| genetic characterization of the unique short segment of phocid herpesvirus type 1 reveals close relationships among alphaherpesviruses of hosts of the order carnivora. | to further characterize phocid herpesvirus type 1 (phhv-1) at the molecular level, a cluster of genes comprising the complete unique short (us) region of phhv-1 has been cloned and sequenced. within this region, orfs were detected that code for the equivalent of the us 2- protein of herpes simplex virus (hsv), a putative protein kinase, and for the glycoprotein equivalents gg, gd, gi and ge. in addition, two small orfs downstream of ge, homologous to the us 8.5 and us 9 proteins of hsv were iden ... | 2003 | 12771410 |
| detection of chlamydophila felis and feline herpesvirus by multiplex real-time pcr analysis. | chlamydophila felis and feline herpesvirus (fhv) are pathogens commonly associated with feline respiratory and ocular disease. a real-time multiplex pcr assay was developed to allow detection of these organisms, together with feline 28s ribosomal dna, in a single tube. of 538 ocular swab samples tested, 123 were positive for fhv, 97 were positive for c. felis, and 16 were positive for both pathogens. | 2003 | 12791917 |
| pre-exposure treatment of cats with anti-fhv-1 and anti-fcv mouse-cat chimeric antibodies. | prior to pre-exposure treatment of cats with two mouse-cat chimeric antibodies, fjh2 and f1d7, having neutralizing activity to feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) and cat calicivirus (fcv), respectively, these chimeric antibodies were labeled with (125)i and administered to cats to examine their blood kinetics. concentrations of the both administered chimeric antibodies in the blood reached maximum at the 48th hour post-administration, and the level was 34% for fjh2 and 54% for f1d7. then the concentra ... | 2003 | 12808206 |
| effects of bovine lactoferrin on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus. | to investigate the effects of bovine lactoferrin on in vitro replication of feline herpes virus (fhv-1) and to determine at what points during viral replication these effects occur. | 2003 | 12950656 |
| experimental infection of recent field isolates of feline herpesvirus type 1. | two field isolates of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) designated as 00-015 and 00-035, were obtained from cats diagnosed as feline viral rhinotracheitis (fvr) in japan. to analyze the character of recent fhv-1, these two isolates and our laboratory strain c7301 were inoculated experimentally to specific-pathogen-free cats. although all cats showed typical fvr symptoms, more severe clinical symptoms were observed on cats infected with the isolates 00-015 and 00-035 compared with those of c7301- ... | 2003 | 12951431 |
| cytopathology of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus in tissue cultures of feline renal cells. | | 1959 | 13675294 |
| growth of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus in cultures of feline renal cells. | | 1960 | 13725570 |
| comparative study of three isolates with the original feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. | | 1960 | 13812638 |
| cytochemical observations on intranuclear inclusion of feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. | | 1963 | 14076875 |
| feline rhinotracheitis virus: a feline herpesvirus. | | 1965 | 14319721 |
| optimization of in situ hybridization protocols for detection of feline herpesvirus 1. | in situ hybridization (ish) protocol including microwaving pre-treatment regimes was developed and compared with protease digestion as a pre-treatment regime for its effects on detecting feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue. we found that optimum results were obtained using microwave pre-treatment. the results showed that the use of microwave irradiation would be recommended as a means of supplementing ish methods, especially when using long-term formalin fixe ... | 2003 | 14532701 |
| a serologic survey of wild felids from central west saudi arabia. | forty-five wildcats (felis silvestris), 17 sand cats (felis margarita), and 17 feral domestic cats were captured in central west saudi arabia, between may 1998 and april 2000, with the aim to assess their exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus/puma lentivirus (fiv/plv), feline leukaemia virus (felv), feline herpesvirus (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline coronavirus (fcov), and feline panleukopenia virus (fplv). serologic prevalence in wildcats, sand cats, and feral domestic cats were r ... | 2003 | 14567233 |
| feline herpesvirus. | feline herpesvirus infection is an extremely common disease and leads to ocular problems in a large percentage of affected cats. feline herpesvirus-1 is maintained within the feline population by ready transmission from cat to cat, ensuring continued exposure of kittens and adults. the virus is similar in structure and pathogenicity to herpes simplex virus in humans. both viruses are members of the family herpes-viridae and subfamily alphaherpesviridae. the hallmark of this family of herpesvirus ... | 2003 | 14604092 |
| detection of novel chlamydiae in cats with ocular disease. | to detect and characterize the full range of chlamydial infections in cats with ocular disease by use of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays, cytologic examination, immunohistochemical analysis, and evaluation of clinical information including status for feline herpesvirus-1 (fehv-1). | 2003 | 14620780 |
| prevalence of chlamydophila felis and feline herpesvirus 1 in cats with conjunctivitis in northern italy. | the prevalence of chlamydophila felis and feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) infection in cats with conjunctivitis in northern italy was investigated by conventional polymerase chain reaction (pcr) testing. in cats with conjunctivitis, c felis and fhv-1 were detected in 14 of 70 (20%) and in 23 of 70 (33%) animals, respectively. none of the 35 control cats were positive for c felis, whereas 7 (20%) of these cats were positive for fhv-1. mixed infections were present in 5 of 70 cats (7%). cats positive ... | 2003 | 14658715 |
| duration of serologic response to three viral antigens in cats. | to determine whether vaccinated cats either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination against 3 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination. | 2004 | 14710877 |
| genetic rearrangements in the gc gene of the feline herpesvirus type 1. | in the field isolate, 91-58, of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1), one of the major immunogenic proteins was found to have different molecular masses of 75 and 130 kda from those in the other field isolates (maeda et al., j vet med sci 57, 147-150, 1995). immunoblot analysis using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) indicated that the protein is glycoprotein c (gc). the gc gene of 91-58 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and shown to have an inserted fragment of approximately 160 base pai ... | 2004 | 14739651 |
| development of a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay to detect feline herpesvirus-1 latency-associated transcripts in the trigeminal ganglia and corneas of cats that did not have clinical signs of ocular disease. | to develop a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay to detect feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) latency-associated transcripts (lats) in the corneas and trigeminal ganglia of cats that did not have clinical signs of ocular disease. | 2004 | 15027679 |
| superinfection prevents recombination of the alphaherpesvirus bovine herpesvirus 1. | homologous recombination between strains of the same alphaherpesvirus species occurs frequently both in vitro and in vivo. this process has been described between strains of herpes simplex virus type 1, herpes simplex virus type 2, pseudorabies virus, feline herpesvirus 1, varicella-zoster virus, and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bohv-1). in vivo, the rise of recombinant viruses can be modulated by different factors, such as the dose of the inoculated viruses, the distance between inoculation sites, the ... | 2004 | 15047803 |
| in vitro efficacy of ganciclovir, cidofovir, penciclovir, foscarnet, idoxuridine, and acyclovir against feline herpesvirus type-1. | to establish the in vitro efficacy of 4 novel drugs (ie, ganciclovir, cidofovir, penciclovir, and foscarnet) against feline herpesvirus type-1 (fhv-1) and compare their antiviral efficacy with that of acyclovir and idoxuridine. | 2004 | 15077679 |
| common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. | the purpose of this study was to determine the origin and subsequent spread of feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and feline enteric coronavirus (fecv) in cats relinquished to shelters. fcv was isolated from the oral fauces of 11% of healthy cats upon entry, and isolation rates were highest for kittens (33%). fhv shedding was very low (4%) at the time of entry and occurred mainly in juveniles. fecv shedding was also common among newly relinquished cats (33%), especially older ki ... | 2004 | 15123152 |
| antibodies to canine and feline viruses in spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) in the masai mara national reserve. | spotted hyenas (crocuta crocuta) are abundant predators in the serengeti ecosystem and interact with other species of wild carnivores and domestic animals in ways that could encourage disease transmission. hyenas also have a unique hierarchical social system that might affect the flow of pathogens. antibodies to canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline panleukopenia virus/canine parvovirus (fplv/cpv), feline coronavirus/ feline infectious peritonitis virus (fecv/ ... | 2004 | 15137483 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| antibodies to selected pathogens in free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mammals in canada. | antibody titres to selected pathogens (canine adenovirus [cav-2], feline herpesvirus [fhv], phocine herpesvirus [phv-1], canine distemper virus, dolphin morbillivirus [dmv], phocine distemper virus [pdv], parainfluenza virus type 3 [pi3], rabies virus, dolphin rhabdovirus [drv], canine coronavirus, feline coronavirus, feline leukaemia virus, borrelia burgdorferi and toxoplasma gondii) were determined in whole blood or serum samples from selected free-ranging terrestrial carnivores and marine mam ... | 2004 | 15338705 |
| duplex polymerase chain reaction assay to screen for feline herpesvirus-1 and chlamydophila spp. in mucosal swabs from cats. | | 2004 | 15372981 |
| use of a duplex-pcr assay to screen for feline herpesvirus-1 and chlamydophila spp. in mucosal swabs from cats. | fifty-four ocular and forty-six pharyngeal swabs, collected from 54 cats with respiratory syndrome, were analyzed by duplex-pcr to evaluate the presence of feline herpesvirus type 1 and chlamydophila spp. both pathogens are in the population of cats and as four cats were positive only in ocular swabs and three only in pharyngeal ones, it is deduced that a correct diagnostic approach has to foresee the dispatch to the laboratory of both swabs. furthermore, all chlamydophila strains analysed by en ... | 2004 | 15460532 |
| cytologic findings, and feline herpesvirus dna and chlamydophila felis antigen detection rates in normal cats and cats with conjunctival and corneal lesions. | samples were collected from 36 cats with feline herpesvirus (fhv-1)-related ocular disease (conjunctivitis, epithelial or stromal keratitis, or corneal sequestration), and 17 cats without ocular changes. corneoconjunctival swabs, scrapings and biopsies were tested in various combinations for presence of fhv-1 dna using single round (sr) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested pcr (npcr). additional swabs from the inferior conjunctival fornix were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay fo ... | 2005 | 15644097 |
| culture of feline corneal epithelial cells and infection with feline herpesvirus-1 as an investigative tool. | to isolate and characterize pure cultures of feline corneal epithelial cells and to assess the extent and nature of feline herpesvirus (fhv)-1 infection in these cells. | 2005 | 15757116 |
| effects of interferon-alpha on cytopathic changes and titers for feline herpesvirus-1 in primary cultures of feline corneal epithelial cells. | to assess the effect of interferon (ifn)-alpha on viability of feline corneal epithelial cells, replication of feline herpesvirus (fhv)-1, and virus-induced cytopathic changes. | 2005 | 15757117 |
| effects of cidofovir on cell death and replication of feline herpesvirus-1 in cultured feline corneal epithelial cells. | to assess the effect of cidofovir on viability of feline corneal epithelial (fce) cells, replication of feline herpesvirus (fhv)-1, and virus-induced cytopathic changes. | 2005 | 15757118 |
| epidemiologic evaluation of multiple respiratory pathogens in cats in animal shelters. | upper respiratory tract infection (uri) propagates readily within cats in shelters and often results in euthanasia of affected cats. in a case-control evaluation of 573 cats in eight shelters in california in 2001 and 2002, the prevalence of feline calicivirus (fcv) was from 13 to 36%, feline herpesvirus (fhv) was from 3 to 38%, and prevalence of bordetella bronchiseptica, chlamydophila felis, and mycoplasma species was from 2 to 14%. cats with uri tended to be housed in isolation, dehydrated, a ... | 2005 | 15771947 |
| a novel genetic marker to differentiate feline herpesvirus type 1 field isolates. | five recent field isolates of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) were compared by digestion with a restriction endonuclease, sali or mlui. the sali digestion showed a potentially useful difference in one isolate 00-035 that had an approximately 3.0 kbp fragment instead of a 2.6 kbp fragment in the other strains. after cloning the 3.0 and 2.6 kbp fragments, the nucleotide sequences were analyzed. the result showed that the 3.0 kbp fragment of 00-035 included a complete open reading frame of the he ... | 2005 | 15778025 |
| epizootiologic investigations of selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging eurasian lynx from sweden. | serum samples from 106 eurasian lynx (lynx lynx) from across sweden, found dead or shot by hunters in 1993-99, were investigated for presence of antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophila, and for feline leukemia virus antigen. in addition, tissue samples from 22 lynx submitted in 1999 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect nucl ... | 2005 | 15827211 |
| factors associated with upper respiratory tract disease caused by feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus, chlamydophila felis and bordetella bronchiseptica in cats: experience from 218 european catteries. | a full history of the management practices and the prevalence of upper respiratory tract disease (urtd) at 218 rescue shelters, breeding establishments and private households with five or more cats was recorded. oropharyngeal and conjunctival swabs and blood samples were taken from 1748 cats. the prevalences of feline herpesvirus (fhv), feline calicivirus (fcv), chlamydophila felis and bordetella bronchiseptica were determined by pcr on swab samples. an elisa was applied to determine the prevale ... | 2005 | 15908495 |
| isolation of feline herpesvirus-1 and feline calicivirus from healthy cats in swedish breeding catteries. | feline calicivirus (fcv) could be isolated from four cats (2.6%) and feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv) from none of 152 clinically healthy cats from 22 swedish breeding catteries. these cats had all previously shown signs of respiratory tract disease or conjunctivitis, although several years ago. the results suggest that carriers of fcv and fhv were uncommon in swedish breeding catteries studied. prevalence rates in other european countries and north america are usually higher, especially of fcv. the l ... | 2005 | 15914057 |
| feline herpesvirus type-1 transcription is associated with increased nasal cytokine gene transcription in cats. | the etiopathogenesis of chronic nasal discharge in the cat is poorly understood. the objective of this study was to investigate alterations in transcription of genes for cytokines and chemokines in association with feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) mrna transcription. nasal samples from 21 cats were submitted for fhv-1 virus isolation (vi), traditional endpoint polymerase chain reaction (pcr) detection of fhv-1 dna, and quantitative real-time taqman pcr analysis of cytokines and chemokines (interleuk ... | 2005 | 15939557 |
| update on pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of feline herpesvirus type 1. | feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) infection, but not necessarily chronic or recurrent disease, is common throughout domestic cat populations worldwide. knowledge of a few essential virological facts permits practitioners to provide appropriate advice to owners of individual pet cats infected with this virus and to assist in the management of shelters and other multicat households in which the virus is enzootic. this article discusses pathogenesis, diagnostic techniques, and clinical signs consid ... | 2005 | 15948423 |
| assessment of infectious organisms associated with chronic rhinosinusitis in cats. | to determine detection rates for feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1), mycoplasma spp, fungi, and bacteria in flush samples and biopsy specimens from the nasal cavities of cats with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (crs). | 2005 | 16117066 |
| efficacy of topical aciclovir for the treatment of feline herpetic keratitis: results of a prospective clinical trial and data from in vitro investigations. | this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of topical ophthalmic aciclovir applied five times daily as a treatment for feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) keratitis in a group of cats in a first-opinion practice setting. cats with ocular signs indicative of fhv-1 or chlamydophila species infection, predominantly conjunctivitis and keratitis, were tested for fhv-1 antigen using an immunofluorescent technique on air-dried conjunctival swabs. they were first treated with topical chlortetracycline with ... | 2005 | 16127135 |
| ultrastructural findings in feline corneal sequestra. | (1) to describe the ultrastructural features of corneal sequestra in cats; and (2) to enhance our understanding regarding the pathogenesis of feline corneal sequestration. | 2005 | 16178839 |
| effect of oral administration of l-lysine on conjunctivitis caused by feline herpesvirus in cats. | to determine whether oral administration of l-lysine to cats would lessen the severity of conjunctivitis caused by feline herpesvirus (fhv-1). | 2002 | 16206789 |
| relative sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction assays used for detection of feline herpesvirus type 1 dna in clinical samples and commercial vaccines. | to determine relative detection rates and detection limits for 6 published polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays used for detection of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) dna. | 2005 | 16261828 |
| real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect a broad range of feline calicivirus isolates. | this report describes a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay with sybr green targeting the vp2 (orf 3) of feline caliciviruses. all of the 44 feline calicivirus isolates tested were detected, whereas neither feline herpesvirus, feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus nor other calicivirus like rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and a canine calicivirus isolate showed specific amplification products. the sensitivity of ... | 2006 | 16266755 |
| both soluble and membrane-anchored forms of felid herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein g function as a broad-spectrum chemokine-binding protein. | recently, glycoprotein g (gg) of several alphaherpesviruses infecting large herbivores was shown to belong to a new family of chemokine-binding proteins (vckbps). in the present study, the function of felid herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1) gg as a vckbp was investigated and the following conclusions were reached: (i) fehv-1 secreted gg is a high-affinity broad-spectrum vckbp that binds cc, cxc and c chemokines; (ii) gg is the only vckbp expressed by fehv-1 that binds ccl3 and cxcl1; (iii) secreted gg bloc ... | 2005 | 16298965 |
| effects of a single dose of an intranasal feline herpesvirus 1, calicivirus, and panleukopenia vaccine on clinical signs and virus shedding after challenge with virulent feline herpesvirus 1. | the objective of this study was to determine whether intranasal administration of a commercially available fvrcp vaccine to kittens lessened clinical signs and feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) viral shedding when compared to unvaccinated control kittens after fhv-1 challenge. three groups of 10 unvaccinated kittens were administered one dose of vaccine 6 days (group 1), 4 days (group 2), or 2 days (group 3) before challenge, respectively. one group was maintained as unvaccinated controls (group 4). ... | 2006 | 16442823 |
| in vitro comparison of antiviral drugs against feline herpesvirus 1. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) is a common cause of respiratory and ocular disease in cats. especially in young kittens that have not yet reached the age of vaccination, but already lost maternal immunity, severe disease may occur. therefore, there is a need for an effective antiviral treatment. in the present study, the efficacy of six antiviral drugs, i.e. acyclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, foscarnet, adefovir and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2, 6-diaminopurine (pmedap), against fhv-1 was compar ... | 2006 | 16640781 |
| interstitial nephritis in cats inoculated with crandell rees feline kidney cell lysates. | parenteral administration of crandell rees feline kidney (crfk) cell lysates or feline herpesvirus 1, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus-containing vaccines (fvrcp) grown on crfk cells induces antibodies against crfk cells. these antibodies also react with feline renal cell extracts. the purpose of this study was to determine whether interstitial nephritis would be detected in cats that were immunologically sensitized with crfk lysates, boosted with crfk lysates, and then biopsied 2 weeks afte ... | 2006 | 16713319 |
| first evidence of feline herpesvirus, calicivirus, parvovirus, and ehrlichia exposure in brazilian free-ranging felids. | serum samples from 18 pumas (puma concolor), one ocelot (leopardus pardalis), and two little spotted cats (leopardus tigrinus) collected from free-ranging animals in brazil between 1998 and 2004 were tested by indirect immunofluorescence (ifa) for antibodies to feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv 1), calicivirus (fcv), coronavirus (fcov), parvo-virus (fpv), ehrlichia canis, anaplasma pha-gocytophilum, and bartonella henselae. serum samples also were tested, by western blot and elisa, for feline leukemia v ... | 2006 | 16870878 |
| effects of human recombinant alpha-2b interferon and feline recombinant omega interferon on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus-1. | to evaluate the effects of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rhuifn-alpha2b) and recombinant feline interferon omega (rfeifn-omega) on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus (fhv)-1. | 2006 | 16881854 |
| effects of temperature and time in transit on polymerase chain reaction detection of feline herpesvirus dna. | the purpose of this study was to report methods currently recommended by commercial laboratories for collecting, shipping, and processing of samples for feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) testing using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and to determine the effect of temperature and time on the ability of 1 pcr method to detect fhv-1 dna in experimental and clinical samples. eleven laboratories offering fhv-1 pcr were surveyed. there was notable variation in sample types and shipping conditions reco ... | 2006 | 16921880 |
| tracheal organ cultures as a useful tool to study felid herpesvirus 1 infection in respiratory epithelium. | felid herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1) is an important feline pathogen of the upper respiratory tract which can be identified in clinical cases by virus isolation and pcr. studies on the effect and mode of spread of fehv-1 in the respiratory epithelium, however, have previously only been performed in infected cats. feline tracheal organ cultures which were inoculated with fehv-1 at varying multiplicity of infection (moi) were established. a dose-dependent response was observed. low mois induced multifocal ... | 2006 | 16926054 |
| felid herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein g is a structural protein that mediates the binding of chemokines on the viral envelope. | glycoprotein g (gg) orthologues have been described in several alphaherpesviruses. gg is expressed both as a membrane-anchored form on infected cells and as a secreted form. recently, we reported that both forms of gg encoded by alphaherpesviruses infecting large herbivores and by felid herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1) bind with high affinity to a broad range of cxc, cc and c-chemokines. based on the viral species, gg has been reported either as a structural or a non-structural protein. to date, the incor ... | 2006 | 16962359 |
| effects of dietary lysine supplementation in cats with enzootic upper respiratory disease. | to determine the effectiveness of dietary lysine supplementation in cats with enzootic upper respiratory disease (urd), 50 cats were fed a ration containing 11 or 51 g lysine/kg diet for 52 days. food intake, body weight, clinical signs, plasma amino acid concentrations and presence of chlamydophila felis or feline herpesvirus (fhv)-1 dna within the conjunctival fornix were assessed. food and lysine intake of both dietary groups decreased between days 17 and 22, coinciding with peak disease and ... | 2007 | 17055313 |
| immunohistochemical screening for viral agents in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with myelopathy. | numerous cases of acute-onset progressive ataxia, hindlimb paresis and paralysis of unknown aetiology occurred during 1993 to 2003 in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) within the european endangered species programme (eep). this study describes the immunohistochemical investigation of a possible viral aetiology of the "cheetah myelopathy". antibodies to feline herpesvirus type 1, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and borna disease virus were applied to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brai ... | 2006 | 17056652 |
| substrate specificity of three viral thymidine kinases (tk): vaccinia virus tk, feline herpesvirus tk, and canine herpesvirus tk. | in search of novel suicide gene candidates we have cloned and characterized thymidine kinases from three viruses; vaccinia virus tk (vvtk), feline herpesvirus tk (fhv-tk), and canine herpesvirus tk (chv-tk). our studies showed that vvtk primarily is a thymidine kinase, with a substrate specificity mainly restricted to dthd and only minor affinity for dcyd. vvtk also is related closely to mammalian thymidine kinase 1 (tk1), with 66% identity and 75% general homology. although chv-tk and fhv-tk ar ... | 2006 | 17065088 |
| detection of feline herpesvirus 1 dna in skin biopsy specimens from cats with or without dermatitis. | to compare detection rates of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) dna in skin biopsy specimens from cats with herpetic dermatitis, cats with nonherpetic dermatitis, and cats without dermatitis. | 2006 | 17078806 |
| factors associated with pathogen seroprevalence and infection in rocky mountain cougars. | serological and genetic material collected over 15 years (1990-2004) from 207 cougars (puma concolor) in four populations in the rocky mountains were examined for evidence of current or prior exposure to feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus (fcov), feline calicivirus (fcv), canine distemper virus (cdv), feline herpesvirus (fhv), and yersinia pestis. serologic data were analyzed for annual variation in seroconversions to assess whether these pathogens a ... | 2006 | 17092891 |
| a serosurvey of viral infections in lions (panthera leo), from queen elizabeth national park, uganda. | serum samples from 14 lions (panthera leo) from queen elizabeth national park, uganda, were collected during 1998 and 1999 to determine infectious disease exposure in this threatened population. sera were analyzed for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis: fhv1), feline/canine parvovirus (fpv/cpv), feline infectious peritonitis virus (feline coronavirus: fipv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) or for the pre ... | 2006 | 17092900 |
| an immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction evaluation of feline plasmacytic pododermatitis. | sections of 14 skin biopsies of cats with plasmacytic pododermatitis and a clinical follow-up of 12-36 months were stained with a polyclonal anti-mycobacterium bovis (bacille calmette-guerin = bcg) antibody cross-reactive to a broad spectrum of fungi and bacteria. all sections were negative for organisms within the actual footpad tissue with the anti-bcg antibody stains. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays that amplify the dna of bartonella spp., ehrlichia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, chl ... | 2007 | 17197627 |
| feline herpesvirus. | feline herpesvirus (fhv-1; felid herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1)) is an alphaherpesvirus of cats closely related to canine herpesvirus-1 and phocine herpesvirus-1. there is only one serotype of the virus and it is relatively homogenous genetically. fehv-1 is an important cause of acute upper respiratory tract and ocular disease in cats. in addition, its role in more chronic ocular disease and skin lesions is increasingly being recognised. epidemiologically, fehv-1 behaves as a typical alphaherpesvirus wh ... | 2007 | 17296160 |
| neutralizing antibodies against feline herpesvirus type 1 in captive wild felids of brazil. | feline herpesvirus type 1 infection affects domestic cats, causing mainly upper respiratory tract diseases. although this infection has been described in captive and free-ranging wild felids from europe, asia, north america, and africa, no information is available on its occurrence among wild felids of brazil. in this study, 250 serum samples of six species of brazilian captive wild felids (leopardus tigrinus, leopardus wiedii, herpailurus yaguarondi, puma concolor, leopardus pardalis, and panth ... | 2005 | 17312763 |
| serologic survey of domestic felids in the petén region of guatemala. | blood samples were analyzed from 30 domestic cats (felis domesticus) from the petén region of guatemala to determine the seroprevalence of common pathogens that may pose a potential risk to native wild felids. eight of the cats had been vaccinated previously; however, owners were unable to fully describe the type of vaccine and date of administration. in addition, blood samples were obtained from two captive margays (leopardus wiedii). samples were tested for antibodies to feline immunodeficienc ... | 2005 | 17315469 |
| assessment of viral presence in semen and reproductive function of frozen-thawed spermatozoa from pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) infected with feline herpesvirus. | although herpesviruses are known to contaminate the semen of several mammalian species, the occurrence of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) in semen of infected cats has not been reported. our objectives in this study were to investigate the presence of fhv-1 dna in seminal fluid and frozen-thawed spermatozoa from fhv-1 infected pallas' cats (otocolobus manul) and assess the functionality of their frozen-thawed spermatozoa in vitro. over a 3-yr period, semen (n = 33 ejaculates) was collected per ... | 2006 | 17319133 |
| [vaccination of more cats against feline herpesvirus 1]. | | 2007 | 17334154 |
| [bacteriological and virological status in upper respiratory tract infections of cats (cat common cold complex)]. | between october 2002 and january 2005,460 bacteriological samples from cats with an acute upper respiratory tract infection were analysed in clinical field studies in two accredited laboratories in germany. oropharyngeal swabs were taken from these cats and sent to the laboratories for routine diagnostics. in the swab samples of 460 cats 382 bacteria strains were isolated. the following bacteria were isolated most frequently: pasteurella spp. (32.5 %), staphylococcus spp. (18.5 %), escherichia c ... | 2007 | 17416134 |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1, chlamydophila felis, and mycoplasma spp dna in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis. | to use pcr assays to determine the prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1), chlamydophila felis, and mycoplasma spp dna in conjunctival cells collected from cats with and without conjunctivitis; to compare results of conventional and real-time fluorogenic pcr assays for amplification of fhv-1 dna; and to determine whether copy numbers of fhv-1 dna are correlated with conjunctivitis. | 2007 | 17542698 |
| alternative early life vaccination programs for companion animals. | an experimental challenge study of multicomponent vaccination of kittens is reported. seven-to-nine week old, specific pathogen-free kittens received two injections (4 weeks apart) of non-adjuvanted, multicomponent vaccine formulated at the minimum protective dose. kittens were challenged at 4 weeks or 1 year post-vaccination with individual infectious agents. vaccination induced complete protection against challenge from feline parvovirus on both occasions, but at 1 year, the protection against ... | 2007 | 17560595 |
| pretreatment with feline interferon omega and the course of subsequent infection with feline herpesvirus in cats. | recombinant feline interferon omega (rfeifn-omega), a type i ifn, may have the potential to limit virus replication and associated clinical signs when administered early on in the course of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) infection and reactivation, respectively. the effect of rfeifn-omega pretreatment on the course of subsequent fhv-1 infection in cats was investigated. | 2007 | 17760705 |
| in vitro effects of the active metabolite of leflunomide, a77 1726, on feline herpesvirus-1. | to determine whether the active metabolite of leflunomide, a77 1726 (a77), inhibits replication of feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) in cell culture. | 2007 | 17764417 |
| evaluation of the association of bartonella species, feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus, feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus with chronic feline gingivostomatitis. | gingivostomatitis (gs) is a significant condition in cats because of oral discomfort and associated periodontal disease. several infectious agents have been associated with the presence of gs, but a causal relationship is unclear. the cats in this study were housed together, had a history of flea exposure, and were vaccinated with a modified live fvrcp product. there were nine cats with active gs and 36 unaffected cats at the time of sample collection. serum was tested for feline leukemia virus ... | 2008 | 17766156 |
| pharmacokinetics and safety of penciclovir following oral administration of famciclovir to cats. | to investigate penciclovir pharmacokinetics following single and multiple oral administrations of famciclovir to cats. | 2007 | 17975982 |
| etiological investigation of multiple respiratory infections in cats. | in order to evaluate the relevance of multiple infections in domestic cats with upper respiratory tract disease (urtd) one hundred animals with clinical signs were investigated for detection of feline herpesvirus type-1 (fhv-1), chlamydophila felis, feline calicivirus (fcv) and bordetella bronchiseptica from mucosal swabs. forty-seven cats were positive for fcv, 42 cats for fhv-1, 26 for b. bronchiseptica and 8 for c. felis. dual or multiple infections were found in 33 of examined animals. our r ... | 2007 | 18080682 |
| detection of virulent feline herpesvirus-1 in the corneas of clinically normal cats. | to evaluate the clinically normal feline cornea for the presence of virulent feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1), corneas from 31 cats (25 with normal eyes and six with active disease or corneal scarring) euthanased at a shelter were collected. corneas from two specific pathogen-free cats were included as negative controls. virus isolation (vi), fluorescent antibody (fa) staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) were performed on all samples. the presence or absence of dexamethasone in ... | 2008 | 18155950 |
| substrate specificity and molecular modelling of the feline herpesvirus-1 thymidine kinase. | feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) causes a severe upper respiratory and ocular disease in cats. an effective antiviral compound is required for treating fhv-1 infections. the virus-encoded thymidine kinase (tk) is the molecular basis for selective activation of commonly used antiviral nucleoside analogue drugs, e.g. acyclovir (acv), penciclovir (pcv) and ganciclovir (gcv). the substrate specificity of a recombinant fhv-1 tk, expressed in escherichia coli, was studied. fhv-1 tk efficiently phosphoryla ... | 2008 | 18196203 |
| effect of topical ophthalmic application of cidofovir on experimentally induced primary ocular feline herpesvirus-1 infection in cats. | to evaluate the efficacy of twice-daily ophthalmic application of 0.5% cidofovir solution in cats with experimentally induced primary ocular feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) infection. | 2008 | 18241028 |
| isolation of obligate anaerobic bacteria from ulcerative keratitis in domestic animals. | to determine the frequency of obligate anaerobic bacterial isolation from corneal samples of domestic animals with ulcerative keratitis and to characterize the historical, clinical, cytological, and microbiological features of culture-positive cases. | 2008 | 18302576 |
| penciclovir is a potent inhibitor of feline herpesvirus-1 with susceptibility determined at the level of virus-encoded thymidine kinase. | feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) is the causative agent of a severe ocular disease in cats for which a safe potent antiviral chemotherapeutic agent is highly demanded. the sensitivity of fhv-1 to inhibition by three anti-herpetic nucleoside analogues [acyclovir (acv), penciclovir (pcv) and cidofovir (cdv)] was tested by means of yield reduction assay. acv showed very poor ability to inhibit fhv-1 replication. at low multiplicity of infection (moi), both pcv and cdv were nearly equally effective with ... | 2008 | 18325606 |
| effects of lambda-carrageenan on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus and on experimentally induced herpetic conjunctivitis in cats. | to evaluate the inhibitory effect of lambda-carrageenan type iv on feline herpesvirus (fhv)-1 in an in vitro model and in experimentally induced conjunctivitis in vaccinated cats. | 2008 | 18385068 |
| substrate specificity of feline and canine herpesvirus thymidine kinase. | the thymidine kinases from feline herpesvirus (fhv tk) and canine herpesvirus (chv tk) were cloned and characterized. the two proteins are closely sequence-related to each other and also to the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-1 tk). although fhv tk and chv tk have a level of identity of 31 and 35%, respectively, with hsv-1 tk, and a general amino acid similarity of approximately 54% with hsv-1 tk, they do not recognize the same broad range of substrates as hsv-1 tk does. instea ... | 2008 | 18455811 |
| prevalence of feline herpesvirus 1, feline calicivirus and chlamydophila felis in clinically normal cats at a korean animal shelter. | the prevalence of feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1), feline calicivirus (fcv), and chlamydophila (c.) felis was studied in cats of an animal shelter in korea. total 78 cats without ocular and upper respiratory tract disease were examined. specimens were obtained from ocular conjunctiva and oropharynx. using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse transcription pcr, three pathogens were simultaneously detected. in examined 78 cats, 49 (63%) cats were positive for fhv-1. however, all spec ... | 2008 | 18487944 |
| effects of sampling instrument and processing technique on dna yield and detection rate for feline herpesvirus-1 via polymerase chain reaction assay. | to assess effects of disease severity, sampling instrument, and processing technique on extracted dna yield and detection rate for feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) via pcr assay. | 2008 | 18518663 |
| prevalence of selected infectious organisms and comparison of two anatomic sampling sites in shelter cats with upper respiratory tract disease. | in order to describe the isolation rates of potential pathogens and to compare anatomic sampling site suitability, nasal and pharyngeal swabs were taken from cats with acute clinical upper respiratory disease in a humane society. dna of feline herpesvirus-1 was amplified from 51 of 52 cats sampled, mycoplasma species were cultured or detected by pcr in samples from 34 of 42 cats sampled for both culture and pcr, and bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from three of 59 cats sampled for aerobic ... | 2008 | 18539065 |
| oral supplementation with l-lysine did not prevent upper respiratory infection in a shelter population of cats. | cats in animal shelters are highly susceptible to infection by feline herpesvirus (fhv) by virtue of their stress and close proximity to other cats. animal shelters take several different approaches to prevent fhv-related upper respiratory infections (uris), including empirically treating all cats with l-lysine, a supplement believed to prevent the replication of fhv and, therefore, manifestations of herpesvirus infections. in this study we tested oral supplementation of l-lysine as a means to p ... | 2008 | 18547855 |
| effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. | to determine the effects of anesthesia and surgery on serologic responses to vaccination in kittens. | 2008 | 18593319 |
| development of a quantitative real-time taqman pcr assay for testing the susceptibility of feline herpesvirus-1 to antiviral compounds. | feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) is considered as the most common viral infection of domestic cats worldwide. it causes a disease characterized by upper respiratory and ocular clinical signs. several attempts are currently underway to develop antiviral chemotherapy for treating fhv-1 infections. the availability of a rapid quantitative method for detecting fhv-1 would greatly facilitate prompt therapy, and hence enhance the success of any antiviral regime. in this study, a taqman real-time pcr assay ... | 2008 | 18597862 |
| evaluation of pradofloxacin for the treatment of feline rhinitis. | forty humane society cats with suspected bacterial upper respiratory infections (uris) were studied in order to compare amoxycillin and pradofloxacin for treatment of rhinitis and describe common pathogens. nasal discharges were collected prior to random placement into one of three treatment groups. cats failing to initially respond were crossed to the alternate drug. drug toxicity was not noted. the organisms most frequently isolated or amplified pre-treatment were feline herpesvirus-1 (75%), m ... | 2008 | 18619887 |
| risk factors for time to diagnosis of feline upper respiratory tract disease in uk animal adoption shelters. | feline upper respiratory tract disease (urtd), mainly caused by feline calicivirus (fcv) and feline herpesvirus, is a major cause of disease outbreaks in feline accommodation such as animal shelters, catteries and multi-cat households. we conducted a longitudinal, yearlong study in five uk feline animal shelters to identify risk factors for the time to diagnosis of urtd. we were especially interested in risk factors that could be identified at the time the cat entered the shelter. shelter staff ... | 2008 | 18639946 |
| onset of immunity in kittens after vaccination with a non-adjuvanted vaccine against feline panleucopenia, feline calicivirus and feline herpesvirus. | the induction of a quick onset of immunity against feline parvovirus (fpv), feline herpesvirus (fhv) and feline calicivirus (fcv) is critical both in young kittens after the decline of maternal antibodies and in cats at high risk of exposure. the onset of immunity for the core components was evaluated in 8-9 week old specific pathogen free kittens by challenge 1 week after vaccination with a combined modified live (fpv, fhv) and inactivated (fcv) vaccine. the protection obtained 1 week after vac ... | 2009 | 18694649 |
| feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus-1, and feline calicivirus antibody responses in seronegative specific pathogen-free cats after a single administration of two different modified live fvrcp vaccines. | two groups of feline panleukopenia virus (fpv), feline calicivirus (fcv), and feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) seronegative cats (five cats per group) were administered one of two modified live feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia virus (fvrcp) vaccines and the serological responses to each agent were followed over 28 days. while all cats developed detectable fpv and fcv antibody titers; only two cats developed detectable fhv-1 antibody titers using the criteria described by ... | 2009 | 18782676 |
| feline herpesvirus-1 down-regulates mhc class i expression in an homologous cell system. | cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctls) are an essential component of the immune defense against many virus infections. ctls recognize viral peptides in the context of the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules on the surface of infected cells. many viruses have evolved mechanisms to interfere with mhc class i expression as a means of evading the host immune response. in the present research we have studied the effect of in vitro feline herpesvirus 1 (fehv-1) infection on mhc class i ex ... | 2009 | 19009565 |
| characterization of a continuous feline mammary epithelial cell line susceptible to feline epitheliotropic viruses. | mucosal epithelial cells are the primary targets for many common viral pathogens of cats. viral infection of epithelia can damage or disrupt the epithelial barrier that protects underlying tissues. in vitro cell culture systems are an effective means to study how viruses infect and disrupt epithelial barriers, however no true continuous or immortalized feline epithelial cell culture lines are available. a continuous cell culture of feline mammary epithelial cells (fmec ucd-04-2) that forms tight ... | 2009 | 19103225 |
| assessment of viremia associated with experimental primary feline herpesvirus infection or presumed herpetic recrudescence in cats. | to detect feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) in blood of cats undergoing experimental primary herpetic disease or with spontaneous disease presumed to be caused by fhv-1 reactivation. | 2009 | 19119954 |
| treatment of feline herpesvirus-1 associated disease in cats with famciclovir and related drugs. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) is a common cause of ocular and upper respiratory disease in cats and kittens, and a potential cause of eosinophilic dermatitis. | 2009 | 19154974 |
| pilot study to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation of enterococcus faecium sf68 on cats with latent feline herpesvirus 1. | feline herpesvirus 1 (fhv-1) infection is extremely common in cats and is frequently associated with morbidity because of recurrent ocular and respiratory clinical signs of disease. enterococcus faecium strain sf68 is an immune-enhancing probiotic used as a dietary supplement. in this pilot study, 12 cats with chronic fhv-1 infection were administered either sf68 or a placebo, monitored for clinical signs of disease, monitored for fhv-1 shedding, and evaluated for fhv-1 specific humoral and cell ... | 2009 | 19201238 |
| effects of feline herpesvirus type 1 on tear film break-up time, schirmer tear test results, and conjunctival goblet cell density in experimentally infected cats. | to determine the effect of feline herpesvirus type 1 (fhv-1) on tear film breakup time (tfbut) and schirmer tear test (stt) values in cats with primary experimental infection and to determine the relationship between tfbut and stt values and conjunctival goblet cell density (gcd). | 2009 | 19254153 |
| clinical, virological, and immunological parameters associated with superinfection of latently with fehv-1 infected cats. | infections with feline herpesvirus type 1 (fehv-1) are frequently associated with recurrent ocular disease, which may occur even in vaccinated cats. the underlying pathogenesis is poorly understood. specifically, the role of circulating, superinfecting virus strains is unknown. to begin addressing this complex question, we reconstituted a marker-tagged mutant fehv-1 from a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) harboring the fehv-1 genome. this mutant was deleted for the glycoprotein g gene (delt ... | 2009 | 19359108 |
| evidence of feline herpesvirus-1 dna in the vestibular ganglion of domestic cats. | in humans, herpes simplex virus type-1 has recently been detected in the vestibular ganglion (vg) and labyrinth (vl) and may be associated with vestibular signs. feline herpesvirus-1 (fhv-1) is widespread amongst cat populations and affects many different tissues. the aim of this pilot study was to investigate the presence of fhv-1 dna in the vg and vl of randomly selected domestic cats using pcr. fhv-1 dna was detected in the vg of 14% of the cats. there was no detectable fhv-1 dna in the vl of ... | 2010 | 19394881 |
| feline herpesvirus infection. abcd guidelines on prevention and management. | overview: feline viral rhinotracheitis, caused by feline herpesvirus (fhv), is an upper respiratory tract disease that is often associated with feline calicivirus and bacteria. in most cats, fhv remains latent after recovery, and they become lifelong virus carriers. stress or corticosteroid treatment may lead to virus reactivation and shedding in oronasal and conjunctival secretions. infection: sick cats shed fhv in oral, nasal and conjunctival secretions; shedding may last for 3 weeks. infectio ... | 2009 | 19481034 |