| electron microscope appearance of hantaan virus, the causative agent of korean haemorrhagic fever. | the morphology and morphogenesis of three strains of hantaan virus, which causes korean haemorrhagic fever (khf), were examined by thin-section and negative-contrast electron microscopy of infected a549 cell-culture specimens. in thin sections, virus was detected within cytoplasmic granular matrices (viroplasms) of the infected cells. virus particles were spherical (diameter 73 +/- 5 nm), and had an extremely electron-dense core (diameter 47 +/- 6.5 nm). replication and maturation of the virus s ... | 1981 | 6112446 |
| investigations on the structure and morphogenesis of some arboviruses isolated in the u.s.s.r. | the morphology and some stages of morphogenesis in suckling mouse brains of hitherto serologically unclassified viruses kaspiy (leiv-a-63), zavashan (leiv-ap-6158), artashat (leiv-a-2366), and paramushir (leiv-c-2268), isolated in the u.s.s.r., of gm-710 virus isolated in scotland, and of sokuluk (leiv-k-400) virus belonging to the genus flavivirus (family togaviridae) were studied. virion sizes were determined and changes in infected cells described. based on their structure and morphogenesis, ... | 1981 | 6115562 |
| interferon induction by flavi- and orbiviruses in l-m cell line. | interferon (ifn) inducing ability of six flaviviruses was compared with five orbiviruses in mouse fibroblast cells (l-m). orbiviruses were found to induce significantly higher amounts of ifn than flaviviruses. | 1983 | 6133435 |
| simple procedure for preparation of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus antigens for agar gel immunodiffusion. | a simplified procedure was developed for preparing soluble antigen from two related orbiviruses, bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses, for agar gel immunodiffusion. the antigens gave excellent results in both micro-agar gel diffusion (agar gel precipitin) and macro-agar gel diffusion (bluetongue immunodiffusion). minor modification in the spatial arrangement of reference antisera, commonly utilized in the agar gel immunodiffusion tests, was employed to reduce the possible develop ... | 1983 | 6140269 |
| disseminated intravascular coagulation in korean hemorrhagic fever. | to investigate the nature and role of coagulation and complement alterations in the pathogenesis of korean hemorrhagic fever (khf), the profiles from the early stages in 27 male patients were serially evaluated. evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) was observed in 14 of the 27 patients (51.8%) sometime during the course of the disease. the earlier the coagulation tests were performed, the more frequently the evidence of dic was found. the mean serum c3 concentration was signi ... | 1983 | 6141786 |
| [high interferonogenic activity okhotsk orbivirus in lymphoid cells]. | | 1980 | 6158180 |
| antibodies to bluetongue viruses in animals imported into united states zoological gardens. | three hundred forty-five serum samples from 30 zoological animal species which had been imported into the united states were examined retrospectively for the presence of antibody to bluetongue viruses. ninety eight (28.4%) were positive for antibody to bluetongue group antigen by the bluetongue agar gel immunodiffusion test. bluetongue antibodies, most of which were against serotypes exotic to the united states, were detected in 13 animal species from africa not previously reported to be infecte ... | 1982 | 6178486 |
| cloning of the bluetongue virus l3 gene. | the genes of the bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17 have been cloned into pbr322 by tailing both strands of the double-stranded rna with polyadenylic acid, transcribing them with reverse transcriptase with an oligodeoxythymidylic acid primer, hybridizing the cdna products, and completing them into duplex structures with the klenow fragment of escherichia coli dna polymerase. after cloning the double-stranded cdna molecules into pbr322, the complete sequence of the cloned l3 gene was determined. ... | 1984 | 6206235 |
| [isolation of orbiviruses from the kemerovo complex in the tick ixodes ricinus in the czech socialist republic (author's transl)]. | | 1981 | 6265105 |
| comparison of bluetongue type 20 with certain viruses of the bluetongue and eubenangee serological groups of orbiviruses. | the genome of bluetongue virus type 20 consists of 10 segments of double-stranded rna each of which contains unique sequences as determined by oligonucleotide mapping. the 10 polypeptide products of the virus genome were detected in virus-infected cells, and in pulse--chase experiments there was no secondary cleavage of the primary gene products. using stringent conditions for rna--rna reassociation, no significant homology could be detected between the genomes of bluetongue type 20 isolated in ... | 1981 | 6275025 |
| inhibition of bluetongue and colorado tick fever orbiviruses by selected antiviral substances. | the effects of four ribonucleic acid virus inhibitors were evaluated in cell cultures and in mice to determine inhibitory effects against bluetongue virus and colorado tick fever virus (ctfv). test compounds included 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin), 3-deazaguanine, 3-deazauridine, and 9-(s)-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine. ribavirin-2',3',5'-triacetate (ribavirin triacetate) was evaluated in vivo against ctfv. inhibition of cytopathic effect and plaque reduction were ... | 1981 | 6282197 |
| [meningoencephalitis associated with orbivirus infection]. | | 1982 | 6289421 |
| [isolation of the tribec virus in byelorussia]. | | 1982 | 6289534 |
| classification of the orbiviruses. confusion in the use of terms bluetongue virus, bluetongue-like virus, bluetongue-related virus and the overall nomenclature. | | 1982 | 6289792 |
| electrophoretic comparison of the genomes of north american bluetongue viruses, one australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses. | the genomes of u.s. bluetongue viruses, an australian bluetongue virus, and three other related orbiviruses were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the genomes were comprised of ten segments of double-stranded (ds) rna. estimates of the molecular weights of the dsrna segments revealed that the u.s. bluetongue serotypes were remarkably similar. although the dsrna profiles of the viruses exhibited common segments, each virus had a distinct dsrna profile. the usefulness of the genome a ... | 1982 | 6294962 |
| orbi- and bunyaviruses from a puffin colony in the outer hebrides. | | 1982 | 6299238 |
| serological studies of australian and papua new guinean cattle and australian sheep for the presence of antibodies against bluetongue group viruses. | following isolation of a virus (csiro19) from insects in australia and its identification as bluetongue virus serotype 20 (btv20), a nationwide survey of antibodies in cattle and sheep sera was undertaken. initial studies using the serum neutralization (sn) test showed that the distribution of btv20 antibodies in cattle was confined to the northern part of australia. group-reactive antibody tests (agar gel diffusion precipitin, agdp, and complement-fixation, cf) showed group-reactive cattle sera ... | 1983 | 6306901 |
| identification of bluetongue virus type 17 genome segments coding for polypeptides associated with virus neutralization and intergroup reactivity. | double-stranded (ds) rna was isolated from either partially purified bluetongue virus (btv) type 17 or btv-17 infected cells. the rna was denatured with either methylmercury hydroxide or dimethyl sulfoxide and translated in a reticulocyte cell-free system. the translation products were found to be similar to btv-17 specific polypeptides in infected cells when analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with btv-17 specific polyclonal mouse ascitic fluid. the 10 dsrna b ... | 1983 | 6318436 |
| characterization of nugget virus, a serotype of the kemerovo group of orbiviruses. | the genome of nugget virus, a serotype of the kemerovo group of orbiviruses, consists of 10 segments of double-stranded rna. the properties of the virus are consistent with its classification as an orbivirus , but the unusual patterns of separation of viral rna and polypeptides compared with that reported for most other orbiviruses suggests the possibility of heterogeneity within the genus orbivirus . | 1984 | 6331358 |
| a sero-epidemiological survey for bunyaviridae and certain other arboviruses in pakistan. | complement fixation test reactions to the following viruses were studied in 372 samples (157 rodents, 172 domestic animals, 43 persons) from pakistan: bunyaviridae, phlebovirus: phlebotomus fever sicilian (pfs), phlebotomus fever naples (pfn), karimabad (kar), salehabad (sal); nairovirus: crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever (cchf), hazara (haz), dera ghazi khan (dgk), dhori (dho); uukuvirus: manawa (mwa); "possible members": bakau (bak), bhanja (bha). reoviridae, orbivirus: wad medani (wm). unclass ... | 1983 | 6415873 |
| mixed infections with tick-borne viruses in a seabird colony in eire. | viruses were isolated from 2 tick species collected from the nesting areas of seabirds on great saltee island, eire. bunyaviruses of the uukuniemi serogroup were isolated from hard ticks (ixodes uriae and i. rothschildi), bunyaviruses of the hughes serogroup from soft ticks (ornithodoros maritimus), and orbiviruses of the kemerovo serogroup from i. uriae and o. maritimus. the results indicate that the bunyaviruses, but not the orbiviruses, show "tick specificity". neutralising activity against m ... | 1984 | 6421266 |
| comparison of mice and cell cultures for the isolation of tick-borne viruses. | three methods of isolating viruses from 10 tick pools were compared; none of the methods produced all 13 of the viruses isolated (7 viruses of the bunyaviridae and 6 orbiviruses). inoculation of homogenised ticks into various cell lines was the most successful, yielding 11 virus isolations. only 2 tick homogenates induced overt signs of infection following intra-cerebral inoculation of 2-day-old mice. however, when inoculated mouse brain was passaged in various cell lines, 8 of 12 isolations wer ... | 1984 | 6501535 |
| on the evolution of orbiviruses. | the genomes of orbiviruses consist of 10 segments of double-stranded rna. in cells simultaneously infected with two or more related viruses, recombinants are derived by independent reassortment of parental genes. the process is analogous to sexual reproduction in higher organisms and provides a mechanism for generating extensive diversity within this group of viruses. this genetic diversity can be explained by reference to modern concepts of the structure of natural populations of organisms. a s ... | 1983 | 6629702 |
| characterization of the changuinola serogroup viruses (reoviridae: orbivirus). | the antigenic, biological, and chemical properties of 24 selected changuinola serogroup viruses were examined. the viruses tested were chloroform-resistant, and they were lethal to newborn hamsters after intracerebral inoculation. the prototype changuinola virus strain (bt-436) replicated in mosquito and sandfly cell cultures. in complement-fixation tests, the viruses were broadly cross-reacting and indistinguishable; but by neutralization test at least 12 distinct serotypes were identified, and ... | 1984 | 6698758 |
| characterization of the palyam serogroup viruses (reoviridae: orbivirus). | 31 palyam serogroup viruses were examined by complement-fixation and plaque-reduction neutralization tests and by page of the segmented, double-stranded (ds) rna genome. although the viruses were indistinguishable by complement-fixation tests, 10 distinct virus serotypes were identified by plaque-reduction neutralization methods. palyam group viruses which were distinct by the neutralization test had unique dsrna profiles, whereas those agents which were indistinct by the neutralization test had ... | 1984 | 6735663 |
| preliminary characterization of d'aguilar virus and three palyam group viruses new to australia. | between 1974 and 1980, 424 viruses were isolated at the long pocket laboratories of the division of animal health, csiro, either from insects or from the blood of sentinel cattle, and of these, 165 cross-reacted with d'aguilar virus (an australian palyam group virus) in a complement fixation test. neutralization tests were used to classify these viruses into four serotypes with the isolates d'aguilar b8112, csiro 11, csiro 58 and csiro 82 as the type strains. the latter three were new to austral ... | 1982 | 7150118 |
| orbiviruses and bunyaviruses from a seabird colony in scotland. | viruses isolated from ticks (ixodes uriae) and a kittiwake (rissa tridactyla) from a seabird colony at st. abb's head, scotland, were shown by complement fixation tests (cft) to be antigenically related to the uukuniemi and kemerovo serogroups. electron microscopic examination of cell cultures infected with the kemerovo group viruses revealed particles characteristic of orbiviruses, 72 +/- 3 nm in diam., with an inner core 37 +/- 3 nm in diam., in association with intracytoplasmic, densely stain ... | 1981 | 7320703 |
| ornithodoros (alectorobius) amblus (acarina: ixodoidea: argasidae): identity, marine bird and human hosts, virus infections, and distribution in peru. | ornithodoros (alectorobius) amblus chamberlin 1920, adults previously were described inadequately. practically nothing was known regarding the identity, hosts, distribution, and biology of this species. we redescribe both sexes, describe the nymph and larva, and present criteria for differentiating these stages from those of other members of the o. (a.) capensis group in the western hemisphere. samples were collected from 13 localities on the pacific coast and on offshore islands of peru. hosts ... | 1980 | 7391872 |
| [properties of the rna of the new okhotsk orbivirus]. | electron microscopic examination of okhotsky virus rna showed it to have double-stranded fragmented structure. investigation of the kinetics of virus-specific rna synthesis in chick embryo fibroblast cell cultures inoculated at a high multiplicity of infection demonstrated that the synthesis of virus-specific rnas of okhotsky virus reached maximum by 7 hours postinfection. a decrease in the multiplicity of infection slowed down the kinetics of virus-specific rnas synthesis. the sedimentation ana ... | 1980 | 7434737 |
| [arboviruses - structure and classification (author's transl)]. | the larger, biologically defined, set of arboviruses contains sub-sets representative of a number of different taxons. arboviruses classified on serological grounds into groups a and b are now placed respectively into the genera alphavirus and flavivirus, which form part of the family togaviridae. the recently defined family bunyaviridae contains almost 200 different arboviruses, serologically divisible into at least 24 different serogroups. the family reoviridae includes the genus orbivirus whi ... | 1980 | 7442509 |
| detection of african horse sickness viruses by dot-blot hybridization using a digoxigenin-labelled probe. | in order to develop a non-radioactive dot-blot hybridization assay, for the detection of african-horse sickness virus (ahsv), genome segment 7 from 9 serotypes was amplified by rt-pcr. the resulting pcr products were denatured, immobilized on nylon membranes and then hybridized to a non-radioactive digoxigenin-labelled probe. this probe (265 bp in length) was generated by nested-pcr using genome segment 7 of ahsv, serotype 4 as a template. the dot-blot was visualized by chemiluminescence. positi ... | 1995 | 7477018 |
| fine mapping of a continuous epitope on vp7 of bluetongue virus using overlapping synthetic peptides and a random epitope library. | two complementary techniques have been used to delineate an epitope on vp7 of bluetongue virus. two mabs (f10 and d11), both of which bound within a region spanning amino acids 255 to 274 in the 349 amino acid protein, were used to probe overlapping synthetic peptides covering this region. a pentapeptide, qypal, and a hexapeptide, qy-palt (amino acids 259-264), preferentially bound both mabs. mab f10 also reacted with a heptapeptide (taeifnv) immediately adjacent to qypalt. the mabs were also us ... | 1994 | 7505073 |
| comparison of the expression and phosphorylation of the non-structural protein ns2 of three different orbiviruses: evidence for the involvement of an ubiquitous cellular kinase. | the non-structural protein ns2 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease (ehd), bluetongue (bt) and african horsesickness (ahs) viruses has each been expressed to high levels using a baculovirus vector gene expression system. it was found that the recombinant baculovirus-expressed ehdv ns2 protein was resolved as a doublet following page. peptide mapping of these protein bands indicated that they were identical. the difference in the sizes of the ns2 protein bands could not be attributed to the phosphor ... | 1994 | 7527835 |
| the multimeric nonstructural ns2 proteins of bluetongue virus, african horsesickness virus, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus differ in their single-stranded rna-binding ability. | the structure and single-stranded (ss) rna-binding by the nonstructural protein ns2 of three different orbiviruses were studied and compared. african horsesickness virus (ahsv), bluetongue virus (btv), and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv) were analyzed in recombinant baculovirus-infected cells and in cells infected with btv and ahsv. sedimentation analysis and nonreducing sds-page revealed that ns2 of all three orbiviruses is a 7s multimer with both inter- and intramolecular disulfide ... | 1995 | 7539971 |
| geographical genetic variation in the gene encoding vp3 from the alberta isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. | the complete nucleic acid and deduced amino acid sequences of gene segment 3 and the encoded vp3 from the north american, alberta isolate of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2) are reported. complementary dna corresponding to segment 3 was 2768 nucleotides in length with an open reading frame of 2697 base pairs which encoded a vp3 polypeptide of 899 amino acid residues. sequence comparison with genome segment 3 and vp3 from the australian strain of ehdv-2 indicated genotypic ... | 1995 | 7653105 |
| comparison of the non-structural protein, ns1, of tick-borne and insect-borne orbiviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of rna segment 6 of broadhaven virus (brdv), a tick-borne orbivirus, was determined principally from two overlapping cdna clones and rna end sequence analysis. the genome segment is 1714 base pairs in length and has a coding capacity for a protein of 537 amino acids, having a net charge of +4.0 at neutral ph. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of brdv rna segment 6 with the ns1 sequence of insect-borne orbiviruses, bluetongue virus (btv), african horse sickne ... | 1995 | 7653106 |
| expression of nonstructural protein ns3 of african horsesickness virus (ahsv): evidence for a cytotoxic effect of ns3 in insect cells, and characterization of the gene products in ahsv infected vero cells. | the smallest genome segment of african horsesickness virus (ahsv), segment 10 (s10), encodes two minor nonstructural proteins, ns3 and ns3a. while the cognate bluetongue virus (btv) proteins have been suggested to play a role in the release of virus particles from infected cells, no function has yet been ascribed to ahsv ns3/ns3a. when the ahsv-3 s10 gene was expressed in a baculovirus system only a single ns3 protein (24 k) was synthesized, at lower levels than expected. it was shown that this ... | 1995 | 7710356 |
| bluetongue virus. | bluetongue (blu) is a noncontagious viral disease. the virus is a member of the orbivirus genus and serves as the prototype virus of the genus. blu is primarily a disease of domestic ruminants, some wild ruminants, and, recently, domestic dogs. the disease is caused by 1 of 24 different serotypes of virus that are distributed worldwide. this article reviews the viruses, their distribution, clinical signs, pathogenesis, and the roles they play in reproductive failure. | 1994 | 7728636 |
| the transmission and geographical spread of african horse sickness and bluetongue viruses. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv) and bluetongue virus (btv) are dsrna viruses within the genus orbivirus. both are able to cause non-contagious, infectious arthropod-borne diseases in their respective vertebrate hosts. ahsv infects equines and occasionally dogs, whereas btv replicates in ruminants. the disease caused by ahsv is usually at its most severe in horses, whereas certain breeds of sheep are particularly sensitive to btv infection. ahsv is endemic in sub-saharan africa but periodical ... | 1995 | 7741589 |
| picture story. bluetongue's sticky bristle. | | 1995 | 7749915 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of rna segment 3 of bluetongue virus serotype 2 (ona-a). phylogenetic analyses reveal the probable origin and relationship with other orbiviruses. | the nucleotide sequence of the rna segment 3 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 2 (ona-a) from north america was determined to be 2772 nucleotides containing a single large open reading frame of 2703 nucleotides (901 amino acid). the predicted vp3 protein exhibited general physiochemical properties (including hydropathy profiles) which were very similar to those previously deduced for other btv vp3 proteins. partial genome segment 3 sequences, obtained by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) sequenci ... | 1995 | 7785314 |
| anti-idiotypic antibody as potential serodiagnostic reagent for detection of bluetongue virus infection. | polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-ids) were generated by the sequential immunization of rabbits with three mouse monoclonal antibodies (mab1s) specific for a major bluetongue virus (btv) protein, vp7. the anti-ids, designated rab2s, recognized idiotopes which were located within or near the antigen-combining sites of the mab1s and were associated with both heavy and light chains of mab1s. rab2s inhibited the mab1s from binding to btv antigens, and their interaction with mab1s was inhibi ... | 1995 | 7790450 |
| a model for the membrane topology of the ns3 protein as predicted from the sequence of segment 10 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1. | segment 10, encoding nonstructural proteins 3 (ns3) and 3a (ns3a) of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus serotype 1 (ehdv-1) was sequenced. computer motif recognition programs were used for interpretation of the sequence data to predict a structure for ns3. integral membrane protein theories were then applied to produce a general topological model for the ehdv-1 ns3 protein. homology was observed between ehdv-1 ns3 integral membrane motifs and those similarly observed in the cognate proteins of ... | 1995 | 7794120 |
| the crystal structure of bluetongue virus vp7. | bluetongue virus (btv), a representative of the orbivirus genus of the reoviridae, is considerably larger (at 80 nm across), and structurally more complex, than any virus for which we have comprehensive structural information. orbiviruses infect mammalian hosts through insect vectors and cause economically important diseases of domesticated animals. they possess a segmented double-stranded rna genome within a capsid composed of four major types of polypeptide chains. an outer layer of vp2 and vp ... | 1995 | 7816101 |
| a rapid indirect elisa for the serogrouping of australian orbiviruses. | this communication describes the development and evaluation of a simple and rapid method for the classification of australian orbiviruses into one of seven established serogroups (i.e. bluetongue, epizootic haemorrhagic disease of deer, palyam, eubenangee, corriparta, wallal, warrego) or an 'ungrouped' category. the australian orbivirus serogrouping elisa (sg-elisa) utilised a sodium deoxycholate-treated cell lysate preparation from infected bhk cells which was subsequently probed in an indirect ... | 1994 | 7829593 |
| comparison of immunogold methodologies for the detection of low copy number viral antigens in bluetongue virus (btv)-infected cells. | cells infected with bluetongue virus (btv) were prepared for immunocytochemistry by freeze substitution, the progressive lowering of temperature technique and the tokuyasu method. sections containing virus-infected cells were incubated with specific monoclonal antibodies and colloidal gold probes to detect virus antigens of varying copy number; these btv proteins were structural proteins vp2 and vp7 and the non-structural protein ns2. protocols compared in this study represented those used in la ... | 1994 | 7881897 |
| viruses isolated from mosquitoes collected in sri lanka. | attempts to isolate viruses from 178,181 unengorged female mosquitoes collected from different ecologic areas of sri lanka yielded 31 isolates: 17 of japanese encephalitis (je) virus, nine of getah virus, three of a batai-related bunyavirus, and two of arkonam virus. culex tritaeniorhynchus and mansonia uniformis mosquitoes were found to carry je virus in a dry zone nonepidemic area, and cx. pseudovishnui was found to carry it in a wet zone nonepidemic area. japanese encephalitis virus was isola ... | 1994 | 7915499 |
| phylogenetic analysis of segment 10 from african horsesickness virus and cognate genes from other orbiviruses. | utilizing the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) procedure, we have synthesized full-length copies of segment 10 from african horsesickness virus (ahsv) serotypes 1, 4 and 8. the genes were cloned, sequenced and compared with the sequence of the cognate gene from ahsv serotypes 3 and 9. sequences were analyzed to assess evolutionary relationships among serotypes using cladistics. based on this analysis the data support a close relationship between serotypes 4 and 9 and betw ... | 1994 | 7975880 |
| the reoviridae family. | the members of the reoviridae family are extremely varied in host ranges and have such diverse natural histories that it is compelling to conclude that their structural asset and replication strategy are uniquely successful in evolutionary terms. it follows that their study addresses fundamental aspects of virology, besides the ones which are customary with important pathogens affecting humans, animals and plants. we deal here with the present taxonomy of the family reoviridae and of its genera, ... | 1994 | 8001342 |
| the orbivirus genus. diversity, structure, replication and phylogenetic relationships. | the general properties of the orbiviruses have been examined at the physical, structural and molecular level. at the structural level, the orbiviruses (with the exception of the kemerovo serogroup) appear similar. the replicative events are also similar, however differences in the ultrastructure of virus-specific structures and their association with components of the host cell have been observed. further research in this area may be used to differentiate between the serogroups and even some ser ... | 1994 | 8001343 |
| bluetongue: laboratory diagnosis. | definitive diagnosis of bluetongue virus (btv) infection, often subclinical in domestic and wild ruminant relies heavily on laboratory techniques for btv isolation and demonstration of btv antigens, viral nucleic acids and antibodies. the virus can be isolated from blood components, mainly the erythrocyte fraction, collected from affected animals during the period of febrile response. semen collected from male animals at the peak of viremia and tissues from affected animals and fetuses may also ... | 1994 | 8001347 |
| african horse sickness virus structure. | african horse sickness virus (ahsv), of which there are nine serotypes (ahsv-1, -2, etc.), is a member of orbivirus genus within the reoviridae family. both in morphology and molecular constituents ahsv particles are comparable to those of bluetongue virus (btv), the prototype virus of the genus. the two viruses have seven structural proteins (vp1-7) organized in two layered capsid. the outer capsid is composed of vp2 and vp5. the inner capsid, or core, is composed of two major proteins, vp3 and ... | 1994 | 8001348 |
| african horsesickness: pathogenesis and immunity. | african horsesickness (ahs) is a serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family reoviridae. in horses, ahs causes three distinct clinicopathologic syndromes, the pulmonary, cardiac and fever forms of the disease. recent work has shown that the primary determinant of the form of disease expressed by naive horses is the virulence of the virus inoculum. horses which recover from ahs exhibit solid humoral immunity against homologous ... | 1994 | 8001349 |
| diagnosis of african horsesickness. | african horsesickness (ahs) is a very serious, non-contagious disease of horses and other solipeds caused by an arthropod-borne orbivirus of the family reoviridae. the epizootic nature of the disease makes rapid, accurate diagnosis of ahs absolutely essential. currently, diagnosis of ahs is based on typical clinical signs and lesions, a history consistent with vector transmission and confirmation by laboratory detection of virus and/or anti-ahs virus antibodies. the clinicopathologic presentatio ... | 1994 | 8001351 |
| rapid detection of african horsesickness virus by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using the amplimer for segment 3 (vp3 gene). | the complete sequence of the major core protein (vp3) gene of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4; vaccine strain) was determined by analysis of a complete cdna clone representing segment 3. the rna was 2,789 bp long and a comparison of its sequence with that of bluetongue virus serotype 10 (btv-10) revealed 58% nucleotide similarity. based on these data, the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique was applied to the specific detection of ahsv using a pair o ... | 1994 | 8002793 |
| expression and characterization of the two outer capsid proteins of african horsesickness virus: the role of vp2 in virus neutralization. | african horsesickness virus (ahsv) is a gnat-transmitted member of the orbivirus genus of the reoviridae family. the virus has a genome of 10 double-stranded rna species (l1-l3, m4-m6, s7-s10). the l2 and m6 genes of ahsv serotype 4 (ahsv-4) which encode the outer capsid proteins vp2 and vp5, respectively, were inserted into recombinant baculoviruses downstream of the baculovirus polyhedrin, or p10 promoters. recombinant baculoviruses expressing vp2, vp5, or vp2 and vp5 proteins of ahsv-4 were i ... | 1994 | 8009847 |
| essaouira and kala iris: two new orbiviruses of the kemerovo serogroup, chenuda complex, isolated from ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus ticks in morocco. | essaouira and kala iris viruses were isolated from ornithodoros (alectorobius) maritimus ticks parasitizing yellow-legged gulls (larus cachinnans) on the coast of morocco in 1979 and 1981, respectively. serological evidence indicates that these two viruses are new members of the chenuda complex within the kemerovo serogroup of the genus orbivirus. ecological, pathological, morphological, and physicochemical properties are compatible with these findings. the infectivity of these viruses for man a ... | 1993 | 8010186 |
| the complete sequences of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (vaccine strain) rna segment 2 and 6 which encode outer capsid protein. | the complete sequences of rna segment 2 and segment 6 of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4) vaccine strain were determined from cdna clones inserted into pbr 322. the rnas of segment 2 and 6 are 3229, 1566 bp long respectively and both contain an open reading frame encoding proteins vp2 and vp5 of 1060, 505 amino acid residues. the estimated molecular weight of vp2 was 124,178 dalton and that of vp5 was 56,793 dalton. their noncoding end sequences were 5'gtttaa . . . and . . . acata ... | 1994 | 8075221 |
| detection of african horsesickness virus by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using primers for segment 5 (ns1 gene). | the reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique was applied to the detection of african horsesickness virus (ahsv) using primers specific for attenuated ahsv serotype 4 segment 5 (ns1 gene). total rna which contains both messenger rna and genomic dsrna was extracted by the acid guanidinium-phenol-chloroform method from the ahsv infected vero cells and was used as templates to optimize the rt-pcr. a pair of primer (np2-np32) amplified the product of the expe ... | 1994 | 8075225 |
| the smallest gene of the orbivirus, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, is expressed in virus-infected cells as two proteins and the expression differs from that of the cognate gene of bluetongue virus. | the smallest gene (s10) of the virus of epizootic hemorrhagic disease of deer (ehd, serotype 2) is expressed as two proteins in virus-infected cells. by contrast, the non-structural proteins (ns3 and ns3a) encoded in the smallest gene of bluetongue (bt) viruses are difficult to detect in virus-infected cells. the nucleotide sequence of s10 of ehdv-2 contains two in-frame initiation codons which allow for translation of proteins of mol. wt. 25503 and 23921 analogous to ns3 and ns3a of bt viruses. ... | 1994 | 8079516 |
| subcore- and core-like particles of broadhaven virus (brdv), a tick-borne orbivirus, synthesized from baculovirus expressed vp2 and vp7, the major core proteins of brdv. | the genes encoding the two major core proteins (vp2 and vp7) of broadhaven (brd) virus, a tick-borne orbivirus, were inserted into the genome of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) under the control of copies of the acnpv polyhedrin promoter to produce two recombinant baculoviruses. infection of spodoptera frugiperda (sf) cells with a recombinant acnpv that synthesized brdv vp2 produced large numbers of brdv subcore-like particles. co-infection of cells with the two recombi ... | 1994 | 8079519 |
| contamination of genetically engineered cho-cells by epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv). | the characterization of a contaminating virus which was detected in genetically-engineered chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells during the production of biologicals is described in the present paper. under electron microscopy, the contaminating virus had a morphology resembling that of an orbivirus. the relationship was confirmed by nucleic acid analysis which showed a rna segment pattern characteristic of orbiviruses. with an immunoperoxidase staining of monolayer cells and through sero-neutraliza ... | 1993 | 8117434 |
| recommendations for african horse sickness vaccines for use in nonendemic areas. | african horse sickness (ahs), which causes mortality up to 95%, is caused by orbiviruses and is transmitted by culicoides. the goal of a control and eradication program for ahs is to prevent the spread of the virus via the biological vector. control measures include slaughter of infected animals, housing of suspected infected animals in insect-proof stalls, and vaccination. vaccination has played a key role in eradication when ahs occurred outside of africa. both modified live vaccines (mlv) and ... | 1993 | 8134660 |
| mutation of either of two cysteine residues or deletion of the amino or carboxy terminus of nonstructural protein ns1 of bluetongue virus abrogates virus-specified tubule formation in insect cells. | virus-specific tubules are characteristic of orbivirus infections and are likely to play an important role in virus morphogenesis. it has been shown that for bluetongue virus (btv), the prototype orbivirus in the family reoviridae, the virus-encoded ns1 protein forms tubules in insect cells when the btv segment m6 gene is expressed by using a baculovirus vector. to understand the function of ns1 tubules and to identify the sequences involved in their polymerization, a series of mutant ns1 genes ... | 1994 | 8139001 |
| identification of domains in bluetongue virus vp3 molecules essential for the assembly of virus cores. | bluetongue virus (btv) cores consist of the viral genome and five proteins, including two major components (vp3 and vp7) and three minor components (vp1, vp4, and vp6). vp3 proteins form an inner scaffold for the deposition on the core of the surface layer of vp7. vp3 also encapsidates and interacts with the three minor proteins. the btv vp3 protein consists of 901 amino acids and has a sequence that is a highly conserved among btv serotypes and other orbiviruses (e.g., epizootic hemorrhagic dis ... | 1994 | 8151751 |
| dissecting the assembly of orbiviruses. | virus assembly within infected cells involves a precise sequence of macromolecular interactions. to unravel the individual steps involved in the assembly of a complete virion of bluetongue virus, we have engineered a series of recombinant baculoviruses to make multicomponent structures resembling virus structures. when combined with cryoelectron microscopy and image processing techniques the data reveal the organization and assembly of the various components of this virus. | 1993 | 8162414 |
| identification of kagoshima and chuzan viruses of japan as kasba virus, an orbivirus of the palyam serogroup. | | 1994 | 8166617 |
| the isolation and identification of potchefstroom virus: a new member of the equine encephalosis group of orbiviruses. | virus was isolated from the blood of horses (n = 5) showing fever and jaundice and was identified as equine encephalosis virus. in cross neutralisation tests, the isolates were shown to belong to a new serotype related to gamil, one of the 6 known serotypes of equine encephalosis virus. the name potchefstroom has been proposed for this new serotype. | 1993 | 8176687 |
| virulence-associated antigenic and genetic characteristics of bluetongue virus-17 isolates. | bluetongue virus (blu), an orbivirus, is of importance to the sheep and cattle industries. we have obtained 5 united states blu-17 isolates which have been tested for virulence in sheep and 16 blu-17 field isolates from the caribbean and central america. using a panel of 15 monoclonal antibodies (mab) against an avirulent blu-17, we observed that 6 mabs had negligible or very low neutralization titers for the virulent isolates in contrast to moderate to high titers for the avirulent isolates. th ... | 1994 | 8184541 |
| development of a nested-pcr test based on sequence analysis of epizootic hemorrhagic disease viruses non-structural protein 1 (ns1). | two orbiviruses, epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) and bluetongue (btv) viruses, cause disease in domestic and wild ruminant species. the gene that encodes non-structural protein 1 (ns1) of ehd virus, serotype 1, was sequenced and compared to ehd and btv ns1 sequences. the ns1 gene was found to be more conserved than the vp3 gene, and was selected as a target for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification. the ns1 genes of several btv viruses and another orbivirus, african horse sickness (a ... | 1994 | 8191788 |
| diagnosis and molecular epidemiology of the african horse sickness virus by the polymerase chain reaction and restriction patterns. | african horse sickness is a viral disease caused by an orbivirus belonging to the reoviridae family. this paper describes a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for amplifying segments 7, which encode for vp 7, a protein common to the 9 known serotypes of this virus. a reverse transcription step is necessary before amplification. no amplified product could be observed in cell cultures infected with other equine viruses. the amplified dnas were digested to completion by 8 different restriction enzymes ... | 1993 | 8260960 |
| current status of the diagnosis and control of african horse sickness. | african horse sickness (ahs) is an infectious, non-contagious, highly fatal viral disease of equidae, transmitted by arthropod vectors of the genus culicoides, and endemic in africa south and east of the sahara. the disease is caused by a virus of the reoviridae family, genus orbivirus, and 9 serotypes have been recognized. recent outbreaks of ahs in the iberian peninsula and northern africa emphasize the need for accurate diagnosis and rapid implementation of control measures. in this paper, th ... | 1993 | 8343805 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (vaccine strain) segment 4, which encodes the minor core protein vp4. | the complete sequence of rna segment 4 of african horsesickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4) vaccine strain was determined from the full-length cdna clone inserted into pbr322. the rna is 1978 bp long (m(r) 1.27 x 10(6)) and contains an open reading frame encoding a protein of 642 amino acids (m(r) 75826) with a net charge of +10 at neutral ph. the 5' and 3' termini of ahsv-4 segment 4,5'gtttat... and ...ccttac3', were different from orbivirus characteristic terminal sequences, being 5'gttaaa... an ... | 1993 | 8346671 |
| african horse sickness. | ahs is a noncontagious vector-borne disease of equidae caused by orbiviruses. species susceptibility in decreasing order is horses, mules, donkeys, and zebras. the main vectors of ahs are culicoides. the disease is endemic in sub-saharan africa, but epizootics have occurred outside of this area on several occasions. the most recent outbreaks outside of the endemic area were in spain, morocco, and portugal between 1987 and 1990. ahs causes mortality up to 95% and is classically divided into four ... | 1993 | 8358648 |
| animal and animal product importation and the assessment of risk from bluetongue and other ruminant orbiviruses. | agriculture is an important component in the national economy of the united kingdom and incursion of exotic disease would have severe effects on the united kingdom domestic economy, causing both direct and indirect losses. the literature on bluetongue and other ruminant orbiviruses is reviewed in order to assess the risk of importing animal and animal products from countries with endemic infection. the literature is confusing, contradictory and incomplete and so cannot be used as a basis for des ... | 1993 | 8382547 |
| group-reactive elisas for detecting antibodies to african horsesickness and equine encephalosis viruses in horse, donkey, and zebra sera. | group-reactive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed to selectively detect antibodies to african horsesickness virus (ahsv) and equine encephalosis virus (eev), 2 orbiviruses that infect equids. in indirect elisa, guinea pig antisera to all known ahsv or eev serotypes recognized immobilized ahsv serotype 3 or eev cascara, respectively. antisera from naturally infected animals did not cross-react with their respective heterologous viruses. the elisa was used in parallel with ... | 1993 | 8385502 |
| use of a digoxigenin-labeled rna probe to detect all 24 serotypes of bluetongue virus in cell culture. | a digoxigenin-labeled rna probe, corresponding to the section of the bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 17 genome coding for nonstructural protein-1 (ns1), was applied to noninfected cell cultures and cell cultures infected with 24 different serotypes of btv, 2 serotypes of epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus, and african horse sickness virus type 4. the probe hybridized to all cell cultures infected with the various btv serotypes but did not hybridize to noninfected cell cultures or cell cultures ... | 1993 | 8389596 |
| serologic evidence for rabbit syncytium virus in eastern cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) in ohio. | thirteen of 20 eastern cottontail rabbit (sylvilagus floridanus) sera collected near delaware, ohio (usa) in 1991 were positive by indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) for antibody to rabbit syncytium virus (rsv), a kemerovo serogroup orbivirus. in addition, two of 10 domestic bovine sera and three of 30 sheep sera collected in southeastern ohio gave weak positive ifat reactions to rsv. | 1993 | 8394944 |
| a competitive elisa for the detection of anti-tubule antibodies using a monoclonal antibody against bluetongue virus non-structural protein ns1. | a monoclonal antibody directed against the largest bluetongue virus (btv) non-structural protein (ns1) was used in a competitive elisa to detect antibodies to tubules (composed of ns1) in serum samples. anti-tubule antibodies were detected at approximately 10 days post-infection in btv infected sheep but no such antibodies were detected in sheep injected with inactivated btv vaccines. tubules are also produced during the replication of other related orbiviruses, including epizootic haemorrhagic ... | 1993 | 8396154 |
| enhanced replication of orbiviruses in bovine testicle cells infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus. | bovine testicle (bt) cells infected with non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) developed cytopathogenic effect (cpe) after superinfection with 7 orbiviruses, whereas no cpe was induced by them in the absence of ncp bvdv infection. the cpe was accompanied by the enhanced replication of orbiviruses. seven of 10 strains of ncp bvdv induced the enhanced replication of ibaraki virus, a member of orbivirus. these 7 strains of ncp bvdv were end phenomenon positive. in contrast, t ... | 1995 | 8519897 |
| synthesis of bluetongue virus chimeric vp3 molecules and their interactions with vp7 protein to assemble into virus core-like particles. | bluetongue virus (btv) core-like particles (clps) are formed in the cytoplasm of insect cells when only two major proteins (vp3 and vp7) of the btv core are expressed by baculovirus vectors (t. j. french and p. roy, 1990, j. virol. 64, 1530-1536). we have recently reported that five small internal deletion mutants of vp3 form clps when provided with unmodified vp7 protein (d1-5; s. tanaka and p. roy, 1994, j. virol. 68, 2795-2802). to investigate whether foreign sequences can be inserted into vp ... | 1995 | 8553561 |
| [tick-transmitted arbovirus in maghreb]. | the problem of arbovirus infections in maghreb has been relatively neglected in the pst in spite of a rich diversity of biotopes, the presence of potential reservoirs and vectors, and their position on the flight path of the palearctic-african bird migration systems, western branch. moreover, west nile virus has been isolated from southern algeria since 1968. from 1979 to 1989, ticks were collected from wild birds, pigeons, bats, rodents, poultry, camels, wild boars, domestic mammals and man, an ... | 1995 | 8555772 |
| identification of a short domain within the non-structural protein ns2 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus that is important for single strand rna-binding activity. | the role that a conserved amino acid motif, found in the non-structural protein ns2 of orbiviruses, plays in the interaction of this protein with single stranded (ss) rna was investigated by mutation analysis of the ns2 of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus. an ns2 mutant in which this motif (amino acids 75 to 83) was deleted was expressed in spodoptera frugiperda cells by a recombinant baculovirus and found to be unable to bind to poly(u)-sepharose. the deletion mutant also differed from wild ... | 1996 | 8558121 |
| salt- and ph-dependent hemagglutination with kasba virus, a member of the palyam serogroup of the genus orbivirus. | kasba virus grown in bhk21-wi2 cells was tested for hemagglutination (ha) with erythrocytes of a variety of species at 4 degrees c, 25 degrees c and 37 degrees c. ha was observed at all temperatures with cattle, sheep and goat but not with swine, chicken, and goose erythrocytes. the ha was dependent on not only the nacl concentration but also the ph of the diluent. the ha titer significantly improved by increasing the nacl molarity to 0.6 m and standardizing ph to 7.5. the ha titer was 16- or 32 ... | 1995 | 8568642 |
| orbivirus structure and assembly. | orbiviruses (reoviridae family) are complex nonenveloped rna viruses with seven structural proteins and a rna genome consisting of 10 variously sized double-stranded rna segments. significant advances in orbivirus research have been made in recent years through the use of gene manipulation techniques coupled with the baculovirus expression system. several orbivirus proteins have yielded to crystallization and x-ray crystallographic structure determination and, when combined with the three-dimens ... | 1996 | 8614976 |
| crystal structure of the top domain of african horse sickness virus vp7: comparisons with bluetongue virus vp7. | the baculovirus-expressed core protein vp7 of african horse sickness virus serotype 4 (ahsv-4) has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized in the presence of 2.8 m urea. the x-ray structure has been solved to a 2.3-angstroms (1 angstrom = 0.1 nm) resolution with an rfactor of 19.8%. the structure of ahsv vp7 reveals that during crystallization, the two-domain protein is cleaved and only the top domain remains. a similar problem was encountered previously with bluetongue virus (btv) vp7 (wh ... | 1996 | 8648715 |
| expression of the major core structural protein (vp7) of bluetongue virus, by a recombinant capripox virus, provides partial protection of sheep against a virulent heterotypic bluetongue virus challenge. | a recombinant capripox virus was constructed containing a cdna copy of genome segment 7 of bluetongue virus (btv) serotype 1 from south africa (btv 1sa), which expressed high levels of the major btv core protein vp7 in infected lamb testis (lt) cells. sheep vaccinated with this recombinant virus developed antibodies to vp7 (detected by elisa) but no neutralizing antibodies to either the homologous or heterologous btv serotype, prior to challenge (btv 1 or btv 3, respectively). following challeng ... | 1996 | 8659119 |
| detection of bluetongue virus and african horsesickness virus in co-infected cell cultures with ns1 gene probes. | the serogroup specificity of the bluetongue virus (btv) ns1 and vp3 gene probes was confirmed by means of northern blot hybridization. under high-stringency conditions both probes hybridized to 22 btv serotypes (18 south african serotypes, btv3 from cyprus and btv16 from pakistan) but not to serotypes that originate from australia and india. furthermore, ns1 gene probes of btv and african horsesickness virus (ahsv) were used in a dot-spot in situ hybridization procedure to differentiate between ... | 1995 | 8668318 |
| evidence that two distinct populations of rabbit anti-idiotypic antibodies are induced by three monoclonal antibodies specific for bluetongue virus core protein vp7. | three groups of anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id or ab2), designated rab2-a, rab2-b1, and rab2-b2, were isolated from rabbit antiserum raised against three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) (m1875, m1877, and m1886) specific for the bluetongue virus core protein, vp7. rab2-a was specific for the idiotype of m1875. rab2-b1 and rab2-b2, isolated through the m1877 and m1886 affinity columns, respectively, were directed against the common idiotype that is shared by m1877 and m1886 and therefore classif ... | 1996 | 8709865 |
| site-specific mutations in the ns2 protein of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus markedly affect the formation of cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. | the importance of a conserved amino acid motif in the nonstructural protein ns2 of different orbiviruses was investigated with regard to virus inclusion body (vib) formation. a number of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus ns2 deletion and substitution mutants were prepared and expressed as baculovirus recombinants. deletion of the motif or substitution of at least three residues within the region, had a detrimental effect on vib formation in insect cells. furthermore, these ns2 mutants were no ... | 1996 | 8712931 |
| induction of antibodies to the bluetongue virus core polypeptide vp7 in sheep by internal image rabbit antiidiotypic antibodies. | we previously generated rabbit polyclonal antiidiotypic antibody (anti-id) to a murine monoclonal antibody (m1875) specific for the bluetongue virus core protein vp7, and demonstrated that this anti-id (designated rab2-a) had the characteristics of an internal image anti-id (ab2 beta). in this communication, rab2-a was used to induce immune responses in sheep and the responses were compared to immunization with vp7. the immune sera were tested for the presence of anti-vp7 antibodies and the expr ... | 1996 | 8733918 |
| arbovirus surveillance in italy. | a high number of different arboviruses have been demonstrated to be present in italy, due to the coexistence of climates that are characteristic of continental areas in the north of the country and of subtropical areas in the south. viruses circulating in central europe, such as the tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus, are present in central and northern regions, whereas viruses circulating in mediterranean areas, such as the sandfly fever viruses are present in central and southern italy. virus ... | 1995 | 8778650 |
| a blocking elisa for detection of antibody to a subgroup-reactive epitope of african horsesickness viral protein 7 (vp7) using a novel gamma-irradiated antigen. | a novel gamma irradiated inactivated cell culture derived african horsesickness viral (ahsv) antigen was used in a blocking elisa (b-elisa) for detecting antibody to a subgroup-reactive epitope of ahsv. a monoclonal antibody (mab), class igm, against an epitope on african horsesickness (ahs) viral protein 7 (vp7) was developed in balbc mice and used in the b-elisa. the mab, designated f9h, was blocked by 69 serums from equidae with antibody to ahs, but its binding activity was not appreciably af ... | 1996 | 8784514 |
| antibodies to bluetongue and related orbiviruses in sheep and goats in bluetongue virus-endemic areas of northern and central queensland. | | 1995 | 8787524 |
| sensitive plaque assay and propagation of chuzan (kasba) virus, a palyam serogroup orbivirus, in bhk-21 cells. | various factors influencing plaque formation of chuzan virus in bhk-21 cell monolayers were studied and a practical method for plaque assay was developed. on addition of trypsin (5 micrograms/ml) and/or diethylaminoethyl (deae)-dextran (50 micrograms/ml) to the virus diluent as the virus adsorption medium and agar overlay medium, the number of plaques increased. when 100 micrograms/ ml deae-dextran was added to the diluent and overlay medium, plaques were produced in about 10-fold higher numbers ... | 1996 | 8794695 |
| phylogenetic comparison of the serotype-specific vp2 protein of bluetongue and related orbiviruses. | regions of the vp2 gene from various bluetongue virus serotypes were sequenced and phylogenetic comparisons were performed. the sequences were characteristic for each btv serotype and isolates of the same serotype could be grouped geographically, mimicking the topotyping characteristics of btv vp3 gene sequences. pcr amplification and sequence analysis were used to show the close relationship between caribbean btv isolates and south african btv isolates of the same serotype. similarly, australia ... | 1995 | 8837885 |
| biological mimicry of the bluetongue virus core protein vp7 by rabbit anti-idiotype. | a subpopulation of rabbit polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (anti-id) was previously produced to a murine monoclonal antibody (mab) (m1875) specific for the bluetongue virus core protein vp7. in this report, mimicry of vp7 by this anti-id (designated rab2-a) was functionally analyzed through immunization of balb/c mice with rab2-a or purified vp7. animals immunized with rab2-a were able to produce an m1875-like ab3 antibody response with idiotype and epitope specificity resembling that of m1875 ... | 1996 | 8839429 |
| characterisation of wongorr virus, an australian orbivirus. | sequence analyses of vp3 gene segments of wongorr virus isolates from the northern territory of australia were compared with the cognate gene segments from picola and paroo river viruses. previous serological investigations had demonstrated some relationships between these viruses, however vp3 gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses placed these viruses within the same serogroup which was distinct from other described orbivirus serogroups. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for the ... | 1996 | 8879140 |
| experimental infection of culicoides lahillei (diptera: ceratopogonidae) with epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 2 (orbivirus: reoviridae). | to evaluate the vector competence of culicoides lahillei lutz for epizootic hemorrhagic disease (ehd) viruses, wild-caught females were allowed to feed on 4 viremic white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus zimmermann, experimentally infected with ehd virus serotype 2 (ehdv-2). colonized c. variipennis sonorensis (coquillett) were included as a positive control. virus was not isolated from 13 c. lahillei tested 4-15 d after feeding on deer with viremias of 3.0 or <2.1 log10 tissue culture infect ... | 1996 | 8906914 |
| evaluation of recombinant bluetongue virus antigens, using dot immunobinding assay with serum from sheep and cattle. | to evaluate 2 genetically engineered group-specific antigens: baculovirus- and yeast-expressed vp7 and the conventionally produced group-specific antigen of bluetongue virus (btv), using dot immunobinding assay (dia). sample population and procedure: a total of 260 serum samples of sheep and cattle from various livestock farms in different indian states (eg, haryana, himachal pradesh, jammu and kashmir, punjab, and rajasthan) were tested for the presence of btv antibodies by dia. | 1996 | 8915428 |