| high radiocesium levels in granite outcrop vegetation and reductions through time. | levels of fallout radiocesium in vegetation were examined on three granite outcrops and a forested area in the georgia piedmont during 1976-1980. mean values averaged 4.3 times higher in three species collected on an outcrop than in the same species collected on clay soils in a nearby pine-hardwood forest. levels in reindeer moss (cladonia spp.) were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in species that formed deep, entangled tufts with abundant, slender branches. cesium levels decreased by as ... | 1991 | 2001949 |
| an imported case of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior in the netherlands caused by a larva of the reindeer warble fly. | | 1991 | 2010651 |
| mortality among swedish reindeer breeding lapps in 1961-85. | we analyzed the mortality pattern among swedish reindeer breeding lapps, a unique group with a carefully preserved culture and a lifestyle that differs considerably from that of the rest of the population. the cohort consisted of 2,034 lapps who were recorded in the 1960 population and housing census as members of a household where someone were occupied in reindeer breeding. the cohort was followed-up in the swedish cause-of-death register from january 1, 1961 until death or december 31, 1985. t ... | 1991 | 2021395 |
| ophthalmomyiasis caused by the reindeer warble fly larva. | two boys with ophthalmomyiasis caused by the first instar larva of the reindeer warble fly hypoderma tarandi are reported. both were 9 years old and came from the coast of northern norway. one had ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior and one eye had been removed because of progressive pain and blindness. histological examination showed the remains of a fly larva. the second boy had ophthalmomyiasis externa with a tumour in the upper eyelid, and histological examination showed a warble with a well ... | 1991 | 2030144 |
| medical services to the nomadic reindeer herders. bilibino district. | | 1991 | 2053681 |
| brown fat-specific mitochondrial uncoupling protein in adipose tissues of newborn reindeer. | reindeer inhabit a severe arctic or subarctic environment, with the young born in early spring under adverse weather conditions. the extreme northern climate imposes a major thermal challenge to the newborn, and in the present study we have examined fetal, neonatal, and young (from 2 wk before birth to 16 mo postpartum) semidomesticated reindeer from northern finland for the presence of thermogenic brown adipose tissue. adipose tissues were removed, mitochondria were prepared, and the proteins w ... | 1991 | 2058749 |
| [genetic and ecological study of aboriginal inhabitants of the siberian northeast. iv. genotype and genetic structure of three modern populations of yakutia]. | three separate and reproductively isolated populations living at present in boreal forest and tundra area in eastern siberia were studied. blood groups (ab0, mnss, rhesus, duffy, p. diego), immunoglobulin allotypes--g1m (z, a, x, f), g3m (b, b0, b1, b3, s, t), hp, tf, pgm1, acp, 6-pgd were tested in blood samples obtained from total 570 individuals. analysis of covariance and variance matrices containing gene frequencies of the nganasans, reindeer chukchi, the yugaghir and the evens has revealed ... | 1990 | 2079208 |
| development of uncoupling protein in adipose tissues of reindeer. | | 1990 | 2088912 |
| lack of correlation between ammonia-like taint and polyamine levels in reindeer meat. | | 1990 | 2089778 |
| preliminary evaluation of four immunological tests for the early diagnosis of hypoderma tarandi causing hypodermosis in reindeer. | 294 serum samples from five norwegian reindeer herds were examined for antibodies against hypoderma tarandi l. the first and second larval instars of h. tarandi were tested as antigens in immunodiffusion tests, passive haemagglutination and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the latter technique, using first instar antigens, produced the best results. a significant difference (p less than 0.1%) was observed between the antibody value of naive reindeer bred in france and those from inf ... | 1990 | 2132994 |
| [helminthic zoonoses in the far north of the ussr]. | | 1990 | 2198449 |
| genetic study of the evens, an ancient human population of eastern siberia. | three territorial subgroups of reindeer breeders, fishermen, and fur hunters living under conditions of partial isolation in remote parts of the yakut assr, have been investigated with respect to polymorphic genetic systems. analysis of covariance matrices containing allele frequencies in an array of 12 loci for a large sample of evens, nganasans, and reindeer chukchi indicates that the genetic relationships support known phylogenetic, linguistic, and historical events. | 1990 | 2210713 |
| [gametic disequilibrium in populations of reindeer chukchi and asian eskimos]. | ten local populations of reindeer chukchi and four local populations of asiatic eskimos were surveyed for variation of nine polymorphic loci (mn, ss, cc, ee, duffy, acp, pgm1, hp, g3m). pairwise linkage disequilibria were estimated from multilocus genotype frequencies using the hill's method. large amounts of linkage disequilibrium were found for the two pairs of linked genes mnss and ccee. the same pattern of non-random association between unlinked loci pgm1 and acp was found in all subpopulati ... | 1990 | 2227393 |
| interaction of hemoglobin with chloride and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. a comparative approach. | the equilibrium oxygen-binding properties of hemoglobins from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus), musk ox (ovibos muschatos) and a bat (rousettus aegyptiacus) have been investigated with special reference to the effect of heterotrophic ligands such as chloride and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate [gri(2,3)p2]. the results obtained with hemoglobins from reindeer and musk ox indicate that their low oxygen affinity and their insensitivity to gri(2,3)p2 are not only an intrinsic property of the molecule, ... | 1990 | 2253624 |
| [assessment of individual eye protection devices based on their effect on the frequency-contrast characteristics of the visual analyzer]. | assessment of means for individual eye protection by the method of visocontrastometry, allows, already at the stage of projecting, to determine the correctness of selecting vision glasses by conditions of visual work. investigations of 3 kinds of goggles: for reindeer breeders of far north (2 variants), for mechanics and for protection from pesticides have shown that by their influence on frequency-contrast characteristic all they comply with physiologic hygienic demands. the value of the used m ... | 1990 | 2255482 |
| the mechanical properties of the dentine and cement of the tusk of the narwhal monodon monoceros compared with those of other mineralized tissues. | values for young's modulus of elasticity, ultimate and yield stresses, ultimate and yield strains, work under the stress-strain curve and work of fracture were obtained from tensile and bending tests on specimens of narwhal tusk dentine and cement, femoral bone from young and mature cattle, and reindeer antler. compared with the cattle bone the narwhal tissues had low young's moduli, low yield stresses, rather low ultimate stresses and high ultimate strains. in all these properties they were sim ... | 1990 | 2256815 |
| cancer risks in swedish lapps who breed reindeer. | cancer risks during the period 1961-1984 were studied in a cohort of 2,034 swedish reindeer-breeding lapps, a unique group whose culture and life-style differ considerably from those in the rest of the swedish population. a total of 100 cases of cancer were observed versus 163 expected. statistically significantly decreased risks were found for cancers of the colon, respiratory organs, female breast, male genital organs, and kidneys, and for malignant lymphomas. the stomach was the only site wit ... | 1990 | 2260539 |
| thermodynamics of oxygen binding to arctic hemoglobins. the case of reindeer. | the most surprising characteristic of reindeer hemoglobin (hb) concerns its response to changes in temperature. thus, the shape of the oxygen-binding curve is strongly temperature dependent due to the difference in the enthalpy of oxygenation between the t and r state of the molecule. in fact, delta h of oxygen binding to the t state is strongly exothermic whereas that of the r state is very close to zero or possibly positive after correction for the heat of oxygen solubilization. moreover, the ... | 1990 | 2285789 |
| [the hygienic training of female chum (sovkhoz) workers in northern reindeer breeding]. | | 1990 | 2286275 |
| [dictyocaulus species, lungworms in cattle and deer in the netherlands]. | using recent descriptions of dictyocaulus species, all samples of lungworms in cattle were identified as d. viviparus, and all samples from roe deer, red deer and reindeer being identified as d. eckerti by the present authors. although cross infections between cattle and cervids are reported in the literature, these are not readily established. because of the different species and the small likelihood of cross infections cattle and cervids are not regarded as serious sources of lungworm infectio ... | 1990 | 2305391 |
| [health protection after the chernobyl accident. the relation of costs and reduction of radioactive dosage level]. | this article describes the nutritional measures introduced to protect health after the chernobyl accident, and the associated costs. the total value of the reindeer meat, mutton, lamb and goat meat saved as a result of such measures in 1987 amounted to approx. nok 250 million. the measures cost approx. nok 60 million. the resulting reduction in the radiation dose level to which the population was exposed was 450 mansv. in 1988, mutton/lamb and goat meat valued at approx. nok 310 million was save ... | 1990 | 2309188 |
| perceptions of risk, dilemmas of policy: nuclear fallout in swedish lapland. | this paper concerns risk perceptions of swedish saami reindeer herders in conjunction with the chernobyl nuclear disaster. focus is also placed upon their experiences of damage and their efforts to deal with these problems. data relating to these social aspects of the chernobyl event come from interviews with members of saami herding families. the initial governmental policy of establishing a simple contamination limit for the marketability of all foodstuffs was beset with shortcomings. i propos ... | 1990 | 2315742 |
| haematology of clinically normal and sick captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | a retrospective analysis of haematological values from clinically normal captive reindeer (rangifer tarandus) showed that the red cell count, haemoglobin level, packed cell volume and lymphocyte count were higher and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and eosinophil count were lower in juveniles than in adults. newborn animals were anaemic compared with juveniles and adults and had high reticulocyte counts. the values from healthy reindeer were used to identify abnormal haematological variations ... | 1990 | 2321339 |
| oxygen transport in the blood of arctic mammals: adaptation to local heterothermia. | the oxygen binding of whole blood from humans and two arctic mammals, reindeer and muskox, has been studied as a function of carbon dioxide and temperature. all bloods display a marked bohr effect with bohr coefficients in the range -0.44- -0.73. the bohr effect is more pronounced at 20 degrees c. the temperature sensitivity of reindeer and muskox blood expressed by the apparent heat of oxygenation, delta h, is almost three times lower than that of human hba under the same experimental condition ... | 1990 | 2335593 |
| [polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens of spotted reindeer in primorski krai and prospects for its use in selection]. | first attempt to study polymorphism of erythrocyte antigens of spotted reindeer cervus (cervus) nippon temminck, 1838 blood was made. with the aid of a set of monospecific antisera against blood groups of cattle and pigs, natural antisera of spotted reindeer, iso- and heteroimmune antisera against factors of erythrocytes of spotted reindeer, antigenic picture of blood in cattle of five primorsk region farms was revealed. indeces of genetic similarity between populations studied have been calcula ... | 1990 | 2344955 |
| [blood-sucking biting midges (ceratopogonidae) in north central siberia]. | 6000 adult punkies were collected from man and animals over a period of 15 years in the taimyr and evenki autonomous okrugs of krasnoyarsk territory. four species culicoides chiopterus, c. pulicaris, c. fascipennis, c. alatavicus are reported from tundra and forest-tundra of taimyr (68 degrees 00'-73 degrees 13' n). punkies of the above species are small in number and do not occur all over the region. in northern and middle taiga of evenkia (60 degrees 20'-65 degrees 45' n) punkies are very abun ... | 1990 | 2349002 |
| respiratory symptoms and ventilatory function among finnish reindeer herders. | prevalence of respiratory symptoms in relation to occupation and smoking habits were evaluated in 211 randomly selected male reindeer herders in northern finland. clinical examination with skin prick tests (spt) and spirometry was conducted in 23 local health centers. no significant differences could be determined in respiratory symptoms, smoking habits or ventilatory function between full-time reindeer herders and their controls. positive spt reactions to common allergens in reindeer herders we ... | 1990 | 2350379 |
| ossification of the antler in the lapland reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | a histological and histochemical study of biopsy specimens from the lapland reindeer antler indicated that the intercellular matrix of the cartilage that forms the partitions of longitudinal channels becomes calcified at virtually the initial stage of formation. the lacunae at the peripheries of the cartilaginous partitions are invaded by osteoblasts in a process comparable to endochondral ossification. the very centres of the partitions evidently become directly converted into bone without the ... | 1990 | 2368591 |
| fungi: a major source of radiocesium contamination of grazing ruminants in norway. | transfer of radiocesium from vegetation to milk was studied in dairy goats grazing heavily contaminated mountain pasture in southern norway in the years following the chernobyl accident. radiocesium activity in milk and green vegetation remained stable throughout 1986 and 1987. in 1988, a sudden three- to fivefold increase in milk radioactivity occurred during the second half of the summer. whole-body content of radioactivity in sheep and reindeer also increased rapidly. this coincided with an a ... | 1990 | 2370143 |
| comparative studies on megatrypanum trypanosomes from cervids. | trypanosomes were isolated by culture from 2 out of 50 blood samples collected from reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.) in northern sweden and from a blood sample from a moose (alces alces) from southern sweden. the parasites were indistinguishable morphologically from other trypanosomes reported from cervids, both as epimastigotes in axenic culture at 27 degrees c and as bloodstream-like trypomastigotes cultured on mammalian fibroblasts at 37 degrees c. surface carbohydrate and isoenzyme comparison ... | 1990 | 2382100 |
| plasma progesterone in reindeer in relation to ovariectomy and hysterectomy. | four semi-domesticated reindeer were ovariectomized and 3 both ovariectomized and hysterectomized, 30-70 days before expected parturition. anaesthesia with etorphine/propyonylphenthiazine was followed by an increase in the plasma concentration of progesterone of peripheral blood. the concentration of progesterone returned to pre-anaesthetic values before ovariectomy. ovariectomy did not result in any substantial change in the plasma progesterone concentration within an observation period of 35-1 ... | 1990 | 2399871 |
| pneumocystis carinii delanoë & delanoë, 1912 found in lungs of freeliving animals in denmark at autopsy. | stained imprints made from autopsy lung biopsies from hares, foxes, badgers, stone martens, one hedgehog, roe deer from denmark and from caribou from greenland were examined microscopically for pneumocystis carinii. pneumocysts were found in the lungs of 3 out of 28 hares, 3 out of 18 foxes and 1 out of 6 roe deer. this is the first report of pneumocystis carinii in hares, foxes, and roe deer in denmark. it seems to be the first report of pneumocystis carinii in roe deer. | 1986 | 2422628 |
| bone metabolism during antler growth in female reindeer. | two female reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were investigated for alterations in skeletal metabolism during the annual antler growth cycle. during july and january, rib samples were obtained by biopsy after double tetracycline labeling for gravimetric, chemical, and histomorphometric analyses. though antler length increased from 8 to 55 cm between april and september, body weight increased from only 56 to 77 kg. rib bone density (g/cm3) increased from 1.39 +/- 0.01 (mean +/- sem) in july to 1.53 +/- ... | 1989 | 2509019 |
| [echinococcosis in the nenets autonomous okrug]. | the paper presents results of an immunological screening of the population from the nenets autonomous okrug of the arkhangelsk region for echinococcosis. a high level (8.4 +/- 1.0%) of seropositivity of the population has been found to echinococcus antigens. occupational groups, such as reindeer-breeders, domestic servants in the tent of skins, hunters, fur-farmers, furriers) have been identified to be mostly at high risk for echinococcus infection. some animal species have been demonstrated to ... | 1989 | 2533318 |
| [the assessment of the epidemiologic situation of echinococcosis in the nenets autonomous okrug based on data from a dynamic serologic examination of the population]. | paper presents the riha and eia data of an annual 3-year survey of populations of two reindeer breeders' settlements in the nenets autonomous okrug of arkhangelsk province with the use of intact echinococcus antigen (riha) and fractions of echinococcus multilocularis antigens (eia). in 1984-1986, seropositivity has been established by 2 immunoassays for 98 (21.6 +/- 1.9%) out of 454 apparently healthy subjects. the annual echinococcus invasion rate in population varied within 2.8-3.7%, as estima ... | 1989 | 2534151 |
| can zeolites decrease the uptake and accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium in ruminants? | the zeolite group of minerals has been suggested as a means of decreasing the uptake of radio-caesium by humans and domestic animals, and also to accelerate the excretion of radio-caesium which has already been absorbed. artificial mordenite, one of the zeolites being considered for this purpose, was dispersed in liquid paraffin and administered to goats and lambs fed radio-caesium-contaminated hay. faeces and urine were collected separately and analyzed by gamma spectrometry on each day of the ... | 1989 | 2538920 |
| evaluation of xylazine hydrochloride as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou--and its subsequent reversal with idazoxan. | xylazine hydrochloride was used as the sole immobilizing agent in moose and caribou. the animals were free-ranging and immobilization was accomplished from a helicopter using powered darts. following a period of immobilization during which radiotelemetry collars were fitted, the animals were revived using idazoxan (rx 781094) or its methoxy analogue rx 821002. xylazine was administered at dose rates of approximately 3.0 mg/kg and 5.0 mg/kg to the moose and caribou, respectively. moose received 4 ... | 1989 | 2563404 |
| brucellosis in an inuit child, probably related to caribou meat consumption. | a 9-year-old inuit boy with brucellosis is presented. the most likely source of his infection was contaminated caribou meat. brucella suis is enzootic in canadian caribou herds and this case indicates that natives of the arctic are a risk group for acquiring brucellosis through the ingestion of raw caribou meat. | 1989 | 2569231 |
| variation in cadmium content of caribou tissues from northern québec. | samples of kidney, liver, skeletal muscle, heart, mesentery and rumen wall were collected during 1985-1986 in northern québec from 121 caribou belonging to the rivière george herd. significant seasonal variations were found for cadmium concentration in kidneys, liver and skeletal muscles, the level being higher in winter than in autumn. the concentration in liver and kidneys increased with age, while the effect of this factor was complex in skeletal muscles. sex-related differences were found in ... | 1989 | 2569761 |
| the epidemiology of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. v. the status of subspecies of echinococcus granulosus in great britain. | twenty-five years ago williams and sweatman suggested that in great britain there are two subspecies of echinococcus granulosus--e. granulosus granulosus and e. granulosus equinus. echinococcus granulosus granulosus does not mature either in foxes or in horses: e. granulosus equinus will mature in either. the prepatent period of e. granulosus granulosus in the definitive host is about 42 days while that of e. granulosus equinus is about 70 days. each subspecies has a characteristic morphology. m ... | 1989 | 2596902 |
| arctic life adaptation--i. the function of reindeer hemoglobin. | 1. the functional properties of hemoglobin from the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) are characterized as a function of ph, temperature and organic phosphate concentration. 2. alongside overall similarities shared with most vertebrate hemoglobins, hemoglobin from the reindeer shows significant differences with respect to the effect of both organic phosphates and chloride anions. 3. the limited effect of temperature on oxygen binding (delta h = -4 kcal/mol o2) could be regarded as an inte ... | 1989 | 2598627 |
| arctic life adaptation--ii. the function of musk ox (ovibos muschatos) hemoglobin. | 1. the hemoglobin system from musk ox (ovibos muschatos) has been characterized from the functional point of view with special regard to the effect of organic phosphates and temperature. 2. the results are similar to those previously obtained in the case of reindeer and confirm that hemoglobins from arctic animals may display very low enthalpy change for the reaction with oxygen. 3. this finding is considered an example of molecular adaptation of respiratory pigments to extreme environmental con ... | 1989 | 2598629 |
| the impact of low carbohydrate consumption on glucose tolerance, insulin concentration and insulin response to glucose challenge in dogrib indians. | the nddg and the who recommend that individuals undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt) consume a minimum of 150 gm of carbohydrate on each of three days preceding the ogtt. carbohydrate restriction affects the diagnostic accuracy of the ogtt. this is a problem for the diagnosis of diabetes among northern peoples, but may also have relevance for other amerindians. dogrib indians of the canadian nwt still rely on the traditional dietary, based on caribou-hunting and fishing. the impact o ... | 1989 | 2671575 |
| effects of the chernobyl accident on animal husbandry and production, from a swedish perspective. | about 20% of the swedish land area was considerably contaminated by radionuclides released by the nuclear accident at chernobyl, ukraine, in april 1986. however, less than 10% of the arable land was contaminated. the heavy contamination was closely correlated with the amount of rain received during the first days of may 1986. immediate restrictions on grazing limited the early uptake of contaminants in animal products. changes in management of animals, especially sheep, goats, and reindeer in th ... | 1989 | 2703422 |
| arctic adaptation in reindeer. the energy saving of a hemoglobin. | previous results [(1988) arct. med. res. 47, 83-88] have shown that hemoglobin from reindeer is characterized by a low overall heat of oxygenation. this particular aspect has been investigated further in a series of precise oxygen equilibrium experiments. the results obtained show a peculiar dependence of the temperature effect on the fractional saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen, which could be regarded as a very interesting case of molecular adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. | 1989 | 2707444 |
| species of the genus elaphostrongylus parasite of swedish cervidae. a description of e. alces n. sp. | a description of elaphostrongylus alces n. sp., a parasite of moose (alces alces l.), is given. the main features differing e. alces n. sp. from the other two investigated species are the bottle shaped oesophagus and the oval bursa, which is about 150 microns x 200 microns. e. rangiferi mitskevith, 1960, a parasite of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) and e. cervi cameron, 1931, a parasite of red deer (cervus elaphus l.) have both a club shaped or cylindrical oesophagus and a circular bur ... | 1989 | 2735702 |
| managing a radioactive fall-out: the swedish experience after chernobyl. | | 1989 | 2736379 |
| [population genetics study of the functional asymmetry of the brain in native and migrant population of the north-eastern ussr]. | it is shown that ethnic groups of the north-east of the ussr (eskimos, coast and reindeer chukchi, koryaks and evens) differ significantly in phenotype frequencies of hemisphere interrelations, and the extent of differences conforms to non-similarity of the cultural and economic structure of these populations. significant phenotype frequency dynamics observed in new-coming population, depending on the duration of dwelling under the north conditions, makes the phenotype of "long-livers" of the no ... | 1989 | 2744439 |
| [correlation of genetic and demographic differences between populations of indigenous inhabitants of the northeastern ussr]. | correlative analysis is given for some demographic characteristics in populations of asiatic eskimos, coastal and reindeer chuckchies, kamchatka koryaks and chukotka evens. summarized estimation of population differences for 7 demographic parameters is presented. highly reliable correlation of genetic distinctions as defined for 17 polymorphic loci, and demographic differences between populations estimated for 7 parameters (r = 0.868, p less than 0.001) was found. the role of ecological factors ... | 1989 | 2759448 |
| [eye protection of reindeer breeders in the far north from the dazzling brightness of solar radiation]. | | 1989 | 2767494 |
| strain rate dependence of the mechanical properties of reindeer antler and the cumulative damage model of bone fracture. | carter and caler have produced a 'cumulative damage' model for the fracture of bone, based on creep experiments on human bone, which has been corroborated by monotonic tensile tests on bone, loaded at various strain rates. monotonic tensile tests on reindeer's antler, which has a lower modulus of elasticity than human bone, produce very similar results. unlike human bone, reindeer antler always shows a large post-yield strain, and it is possible to distinguish pre-yield and post-yield behaviour. ... | 1989 | 2777821 |
| [low risk of cancer among swedish lapps who tend reindeer]. | | 1989 | 2796463 |
| [isolation of viruses of antigenic complexes of california encephalitis and bunyamwera (bunyaviridae, bunuavirus) from mosquitoes in northeast asia]. | studies in suckling mice and by direct solid-phase enzyme immunoassay were carried out with 111,1 thousand aedes mosquitoes collected in july, 1986, in tundra, forest-tundra, and northern taiga of kamchatka region and chukotka autonomous district of magadan region (north-pacific natural area within 69 degrees-53 degrees north and 156 degrees-177 degrees east). eleven strains were isolated of which 7 were classified as members of the california encephalitis complex (tahyna-like strains) and 4 as ... | 1989 | 2800529 |
| cs-137 concentration in reindeer and its fodder plants. | radionuclides, especially the long-lived 137cs (physical half-life 30 years), are accumulated efficiently in the northern, subarctic, lichen-reindeer-man foodchain. until the chernobyl accident the fallout nuclides studied originated from nuclear weapons tests. after this accident some fresh fallout was deposited in finnish lapland. lichens grow very slowly and collect nutrients very efficiently from air, rain and snow. during winter the basic fodder plants for reindeer are lichens and some wint ... | 1989 | 2814447 |
| radiocesium uptake in reindeer on natural pasture. | in an experiment initiated after the chernobyl accident, a herd of reindeer was followed before and after a temporary move from a highly contaminated area (greater than 20 kbq 137 cs/m2) to a less contaminated area (less than 3 kbq 137cs/m2) of natural pasture. the animals grazed in a highly contaminated area until they were moved to the low contaminated area where they grazed from late november to late april. the level of 137cs in meat was about 12 kbq/kg at the time when the animals were moved ... | 1989 | 2814448 |
| reindeer papillomavirus transforming properties correlate with a highly conserved e5 region. | a papillomavirus was isolated from the epithelial layer of a cutaneous fibropapilloma on a swedish reindeer (rangifer tarandus). reindeer papillomavirus (rpv) is morphologically indistinguishable from other papillomaviruses, but the restriction enzyme cleavage pattern of its genome is different. no sequence homology was detected between rpv dna and the dnas of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and avian papillomavirus when hybridization was performed under stringent conditions. however, the r ... | 1987 | 2822949 |
| vascular control of brain cooling in reindeer. | the cold venous effluent returning from the nose of the heat-stressed reindeer may be distributed through angular oculi veins for selective cooling of the brain and through facial veins for general body cooling. in vitro experiments indicate that adrenergic receptors of the angular oculi vein are exclusively of the alpha-adrenergic type, whereas facial veins contain mainly beta-adrenergic receptors. we suggest that the antagonistic adrenergic neuroeffector organization of these veins plays a maj ... | 1988 | 2834969 |
| serological survey of herpesvirus infections in wild ruminants of france and belgium. | the presence of antibodies against bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv-1), bovid herpesvirus 6 (bhv-6), herpesvirus of cervidae type 1 (hvc-1), reindeer herpesvirus, bovine herpesvirus 2 (bhv-2) and bovid herpesvirus 4 (bhv-4) was investigated in wild ruminants of france and belgium between 1981 and 1986. there were no animals serologically positive for bhv-4. antibodies against bhv-2 were demonstrated in roe deer (cervus capreolus) (less than 1%) and chamois (rupicapra rupicapra) (1%) in france. animals ... | 1988 | 2836635 |
| some aspects of thermoregulation in newborn reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | at birth reindeer calves often are exposed to sub-zero ambient temperatures (ta) sometimes even combined with wind and precipitation. the resting metabolism was measured in three different age groups (1, 7 and 14 days old) at ta's of -20, -5, 10 and 20 degrees c. resting metabolism in the thermoneutral zone decreased from 5.1 w x kg-1 at day 1 and 7 to 4.8 w x kg-1 at day 14. at day 1 apparent lower critical temperature (tlc) was 11 degrees c, while at day 7 it was 7.7 degrees c and at day 14 7. ... | 1985 | 2858960 |
| botulism in canada: caribou meat as a source of poisoning? | | 1985 | 2864133 |
| food-borne botulism in canada, 1971-84. | sixty-one outbreaks of food-borne botulism involving a total of 122 cases, of which 21 were fatal, were recorded from 1971 to 1984 in canada. most occurred in northern quebec, the northwest territories or british columbia. of the 122 victims 113 were native people, mostly inuit. most of the outbreaks (59%) were caused by raw, parboiled or "fermented" meats from marine mammals; fermented salmon eggs or fish accounted for 23% of the outbreaks. three outbreaks were attributed to home-preserved food ... | 1985 | 2866023 |
| skeletal muscle characteristics of reindeer (rangifer tarandus l.). | fibre type composition, fibre areas, capillaries, enzyme activities and intramuscular substrates were analysed on skeletal muscle samples from reindeer. the muscles contained 10-20% type i fibres and a higher percentage of type iib (40-60%) than type iia fibres (20-40%). all fibre types revealed medium or dark staining intensity for oxidative capacity. glycolytic capacity was greatest in type iib fibres. all fibres stained for glycogen, while type i and iia fibres stained for lipids. the mean nu ... | 1985 | 2866890 |
| parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (nematoda: protostrongylidae) and a protostrongylid nematode in woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) of alberta, canada. | two size-groups of dorsal-spined, first-stage, nematode larvae were found in feces of woodland caribou, rangifer tarandus caribou (gmelin), in alberta from 1976-1982. larvae from caribou feces in northeastern alberta were 451 +/- 17 micrograms in length, while those from west-central alberta were 362 +/- 18 micrograms in length. larvae collected from west-central alberta developed to the infective stage, experimentally, in the terrestrial gastropod triodopsis multilineata (say) and were infectiv ... | 1986 | 2869151 |
| the influence of ambient temperature on metabolism and body temperature of newborn and growing reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | thermoregulatory capacities of 51 reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) aged 1-35 days were studied at -26.5 to +35.0 degrees c ambient temperatures at kaamanen reindeer research station, finland (69 degrees 10' n) during calving periods in may 1981 and may-july 1982. the newborn calves aged 1-4 days maintained a high body temperature (tre) (mean +40.2 degrees c) even at the lowest experimental temperature of -22.5 degrees c by increasing their metabolic rate five-fold above the level ... | 1986 | 2869877 |
| validation of doubly labeled water method using a ruminant. | co2 production (cdp, ml co2 . g-1 . h-1) by captive caribou and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) was measured using the doubly labeled water method (3h2o and h2(18)o) and compared with co2 expiration rates (vco2), adjusted for co2 losses in ch4 and urine, as determined by open-circuit respirometry. cdp calculated from samples of blood or urine from a reindeer in winter was 1-3% higher than the adjusted vco2. differences between values derived by the two methods of 5-20% were found in summer trials w ... | 1986 | 2873747 |
| the fatty acid composition of northern-canadian marine and terrestrial mammals. | the low mortality from cardiovascular disease in greenland eskimos has been attributed to their consumption of diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids. these fatty acids are found in fish and marine mammal lipids. whereas the fatty acid composition of several fish species has been documented, information is more limited on the mammals which feature significantly in the diets of many arctic populations. this study investigated the fatty acid composition of commonly eaten marine mammals, as well as the ... | 1987 | 2890267 |
| brucella suis biotype 4: a case of granulomatous nephritis in a barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus l.) with a review of the distribution of rangiferine brucellosis in canada. | severe granulomatous nephritis caused by brucella suis biotype 4 was found in a barren ground caribou (rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) from northwest territories, canada. a review of the distribution of human and animal cases of brucellosis in northern canada indicated that b. suis biotype 4 is distributed widely and is probably enzootic in most canadian caribou herds. | 1986 | 2902236 |
| caribou bones and labrador tea. | | 1989 | 2914306 |
| ultrastructure of the cysts of sarcocystis tarandivulpes from skeletal muscle of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | | 1985 | 2931009 |
| skin disorders and prick and patch test reactivity in finnish reindeer herders. | in addition to an interview, skin tests and clinical examinations were performed on 211 randomly selected reindeer herders from 21 to 77 years of age (mean 45 years). skin tests consisted of skin prick tests (spt) with 9 allergens: cat and cow epithelium, dog, horse and reindeer epithelium, house dust mite, birch pollen, meadow grass pollen and mugwort pollen, as well as patch tests with 31 allergens. of the 211 tested, 19 (9%) had positive spt reactions to at least one allergen, and 19/173 (11% ... | 1988 | 2970375 |
| isolation of a herpesvirus serologically related to bovine herpesvirus 1 from a reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | | 1986 | 3026156 |
| seasonal changes in the cecal microflora of the high-arctic svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus). | the dominant cecal bacteria in the high-arctic svalbard reindeer were characterized, their population densities were estimated, and cecal ph was determined in summer, when food quality and availability is good, and in winter, when it is very poor. in summer the total culturable viable bacterial population was (8.9 +/- 5.3) x 10(8) cells ml-1, whereas in winter it was (1.5 +/- 0.7) x 10(8) cells ml-1, representing a decrease to 17% of the summer population density. of the dominant species of cult ... | 1987 | 3030193 |
| changes in neck muscles in swedish reindeer bucks during rutting season. | three neck muscles in swedish reindeer bucks have been studied before and during the rutting season. these were m. splenius, m. sternocephalicus and m. brachiocephalicus. for comparison, m. longissimus dorsi was chosen. fibre composition and fibre size were studied in the four muscles as also was the metabolic potential of three enzymes, representing respiratory chain (cytochrome oxidase), beta-oxidation of fatty acids (3-hydroxyacyl-coa dehydrogenase) and anaerobic glycolysis (lactate dehydroge ... | 1987 | 3033035 |
| scanning electron microscopy of the sarcocysts of six species of sarcocystis from reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | sarcocysts belonging to six species of sarcocystis were isolated from the musculature of reindeer and examined by scanning electron microscopy (sem) to reveal their surface morphology. sarcocysts of s. grueneri had thin, strip-like surface processes, cysts of s. rangi had long hair-like processes, and cysts of s. tarandivulpes had short, knob-like processes interconnected by microfolds. cysts of s. hardangeri had prominent, slanting linguiform processes, whereas the cysts of both s. tarandi and ... | 1986 | 3098040 |
| mortuary practices at the krapina neandertal site. | it has often been reported that the krapina neandertal remains bear incised linear striations which appear to be cutmarks. here, the plausibility of the striations as cutmarks is tested by comparing them to mousterian butchery marks on large fauna and to cutmarks on modern human skeletons known to have been defleshed with stone tools. the anatomical location, gross appearance, and frequency of occurrence of the striations on the krapina material do not resemble mousterian butchery marks on reind ... | 1987 | 3107399 |
| septicemic listeriosis in a reindeer calf. | septicemic listeriosis is described in a 2-day-old reindeer calf (rangifer tarandus tarandus) from a local zoo. the gross and microscopic lesions were typical of disease caused by bacterial septicemia. major lesions included necrosis of the liver, lung, adrenal gland, spleen, and lymph node. the diagnosis was suspected by special histopathological stains and confirmed by isolation of listeria monocytogenes from multiple organs. this is the first report of listeriosis in a reindeer. | 1987 | 3108523 |
| plasma calcemic hormones in mature female reindeer, rangifer tarandus. | the plasma calcemic hormones in mature female reindeer were measured during the major portion of the antler growth cycle, between the months of march and november. blood samples were collected every 2 months, a total of five samples each from eight reindeer. plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin d, pth, and osteocalcin were found to increase progressively from may through july and decline thereafter except 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d level which peaked in september. no change in plasma total ca was obs ... | 1988 | 3130287 |
| regulation of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin from the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | | 1988 | 3166648 |
| [redescription of dictyocaulus noerneri ralliet et henry, 1907, parasite of capreolus capreolus in europe. comparison with d. viviparus (bloch, 1782), a parasite of cattle]. | both species are easily distinguished by the shape and the thickness of the buccal ring. in d. noerneri, the buccal ring is 12-14 microns high, kidney like shape in optical section and thick in en face view. in d. viviparus, the buccal ring is 22-25 microns high, triangular shape in optical section and thin in en face view. the taxon dictyocaulus eckerti skrjabin, 1931, described from rangifer larandus in western siberia, has been misused to call the dictyocaulids of european cervidae. if those ... | 1988 | 3202587 |
| [evaluation of actual nutrition of reindeer breeders]. | | 1988 | 3206864 |
| the chernobyl accident. transport of radionuclides to man living in northern sweden. | the pathways of 131i, 134cs and 137cs from the chernobyl fallout to man were followed in the county of västerbotten, sweden. reported airplane measurements had shown that the ground deposition of 137cs was 3-40 kbq/m2 with hot spots with more than 80 kbq/m2. multiplying with a factor of 0.6 gave the 134cs deposition and an approximate factor of 20 the 131i ground deposition. the effective dose equivalent from 131i became low, less than 0.1 msv, as the cows were stabled. the 137cs activity concen ... | 1988 | 3233171 |
| copper and cadmium binding proteins from liver and kidney of moose and reindeer. | | 1988 | 3272601 |
| psychosocial factors and working conditions related to mental health of reindeer herders. | | 1988 | 3272610 |
| accidents in reindeer herding work. | | 1988 | 3272650 |
| a health examination trial among males in northern finland. | | 1988 | 3272659 |
| echinococcus strains in europe: a review. | in european countries the following final/intermediate host assemblages of echinococcus granulosus are known to occur: (a) dog/sheep; (b) dog/horse; (c) dog/cattle; (d) dog/pig, (e) dog/reindeer (= "northern form" of e. granulosus). the parasites involved in cycles a-d have been identified as distinct strains in various countries. epidemiological aspects relevant to intraspecific variations and strain characteristics are described. in e. multilocularis there are some indications for intraspecifi ... | 1988 | 3291073 |
| experimental iron overload. ultrastructural studies. | | 1988 | 3291681 |
| intraocular infestation by the reindeer warble fly larva: an unusual indication for acute vitrectomy. | a case of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior (oip) caused by the larva of the reindeer warble fly is reported. the larva was initially found intraretinally in the inferior parts of the fundus. from this position it moved into the macula lutea within two days, causing decreased visual acuity. acute vitrectomy was performed and the larva was removed through a retinotomy. about two months afterwards a small retinal detachment appeared near the ora serrata, where the larva had entered the eye. the r ... | 1988 | 3390415 |
| selective cooling of the brain in reindeer. | cineangiographic examination of reindeer exposed to local (hypothalamic) or general heating and cooling revealed that the angular oculi veins are constricted during cold stress but dilated during heat stress. moreover, during heat stress a segment of the facial vein appeared to be occluded, causing the cold venous return from the nasal mucosa to be routed directly to the cavernous sinus for selective cooling of the brain. histological examination of the vasoactive segment of the facial vein show ... | 1987 | 3425764 |
| chernobyl's challenge to the environment: a report from sweden. | this paper reports the levels of radiocesium registered in about 9000 samples collected in different parts of sweden following the chernobyl accident during the period may-november 1986. the maximum cs levels were detected in reindeer, freshwater fish and mushrooms. parameters possibly affecting the nuclide concentration in different biota are briefly discussed. | 1987 | 3438738 |
| toxicity of iceland lichen and reindeer lichen. | iceland lichen (cetraria islandica) is sold in health food stores to prevent various disorders. in olden times it and sometimes also reindeer lichen (cladonia sp.) have been used as emergency food. lichen contains bitter and potentially toxic lichen acids and it also concentrates heavy metals. therefore lichen toxicity was studied with traditional pretreatment methods (boiling, ash-soaking or both). untreated and only shortly boiled lichens were lethally toxic to mice in 50 and 25% w/w mixtures ... | 1986 | 3468923 |
| [taxonomic position of brucella isolated from reindeer]. | | 1986 | 3529757 |
| ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior. | ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior (oip) means infection of the posterior part of the eye with the larvae of flies. few cases have been reported in which the larvae have been removed from the eye and the visual acuity preserved. we report four cases of oip with living larva in the vitreous cavity. the larvae produced severe uveitis and were removed alive with vitrectomy and a procedure for removing foreign bodies. they were identified as first-stage reindeer warble fly larvae (oedemagena tarandi ... | 1987 | 3582993 |
| transferrin variation and body size in reindeer, rangifer tarandus l. | | 1987 | 3583782 |
| seasonal variation in the form of iron in the liver of spitsbergen reindeer: a mössbauer spectroscopic study. | mössbauer spectra have been obtained from samples of the liver of spitsbergen reindeer at different times of the year. most of the iron is in a very similar form to that of the iron storage materials ferritin and haemosiderin. the data reflect the large differences in the amount of iron found in the liver at different times of the year and also indicate that there are only relatively small differences in the chemical and physical form of the iron found in the liver at different times of the year ... | 1987 | 3593762 |
| [reindeer warble fly larva as a cause of 3 cases of human myiasis]. | | 1987 | 3600114 |
| [nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and shape of erythroid cells of the reindeer embryo]. | with the beginning of normoblastic erythropoiesis the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (ncr) in the erythroid cells increases. from the chromatophilic erythroblasts with ncr from 1.0 and more erythrocytes possessing the concavo-concave form are produced as a result of the nucleus elimination. | 1987 | 3619675 |
| [genetic structure of aboriginal populations of northeastern ussr. vi. correlations of genetic and geographic distances between populations and subpopulations]. | significant correlation of genetic distances (estimated for 17 polymorphic loci) between populations of asia and alaska eskimos, coast and reindeer chuckchies, kamchatka koryaks and chuckotka even with geographic distances (r = 0.650; p less than 0.01) is shown. also, significant correlation of genetic and geographic distances between 5 coast chuckchies subpopulations have been revealed (r = 0.871; p less than 0.001). the findings can indicate some ecological conditionality of population and sub ... | 1987 | 3623086 |
| seasonal iron overload in svalbard reindeer liver. | changes in liver iron concentration in relation to seasonal body weight variations and food iron intake have been investigated in 77 svalbard reindeer by chemical and histological methods. during the winter season the body weight decreased about 43% in females and 39% in males. liver weight was reduced about 65% in both sexes. the liver iron concentration showed little or no difference between the sexes and was 29 +/- 13 mg iron/100 g wet weight in the autumn. the concentration increased in late ... | 1987 | 3694284 |
| pathology of experimental cysticercus bovis infection in the reindeer (rangifer tarandus linné, 1758). | in the present study, the tissue reaction of the brain, skeletal muscles and heart in experimental c. bovis infection of the reindeer is described. there is non-purulent cysticercal leptomeningites with formation of multinucleate symplasms in the cerebral meninges, and lymphocytic encephalitis in the superficial layers of the cerebral cortex. the tissue reaction around the morphologically differentiated cysticercus in the meningeal location is similar to that in muscle cysticercosis of cattle. i ... | 1986 | 3699621 |