| expression of tobacco necrosis virus open reading frames 1 and 2 is sufficient for the replication of satellite tobacco necrosis virus. | tobacco necrosis virus (tnv) is a small icosahedral plant virus which is often associated with satellite viruses. the genomic rna of tnv contains six open reading frames (orfs), of which orfs 1 and 2 are thought to encode the viral polymerase. we demonstrate that tobacco protoplasts transfected with a vector containing tnv orfs 1 and 2 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, as well as protoplasts derived from transgenic nicotiana tabacum containing the same gene(s), supp ... | 1995 | 7676634 |
| phytochrome a overexpression in transgenic tobacco. correlation of dwarf phenotype with high concentrations of phytochrome in vascular tissue and attenuated gibberellin levels. | phytochromes are a family of related chromoproteins that regulate photomorphogenesis in plants. ectopic overexpression of the phytochrome a in several plant species has pleiotropic effects, including substantial dwarfing, increased pigmentation, and delayed leaf senescence. we show here that the dwarf response is related to a reduction in active gibberellins (gas) in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) overexpressing oat phytochrome a under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter ... | 1995 | 7716243 |
| expression of soybean nodulin 26 in transgenic tobacco. targeting to the vacuolar membrane and effects on floral and seed development. | nodulin 26 is an integral membrane protein of the symbiosome membrane of nitrogen-fixing soybean nodules. we expressed a nodulin 26 cdna in transgenic tobacco (tn26 tobacco) under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter to study subcellular targeting and the physiological effect(s) of its expression. based on northern and western blots, the expression of nodulin 26 mrna and protein in transgenic plants is high in apical shoot sections, flowers, and stems, low in mature leaves, a ... | 1995 | 7749192 |
| sorbitol synthesis in transgenic tobacco with apple cdna encoding nadp-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. | the apple (malus domestica) cdna encoding nadp-dependent sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (s6pdh) was stably integrated and expressed in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. sr1). expression of the cdna in either a sense or antisense orientation was accomplished using cauliflower mosaic virus regulatory sequences (camv35s). sorbitol synthesis was confirmed by gas-chromatography-mass-spectroscopy (gc-ms). sorbitol concentration in the leaves of the transgenic plants expressing the sense or ... | 1995 | 7757342 |
| a plant basal in vitro system supporting accurate transcription of both rna polymerase ii- and iii-dependent genes: supplement of green leaf component(s) drives accurate transcription of a light-responsive rbcs gene. | an in vitro transcription initiation system has been developed from nuclei of rapidly growing, non-green tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) cultured (by-2) cells. conditions for nuclear extraction and in vitro transcription reaction have been optimized with a tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene, a constitutively expressed gene in by-2 cells. the in vitro system supports accurate transcription of rna polymerase ii-dependent promoters from not only plant genes (tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase gene, cauliflower mo ... | 1995 | 7889933 |
| small cysteine-rich antifungal proteins from radish: their role in host defense. | radish seeds have previously been shown to contain two homologous, 5-kd cysteine-rich proteins designated raphanus sativus-antifungal protein 1 (rs-afp1) and rs-afp2, both of which exhibit potent antifungal activity in vitro. we now demonstrate that these proteins are located in the cell wall and occur predominantly in the outer cell layers lining different seed organs. moreover, rs-afps are preferentially released during seed germination after disruption of the seed coat. the amount of released ... | 1995 | 7780308 |
| phenotypic instability of transgenic tobacco plants and their progenies expressing arabidopsis thaliana small gtp-binding protein genes. | chimeric genes consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, a cdna encoding a small gtp-binding protein from arabidopsis thaliana (ara-2 or ara-4) and the terminator of the nopaline synthase gene were cloned into a binary vector. tobacco leaf tissues were transformed with this plasmid via agrobacterium-mediated transformation. transgenic plants possessing either ara-2 or ara-4 occasionally showed morphological abnormalities in leaves and other organs. however, such alterations were n ... | 1995 | 7891664 |
| transgenic tomato plants expressing the tomato yellow leaf curl virus capsid protein are resistant to the virus. | the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) gene that encodes the capsid protein (v1) was placed under transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and cloned into an agrobacterium ti-derived plasmid and used to transform plants from an interspecific tomato hybrid, lycopersicon esculentum x l. pennellii (f1), sensitive to the tylcv disease. when transgenic f1 plants, expressing the v1 gene, were inoculated with tylcv using whiteflies fed on tylcv-infected plants, they respo ... | 1994 | 7764709 |
| post-transcriptional regulation of nitrate reductase by light is abolished by an n-terminal deletion. | higher plant nitrate reductases (nrs) carry an n-terminal domain whose sequence is not conserved in nrs from other organisms. a gene composed of a full-length tobacco nr cdna with an internal deletion of 168 bp in the 5' end fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and appropriate termination signals was constructed and designated as delta nr. an nr-deficient mutant of nicotiana plumbaginifolia was transformed with this delta nr gene. in transgenic plants expressing this construct, nr ... | 1995 | 7780309 |
| functional analysis of a leucine aminopeptidase from solanum tuberosum l. | a protein encoded by a potato cdna homologous to a leucine aminopeptidase (lap) from bovine lens (hildmann et al. 1992) was expressed in escherichia coli cells and biochemically characterized by hydrolysis of leucine p-nitroanilide. activity was highest under alkaline conditions with an optimum at about ph 10. maximal activities were measured at 65 degrees c. apart from leucine p-nitroanilide the enzyme could also efficiently hydrolyze the p-nitroanilides of arginine and methionine. complete inh ... | 1994 | 7765119 |
| correct processing of the kiwifruit protease actinidin in transgenic tobacco requires the presence of the c-terminal propeptide. | a 355 cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and a tapetum-specific promoter were used to direct the synthesis in tobacco of preproactinidin and a derivative that lacked a c-terminal extension. preproactinidin was processed into a form that migrated identically on protein gels with mature actinidin extracted from kiwifruit. this protein was proteolytically active in vitro, and high-level accumulation of this protein appeared to be detrimental to plant growth. plants expressing an actinidin cdna const ... | 1995 | 7784505 |
| phylogenetic relationships reveal recombination among isolates of cauliflower mosaic virus. | isolates of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) differ in host range and symptomatology. knowledge of their sequence relationships should assist in identifying nucleotide sequences responsible for isolate-specific characters. complete nucleotide sequences of the dnas of eight isolates of camv were aligned and the aligned sequences were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships by maximum likelihood, bootstrapped parsimony, and distance methods. isolates found in north america clustered separately f ... | 1994 | 7807539 |
| expression of a reporter gene is reduced by a ribozyme in transgenic plants. | a chimeric gene encoding a ribozyme under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter was introduced into transgenic tobacco plants. in vivo activity of this ribozyme, which was designed to cleave npt mrna, was previously demonstrated by transient expression assays in plant protoplasts. the ribozyme gene was transferred into transgenic tobacco plants expressing an rbcs-npt chimeric gene as an indicator. five double transformants out of sixteen exhibited a reduction in the amo ... | 1994 | 7808396 |
| modulation of cysteine biosynthesis in chloroplasts of transgenic tobacco overexpressing cysteine synthase [o-acetylserine(thiol)-lyase]. | cysteine synthase [o-acetyl-l-serine(thiol)-lyase, ec 4.2.99.8] (csase), which is responsible for the terminal step of cysteine biosynthesis, catalyzes the formation of l-cysteine from o-acetyl-l-serine (oas) and hydrogen sulfide. three t-dna vectors carrying a spinach (spinacia oleracea) cytoplasmic csase a cdna (k. saito, n. miura, m. yamazaki, h. horano, i. murakoshi [1992] proc natl acad sci usa 89: 8078-8082) were constructed as follows: pcsk3f, cdna driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus ( ... | 1994 | 7824657 |
| a dominant negative mutant of pg13 suppresses transcription from a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s truncated promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. | tga1a and pg13 constitute a family of tobacco basic leucine zipper (bzip) proteins that bind to activating sequence-1 (as-1), which is one of the multiple regulatory cis elements of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. after truncation of the camv 35s promoter down to position -90 (camv 35s [-90] promoter), transcription stringently depends on the presence of as-1, which is recognized by nuclear dna binding proteins called asf-1. the role of the tga1a/pg13 bzip family in the formati ... | 1994 | 7919980 |
| a member of the tomato pto gene family confers sensitivity to fenthion resulting in rapid cell death. | leaves of tomato cultivars that contain the pto bacterial resistance locus develop small necrotic lesions within 24 hr after exposure to fenthion, an organophosphorous insecticide. recently, the pto gene was isolated and shown to be a putative serine/threonine protein kinase. pto is one member of a multigene family that is clustered within a 400-kb region on chromosome 5. here, we report that another member of this gene family, termed fen, is responsible for the sensitivity to fenthion. fen was ... | 1994 | 7827490 |
| functional expression of saccharomyces cerevisiae cyp51a1 encoding lanosterol-14-demethylase in tobacco results in bypass of endogenous sterol biosynthetic pathway and resistance to an obtusifoliol-14-demethylase herbicide inhibitor. | nicotiana tabacum protoplasts have been transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens containing a t-dna in which the gene cyp51a1 encoding lanosterol-14-demethylase (lan14dm) from saccharomyces cerevisiae is under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. two transformants strongly expressed the lan14dm as shown by northern and western experiments. these transgenic calli were killed by lab 170250f (lab) (a phytotoxic fungicide inhibiting both plant obtusifoliol-14-demethylase (o ... | 1995 | 7773307 |
| npk15, a tobacco protein-serine/threonine kinase with a single hydrophobic region near the amino-terminus. | a cdna clone (cnpk15) was isolated from tobacco cells in suspension culture, which encodes a predicted protein kinase of 422 amino acids. the predicted npk15 protein consists of a hydrophobic region near the amino-terminus, a linker domain and the catalytic domain of a protein-serine/threonine kinase in the carboxyl-half. npk15 was not found to be closely related to any reported protein, but its putative catalytic domain shares some structural similarity with those of receptor-like protein kinas ... | 1994 | 7845351 |
| identification of the cauliflower mosaic virus movement protein rna-binding domain. | the in vitro rna-binding activity of the movement protein (p1) of cauliflower mosaic virus was studied after its expression in escherichia coli, purification, and uv-crosslinking to a radioactive probe. it was found that insoluble p1 aggregates were involved in rna-binding activity. a series of deletion mutants were used to identify a domain within p1 required for binding activity. the rna-binding domain is located between amino acids 120 and 197 and includes the region of homology between p1 an ... | 1995 | 7856089 |
| [comparison between hepatitis b virus and cauliflower mosaic virus, which have gap structure in the genomic dna]. | | 1994 | 7856118 |
| targeting the maize t-urf13 product into tobacco mitochondria confers methomyl sensitivity to mitochondrial respiration. | the urf13 protein, which is encoded by the maize mitochondrial t-urf13 gene, is thought to be responsible for pathotoxin and methomyl sensitivity and male sterility. we have investigated whether t-urf13 confers toxin sensitivity and male sterility when expressed in another plant species. the coding sequence of t-urf13 was fused to a mitochondrial targeting presequence, placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and introduced into tobacco by agrobacterium tumefaciens- ... | 1995 | 7862654 |
| expression of the escherichia coli faba gene encoding beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase and transport to chloroplasts in transgenic tobacco. | the faba gene of escherichia coli encodes beta-hydroxydecanoyl thioester dehydrase (hddase), a pivotal enzyme in the biosynthesis of the unsaturated fatty acid cis-vaccenic acid, through the anaerobic pathway. this enzyme is specific to bacterial fatty acid biosynthetic pathways, although other enzymes for fatty acid synthesis are very similar in plants and bacteria. we constructed chimaeric plant expression vectors, pfab21 and pfab22, carrying the faba gene under the transcriptional control of ... | 1995 | 7881463 |
| expression of mouse metallothionein-i gene confers cadmium resistance in transgenic tobacco plants. | transgenic tobacco plants containing a mouse metallothionein-i (mt-i) gene fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv 35s) promoter and nopaline synthase (nos) polyadenylation site were obtained by transforming tobacco leaf discs with an agrobacterium tumefaciens strain carrying the chimaeric gene. transformants were directly selected and rooted on medium containing cadmium and kanamycin. a total of 49 individual transgenic tobacco plants were regenerated. among them 20% showed a very high ... | 1994 | 8111036 |
| control of gene expression in plant cells using a 434:vp16 chimeric protein. | the herpes simplex virus type 1 vp16 polypeptide is a potent trans-activator of viral gene expression. we have tested the ability of the vp16 activation domain to activate gene expression in plant cells. a plasmid encoding a translational fusion between the full-length 434 repressor and the c-terminal 80 amino acids of vp16, was constructed. when expressed in escherichia coli, the chimeric protein binds efficiently to 434-binding motifs (operators). for expression in plant cells, the chimeric ac ... | 1994 | 8111039 |
| signaling among neighboring plants and the development of size inequalities in plant populations. | transgenic tobacco plants that express an oat phytochrome gene (phya) under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and display altered photophysiology were used to test the role of light as a vehicle of information in dominance relationships between neighboring plants. compared with the isogenic wild type, phya-overexpressing plants showed dramatically reduced morphological responsivity to changes in the red/far red ratio of the incident light and to the proximity of neighbo ... | 1994 | 7937843 |
| a novel ti-plasmid-convertible lambda phage vector system suitable for gene isolation by genetic complementation of arabidopsis thaliana mutants. | a new lambda phage vector system, lambda ti, has been constructed to facilitate genetic complementation of higher plant mutations. the lambda ti vectors are stable, and by using the cre-lox site-specific recombination, are automatically convertible into ti-plasmid binary vectors which are capable of expressing genes in higher plants. two lambda ti vectors were constructed: (i) lambda ti1, which can generate a ti-plasmid that contains the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and is suitab ... | 1995 | 7773312 |
| overexpression of the prosystemin gene in transgenic tomato plants generates a systemic signal that constitutively induces proteinase inhibitor synthesis. | tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum, var. better boy) were stably transformed with a gene consisting of the open reading frame of a prosystemin cdna under the regulation of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the leaves of the transgenic plants constitutively produced proteinase inhibitor i and ii proteins, which accumulated over time to levels exceeding 1 mg/g of dry leaf weight. this phenotype contrasts with that of untransformed plants, which produce proteinase inhibitor proteins in ... | 1994 | 7937894 |
| replication intermediates of rice tungro bacilliform virus dna support a replication mechanism involving reverse transcription. | rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv) replication intermediates have been studied in rice plants infected with the virus. unencapsidated virus-specific molecules were identified which had open circular, linear, supercoiled (sc), strong-stop, single-stranded, linear double-stranded hairpin, and double-stranded with single-stranded extension dna forms. the structures of these different dna forms were consistent with the replication model of cauliflower mosaic virus and support other results that re ... | 1994 | 7941330 |
| a chimeric gene encoding the methionine-rich 2s albumin of the brazil nut (bertholletia excelsa h.b.k.) is stably expressed and inherited in transgenic grain legumes. | the coding region of the 2s albumin gene of brazil nut (bertholletia excelsa h.b.k.) was completely synthesized, placed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and inserted into the binary vector plasmid pgsgluc1, thus giving rise to pgsgluc1-2s. this was used for transformation of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. petit havanna) and of the grain legume vicia narbonensis l., mediated by the supervirulent agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha 101. putative transformants w ... | 1994 | 8159174 |
| 5'-leader of a photosystem i gene in nicotiana sylvestris, psadb, contains a translational enhancer. | messenger rna primary structures responsible for translational efficiency of a photosystem i gene, psadb, of nicotiana sylvestris were studied using a transgenic tobacco system. the entire 5'-leader (23 base pairs) with the first four amino acid codons of the protein coding region was fused in frame with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene under the control of the 35 s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). this construct (camv::psadb-gus') was introduced into tobacco. gus activity and gus m ... | 1995 | 7759489 |
| the chlorella virus adenine methyltransferase gene promoter is a strong promoter in plants. | an upstream region isolated from a eukaryotic algal virus adenine methyltransferase gene was tested for promoter function in plants. fusion of this region to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene resulted in significantly higher expression than fusion with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. strong levels of expression were also found in electroporated monocot plant cells. the promoter activity in transgenic tobacco plants showed tissue-specific expression. leaves had the hi ... | 1994 | 7948908 |
| the presequence of a precursor to the delta-subunit of sweet potato mitochondrial f1atpase is not sufficient for the transport of beta-glucuronidase (gus) into mitochondria of tobacco, rice and yeast cells. | a precursor to the delta-subunit of sweet potato mitochondrial f1atpase (pre-f1 delta) has an amino-terminal (n-terminal) presequence of 45 amino acid residues and its n-terminal 18 residues may form an amphiphilic alpha-helix, which is typical of mitochondrial targeting signals [kimura et al. (1990) j. biol. chem. 265: 6079]. fusion genes consisting of sequences that encoded the 25 (dg25), 46 (dg46) and 73 (dg73) n-terminal amino acids from pre-f1 delta fused to the n-terminus of the coding seq ... | 1993 | 8199776 |
| versatile transformation vectors to assay the promoter activity of dna elements in plants. | a convenient vector system was developed to evaluate transcriptional promoter activities in plants. two primary vectors, optionally containing the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s -47 or -90 minimal promoters, offer multiple sites for cloning the sequence of interest upstream from the beta-glucuronidase gene (gusa). the promoter-gusa cassette can be transferred to a binary vector containing the selectable neomycin phosphotransferase ii-encoding gene (nptii) next to the left border. in additio ... | 1994 | 7959020 |
| herbicide-resistant tobacco plants expressing the fused enzyme between rat cytochrome p4501a1 (cyp1a1) and yeast nadph-cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase. | transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv xanthi) plants expressing a genetically engineered fused enzyme between rat cytochrome p4501a1 (cyp1a1) and yeast nadph-cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase were produced. the expression plasmid pgfc2 for the fused enzyme was constructed by insertion of the corresponding cdna into the expression vector png01 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and nopaline synthase gene terminator. the fused enzyme cdna was integrated into tobacco gen ... | 1994 | 7972515 |
| an auxin-inducible element in soybean saur promoters. | the soybean saur (small auxin-up rna) genes are transcriptionally induced by exogenous auxins within a few minutes after hormone application. this response is specifically induced by auxins primarily in epidermal and cortical cells within elongation zones of hypocotyls and epicotyls. we have previously shown that an 832-bp soybean saur promoter/beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene fusion is responsive to auxin in transgenic tobacco plants (y. li, g. hagen, t.j. guilfoyle [1991] plant cell 3: 1 ... | 1994 | 7972520 |
| seed-specific gene activation mediated by the cre/lox site-specific recombination system. | the cre/lox site-specific recombination system was used to activate a transgene in a tissue-specific manner. cre-mediated activation of a beta-glucuronidase marker gene, by removal of a lox-bounded blocking fragment, allowed the visualization of the activation process. by using seed-specific promoters, the timing and efficiency of gene activation could be followed within the developing tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) embryo. to serve as a basis for analyzing gene expression after-cre-mediated activa ... | 1994 | 7991679 |
| posttranslational modification of an isoinhibitor from the potato proteinase inhibitor ii gene family in transgenic tobacco yields a peptide with homology to potato chymotrypsin inhibitor i. | a member of the potato proteinase inhibitor ii (ppi-ii) gene family under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter has been introduced into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). purification of the ppi-ii protein that accumulates in transgenic tobacco has confirmed that the n-terminal signal sequence is removed and that the inhibitor accumulates as a protein of the expected size (21 kd). however, a smaller peptide of approximately 5.4 kd has also been identified as a foreign gene product ... | 1994 | 7991688 |
| overexpression of arabidopsis cop1 results in partial suppression of light-mediated development: evidence for a light-inactivable repressor of photomorphogenesis. | arabidopsis seedlings are genetically endowed with the capability to follow two distinct developmental programs: photomorphogenesis in the light and skotomorphogenesis in darkness. the regulatory protein constitutive photo-morphogenic1 (cop1) has been postulated to act as a repressor of photomorphogenesis in the dark because loss-of-function mutations of cop1 result in dark-grown seedlings phenocopying the light-grown wild-type seedlings. in this study, we tested this working model by overexpres ... | 1994 | 7994173 |
| the plant transcription factor tga1 stimulates expression of the camv 35s promoter in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | we have previously shown that two cre elements situated on a 31 bp region of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter activate gene expression in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and are regulated by camp. studies with the yeast transcription factors gcn4, sko1 and yap1, which bind cre-like sequences, showed no influence on expression of the 35s promoter indicating that a yet unknown factor is involved in activation. band shift experiments with the 31 bp promoter region revealed bindin ... | 1994 | 8018880 |
| co-suppression of nitrate reductase host genes and transgenes in transgenic tobacco plants. | constructs carrying the entire or part of the tobacco nitrate reductase cdna (nia) cloned between the promoter and terminator sequences of the 35s rna of the cauliflower mosaic virus were introduced into tobacco, in an attempt to improve nitrate assimilation. several transgenic plants that had elevated nia mrna and nitrate reductase (nr) activity were obtained. in addition, a few plants that exhibited a chlorotic phenotype characteristic of nr-deficient mutants were also obtained. one of these p ... | 1994 | 8028577 |
| identification of a light-responsive region of the nuclear gene encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we report here the identification of a cis-acting region involved in light regulation of the nuclear gene (gapb) encoding the b subunit of chloroplast glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana. our results show that a 664-bp gapb promoter fragment is sufficient to confer light induction and organ-specific expression of the escherichia coli beta-glucuronidase reporter gene (gus) in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants. deletion analysis indicates that the -261 to ... | 1994 | 8029358 |
| soybean gh3 promoter contains multiple auxin-inducible elements. | the soybean gh3 gene is transcriptionally induced in a wide variety of tissues and organs within minutes after auxin application. to determine the sequence elements that confer auxin inducibility to the gh3 promoter, we used gel mobility shift assays, methylation interference, deletion analysis, linker scanning, site-directed mutagenesis, and gain-of-function analysis with a minimal cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. we identified at least three sequence elements within the gh3 promoter that ... | 1994 | 8038604 |
| the rolc promoter of agrobacterium rhizogenes ri plasmid is activated by sucrose in transgenic tobacco plants. | the 5'-upstream region of the rolc gene of the ri plasmid is expressed specifically in phloem cells of transgenic higher plants. in this study, we demonstrated that the rolc promoter is activated by sucrose in phloem cells of transgenic tobacco seedlings bearing rolc promoter-uida chimeric fusion gene. since the rolc promoter is not activated by sorbitol, sucrose metabolism rather than osmotic pressure exerted by the disaccharide may be responsible for induction. thus, experiments using 5'-upstr ... | 1994 | 8041357 |
| controlled expression of plastid transgenes in plants based on a nuclear dna-encoded and plastid-targeted t7 rna polymerase. | phage t7 rna polymerase has been used extensively in escherichia coli for high-level expression of selected genes placed under the control of the phage t7 gene 10 promoter. we have constructed an analogous system for use in plastids of higher plants. a t7 rna polymerase chimeric gene containing a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a tobacco ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small-subunit chloroplast transit-peptide sequence was introduced into tobacco by nuclear transformation. ... | 1994 | 8041784 |
| immediate early transcription activation by salicylic acid via the cauliflower mosaic virus as-1 element. | transgenic tobacco plants carrying a number of regulatory sequences derived from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter were tested for their response to treatment with salicylic acid (sa), an endogenous signal involved in plant defense responses. beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene fusions with the full-length (-343 to +8) 35s promoter or the -90 truncation were found to be induced by sa. time course experiments revealed that, in the continuous presence of sa, the -90 promoter construct (-90 35s-g ... | 1994 | 8061520 |
| ectopic expression of a viral adenine methyltransferase gene in tobacco. | plant genomes contain both methylated adenine and cytosine residues although the roles of these methylations are not well understood. a chlorella virus adenine methyltransferase gene under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in a binary plant transformation vector was expressed both in transgenic tobacco plants and transformed tobacco calli. the transgenic plants as well as transformed calli produced functional adenine methyltransferase enzyme, but the level of expression was hi ... | 1994 | 8086473 |
| interaction between the aphid transmission factor and virus particles is a part of the molecular mechanism of cauliflower mosaic virus aphid transmission. | cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) aphid transmission factor (atf or p18) is presumed to interact with both virus particles and vector mouthparts, thereby mediating virus aphid transmission. we developed a protein-protein binding assay and our results clearly show that virus particles bind strongly and specifically to p18 whether p18 was obtained from plants, a baculovirus expression system, or the pgex-3x escherichia coli expression system. we overproduced, using the pgex-3x expression system, var ... | 1994 | 8090739 |
| modulation of glutamine synthetase gene expression in tobacco by the introduction of an alfalfa glutamine synthetase gene in sense and antisense orientation: molecular and biochemical analysis. | a glutamine synthetase (gs) cdna isolated from an alfalfa cell culture cdna library was found to represent a cytoplasmic gs. the full-length alfalfa gs1 coding sequence, in both sense and antisense orientation and under the transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, was introduced into tobacco. leaves of tobacco plants transformed with the sense construct contained greatly elevated levels of gs transcript and gs polypeptide which assembled into active enzyme. leaves of ... | 1993 | 8094885 |
| cre recombinase-mediated site-specific recombination between plant chromosomes. | we report the use of the bacteriophage p1 cre-lox system for generating conservative site-specific recombination between tobacco chromosomes. two constructs, one containing a promoterless hygromycin-resistance gene preceded by a lox site (lox-hpt) and the other containing a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter linked to a lox sequence and the cre coding region (35s-lox-cre), were introduced separately into tobacco plants. crosses between plants harboring either construct produced plants with th ... | 1994 | 8127869 |
| a visible marker for antisense mrna expression in plants: inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis with a glutamate-1-semialdehyde aminotransferase antisense gene. | glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase [(s)-4-amino-5-oxopentanoate 4,5-aminomutase, ec 5.4.3.8] catalyzes the last step in the conversion of glutamate to delta-aminolevulinate of which eight molecules are needed to synthesize a chlorophyll molecule. two full-length cdna clones that probably represent the homeologous gsa genes of the two tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) genomes have been isolated. the deduced amino acid sequences of the 468-residue-long precursor polypeptides differ by 10 amino ac ... | 1994 | 8127872 |
| [molecular genetics and biotechnology in medicinal plants: studies by transgenic plants]. | the advances in molecular genetics and biotechnology in the field of medicinal plant research are discussed with focusing on the works using transgenic plants. differentiated organ cultures and transgenic teratomas, incited by the infection with mutants of agrobacterium ti and ri plasmids, were established in quinolizidine-alkaloid producing plants and solanaceae plants. these cultured cells were used for the production and bioconversion of specific alkaloids produced in these plants. the method ... | 1994 | 8133455 |
| expression of a human s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase cdna in transgenic tobacco and its effects on polyamine biosynthesis. | s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (samdc; ec 4.1.1.50) is a key regulatory enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. numerous studies have shown that the enzyme activity and polyamine levels are generally correlated with cellular growth in plants, animals and bacteria. in order to gain more insight into the role of polyamines in plants, human samdc cdna under control of 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, along with a neomycin phosphotransferase gene, was transferred to tobacco (nicot ... | 1994 | 8142949 |
| a chlorella virus gene promoter functions as a strong promoter both in plants and bacteria. | an upstream region from an algal virus methyltransferase gene was tested for promoter function in transgenic plants, electroporated monocot protoplasts and bacteria. fusion of the 851 bp upstream region to a reporter gene significantly enhanced the reporter gene expression in transgenic arabidopsis and potato plants and in electroporated maize and sorghum cells relative to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the promoter was also functional in several escherichia coli strains and in three ... | 1994 | 7945358 |
| modification of lignin biosynthesis in transgenic nicotiana through expression of an antisense o-methyltransferase gene from populus. | an aspen lignin-specific o-methyltransferase (bi-omt; s-adenosyl-l-methionine: caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-o-methyltransferase, ec 2.1.1.68) antisense sequence in the form of a synthetic gene containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s gene sequences for enhancer elements, promoter and terminator was stably integrated into the tobacco genome and inherited in transgenic plants with a normal phenotype. leaves and stems of the transgenes expressed the antisense rna and the endogenous tob ... | 1994 | 7948906 |
| a chimaeric tryptophan decarboxylase gene as a novel selectable marker in plant cells. | a novel selection system for plant genetic transformation was developed based on the enzyme tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc; ec 4.1.1.28) from catharanthus roseus. this enzyme converts the toxic tryptophan analogue 4-methyl tryptophan (4-mt) into the non-toxic compound 4-methyl tryptamine. expression of tdc in transgenic plants that have no endogenous tdc-activity allows selection on 4-mt. a vector was constructed containing a tdc cdna clone under control of the constitutively expressed cauliflowe ... | 1993 | 8358036 |
| s1f binding site is related to but different from the light-responsive gt-1 binding site and differentially represses the spinach rps1 promoter in transgenic tobacco. | nuclear genes encoding plastid ribosomal proteins are more highly expressed in leaves than in roots. this leaf-specific induction seems to be light-independent. we have previously characterized a spinach nuclear factor s1f binding to a cis-element within the rps1 promoter, which negatively regulates both the rps1 and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoters in transient expression assays. here, we show that the s1f binding site is related to but different from the light-responsive box ii of th ... | 1994 | 8206981 |
| increased production of cadaverine and anabasine in hairy root cultures of nicotiana tabacum expressing a bacterial lysine decarboxylase gene. | several hairy root cultures of nicotiana tabacum varieties, carrying two direct repeats of a bacterial lysine decarboxylase (ldc) gene controlled by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter expressed ldc activity up to 1 pkat/mg protein. such activity was, for example, sufficient to increase cadaverine levels of the best line sr3/1-k1,2 from ca. 50 micrograms (control cultures) to about 700 micrograms/g dry mass. some of the overproduced cadaverine of this line was used for the formation ... | 1993 | 8219043 |
| plant viral leaders influence expression of a reporter gene in tobacco. | in order to optimise expression of a foreign protein in transgenic plants we investigated the potential benefits of including a viral untranslated leader sequence within a plant transformation vector. a variety of 5 leaders, including the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) leader sequence and 31 nucleotides of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna leader, were compared. viral leader constructs employing the 35s promoter and the reporter beta-glucuronidase (gus) were tested by electroporation into ... | 1993 | 8219060 |
| accumulation of type i fish antifreeze protein in transgenic tobacco is cold-specific. | expression of fish antifreeze protein (afp) genes in plants is a possible means of increasing their frost resistance and freeze tolerance. initial work involved transfer into tobacco of an afp gene from winter flounder which codes for the alanine-rich, alpha-helical type i afp. plants were transformed with a gene construct in which the preproafp cdna was inserted between the cauliflower mosaic virus 19s rna promoter and the nopaline synthetase polyadenylation site. although transgenic plants pro ... | 1993 | 8219071 |
| tobacco plants transformed with cdc25, a mitotic inducer gene from fission yeast. | we investigated the effects of expressing a cdna of cdc25, a mitotic inducer gene of schizosaccharomyces pombe, on the development of transgenic tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum cv. samsun). nine independent primary transformants were regenerated containing the cdc25 sequence under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus 35s gene promoter. eight of the nine plants showed altered leaf morphology, the lamina being lengthened and twisted and the interveinal regions being pocketed. one of these w ... | 1993 | 8219080 |
| expression of the alpha-thionin gene from barley in tobacco confers enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. | thionins are cysteine-rich, 5 kda polypeptides which are toxic to plant pathogens in vitro. expression of the gene encoding alpha-thionin from barley endosperm, under the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus, conferred to transgenic tobacco enhanced resistance to the bacterial plant pathogens pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 153 and p. syringae pv. syringae. the barley alpha-thionin gene, which has two introns, was correctly spliced in tobacco. the alpha-thionin in transgenic plants had the ... | 1993 | 8220454 |
| analysis of three tissue-specific elements from the wheat cab-1 enhancer. | the genes encoding the major light-harvesting antenna chlorophyll a/b-binding protein (cab) of higher plants are regulated by light at the transcriptional level. in addition, their expression is largely restricted to photosynthetically competent organs such as leaves. a 268 bp fragment of the cab-1 promoter from wheat functions as a light-responsive and organ-specific enhancer in transgenic tobacco. using dnase i footprinting, four different regions have been mapped (cab1-a, cab1-b, cab1-c and c ... | 1993 | 8220458 |
| specificity of a promoter from the rice tungro bacilliform virus for expression in phloem tissues. | the major promoter region for the transcription of the genome of rice tungro bacilliform virus (rtbv), a newly described badnavirus, has been identified. fragments of the rtbv genome upstream of the site of transcription initiation were isolated and tested for promoter activity using a beta-glucuronidase receptor gene (gusa). assays of transient gusa expression were performed following introduction of the chimeric gene into protoplasts via electroporation. the chimeric rtbv-promoter: gusa gene w ... | 1993 | 8220476 |
| high level expression of the activator transposase gene inhibits the excision of dissociation in tobacco cotyledons. | a fusion of the strong cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter to the activator (ac) transposase (tpase) gene does not trigger excision of dissociation (ds) continuously during tobacco cotyledon development, although once activated, the 35s promoter remains active throughout embryogeny. epistasis studies where 35s:tpase is in trans with later-acting fusions indicate that transient effectiveness for excision results from this fusion inhibiting its own action and that of other tpase sources. inhibit ... | 1993 | 8221890 |
| mrna amplification system by viral replicase in transgenic plants. | we have constructed transgenic tobacco plants (m1x2-fcp2ifn plants) expressing viral rna replication genes of brome mosaic virus (bmv) and bmv rna3 derivative (fcp2ifn) carrying the human gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) gene. in m1x2-fcp2ifn plants the rna3 derivative expressed from the integrated cdna was replicated and subgenomic rna (i.e. mrna of ifn-gamma) was produced by bmv replicase. the accumulation level of the mrna of ifn-gamma was approximately 5-fold higher than that by the cauliflower ... | 1993 | 8262204 |
| differential gene expression in nematode-induced feeding structures of transgenic plants harbouring promoter-gusa fusion constructs. | sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes are able to induce specialized feeding structures in the root system of their host plants by triggering a series of dramatic cellular responses. these changes presumably are accompanied by a reprogramming of gene expression. to monitor such changes, a variety of promoter-gusa fusion constructs were introduced into arabidopsis and tobacco. transgenic plants were analysed histochemically for gus activity in the nematode feeding structures after infection with ei ... | 1993 | 8275103 |
| two binding sites for the plant transcription factor asf-1 can respond to auxin treatments in transgenic tobacco. | the hormone, auxin, plays an important role in the differentiation and growth of plant cells. a number of auxin-responsive genes have been characterized but until now minimal auxin-responsive cis-elements within these promoter regions have not been identified. here we show that two related dna sequences of 21 base pairs can respond to auxin treatment in transgenic tobacco. in contrast, treatments with cytokinin or abscisic acid do not cause any apparent increase in promoter activity of these cis ... | 1994 | 8276868 |
| saturation mutagenesis of a polyadenylation signal reveals a hexanucleotide element essential for mrna 3' end formation in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | the cis-acting signal sequences required for mrna 3' end formation are highly conserved and well characterized in higher eukaryotes. however, the situation in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae is still unclear. several sequences have been proposed which share only limited similarities. one difficulty in identifying yeast polyadenylylation signals might be the presence of redundant signal sequences in the 3' region of yeast genes. to circumvent this problem we have analyzed the heterologous 3' r ... | 1994 | 8278376 |
| superoxide dismutase enhances tolerance of freezing stress in transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). | activated oxygen or oxygen free radicals have been implicated in a number of physiological disorders in plants including freezing injury. superoxide dismutase (sod) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into o2 and h2o2 and thereby reduces the titer of activated oxygen molecules in the cell. to further examine the relationship between oxidative and freezing stresses, the expression of sod was modified in transgenic alfalfa (medicago sativa l.). the mn-sod cdna from nicotiana plumbaginifolia un ... | 1993 | 8290627 |
| localization of light-inducible and tissue-specific regions of the spinach ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) activase promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. | deletions in the spinach rubisco activase (rca) promoter in transgenic tobacco were analyzed to define the regions necessary for conferring light-inducible and tissue-specific expression. transgenic plants were constructed with bal 31 deletions of the rca promoter fused to the coding region of the bacterial reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (gus). analysis of the rca deletion mutants localized the region conferring normal expression downstream from -294 relative to the rca transcription start sit ... | 1993 | 8292778 |
| ubiquitous nuclear proteins bind to 5' upstream region of major kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor gene in winged bean. | winged bean kunitz chymotrypsin inhibitor (wci) accumulates abundantly in seeds and tuberous roots of winged bean plant. in seeds, the wci mrna is observed transiently during seed maturation period. the wci is encoded by a multigene family and the major wci (wci-3) is encoded by two nearly identical genes (wci-3a and wci-3b genes), in which nucleotide sequences in the 1.1 kb 5' flanking regions are about 99% homologous to each other and the transcribed regions are completely identical. here we r ... | 1993 | 8292779 |
| cauliflower mosaic virus isolate cmv-1. | | 1993 | 8310068 |
| production of human gastric lipase in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe. | a cdna encoding human gastric lipase (hgl) has been expressed on multicopy plasmids in the fission yeast schizosaccharomyces pombe (sp). active lipase is secreted from transformants containing the hgl cdna under the control of either the sp adh1 promoter (padh1) or the plant cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. cell-wall-associated lipase activities are greatest in the early logarithmic growth phase and with padh1. western blot analysis indicates that a protein of identical molecular ma ... | 1995 | 8522196 |
| inhibition of tobacco nadh-hydroxypyruvate reductase by expression of a heterologous antisense rna derived from a cucumber cdna: implications for the mechanism of action of antisense rnas. | tobacco plants were genetically transformed to generate antisense rna from a gene construct comprised of a full-length cucumber nadh-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (hpr) cdna placed in reverse orientation between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a nopaline synthase termination/polyadenylation signal sequence. in vivo accumulation of antisense hpr rna within eight independent transgenic tobacco plants resulted in reductions of up to 50% in both native hpr activity and protein ac ... | 1993 | 8316213 |
| transcription from the camv 19 s promoter and autocatalysis of translation from camv rna. | the 19 s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus was analyzed in host protoplasts. in spite of its weakness, it contains a fully functional core promoter. it can be strongly activated by 35 s enhancer elements, even when these elements are located downstream of it, comparable to the situation in the viral genome. the 19 s promoter also contains an element that can strongly enhance expression from a heterologous core promoter. a plasmid expressing the same cat orf from two overlapping transcription ... | 1993 | 8317097 |
| tomato golden mosaic virus leftward gene expression: autoregulation of geminivirus replication protein. | the genome of the geminivirus tomato golden mosaic virus (tgmv) consists of two dna components, designated dna a and dna b. dna a encodes al1, the only viral protein required for dna replication. al1 protein interacts specifically with sequences in the common region that is conserved between the two genome components, near sequences involved in the transcription of complementary sense genes encoding bl1 protein and the al1 protein itself. in the experiments described here, we replaced the al1 an ... | 1993 | 8317105 |
| coat protein-mediated resistance in transgenic tobacco expressing the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein from tissue-specific promoters. | coat protein-mediated resistance (cp-mr) was studied in transgenic nicotiana tabacum 'xanthi nn' and 'xanthi nn' that express chimeric tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) coat protein (cp) gene constructs using two different tissue-specific promoters. the phaseolus vulgaris pal2 promoter leads to gene expression in the upper leaf epidermis and the xylem, while the rolc promoter from agrobacterium rhizogenes leads to gene expression in pholem and leaf hair tip cells. tissue-specific gene expression was ve ... | 1993 | 8324249 |
| redox modulation of the expression of bacterial genes encoding cysteine-rich proteins in plant protoplasts. | activity of neomycin phosphotransferase ii (nptii; gene, neo; five cysteines) in tobacco protoplasts transfected with fusions of the octopine tr2' or cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and the neo gene, with or without a signal peptide, increased up to 8-fold in response to externally added dithiothreitol at concentrations that did not affect protoplast viability (up to 2.5 mm). activity of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat; gene, bar; one cysteine) expressed under control of the tr1' o ... | 1994 | 8171004 |
| overexpression of a tryptophan decarboxylase cdna in catharanthus roseus crown gall calluses results in increased tryptamine levels but not in increased terpenoid indole alkaloid production. | the enzyme tryptophan decarboxylase (tdc) (ec 4.1.1.28) catalyses a key step in the biosynthesis of terpenoid indole alkaloids in c. roseus by converting tryptophan into tryptamine. hardly any tdc mrna could be detected in hormone-independent callus and cell suspension cultures transformed by the oncogenic t-dna of agrobacterium tumefaciens. supply of tryptamine may therefore represent a limiting factor in the biosynthesis of alkaloids by such cultures. to investigate this possibility, chimaeric ... | 1995 | 8589734 |
| transient transformation of arabidopsis leaf protoplasts: a versatile experimental system to study gene expression. | an improved protocol is reported to isolate and transiently transform mesophyll protoplasts of arabidopsis thaliana. transfected leaf protoplasts support high levels of expression of the bacterial reporter gene coding for beta-glucuronidase (gus), under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. transient expression of gus activity was monitored spectrophotometrically and reached a maximum between 18 and 48 h after polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated dna uptake. histochemica ... | 1994 | 8180625 |
| protoplasts transiently expressing the 200k coding sequence of cowpea mosaic virus b-rna support replication of m-rna. | in order to identify the viral polymerase involved in cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) rna replication the 87k, 110k and 170k proteins as well as the complete 200k polyprotein of cpmv b-rna have been produced in cowpea protoplasts, using expression vectors based on the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. cpmv-specific proteins were obtained that were indistinguishable from proteins found in cpmv-infected protoplasts. proteolytic processing of precursor proteins synthesized from the expression ve ... | 1993 | 8409945 |
| two amino acid substitutions in the tomato mosaic virus 30-kilodalton movement protein confer the ability to overcome the tm-2(2) resistance gene in the tomato. | the tm-2(2) resistance gene is used in most commercial tomato cultivars for protection against infection with tobacco mosaic virus and its close relative tomato mosaic virus (tomv). to study the mechanism of this resistance gene, cdna clones encompassing the complete genome of a tomv strain (tomv-2(2)) that was able to break the tm-2(2) resistance were generated. chimeric full-length viral cdna clones were constructed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter, combining ... | 1993 | 8411345 |
| a mutation of cauliflower mosaic virus gene i interferes with virus movement but not virus replication. | a 300-bp deletion was made in gene i of a multimeric copy of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). the deleted and wild-type constructs were mobilized into agrobacterium tumefaciens and used for the inoculation of plants and leaf discs of the host plant, turnip, by "agroinfection." infection induced by the wild-type construct gave characteristic viral symptoms on the inoculated and systemically infected leaves of whole plants whereas no infection was detected using the deletion mutant. the possibilit ... | 1993 | 8421892 |
| biological activity of cauliflower mosaic virus aphid transmission factor expressed in a heterologous system. | aphid transmission factor (atf) activity of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) gene ii product was recovered after expression of the gene by a baculovirus recombinant. the expression product, when first acquired by aphids through parafilm membrane, was able to mediate the transmission of two aphid nontransmissible isolates (cm1841, cm4-184) providing the first direct evidence that the product of the gene ii is the camv atf. the camv atf in its active conformation has a strong tendency to aggregate ... | 1993 | 8421904 |
| an analysis of the complete sequence of a sugarcane bacilliform virus genome infectious to banana and rice. | the genome of sugarcane bacilliform virus (scbv), a badnavirus, consists of a circular dsdna. the complete sequence of a cloned infective scbv genome is reported here. the genome is 7568 bp in size and possesses a number of features suggesting that scbv is a pararetrovirus. a trna(met)-binding site that may serve as a primer for minus-strand synthesis is present. the plus-strand of the scbv genome contains three open reading frames (orfs) which are capable of encoding proteins with calculated m( ... | 1993 | 8423447 |
| a 61 bp enhancer element of the tobacco beta-1,3-glucanase b gene interacts with one or more regulated nuclear proteins. | we show that a 61 bp fragment derived from the promoter region of the tobacco class i beta-1,3-glucanase glb gene enhances transcription in nicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplasts independent of orientation relative to the start of transcription. this fragment leads to a cooperative stimulation of transcription when combined with the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s as-1 enhancer element. the glb enhancer contains two copies of the sequence agccgcc, which is conserved in several genes showing expressi ... | 1993 | 8425042 |
| identification of c-terminal amino acid residues of cauliflower mosaic virus open reading frame iii protein responsible for its dna binding activity. | we cloned in escherichia coli truncated versions of the protein p15 encoded by open reading frame iii of cauliflower mosaic virus. we then compared the ability of the wild-type p15 (129 amino acids) and the deleted p15 to bind viral double-stranded dna genome. deletions of > 11 amino acids in the c-terminal proline-rich region resulted in loss of dna binding activity of wild-type p15. moreover, a point mutation of the proline at position 118 sharply reduced the interaction between the viral prot ... | 1993 | 8434006 |
| defective interfering rna-mediated resistance against cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus in transgenic plants. | defective interfering (di) rna of cymbidium ringspot tombusvirus was cloned downstream from the bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter. in vitro synthesized rna was biologically active when coinoculated with parental genomic rna onto nicotiana benthamiana plants and prevented the occurrence of apical necrosis. n. benthamiana plants were transformed with the di rna sequences in both the positive and negative orientations relative to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. integration of di r ... | 1993 | 8438573 |
| extreme resistance to potato virus x infection in plants expressing a modified component of the putative viral replicase. | three types of mutation were introduced into the sequence encoding the gdd motif of the putative replicase component of potato virus x (pvx). all three mutations rendered the viral genome completely noninfectious when inoculated into nicotiana clevelandii or into protoplasts of nicotiana tabacum (cv. samsun nn). in order to test whether these negative mutations could inactivate the viral genome in trans, the mutant genes were expressed in transformed n.tabacum (cv. samsun nn) under control of th ... | 1993 | 8440232 |
| expression of a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (oryzacystatin-i) in transgenic tobacco plants. | expression of cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cystatins) in tobacco or other plants has the potential for improving resistance against pathogens and insects that possess cysteine proteinases. a chimeric gene containing a cdna clone of rice cystatin (oryzacystatin-i; oc-i), the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, and the nopaline synthase 3' region was introduced into tobacco plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the presence of the chimeric gene in transgenic plants was detected by a polymeras ... | 1993 | 8448364 |
| identification of a methyl jasmonate-responsive domain in the soybean vspb promoter. | soybean vspb encodes a highly expressed vegetative storage protein-acid phosphatase. in soybean, vspb expression is stimulated by methyl jasmonate (meja) and sugars. the vspb promoter was studied by transforming tobacco with fusions of 5' noncoding vspb dna and the gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (gus). constructs containing 833 bp of vspb 5' dna showed high expression of gus in stems, leaf veins and trichomes, sepals, and pollen. sucrose (0.2 m) and meja (10(-5) m) increased gene expression wh ... | 1993 | 8467221 |
| transgenic n. glauca plants expressing bacterial virulence gene virf are converted into hosts for nopaline strains of a. tumefaciens. | tumours are induced by agrobacterium tumefaciens on a variety of plants. the virulence determinants of a. tumefaciens reside on a large tumour-inducing (ti) plasmid. this plasmid carries two regions essential for tumour induction, namely the t region and the vir region. during infection the t region is transferred to the plant cell, where it becomes stably integrated in one of the host chromosomes as t-dna. expression of t-dna leads to the production of the plant hormones auxin and cytokinin, as ... | 1993 | 8479538 |
| modulation of cellular polyamines in tobacco by transfer and expression of mouse ornithine decarboxylase cdna. | in an attempt to modulate the metabolism of polyamines in plants, agrobacterium tumefaciens strains were produced which contained either a full-length or a 3'-truncated mouse ornithine decarboxylase (odc) cdna under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. plants of nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi were used for transformation with these two strains of agrobacterium. transformations were confirmed by southern hybridization and amplification by polymerase chain reaction. two plants c ... | 1993 | 8499611 |
| tobacco mosaic virus infection of transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants is inhibited by antisense constructs directed at the 5' region of viral rna. | antisense (as) versions of two 51-nucleotide (nt) sequences near the 5' end of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna have been shown to inhibit in vitro translation of the adjacent gene that encodes both the 126- and 183-kda proteins. these dna fragments have been cloned into the binary vector, pmon530, such that either the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter or cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter is used to drive synthesis of the corresponding sense and as rnas. transgenic nicotiana tabacum ... | 1993 | 8500765 |
| copper-controllable gene expression system for whole plants. | we describe a system for gene expression in plants based on the regulation mechanism of the yeast metallothionein (mt) gene. the system consists of two elements: (i) the yeast ace1 (activating copper-mt expression) gene encoding a transcription factor under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s rna promoter, and (ii) a gene of interest under control of a chimeric promoter consisting of the 90-base-pair domain a of the camv 35s rna promoter linked to the ace1 transcription factor-bin ... | 1993 | 8506300 |
| field performance and heavy metal concentrations of transgenic flue-cured tobacco expressing a mammalian metallothionein-beta-glucuronidase gene fusion. | cadmium (cd) is a nonessential heavy metal that can cause acute and chronic illness in humans. some plant species such as tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) tend to accumulate high levels of cd in leaf tissue, the consumed portion of the plant. tissue-specific expression of mammalian metallothionein has been suggested as a means of partitioning cd in nonconsumed portions of transgenic plants. the purpose of the experiment reported here was to evaluate cd concentration and agronomic performance of fo ... | 1993 | 8514154 |
| repeated sequences from the arabidopsis thaliana genome function as enhancers in transgenic tobacco. | sixteen segments of arabidopsis thaliana dna that function as enhancers in transgenic tobacco plants were isolated using the proa97 enhancer cloning vehicle and library transformation of nicotiana tabacum. the sequences were compared for at content, homology, repeated motifs, and expression pattern in transgenic n. tabacum. the sequences were average with respect to the at content of a. thaliana dna. they could be placed into seven homology groups. five of the sequences are single-copy sequences ... | 1996 | 8914517 |
| synthesis of a full-length infectious cdna clone of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus and its use in gene exchange experiments with structural proteins from other luteoviruses. | a full-length cdna of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (cabyv) has been constructed and expressed either as an in vitro transcript, under control of a bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase promoter, or in vivo, under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in an agroinfection vector. the biological activity of the cloned cdna was demonstrated by the ability of its in vitro transcript to replicate in protoplasts and of the agroinfection vector to infect agroinoculated plants. virus in th ... | 1995 | 8525610 |
| the sequence surrounding the translation initiation codon of the pea plastocyanin gene increases translational efficiency of a reporter gene. | the 5'-upstream region of the pea plastocyanin gene (pete) directed 5-10-fold higher levels of beta-glucuronidase (gus) activity than the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in transgenic tobacco plants, although the levels of gus mrna were similar. the sequence (aaaaaugg) around the translation initiation codon of pete enhanced translation of the gus mrna 10-fold compared to translation from the gus translation initiation codon in transgenic tobacco plants and transfected protoplasts. | 1995 | 8534858 |
| monocotyledonous c4 nadp(+)-malate dehydrogenase is efficiently synthesized, targeted to chloroplasts and processed to an active form in transgenic plants of the c3 dicotyledon tobacco. | chloroplastic nadp(+)-malate dehydrogenase (cpmdh, ec 1.1.1.82) is a key enzyme in the carbon-fixation pathway of some c4 plants such as the monocotyledons maize or sorghum. we have expressed cpmdh from sorghum vulgare pers. in transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.) (a dicotyledonous c3 plant) by using a gene composed of the sorghum cpmdh cdna under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. high steady-state levels of cpmdh mrna were observed in isogenic dihaploid transgenic tobac ... | 1995 | 8547818 |