bobwhite quail (colinus virginianus) with western equine encephalitis (wee) virus. | | 1972 | 5007901 |
| the pathogenesis of western equine encephalitis virus (w.e.e.) in adult hamsters with special reference to the long and short term effects on the c.n.s. of the attenuated clone 15 variant. | | 1972 | 5014245 |
| arboviruses west and north. | | 1972 | 5034693 |
| arbovirus infections in man in british columbia. | during the summer of 1971, the first laboratory-proved cases of acute encephalitis in man due to any of the known arboviruses occurred in the south-central region of british columbia. five human cases of encephalitis with two deaths were diagnosed; three of these patients, including one of the fatalities, were proven in the laboratory to have contracted western equine encephalitis.during 1968 and 1969, a human serum survey undertaken in approximately 2000 life-long residents of the province disc ... | 1972 | 5034698 |
| recurrent st. louis encephalitis infection in residents of a flood plain of the trinity river, roosevelt heights (dallas, texas). | | 1972 | 5048980 |
| mouse potency assay for western equine encephalomyelitis vaccines. | a potency assay for western equine encephalomyelitis vaccine was developed which utilized mice as the test animal instead of guinea pigs or hamsters. by immunizing several groups of mice with dilutions of the vaccine and challenging them intracerebrally with virulent virus, it was possible to determine mathematically a dose of vaccine capable of protecting 50% of the animals (ed(50)). when log dilutions of virulent virus were used to challenge mice which were immunized with dilutions of the vacc ... | 1972 | 5059614 |
| inhibitors of western and venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses in cattle sera from hawaii. | | 1972 | 5061277 |
| radioimmune precipitation of group a arboviruses. | | 1972 | 5066343 |
| virulence of a temperature-sensitive mutant of western equine encephalitis virus. | | 1972 | 5083407 |
| [combined use of interferon and various styrylquinolines in cell cultures and experimental arbovirus infections]. | | 1972 | 5086860 |
| early protection in hamsters immunized with attenuated venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis vaccine. | the rapid onset and persistence of homologous and heterologous protection induced by attenuated venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (vee) vaccine (tc-83) were studied in the hamster, by using challenge response as the index of protection. at 8 hr postvaccination with 10(3) median immunizing doses of tc-83 vaccine, 15 to 20% of animals were protected against challenge with vee virus as well as eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses. the percentage of protection increased with time p ... | 1972 | 5086903 |
| interferon assays and quantitative virus determinations in a fatal infection in man with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1971 | 5093674 |
| inactivated western equine encephalomyelitis vaccine propagated in chick embryo cell culture. clinical and serological evaluation in man. | | 1971 | 5105896 |
| neurologic, intellectual, and psychologic sequelae following western encephalitis. a follow-up study of 35 cases. | | 1971 | 5106260 |
| trinity river serologic survey. a survey of residents of communities along the course of the trinity river between houston and dallas, texas, for antibodies to the viruses of st. louis encephalitis, western equine encephalitis and california encephalitis. | | 1971 | 5120543 |
| reevaluation of the western equine encephalitis antigenic complex of alphaviruses (family togaviridae) as determined by neutralization tests. | fourteen viruses closely related to the fleming strain of western equine encephalitis (wee) virus were cross-tested by serum dilution-plaque reduction neutralization. the results demonstrate that strains mcmillan, r-43738, ag80-646, bear 102091, and y62-33 are subtypes or varieties of western equine encephalitis virus strain fleming. ockelbo, kyzylagach, and babanki are subtypes of the prototype strain (egar 339) of sindbis virus. fort morgan and buggy creek viruses are closely related to each o ... | 1988 | 2833129 |
| cross-protection in hamsters immunized with group a arbovirus vaccines. | cross-protection between venezuelan, eastern, and western equine encephalomyelitis (vee, eee, wee) viruses was studied in the hamster by using challenge responses and neutralizing antibody titers as indexes of protection. formalin-inactivated vaccines induced only homologous protection regardless of the sequence of vaccination or the combination of vaccines employed. use of attenuated vee vaccine, singly, produced absolute homologous protection as well as 37 and 59% protection against wee and ee ... | 1971 | 5154876 |
| wild birds as eastern (eee) and western (wee) equine encephalitis sentinels. | | 1971 | 5156487 |
| [cultivation of various arboviruses in new transplantable lines of mouse fibroblasts]. | | 1971 | 5168877 |
| absence of an all-or-none type of complement requirement in early neutralizing antibody against western equine encephalitis virus. | | 1971 | 5313614 |
| amplified elisa for the detection of western equine encephalitis virus from mosquitoes in manitoba, canada. | current monitoring systems to detect western equine encephalitis (wee) virus in mosquitoes involve isolation in suckling mice or cell culture followed by serological identification of the isolates obtained. studies were undertaken to develop an amplified elisa for the rapid detection of wee virus from mosquitoes. virus was inoculated onto primary chick embryo cells in 96 well plates, incubated at 37 degrees c for various time periods, monolayers were fixed, and an elisa performed. by this proced ... | 1987 | 3443681 |
| air conditioning and television as protective factors in arboviral encephalitis risk. | in california, the advent of television and air conditioned housing has coincided with a general decrease in mosquito-borne viral encephalitis cases in humans in the past 25 years. during this same period, levels of vector populations, virus activity in vectors, birds, and horses has been high at times. air conditioning and television encourage persons to remain indoors during summer evenings, the primary time when infected culex tarsalis transmit western equine encephalomyelitis and st. louis e ... | 1986 | 3486605 |
| interfering factor in chicken tissues infected with infectious bursal agent against western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1970 | 5453402 |
| nonspecific arbovirus hemogglutinin inhibitors in turtle sera. | | 1971 | 5574411 |
| leads from the mmwr. western equine encephalitis--united states and canada, 1987. | | 1987 | 3669204 |
| preparation of a stable non-infective western equine encephalomyelitis virus antigen from allantoic fluid. | | 1968 | 5693066 |
| attempts to induce immunological tolerance to western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1966 | 4380775 |
| experimental cyclic transmission of western equine encephalitis virus in chickens and culex tarsalis through a year. | | 1967 | 4381367 |
| isolation of western equine encephalitis virus from an opossum. | the first isolation of an arbovirus (western equine encephalo-myelitis virus) from an opossum in the united states is reported. | 1969 | 5763879 |
| attempts to induce recomibinants somatic cells in chicken erythrocyte chimaeras by repeated injection of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1969 | 5815870 |
| [variability of the western equine encephalomyelitis virus during the process of passage through several organisms]. | | 1965 | 5894662 |
| influence of heavy water (deuterium oxide) on plaque size of western equine encephalitis virus. | | 1965 | 5895039 |
| serologic evidence of california encephalitis virus and western equine encephalitis virus in snowshoe hares. | | 1964 | 5895901 |
| ecology of arboviruses in a maryland freshwater swamp. i. population dynamics and habitat distribution of potential mosquito vectors. | | 1972 | 4403121 |
| culex tarsalis coquillett as a vector of an attenuated strain of western equine encephalomyelitis virus. | | 1966 | 5933958 |
| ecology of arboviruses in a maryland freshwater swamp. 3. vertebrate hosts. | | 1972 | 4403123 |
| nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase produced in bhk cells infected with western equine encephalitis virus is probably associated with the 82k dalton nonstructural polypeptide. | | 1981 | 6115512 |
| permeability of the midgut basal lamina in the mosquito, culex tarsalis coquillett (insecta, diptera). | the permeability of the basal lamina of the midgut of the mosquito, culex tarsalis, was determined for engorged and unfed mosquito midguts both pre- and postfixed. a range of materials, with diameters from less than 2nm (lanthanum) through 90 nm, (polystyrene spheres), was examined. the permeability of the basal lamina was constant under all experimental conditions; 5--8 nm particles (colloidal thorium) were the largest to consistently permeate. the discussion is centered on the question of how ... | 1981 | 6115555 |
| the influence of cell-free extracts from ehrlich ascitic carcinoma and rous sarcoma on the action of antiviral inhibitors. | | 1972 | 4404902 |
| experimental infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus in wild rodents indigenous to kern county, california. | six species of rodents from kern county, california, were inoculated subcutaneously with western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus to determine their susceptibility to infection and their potential as natural hosts. ammospermophilus nelsoni, citellus beecheyi, dipodomys heermanni, dipodomys nitratoides, peromyscus maniculatus, and sciurus griseus were readily infected. infection was usually fatal in dipodomys species, c. beecheyi, and s. griseus, but was clinically inapparent in other species ... | 1974 | 4426699 |
| opsonization of alphaviruses in hamsters. | immune elimination of alphaviruses in immunized hamsters appears to involve formation of virus/antibody aggregates which are subsequently cleared from the circulation by cells of the reticuloendothelial system (res). virulent strains of venezuelan (vee) and western equine encephalitis (wee) viruses which were cleared slowly from the circulation of nonimmune hamsters, were cleared rapidly when inoculated into the blood of immunized hamsters. likewise, when these viruses were mixed with specific h ... | 1983 | 6311964 |
| arboviral encephalitides--united states, 1983. | | 1983 | 6415386 |
| arthropod-borne virus infections of the central nervous system. | arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are an important cause of meningoencephalitis in north america. this article considers the common features of the four major cns arbovirus infections in this country and gives detailed descriptions of the individual virus infections. | 1984 | 6503938 |
| specific membranous structures associated with the replication of group a arboviruses. | intracytoplasmic membranous structures of a unique type were associated with the replication of three group a arboviruses: semliki forest virus (sfv), sindbis virus, or western equine encephalomyelitis virus. the structures, referred to as type 1 cytopathic vacuoles (cpv-1), were membrane-limited and characteristically lined by regular membranous spherules measuring 50 nm in diameter. the membranous spherules typically contained a fine central density, but were neither virus cores nor virions. d ... | 1972 | 4672392 |
| serologic examination of some domestic animals from south moravia on the presence of antibodies to selected arboviruses of the a, b, california and bunyamwera groups. | | 1973 | 4777760 |
| leads from the mmwr. arboviral encephalitides--united states, 1983. | | 1983 | 6644947 |
| focal neurologic signs in western equine encephalitis. | focal neurologic signs developed in a 75-year-old woman who had presented with encephalitis. a diagnosis of western equine encephalitis was made from serologic findings. although she was improving clinically the patient died from acute dissection of an aortic aneurysm 11 days after admission to hospital. the pathological findings--perivascular infiltrates and multifocal necrosis in the deep grey matter--were consistent with the diagnosis of western equine encephalitis. similar findings in the ba ... | 1984 | 6704848 |
| relationship between neurovirulence and temperature sensitivity of an attenuated western equine encephalitis virus. | | 1971 | 5137591 |
| adjuvant activity of a novel metabolizable lipid emulsion with inactivated viral vaccines. | studies were conducted in mice, hamsters, sheep, and two species of nonhuman primates which demonstrate the adjuvant activity of a new metabolizable lipid emulsion with marginally immunogenic doses of formalin-inactivated viral vaccines. the lipid base consists of highly refined peanut oil emulsified in aqueous vaccines with glycerol and lecithin. hamsters and mice inoculated with lipid emulsion plus western or venezuelan equine encephalitis vaccine were significantly more resistant than vaccina ... | 1980 | 6772571 |
| a variant of western equine encephalitis virus with nonglycosylated e3 protein. | a variant clone (at/a125) of western equine encephalitis virus was isolated from a line of mosquito cells persistently infected with a temperature-sensitive parent strain, a125. variant-infected cells produced an altered form of pe2 protein which migrated with a higher electrophoretic mobility than wild type or a125 pe2. the altered pe2, like pe2 of wild type, was precipitated by anti-envelope proteins serum but not by anti-e1 serum. in pulse-chase experiments the altered pe2 protein was shown t ... | 1983 | 6829167 |
| isolation of two plaque mutants of western equine encephalitis virus differing in virulence for mice. | two plaque mutants were isolated from tissue cultures infected persistently with western equine encephalitis virus. a large plaque mutant proved to be markedly avirulent for mice. | 1969 | 5360528 |
| [the effect of beta-propiolactone and heat on the antigenic properties of a series of arboviruses]. | | 1969 | 5407009 |
| rapid and specific serodiagnosis of western equine encephalitis virus infection in horses. | paired sera from 28 nonvaccinated horses with serologically confirmed western equine encephalitis (wee) virus infections were evaluated for immunoglobulin (ig)m and igg directed against wee virus, by use of enzyme immunoassay. twenty-one of the horses developed greater than or equal to 4-fold increases or decreases in serum igm titers in paired serum samples, confirming the diagnosis of wee in these horses. of the remaining 7 horses, 1 had stable igm titers, 1 had a 2-fold increase in igm titer ... | 1986 | 3729130 |
| arbovirus subtyping: applications to epidemiologic studies, availability of reagents, and testing services. | | 1981 | 7030063 |
| sensitive enzyme immunoassay for detecting immunoglobulin m antibodies to sindbis virus and further evidence that pogosta disease is caused by a western equine encephalitis complex virus. | an antibody capture enzyme immunoassay (eia) was adapted for the detection of immunoglobulin m (igm) antibody to sindbis (sin) virus. sera from humans with a febrile illness characterized by rash and arthralgia in eastern finland (pogosta [pog] disease) and sweden (ockelbo disease) and from humans with western equine encephalitis (wee) virus infection in the united states were tested for igm antibodies by eia. seroconversions were documented in patients with pog disease and with wee virus infect ... | 1985 | 3908469 |
| western equine encephalomyelitis virus: in vivo infection and morphogenesis in mosquito mesenteronal epithelial cells. | the infection and morphogenetic events associated with the replication of western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) virus within the mesenterons of aedes dorsalis and three strains of culex tarsalis are compared and contrasted. wee virus apparently penetrates mesenteronal epithelial cells in vivo through membrane fusion. profiles of apparent membrane fusion events were observed between virus particles and the microvillar surface of the mesenteron and naked nucleocapsids are observed intracellularly ... | 1985 | 3993231 |
| properties of monoclonal antibodies against glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis virus. | to analyze the biological activities of the alphavirus glycoproteins, eight different monoclonal antibodies against the two glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis virus were isolated. five of the eight monoclonal antibodies were shown to be specific for e1 and three for e2 protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by radioimmunoprecipitation. three of the five anti-e1 and all of the anti-e2 monoclonal antibodies inhibited hemagglutination by purified virions. one anti-e1 and two ... | 1985 | 4020970 |
| hemolytic activity of the envelope glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis virus in reconstitution experiments. | | 1981 | 7210501 |
| gamma ray-induced small plaque mutants of western equine encephalitis virus. | small plaque mutants of western equine encephalitis virus were obtained from the surviving fractions of wild-type virus which was irradiated with gamma rays. the frequency with which small plaque mutants appeared in the surviving fraction increased with the radiation dose. these mutants were not more resistant to radiation than wild-type virus. the growth rate of a mutant, s127, was lower than that of wild-type. clonally purified mutant virions presented two peaks in a velocity sedimentation pro ... | 1973 | 4128384 |
| antigenic components of group a arbovirus virions. | three group a arboviruses, sindbis (sin), western (wee) and eastern equine encephalitis (eee), were selectively degraded with a nonionic detergent to yield a core particle and a soluble envelope component. antigenic analysis by using radioimmune precipitation techniques revealed marked antigenic similarity among the core particles of the three viruses. the soluble envelope component exhibited antigenic specificity similar to that of intact virions. a close relationship between sin and wee envelo ... | 1973 | 4128825 |
| serum epidemiology of eastern, western and venezuelan equine encephalitides in mexico. | the presence of hi antibodies for the eastern, western and venezuelan equine encephalitis was investigated in 16,405 human sera collected in 47 communities in the mexican republic. it was found that there is a high percentage of individuals who have antibodies against venezuelan equine encephalitis. in turn, it was discovered that persons with western equine encephalitis virus antibodies live in the northwestern states of the country. very few cases with eastern equine encephalitis antibodies we ... | 1981 | 7294943 |
| relationship of density of culiseta melanura mosquitoes to infection of wild birds with eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses. | | 1974 | 4153042 |